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1. A review of biomarker compounds as source indicators and tracers for air pollution

Author:
Bernd R. T. Simoneit
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 1999 v.6 no.3 pp. 159-169
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
aerosols; air pollution; airshed; atmospheric chemistry; biomarkers; biomass; biopolymers; burning; cellulose; chemical structure; combustion; conifers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; geochemistry; lipids; microorganisms; oils; organic matter; particulate emissions; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; solvents; soot; steam; temperature; tracer techniques; volatilization
Abstract:
... An overview of the application of organic geochemistry to the analysis of organic matter on aerosol particles is presented here. This organic matter is analyzed as solvent extractable bitumen/ lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The organic geochemical approach assesses the origin, the environmental history and the nature of secondary products of organic matter by using the data derive ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02987621

2. Saccharification of cellulose by dry pyrolysis

Author:
Gu-Joong Kwon; Shigenori Kuga; Keko Hori; Mitsuyoshi Yatagai; Keisuke Ando; Nobuaki Hattori
Source:
Journal of wood science 2006 v.52 no.5 pp. 461-465
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
temperature; traps; lasers; nitrogen; aerosols; glass; cellulose; bottles; pyrolysis; heat treatment; drying; saccharification
Abstract:
... Pyrolysis of cellulose was studied for the purpose of practical production of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranoside (levoglucosan, LG). To minimize secondary degradation of levoglucosan, two methods were examined: (1) conductive heating by glass bottle, and (2) radiation heating from the surface by CO₂ laser beam, both under vacuum and in a nitrogen atmosphere. Glass-bottle pyrolysis under vacuum gave l ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-005-0784-x

3. Determination of water-soluble and insoluble (dilute-HCl-extractable) fractions of Cd, Pb and Cu in Antarctic aerosol by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry: distribution and summer seasonal evolution at Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land)

Author:
Annibaldi, A.; Truzzi, C.; Illuminati, S.; Bassotti, E.; Scarponi, G.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2007 v.387 no.3 pp. 977-998
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; cadmium; cellulose; copper; filters; lead; pollution; summer; Antarctic region
Abstract:
... Eight PM10 aerosol samples were collected in the vicinity of the “Mario Zucchelli” Italian Antarctic Station (formerly Terra Nova Bay Station) during the 2000-2001 austral summer using a high-volume sampler and precleaned cellulose filters. The aerosol mass was determined by differential weighing of filters carried out in a clean chemistry laboratory under controlled temperature and humidity. A tw ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-006-0994-0
PubMed:
17200845

4. Analysis of gross alpha, gross beta activities and beryllium-7 concentrations in surface air: their variations and statistical prediction model

Author:
Arkian, Foroozan; Salahinejad, Maryam; Bidokhti, Ali Akbar; Meshkatee, Amir
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.140 no.1-3 pp. 325-330
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
aerosols; air; air filters; cellulose; counters; glass; meteorological data; samplers; semiconductors; spectrometers; statistical models
Abstract:
... Measurement of gross α, gross β activities and cosmogenic beryllium-7 (⁷Be) concentrations were made both daily and weekly during the years 2001-2004 from samples of atmospheric aerosols filtered from the air at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (35 41' N) and Zahedan (28 29' N). Weekly aerosol samples collected with the high-volume air samplers on cellulose filters were used to determine the ⁷Be con ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9870-4

5. Determination of total and non-water soluble iodine in atmospheric aerosols by thermal extraction and spectrometric detection (TESI)

Author:
Gilfedder, B. S.; Chance, R.; Dettmann, U.; Lai, S. C.; Baker, A. R.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2010 v.398 no.1 pp. 519-526
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; atmospheric chemistry; cellulose; combustion; filters; gases; iodine; naphthaleneacetic acid; neutron activation analysis; ozone depletion; quartz; spectroscopy; troposphere
Abstract:
... Iodine has recently been of interest in atmospheric chemistry due to its role in tropospheric ozone depletion, modification of the HO/HO₂ ratio and aerosol nucleation. Gas-phase iodine chemistry is tightly coupled to the aerosol phase through heterogeneous reactions, which are dependent on iodine concentrations and speciation in the aerosol. To date, the only method available for total iodine dete ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-010-3923-1

6. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan in atmospheric fine particulate matter

Author:
Saarnio, Karri; Teinilä, Kimmo; Aurela, Minna; Timonen, Hilkka; Hillamo, Risto
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2010 v.398 no.5 pp. 2253-2264
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; anhydrides; anion exchange; anion exchange chromatography; biomass; burning; cellulose; detection limit; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; emissions; hemicellulose; isomers; particulates; soot; spring; sugar alcohols; tracer techniques; Finland
Abstract:
... Biomass burning has a strong influence on the atmospheric aerosol composition through particulate organic, inorganic, and soot emissions. When biomass burns, cellulose and hemicelluloses degrade, producing monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) such as levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan. Therefore, these compounds have been commonly used as tracers for biomass burning. In this study, a fast water-bas ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-010-4151-4

