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You searched for: Subject agricultural land Remove constraint Subject: agricultural land Subject term Scotland Remove constraint Subject term: Scotland Subject term agricultural land Remove constraint Subject term: agricultural land
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1. Abandoning Risky Agriculture and Leveraging Natural Capital: A County-Level Method for Identifying Conservation Opportunity

Author:
James O. Luken
Source:
Natural areas journal 2020 v.40 no.1 pp. 45-50
ISSN:
0885-8608
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; coastal plains; coasts; crop insurance; crops; farmers; farming systems; forests; humans; income; land use; natural capital; subsidies; North Carolina; Scotland; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Marginal land now devoted to growing harvested crops may be better suited to other land uses such as biodiversity enhancement and carbon sequestration. However, farmers are not encouraged to explore the development of these opportunities due largely to subsidized federal crop insurance (FCI). This study examined FCI outcomes from 2013 to 2017 in 69 Coastal Plain counties of North Carolina and Sout ...
DOI:
10.3375/043.040.0106

2. Adaptive management and targeting of agri-environment schemes does benefit biodiversity: a case study of the corn bunting Emberiza calandra

Author:
Perkins, Allan J.; Maggs, Hywel E.; Watson, Adam; Wilson, Jeremy D.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2011 v.48 no.3 pp. 514-522
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Sitophilus; agricultural land; biodiversity; birds; case studies; corn; farmers; farms; food availability; grasslands; issues and policy; monitoring; mowing; population growth; subsidies; Scotland
Abstract:
... 1. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are the main European policy response to biodiversity loss caused by agricultural intensification. Maximizing their effectiveness is a key policy challenge. Monitoring is essential to inform adaptation and improvement of schemes over time, and to understand how measures may need to vary across a species' range. 2. We measured changes in breeding abundance of a sev ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01958.x

3. Arable plant communities as indicators of farming practice

Author:
Hawes, C.; Squire, G.R.; Hallett, P.D.; Watson, C.A.; Young, M.
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2010 v.138 no.1-2 pp. 17-26
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
integrated agricultural systems; agroecosystems; soil organic carbon; plant communities; agricultural land; nitrogen; botanical composition; growing season; agrochemicals; weeds; soil fertility; natural selection; buried seeds; organic production; sustainable agriculture; Scotland
Abstract:
... The diversity and abundance of the within-field seedbank and emerged weed flora, were measured in over 100 fields from conventional, integrated and organic farms across the arable east of Scotland. Both seedbank and emerged flora showed significant responses to a management intensity gradient from farms with high agrochemical inputs and winter cropping to those with no inorganic inputs, spring cro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2010.03.010

4. Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency at farm and catchment scale using nutrient budgets

Author:
Domburg, P.; Edwards, A.C.; Sinclair, A.H.; Chalmers, N.A.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2000 v.80 no.13 pp. 1946-1952
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
nutrient content; farm inputs; watersheds; phosphorus; application rate; grasslands; farms; nutrient uptake; losses from soil; crop production; agricultural land; cattle; cattle production; nitrogen fertilizers; chickens; grain crops; nitrogen; sheep; phosphorus fertilizers; Scotland
Abstract:
... Farm nutrient budgets related to 1994 were calculated for seven farm types, accounting for approximately 90% of the agricultural land in the River Ythan catchment, NE Scotland. The magnitude of fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at the catchment scale in relation to these farm types was also assessed. Positive budgets were calculated for all farm types, with the largest surpluses estimated ...
DOI:
10.1002/1097-0010(200010)80:13<1946::AID-JSFA736>3.0.CO;2-Q

5. Assessing the efficacy of artificial domiciles for bumblebees

Author:
Gillian C. Lye; Kirsty J. Park; John M. Holland; Dave Goulson
Source:
Journal for nature conservation 2011 v.19 no.3 pp. 154-160
ISSN:
1617-1381
Subject:
Bombus; agricultural land; crops; forage; habitats; nesting; nesting sites; pollination; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Bumblebees have suffered declines as a result of reduction in habitat availability associated with agricultural intensification. Although several conservation strategies for bumblebees address forage availability, other aspects of bumblebee ecology are often ignored. Availability of sufficient nest sites is a key requirement of bumblebee populations and since nesting habitat is likely to have beco ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jnc.2010.11.001

6. Assessing the efficiency gains of improved spatial targeting of policy interventions; the example of an agri-environmental scheme