7. Composition of structural carbohydrates in biomass: Precision of a liquid chromatography method using a neutral detergent extraction and a charged aerosol detector

Author:
Bruno Godin; Richard Agneessens; Patrick A. Gerin; Jérôme Delcarte
Source:
Talanta 2011 v.85 no.4 pp. 2014-2026
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
thermal stability; Festuca arundinacea; dispersions; lignocellulose; Cannabis sativa; fiber content; galactose; sulfuric acid; uncertainty; xylan; aerosols; starch; cellulose; hemp; liquid chromatography; Sorghum bicolor; acid hydrolysis; biomass; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... We adapted and optimized a method to quantify the cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, mannan, galactan contents in lignocellulosic biomass. This method is based on a neutral detergent extraction (NDE) of the interfering biomass components, followed by a sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SAH) of the structural polysaccharides, and a liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) to an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.044

8. Emission of trace gases and organic components in smoke particles from a wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest in Portugal

Author:
Célia A. Alves; Ana Vicente; Cristina Monteiro; Cátia Gonçalves; Margarita Evtyugina; Casimiro Pio
Source:
Science of the total environment 2011 v.409 no.8 pp. 1466-1475
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
acids; aerosols; alkanes; biomarkers; biopolymers; burning; carbon; carbon dioxide; cellulose; detectors; forests; fuels; gas chromatography; gas emissions; gases; ionization; lignin; mass spectrometry; monoacylglycerols; monosaccharides; particulate emissions; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; smoke; steroids; wildfires; Portugal
Abstract:
... On May 2009, both the gas and particulate fractions of smoke from a wildfire in Sever do Vouga, central Portugal, were sampled. Total hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO₂ and CO) were measured using automatic analysers with flame ionisation and non-dispersive infrared detectors, respectively. Fine (PM₂.₅) and coarse (PM₂.₅–₁₀) particles from the smoke plume were analysed by a thermal–optical transm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.025
PubMed:
21277615

9. Hyphenation of a carbon analyzer to photo-ionization mass spectrometry to unravel the organic composition of particulate matter on a molecular level

Author:
Jana Grabowsky; Thorsten Streibel; Martin Sklorz; Judith C. Chow; John G. Watson; Athanasios Mamakos; Ralf Zimmermann
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2011 v.401 no.10 pp. 3153-3164
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
adverse effects; aerosols; biodiesel; carbon; cellulose; combustion; emissions; gasoline; heat; ionization; ions; lignin; lignocellulose; mass spectrometry; particulates; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; spectrometers; temperature; thermal degradation; wood
Abstract:
... The carbonaceous fraction of airborne particulate matter (PM) is of increasing interest due to the adverse health effects they are linked to. Its analytical ascertainment on a molecular level is still challenging. Hence, analysis of carbonaceous fractions is often carried out by determining bulk parameters such as the overall content of organic compounds (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) as well as t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-011-5425-1

10. Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Author:
Khem Singh; D. P. Singh; C. K. Dixit; Nahar Singh; C. Sharma; S. Sahai; Arvind K. Jha; Z. H. Khan; Prabhat K. Gupta
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2012 v.184 no.7 pp. 4553-4564
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; anions; cations; cellulose; forests; gases; heavy metals; nitrogen dioxide; physicochemical properties; quartz; rural areas; sulfur dioxide; temporal variation; India
Abstract:
... A field campaign on aerosol chemical properties and trace gases measurements was carried out along the Delhi–Hyderabad–Delhi road corridor (spanning about 3,200 km) in India, during February 1–29, 2004. Aerosol particles were collected on quartz and cellulose filters using high volume (PM10) sampler at various locations along the route (i.e., urban, semi-urban, rural, and forest areas) and have be ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-011-2284-3
PubMed:
21956335

11. Salmonella can reach tomato fruits on plants exposed to aerosols formed by rain

Author:
Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos; Ganyu Gu; Michelle D. Danyluk; Nicholas S. Dufault; Ariena H.C. van Bruggen
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2012 v.158 no.2 pp. 140-146
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; aerosols; air; cellulose; fimbriae; food contamination; fruits; humans; lactose; rain; rain intensity; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas but the spread of Salmonella in agricultural fields is still poorly understood. Post-rain Salmonella transfer from a point source to the air and then to tomato plants was evaluated. GFP-labeled kanamycin-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (10⁸CFU/mL) with and without expression of the rda ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.07.009
PubMed:
22831820