Author:
Horst, D. van der
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2007 v.85 no.4 pp. 1076-1087
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
land use change; agroecosystems; agricultural land; landscapes; honors and awards; cost benefit analysis; environmental policy; woodlands; biodiversity; Scotland
Abstract:
... GIS-based spatial targeting is increasingly recognised as a potentially useful tool to design more efficient policy interventions. The use of this tool has also been advocated in the context of incentive-based agri-environmental schemes, but there has been little work to date to estimate the level of efficiency gains which it may help to achieve. This paper investigates the requirements to arrive ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.034
PubMed:
17350157

7. Assessing the value of Rural Stewardship schemes for providing foraging resources and nesting habitat for bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Author:
Lye, Gillian; Park, Kirsty; Osborne, Juliet; Holland, John; Goulson, Dave
Source:
Biological conservation 2009 v.142 no.10 pp. 2023-2032
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
queen insects; Bombus; insect nests; pollinating insects; foraging; rural areas; agricultural land; grasslands; edge effects; farms; Scotland
Abstract:
... Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) play a key role within agricultural systems as pollinators of crops and wild flowers. However, this taxon has suffered severe declines as a result of agricultural intensification. Conservation efforts largely focus on providing forage resources for bumblebees through the summer, but providing suitable habitat during the period of nest foundation in early spring could be a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.032

8. Beyond ‘Hobby Farming’: towards a typology of non-commercial farming

Author:
Lee-Ann Sutherland; Carla Barlagne; Andrew P. Barnes
Source:
Agriculture and human values 2019 v.36 no.3 pp. 475-493
ISSN:
0889-048X
Subject:
abandoned land; agricultural land; farm size; farmers; farming systems; land management; large farms; surveys; Scotland
Abstract:
... In this paper we develop a typology of ‘non-commercial’ approaches to farming, based on a survey of a representative sample of farmers in Scotland, United Kingdom. In total, 395 (16.6% of the sample) farmers indicated that they do not seek to make a profit on their farms. We estimate that these non-commercial approaches to farming are utilised on at least 13% of agricultural land in Scotland. As s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10460-019-09930-5

9. Breeding ground correlates of the distribution and decline of the Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus at two spatial scales

Author:
Chloe Denerley; Steve M. Redpath; Rene van der Wal; Stuart E. Newson; Jason W. Chapman; Jeremy D. Wilson
Source:
Ibis 2019 v.161 no.2 pp. 346-358
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Acrocephalus; Anthus pratensis; Cuculus canorus; Prunella; adults; agricultural land; breeding season; breeding sites; grasslands; habitats; highlands; hosts; insect larvae; migratory birds; moths; population dynamics; summer; wetlands; woodlands; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Many migratory bird species are undergoing population declines as a result of potentially multiple, interacting mechanisms. Understanding the environmental associations of spatial variation in population change can help tease out the likely mechanisms involved. Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus populations have declined by 69% in England but increased by 33% in Scotland. The declines have mainly occur ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12612

10. Challenges in delivering climate change policy through land use targets for afforestation and peatland restoration

Author:
Iain Brown
Source:
Environmental science & policy 2020 v.107 pp. 36-45
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; carbon; carbon markets; carbon sequestration; case studies; certification; environmental policy; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; land use change; organic soils; peatlands; socioeconomic factors; temporal variation; trees; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Climate change policy for the land sector is challenged by complex biophysical and socioeconomic contexts. A target approach utilising land-use change indicators is often used to quantify and communicate progress, based upon assumed greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductions. This paper investigated areal targets for woodland expansion and peatland restoration, both of which can deliver substantial ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.013

11. Changes in fertilizer and manurial practices during 1960-1990: implications for N and P inputs to the Ythan catchment, N.E. Scotland

Author:
Domburg, P.; Edwards, A.C.; Sinclair, A.H.; Wright, G.G.; Ferrier, R.C.
Source:
Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1998 v.52 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
1385-1314
Subject:
water pollution; history; application rate; animal manures; nitrogen; agricultural land; algae; nitrate nitrogen; watersheds; swine; eutrophication; crop management; land use; grasslands; estuaries; poultry; phosphorus; Scotland; Northern Ireland
Abstract:
... A suggested increase in the growth of macrophytic algae within the Ythan estuary (N.E. Scotland) over recent years has been linked to the increased amounts of nitrogen in the form of NO3-N entering the estuary from the river. The increased NO3 concentration in the river has been associated with recent changes in farming practices in this predominantly agricultural catchment. Terrestrially derived ...