12. Strontium isotopes and nutrient sourcing in a semi-arid woodland

Author:
Amanda C. Reynolds; Jay Quade; Julio L. Betancourt
Source:
Geoderma 2012 v.189-190 no. pp. 574-584
ISSN:
0016-7061
Subject:
aerosols; basalt; bedrock; calcium; cellulose; conifers; granite; grasses; inventories; isotopes; leaves; lichens; life history; limestone; minerals; rooting; sandstone; shrubs; strontium; trees; tropical soils; weathering; wood; Hawaii; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Sr isotopes are widely used as a tracer of Sr and Ca in surficial systems. Basalt flows ranging in age from 3ka (kiloyears ago) to>200ka from El Malpais National Monument (EMNM), New Mexico provide an ideal setting to examine strontium, and hence calcium cycling by plants in a semi-arid woodland. To gauge plant dependence on atmospheric dust versus local weathering products for strontium and calci ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.029

13. Determination of airborne wood dust in Button samples by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS)

Author:
Cheol-Woong Kwon; Madalina M. Chirila; Taekhee Lee; Martin Harper; Roy J. Rando
Source:
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2013 v.93 no.13 pp. 1356-1366
ISSN:
1029-0397
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; aerosols; cellulose; detection limit; equations; ethyl acetate; factories; filters; glass fibers; hemicellulose; linear models; reflectance; toxicity; vibration; wood
Abstract:
... Emerging concerns regarding the toxicity of inhaled wood dust support the need for techniques to quantitate wood content of mixed industrial dusts. The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis technique was applied to the determination of wood content of 181 inhalable dust samples (geometric mean concentration: 0.895 mg/m ³; geometric standard deviation: 2.73) ...
DOI:
10.1080/03067319.2012.755619
PubMed:
26526539
PubMed Central:
PMC4626444

14. Molecular Markers of Biomass Burning in Arctic Aerosols

Author:
Zangrando Roberta; Barbaro Elena; Zennaro Piero; Rossi Silvia; Kehrwald Natalie M.; Gabrieli Jacopo; Barbante Carlo; Gambaro Andrea
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.15 pp. 8565-8574
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
absorption; acrylamides; aerosols; air; analytical methods; biomass; burning; cellulose; combustion; ferulic acid; fires; genetic markers; homovanillic acid; ice; organic matter; p-coumaric acid; snow; solar radiation; spring; summer; syringic acid; vanillic acid; Arctic region; Norway
Abstract:
... Biomass burning is one of the most important sources of organic matter in the atmosphere as it affects the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, creates cloud condensation nuclei and possibly influences ice and snow albedo. Here we created and validated an analytical method using HPLC/(−)-ESI-MS/MS to determine phenolic compounds (PCLCs): vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, homovanillic acid, ...
DOI:
10.1021/es400125r

15. Biotransformation of Various Saccharides and Production of Exopolymeric Substances by Cloud-Borne Bacillus sp. 3B6

Author:
Matulová Mária; Husárová Slavomíra; Capek Peter; Sancelme Martine; Delort Anne-Marie
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2014 v.48 no.24 pp. 14238-14247
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Bacillus (bacteria); aerosols; air; alditols; bacteria; biotransformation; cellulose; energy; freeze-thaw cycles; fructose; glucose; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; nutrient availability; osmolarity; polyethylene glycol; starch; sucrose; temperature
Abstract:
... The ability of Bacillus sp. 3B6, a bacterial strain isolated from cloudwaters, to biotransform saccharides present in the atmosphere was evaluated using in situ 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Bacillus is one of the genera most frequently described in the air and in atmospheric waters. Sugars present in these environments have a biogenic origin; they include alditols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, o ...
DOI:
10.1021/es501350s

16. Formation of Anhydro-sugars in the Primary Volatiles and Solid Residues from Cellulose Fast Pyrolysis in a Wire-Mesh Reactor

Author:
Gong Xun; Yu Yun; Gao Xiangpeng; Qiao Yu; Xu Minghou; Wu Hongwei
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2014 v.28 no.8 pp. 5204-5211
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aerosols; carbon; cellulose; evaporation; fuels; oligomerization; pyrolysis; sugars; temperature; vapors
Abstract:
... The unique design of wire-mesh reactors (WMR) enables the collection of primary volatiles with minimized secondary reactions from fast pyrolysis of solid fuels. This paper reports the formation of anhydro-sugars in both primary volatiles and solid residues from the fast pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in a WMR. Under fast pyrolysis, cellulose is rapidly converted into an intermediate phase ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef501112q

17. Sodium fertilization increases termites and enhances decomposition in an Amazonian forest

Author:
Michael Kaspari; Natalie A. Clay; David A. Donoso; Steven P. Yanoviak
Source:
Ecology 2014 v.95 no.4 pp. 795-800
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Isoptera; aerosols; cellulose; coarse woody debris; ecosystem respiration; lignin; microbial biomass; sodium; sodium chloride; soil; temperature; tropical rain forests; Ecuador
Abstract:
... Added Na was used to determine whether litter decomposition and associated fungal biomass and termites are limited by Na availability in a lowland tropical rainforest at Yasuni, Ecuador. This is a partial test of the “sodium ecosystem respiration” (SER) hypothesis that posits Na is critical for consumers but not plants, that Na shortfall is more likely on highly weathered soils inland from oceanic ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-1274.1

18. Thin-layer chromatography combined with diode laser thermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Author:
Antonín Bednařík; Iva Tomalová; Viktor Kanický; Jan Preisler
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2014 v.1364 pp. 271-275
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
aerosols; atomic absorption spectrometry; cellulose; detection limit; diodes; instrumentation; lasers; pyrolysis; thin layer chromatography; volatilization
Abstract:
... Here we present a novel coupling of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to diode laser thermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DLTV ICP MS). DLTV is a new technique of aerosol generation which uses a diode laser to induce pyrolysis of a substrate. In this case the cellulose stationary phase on aluminum-backed TLC sheets overprinted with black ink to absorb laser light. The e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.069

19. Fate of Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerosols Deposited on the Lung Cell Surface In Vitro

Author:
Endes Carola; Mueller Silvana; Kinnear Calum; Vanhecke Dimitri; Foster E. Johan; Petri-Fink Alke; Weder Christoph; Clift Martin J. D.; Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara
Source:
Biomacromolecules 2015 v.16 no.4 pp. 1267-1275
ISSN:
1526-4602
Subject:
aerosols; breathing; cellulose; cotton; epithelium; microscopy; models; nanocrystals; nanofibers; nanoparticles
Abstract:
... When considering the inhalation of high-aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN), the characterization of their specific interaction with lung cells is of fundamental importance to help categorize their potential hazard. The aim of the present study was to assess the interaction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with a multicellular in vitro model of the epithelial airway barrier following realistic aeros ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00055

20. Miniature Flow-Through Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Source for Ambient Ionization of Gases and Aerosols

Author:
Spencer Sandra E.; Santiago Brandon G.; Glish Gary L.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2015 v.87 no.23 pp. 11887-11892
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
aerosols; caffeine; cellulose; gases; ionization; ions; pyrolysis
Abstract:
... The design and operation of an inexpensive, miniature low-temperature plasma ion source is detailed. The miniature low-temperature plasma ion source is operated in a “flow-through” configuration, wherein the gaseous or aerosolized analyte, caffeine or pyrolyzed ethyl cellulose, in a carrier gas is used as the plasma gas. In this flow-through configuration, the sensitivity for the caffeine standard ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03447

21. Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Author:
M. Govindaraj; P. Masilamani; V. Alex Albert; M. Bhaskaran
Source:
Agricultural reviews 2016 v.37 no.2 pp. 87-100
ISSN:
0976-0741
Subject:
aerosols; antimicrobial properties; application rate; bioactive compounds; burning; cellulose; dormancy; drying; farmers; flowering; fynbos; land application; pathogens; phytomass; plant growth substances; plantlets; seed germination; seed treatment; seedling growth; seedlings; seeds; smoke; threatened species; vigor; South Africa
Abstract:
... Smoke is an important factor involved in fire and post fire germination cues. The role of smoke in stimulating germination was first highlighted in South Africa in a study on Audouinia capitata, a threatened fynbos species. Farmers throughout the world have traditionally used fire and smoke in grain drying practices. It is thought that these methods improve germination and seedling vigor. Smoke ha ...
DOI:
10.18805/ar.v37i2.10735

22. Simultaneous analysis of C1 and C4 oxidized oligosaccharides, the products of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases acting on cellulose

Author:
Bjørge Westereng; Magnus Ø. Arntzen; Finn L. Aachmann; Anikó Várnai; Vincent G.H. Eijsink; Jane Wittrup Agger
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2016 v.1445 pp. 46-54
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
aerosols; cell walls; cellulose; fractionation; glycosidic linkages; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; mass spectrometry; oligosaccharides; oxidation
Abstract:
... Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases play a pivotal role in enzymatic deconstruction of plant cell wall material due to their ability to catalyze oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds. LPMOs may release different products, often in small amounts, with various oxidation patterns (C1 or C4) and with varying stabilities, making accurate analysis of product profiles a major challenge. So far, HPAEC ha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.064