12. Climate and anthropogenic factors determine site occupancy in Scotland's Northern‐range badger population: implications of context‐dependent responses under environmental change

Author:
André P. Silva; Gonçalo Curveira‐Santos; Kerry Kilshaw; Chris Newman; David W. Macdonald; Luciana G. Simões; Luís M. Rosalino
Source:
Diversity & distributions 2017 v.23 no.6 pp. 627-639
ISSN:
1366-9516
Subject:
Meles meles; agricultural land; altitude; badgers; camera trapping; climate change; climatic factors; emissions; highlands; human population; humans; land cover; models; planning; population growth; roads; temperature; weather; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... AIM: In the light of human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), populations are exposed to ever‐greater bioclimatic stress at the edge of a species’ historic range. The distribution dynamics of European badgers (Meles meles) at their southern edge are linked tightly to climatic variability. We contribute critical data on how climatic context and local factors determine site occupancy in a n ...
DOI:
10.1111/ddi.12564

13. Climate change, drought risk and land capability for agriculture: implications for land use in Scotland

Author:
Iain Brown; Laura Poggio; Alessandro Gimona; Marie Castellazzi
Source:
Regional environmental change 2011 v.11 no.3 pp. 503-518
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
agricultural land; case studies; climate; climate change; climate models; drought; irrigation; land classification; land use; meteorological data; plant-water relations; risk; soil profiles; soil water deficit; water resources; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land capability classification systems define and communicate biophysical limitations on land use, including climate, soils and topography. They can therefore provide an accessible format for both scientists and decision-makers to share knowledge on climate change impacts and adaptation. Underlying such classifications are complex interactions that require dynamic spatial analysis, particularly be ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-010-0163-z

14. Comparing Path Dependence and Spatial Targeting of Land Use in Implementing Climate Change Responses

Author:
Iain Brown; Marie Castellazzi; Diana Feliciano
Source:
Land 2014 v.3 no.3 pp. 850-873
ISSN:
2073-445X
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; carbon; climate change; disturbed soils; environmental policy; greenhouse gas emissions; habitats; highlands; land use change; planting; viability; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land use patterns are the consequence of dynamic processes that often include important legacy issues. Evaluation of past trends can be used to investigate the role of path dependence in influencing future land use through a reference “business as usual” (BAU) scenario. These issues are explored with regard to objectives for woodland expansion in Scotland as a major pillar of climate change policy ...
DOI:
10.3390/land3030850

15. Crop presence, but not genetic diversity, impacts on the rare arable plant Valerianella rimosa

Author:
Rob W. Brooker; Alison J. Karley; Luna Morcillo; Adrian C. Newton; Robin J. Pakeman; Christian Schöb
Source:
Plant ecology & diversity 2017 v.10 no.5-6 pp. 495-507
ISSN:
1755-1668
Subject:
Valerianella; agricultural land; barley; biodiversity; biomass; crops; genetic variation; genotype; growing season; intensive farming; rare species; reproductive success; seeds; soil water; sowing; weeds; Scotland
Abstract:
... Background: Intensive farming affects farmland biodiversity, and some arable plants in particular. Increasing crop genetic diversity can increase crop productivity or resilience and could also benefit rare arable plants. Aims: We examined whether barley presence, sowing density and genetic diversity impacted the rare plant Valerianella rimosa and explored possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: I ...
DOI:
10.1080/17550874.2018.1437646

16. Crop-to-wild introgression in the European wild apple Malus sylvestris in Northern Britain

Author:
Markus Ruhsam; Will Jessop; Amandine Cornille; James Renny; Rick Worrell
Source:
Forestry 2019 v.92 no.1 pp. 85-96
ISSN:
1464-3626
Subject:
Malus domestica; Malus sylvestris; agricultural land; apples; backcrossing; genetic markers; genotyping; highlands; in situ hybridization; introgression; land use; leaf area; seed dispersal; woodlands; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill, the European wild apple, is a small tree native to Europe which reaches its north-western limit in Northern Britain. It has been identified as one of the main contributors to the domesticated apple M. domestica (Suckow) Borkh. There are concerns that wild populations of this rare tree are threatened by hybridization with M. domestica throughout Europe. We genotyped 332 ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/cpy033

17. Distribution and prevalence of the predatory planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola) in Scotland

Author:
Boag, B.; Palmer, L.F.; Neilson, R.; Chambers, S.J.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 1994 v.124 no.1 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Planaria; predators; earthworms; agricultural land; population distribution; Scotland
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04124.x

18. Ecosystem services as the products of land system dynamics: lessons from a longitudinal study of coupled human–environment systems