23. Size-Resolved Identification, Characterization, and Quantification of Primary Biological Organic Aerosol at a European Rural Site

Author:
Bozzetti Carlo; Daellenbach Kaspar R.; Hueglin Christoph; Fermo Paola; Sciare Jean; Kasper-Giebl Anneliese; Mazar Yinon; Abbaszade Gülcin; El Kazzi Mario; Gonzalez Raquel; Shuster-Meiseles Timor; Flasch Mira; Wolf Robert; Křepelová Adéla; Canonaco Francesco; Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen; Slowik Jay G.; Zimmermann Ralf; Rudich Yinon; Baltensperger Urs; El Haddad Imad; Prévôt André S. H.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.7 pp. 3425-3434
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
X-radiation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; aerosols; cellulose; climate; fungal spores; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; genetic markers; human health; nitrogen; organic matter; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; summer; winter; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Primary biological organic aerosols (PBOA) represent a major component of the coarse organic matter (OMCOARSE, aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm). Although this fraction affects human health and the climate, its quantification and chemical characterization currently remain elusive. We present the first quantification of the entire PBOACOARSE mass and its main sources by analyzing size-segregated filte ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b05960

24. Versatile Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Flexible Electronics

Author:
Kell Arnold J.; Paquet Chantal; Mozenson Olga; Djavani-Tabrizi Iden; Deore Bhavana; Liu Xiangyang; Lopinski Gregory P.; James Robert; Hettak Khelifa; Shaker Jafar; Momciu Adrian; Ferrigno Julie; Ferrand Olivier; Hu Jian Xiong; Lafrenière Sylvie; Malenfant Patrick R. L.
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017 v.9 no.20 pp. 17226-17237
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
adhesion; adhesives; aerosols; carbon nanotubes; cellulose; economics; electronics; filters; glass; mechanical properties; nanoparticles; photons; silver; solvents; surface roughness
Abstract:
... A silver molecular ink platform formulated for screen, inkjet, and aerosol jet printing is presented. A simple formulation comprising silver neodecanoate, ethyl cellulose, and solvent provides improved performance versus that of established inks, yet with improved economics. Thin, screen-printed traces with exceptional electrical (<10 mΩ/□/mil or 12 μΩ·cm) and mechanical properties are achieved fo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.7b02573

25. Coupled effect of temperature and mineral additions facilitates decay of aspen bark

Author:
Irina Kurganova; Valentin Lopes de Gerenyu; Natalia Galibina; Ekaterina Kapitsa; Ekaterina Shorohova
Source:
Geoderma 2018 v.316 pp. 27-37
ISSN:
0016-7061
Subject:
Phaeozems; Populus tremula; aerosols; atmospheric deposition; bark; boreal forests; carbon; carbon cycle; cellulose; coarse woody debris; gases; lignin; minerals; models; nitrogen; phosphorus; temperature; thermostats; variance
Abstract:
... Tree bark represents a substantial component of coarse woody debris (CWD) in boreal forests. Estimating its decay rates improves our understanding of decomposition processes of woody debris and their effects on the forest carbon cycle. The atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from aerosols and gases has notably grown during the last century. We examined the effect of mineral N ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.014

26. Filtration performance of air filter paper containing kapok fibers against oil aerosols

Author:
Zhaoxia Sun; Min Tang; Qiang Song; Jiyao Yu; Yun Liang; Jian Hu; Jing Wang
Source:
Cellulose 2018 v.25 no.11 pp. 6719-6729
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
aerosols; air; air filters; cellulose; fiber content; filtration; friction; hardwood; kapok; oils; particle size; permeability
Abstract:
... High content of oil aerosols exist in the ambient air. In this study, the kapok fiber was studied for removing oil aerosols due to its oleophilic property and large lumen. The influence of the kapok fiber on filtration performance of air filter papers against the di-(2-ethyl hexyl) sebacate (DEHS) oil aerosols was analyzed. Firstly, different contents of kapok fibers were blended with hardwood fib ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-018-1989-7

27. Molecular characterization of primary humic-like substances in fine smoke particles by thermochemolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Author:
Xingjun Fan; Siye Wei; Mengbo Zhu; Jianzhong Song; Ping'an Peng
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2018 v.180 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
Pinus; aerosols; aromatic acids; atmospheric chemistry; biomass; branches; burning; cellulose; chemical structure; coal; combustion; corn straw; diterpenoids; gas chromatography; genetic markers; lignin; mass spectrometry; organic matter; particles; pyridines; rice straw; smoke; tetramethylammonium compounds; tracer techniques; wood
Abstract:
... In this study, the molecular structures of primary humic-like substances (HULIS) in fine smoke particles emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (including rice straw, corn straw, and pine branches) and coal, and atmospheric HULIS were determined by off-line tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TMAH-GC/MS). A total of 89 pyr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.033

28. Novel instrumentation for tracking molecular products in fast pyrolysis of carbohydrates with sub-second temporal resolution

Author:
Carolyn P. Hutchinson; D. Paul Cole; Erica A. Dalluge; Evan A. Larson; Young Jin Lee
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2018 v.136 pp. 107-114
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
aerosols; alpha-cyclodextrin; biomass; cellulose; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; glucose; instrumentation; ionization; monitoring; pyrolysis; spectrometers
Abstract:
... Despite recent advances, little has been experimentally established regarding the detailed chemical processes that occur during biomass pyrolysis reactions. We developed a new technique that allows for the monitoring of each molecular product from fast pyrolysis with ∼0.2 s temporal resolution. This was achieved by directly coupling a micropyrolyzer with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer via a so ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2018.10.017

29. Smoke aerosol chemistry and aging of Siberian biomass burning emissions in a large aerosol chamber

Author:
A.-C. Kalogridis; O.B. Popovicheva; G. Engling; E. Diapouli; K. Kawamura; E. Tachibana; K. Ono; V.S. Kozlov; K. Eleftheriadis
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2018 v.185 pp. 15-28
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air pollution; atmospheric chemistry; biomass; biomass burning; carbon footprint; cellulose; climate change; combustion; coniferous forests; conifers; dicarboxylic acids; emissions; emissions factor; evaporation; fires; genetic markers; isomers; organic carbon; particulates; pollutants; smoke
Abstract:
... Vegetation open fires constitute a significant source of particulate pollutants on a global scale and play an important role in both atmospheric chemistry and climate change. To better understand the emission and aging characteristics of smoke aerosols, we performed small-scale fire experiments using the Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC, 1800 m3) with a focus on biomass burning from Siberian boreal coni ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.033

30. A wearable origami-like paper-based electrochemical biosensor for sulfur mustard detection

Author:
Noemi Colozza; Kai Kehe; Giulio Dionisi; Tanja Popp; Amelie Tsoutsoulopoulos; Dirk Steinritz; Danila Moscone; Fabiana Arduini
Source:
Biosensors & bioelectronics 2019 v.129 pp. 15-23
ISSN:
0956-5663
Subject:
aerosols; air; alarm systems; biosensors; byproducts; cellulose; choline oxidase; detection limit; electrodes; graphene; hydrogen peroxide; liquids; monitoring; nanocomposites; paper; porosity; spraying; sulfur; toxic substances
Abstract:
... The synthesis and employment of volatile toxic compounds as chemical weapons with a large-scale destructive power has introduced a new insidious threat over the last century. In this framework, the development of wearable sensing tools represents a critical point within the security field, in order to provide early alarm systems. Herein, a novel wearable electrochemical biosensor was developed for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.002

31. Application of nitrogen-based blowing agents as an additive in pyrolysis of cellulose

Author:
Evan Terrell; Manuel Garcia-Perez
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2019 v.137 pp. 203-211
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
additives; aerosols; ammonia; biochar; cellulose; dicyandiamide; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquids; nitrogen content; pyrolysis; temperature; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... Pyrolysis of cellulose mixed with blowing agent additives containing high nitrogen content has been investigated in this work. The additives used are dicyandiamide (DCD), 5-aminotetrazole (5AT) and 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole (5PT), in concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% (weight). Blowing agents are of particular interest as a cellulose pyrolysis additive for two reasons: as a first case, if ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.027

32. Characterization of Silver fir Wood Decay Classes Using Sugar Metabolites Detected with Ion Chromatography

Author:
Stefania Di Lella; Roberto Tognetti; Nicola La Porta; Fabio Lombardi; Tiziana Nardin; Roberto Larcher
Source:
Journal of wood chemistry and technology 2019 v.39 no.2 pp. 90-110
ISSN:
1532-2319
Subject:
Abies alba; aerosols; arabinose; cellobiose; coarse woody debris; decayed wood; detectors; forests; ion exchange chromatography; maltose; metabolites; principal component analysis; sugar content; trees; trehalose; Italy
Abstract:
... Hunter’s classification is the most adopted method for describing coarse woody debris (CWD) decay stages; however, wood chemical characterization is often lacking. This study explores the sugar profiles of living silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) trees and CWD samples in Hunter’s five-decay stages, evaluating the trends and variability in sugar content in CWD samples during decomposition. Wood cores f ...
DOI:
10.1080/02773813.2018.1508301

33. Chemical and physical characterization of aerosols from fast pyrolysis of biomass

Author:
Kristiina Iisa; Ann-Christine Johansson; Esbjörn Pettersson; Richard J. French; Kellene A. Orton; Henrik Wiinikka
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2019 pp. 104606
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
aerosols; biomass; catalysts; cellulose; fluidized beds; fouling; molecular weight; oils; physical properties; pyrolysis; vapors
Abstract:
... Biomass fast pyrolysis vapors contain a significant quantity of persistent aerosols, which can impact downstream processing by e.g. fouling of surfaces and deposition on downstream catalysts. In this study, aerosol concentrations and size distributions were measured by an impactor in two pyrolysis systems, a bench-scale fluidized-bed pyrolyzer and a pilot-scale cyclone pyrolyzer. In both units, th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2019.04.022

34. Laboratory investigation of aerosol coating and capillarity effects on particle ice nucleation in deposition and condensation modes

Author:
F. Belosi; G. Santachiara
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.230 pp. 104633
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; air temperature; atomization; capillarity; cellulose; coatings; droplets; dust; evaporation; filters; ice; ice nucleation; nitrates; relative humidity; silica gel; sodium chloride; storage conditions; Arizona
Abstract:
... In this work, the ice nucleating effectiveness of Arizona Test Dust (ATD), bare and coated with NaCl, not examined in previous published papers, was investigated. The ATD, NaCl coated ATD, and NaCl aerosols were generated by nebulizing water suspensions of bare ATD, ATD-NaCl and NaCl solution. Dried aerosols were sampled on black-gridded cellulose nitrate membrane filters for ice nuclei assessment ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104633

35. Levoglucosan as a tracer of biomass burning: Recent progress and perspectives

Author:
Hemraj Bhattarai; Eri Saikawa; Xin Wan; Hongxia Zhu; Kirpa Ram; Shaopeng Gao; Shichang Kang; Qianggong Zhang; Yulan Zhang; Guangming Wu; Xiaoping Wang; Kimitaka Kawamura; Pingqing Fu; Zhiyuan Cong
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.220 pp. 20-33
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; air pollution; air quality; altitude; analytical methods; biomass; burning; cellulose; climate; emissions; forests; gases; hemicellulose; human health; ice; organic carbon; pyrolysis; sediments; snow
Abstract:
... Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of air pollution from local to global scale, having variable effects on air quality, human health, and climate system. Therefore, the source identification and characterization of BB-derived aerosols and tracer gases in the ambient environment is crucial. This review provides recent updates on the applicability of levoglucosan as a BB tracer in different envi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.004

36. Methods for the determination of levoglucosan and other sugar anhydrides as biomass burning tracers in environmental samples – A review

Author:
Katarzyna Janoszka; Marianna Czaplicka
Source:
Journal of separation science 2019 v.42 no.1 pp. 319-329
ISSN:
1615-9306
Subject:
aerosols; anhydrides; animal wastes; biofuels; biomass; burning; capillary electrophoresis; cellulose; combustion; crops; derivatization; energy; gas chromatography; hemicellulose; high performance liquid chromatography; information sources; ion exchange chromatography; macroalgae; mass spectrometry; organic matter; particulates; sediments; smoke; soil; sugars; tracer techniques; wood
Abstract:
... Nowadays, there is a great pressure on finding an alternative source of energy. One such source is biomass combustion. Biomass is any organic matter such as wood, crops, seaweed, and animal wastes that during combustion emits energy but also smoke and solid residue. Biomass burning tracers, such as levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, are sugar anhydrides produced during burning of biomass that ...
DOI:
10.1002/jssc.201800650

37. Scaling of Flory-Huggins interaction parameter for polyols with chain length and number of hydroxyl groups

Author:
R.G.M. van der Sman
Source:
Food hydrocolloids 2019 v.96 pp. 396-401
ISSN:
0268-005X
Subject:
aerosols; arabinoxylan; biopolymers; carbon; cellulose; climate; food science; foods; hydrocolloids; hydrophilicity; ingredients; moieties; polyols; solutes; sorption; starch
Abstract:
... The Flory-Huggins-Free-Volume (FHFV) theory, describing the moisture sorption of carbohydrates, is extended towards a wider range of compounds. Earlier application of the FHFV theory has been to carbohydrate/water mixtures, as can be found in foods. Now, we have extended the theory towards polyols (or polyalcohols) which are investigated in as proxies for secondary organic aerosols, whose behaviou ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.042

38. Molecular characterization of biomass burning tracer compounds in fine particles in Nanjing, China

Author:
Wenjing Li; Junfeng Wang; Lu Qi; Wentao Yu; Dongyang Nie; Shuangshuang Shi; Chuanxin Gu; Xinlei Ge; Mindong Chen
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2020 v.240 pp. 117837
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; biomass; cellulose; environment; grasses; hardwood; salicylic acid; softwood; softwood lignin; spring; straw; summer; vanillic acid; winter; China
Abstract:
... In this work, a sensitive method based on the High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) technique was established and validated, and successfully applied to quantify biomass burning tracer species (in total 20 compounds) in fine aerosol particles (PM₂.₅) collected during the full year of 2016 in Nanjing, China. The annual le ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117837

39. Repeatability of INP activation from the vapor

Author:
G. Santachiara; F. Belosi
Source:
Atmospheric research 2020 v.243 pp. 105030
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; atomization; cellulose; dust; filters; freezing; ice; ice nucleation; nitrates; particulates; temperature; vapors; Arctic region; Arizona; Norway
Abstract:
... Laboratory generated aerosols and aerosol sampled in a field campaign were studied to assess the repeatability of heterogeneous ice activation processes and verify if the ice nuclei particles maintained their nucleating capability. Experiments were performed using a filter technique, i.e. aerosol particles were sampled on black-gridded cellulose nitrate membrane filters and assessed for ice nuclea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105030

40. A new cancellous bone material of silk fibroin/cellulose dual network composite aerogel reinforced by nano-hydroxyapatite filler

Author:
Zong-Ju Chen; Hui-Hong Shi; Liang Zheng; Hua Zhang; Yu-Ying Cha; Hui-Xian Ruan; Yi Zhang; Xiu-Cheng Zhang
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2021 v.182 pp. 286-297
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
adhesion; aerogels; aerosols; biocompatible materials; biodegradability; bones; brittleness; cell culture; cellulose; fibroins; strength (mechanics); urea
Abstract:
... Composites materials comprised of biopolymeric aerogel matrices and inorganic nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) fillers have received considerable attention in bone engineering. Although with significant progress in aerogel-based biomaterials, the brittleness and low strengths limit the application. The improvements in toughness and mechanical strength of aerogel-based biomaterials are in great need. In ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.204

41. Aerosol filtration performance of electrospun membranes comprising polyacrylonitrile and cellulose nanocrystals

Author:
Rachel Passos de Oliveira Santos; Junli Hao; Elisabete Frollini; Holmer Savastano Junior; Gregory C. Rutledge
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2022 v.650 pp. 120392
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
aerosols; air; biodegradability; cellulose; filtration; modulus of elasticity; nanocrystals; polyacrylonitrile; porosity; tensile strength
Abstract:
... Composite electrospun membranes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with contents of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) of 5–20 wt% were prepared. The increase in cellulose content improved the mechanical properties of the materials up to approximately 2-fold in the tensile strength and 6-fold in elastic modulus compared to the PAN membrane. Filtration performance of the composite membranes against aerosolized ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120392

42. Benchmarking source specific isotopic ratios of levoglucosan to better constrain the contribution of domestic heating to the air pollution

Author:
Nana Khundadze; Christoph Küppers; Beatrix Kammer; Andrius Garbaras; Agne Masalaite; Holger Wissel; Andreas Lücke; Bezhan Chankvetadze; Jochen Rudolph; Astrid Kiendler-Scharr; Iulia Gensch
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2022 v.268 pp. 118842
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
C3 plants; C4 plants; aerosols; air pollution; biomass; biosynthesis; carbon; carbon dioxide fixation; cellulose; coal; combustion; corn; environment; heat; smoke; Europe
Abstract:
... We report source specific isotope ratios of levoglucosan, the specific biomass burning tracer, in aerosol particles from the combustion of selected woods used for domestic heating in Europe, of coals containing cellulose (lignites) as well as of corn, a C4 plant. Here, we combine compound specific δ¹³C measurements of levoglucosan with total carbon δ¹³C of parent materials, to assess isotopic frac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118842

43. Towards comprehensive non-target screening using heart-cut two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the analysis of organic atmospheric tracers in ice cores

Author:
Anja Beschnitt; Margit Schwikowski; Thorsten Hoffmann
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2022 v.1661 pp. 462706
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
aerosols; biomass; cellulose; chemical composition; chemical species; combustion; comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography; ice; lignin; mass spectrometry; snow
Abstract:
... Non-target screening of secondary organic aerosol compounds in ice cores is used to reconstruct atmospheric conditions and sources and is a valuable tool to elucidate the chemical profiles of samples with the aim to obtain as much information as possible from one mass spectrometric measurement. The coupling of mass spectrometry to chromatography limits the results of a non-target screening to sign ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462706