Author:
Richard Aspinall; Michele Staiano
Source:
Landscape ecology 2019 v.34 no.7 pp. 1503-1524
ISSN:
0921-2973
Subject:
accounting; agricultural land; biodiversity; economic costs; ecosystem services; ecosystems; energy; funding; humans; issues and policy; labor; land use; longitudinal studies; modernization; natural capital; public services and goods; soil; time series analysis; Scotland
Abstract:
... CONTEXT: We address understanding of whole-system and landscape-based approaches to the ecosystem services framework by considering the supply of provisioning services and the dynamics of agricultural land use in Scotland between 1940 and 2016. OBJECTIVES: To characterise and understand the dynamics of change in provisioning services from agriculture in Scotland over the period 1940–2016. To ident ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10980-018-0752-7

19. Effects of riparian buffer strips on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) within an agricultural landscape

Author:
Jenni A. Stockan; John Baird; Simon J. Langan; Mark R. Young; Glenn R. Iason; Simon R. Leather; Nick Littlewood
Source:
Insect conservation and diversity 2014 v.7 no.2 pp. 172-184
ISSN:
1752-458X
Subject:
Carabidae; agricultural land; conservation buffers; freshwater; habitats; lotic systems; multivariate analysis; planning; rivers; soil; species diversity; stenotopic species; vegetation; watersheds; Scotland
Abstract:
... Current restoration of stream and lotic freshwater systems to ‘good ecological status’ has focused on the creation of vegetated riparian buffer strips. Yet, despite this constituting a major land‐use change, surprisingly little is known about the effects of these strips on riparian organisms. We investigated the effect that widespread adoption of buffer strips may have on activity density, species ...
DOI:
10.1111/icad.12043

20. Exploring factors affecting on-farm renewable energy adoption in Scotland using large-scale microdata

Author:
Jiaqi Ge; Lee-Ann Sutherland; J. Gary Polhill; Keith Matthews; Dave Miller; Douglas Wardell-Johnson
Source:
Energy Policy 2017 v.107 pp. 548-560
ISSN:
0301-4215
Subject:
agricultural land; bioenergy; biomass; data collection; demographic statistics; energy; energy policy; farms; forestry; geographical distribution; geophysics; surveys; tourism; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper uses large-scale micro data to identify key factors affecting the decision to adopt renewable energy generation (wind, solar and biomass) on farms in Scotland. We construct an integrated dataset that includes the compulsory agricultural census and farm structural survey that cover almost all farms in Scotland. In addition to farm owner demographics and farm business structures, we also ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.025

21. Farming and the Nature of Landscape: Stasis and Movement in a Regional Landscape Tradition

Author:
Jo Vergunst
Source:
Landscape research 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 173-190
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; farmers; farming systems; land tenure; landscapes; natural resources conservation; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper explores farming landscapes in Orkney, Scotland, focusing particularly on local responses to the rise of the environmental movement and agri-environmental schemes. It argues that where institutional designations of ‘nature’ tended to invoke a generalised temporal stasis, local and regional understandings of ‘landscape’ emphasise specific histories, transience, and movement. Seeking thes ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2011.652808

22. Fodder crop management benefits Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) outside agri-environment schemes

Author:
Heather M. McCallum; Jeremy D. Wilson; Mark G. O’Brien; David Beaumont; Robert Sheldon; Kirsty J. Park
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2018 v.265 pp. 470-475
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Brassica; European Union; Vanellus vanellus; agri-environmental policy; agricultural land; biodiversity; breeding; cost effectiveness; crop management; farmers; farms; finishing; foraging; grasses; grazing; habitats; highlands; lambs; landscapes; livestock farming; nesting; philopatry; planting; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... To date, agri-environment schemes (AES) have had limited success in reversing biodiversity loss over greater spatial extents than fields and farms, and vary widely in their cost-effectiveness. Here, over nine years, we make use of the management initiative of a farmer in an upland livestock farming landscape in Scotland, undertaken wholly outside AES, to examine its effect on breeding densities of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.027

23. Forest expansion in Scotland and its potential effects on black grouse Tetrao tetrix conservation

Author:
Patrick J.C. White; Philip Warren; David Baines
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2013 v.308 pp. 145-152
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Tetrao; agricultural land; forest habitats; forestry; forests; grouse; heathlands; issues and policy; planting; treeline; Scotland
Abstract:
... Increasing forest cover has been the policy of various countries in recent decades. The Scottish government aims to increase national forest cover from 18% to 25% by 2050. Mid-altitude upland areas above farmland and below the natural tree line will be targeted for planting, which could impact black grouse Tetrao tetrix, a species of conservation concern which is most abundant in this zone. We use ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.038

24. Future-proofing the farm: On-farm wind turbine development in farm business decision-making

Author:
Lee-Ann Sutherland; Kirsty L. Holstead
Source:
Land use policy 2014 v.36 pp. 102-112
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
European Union; agricultural land; case studies; decision making; economic investment; economic sustainability; energy; farmers; farming systems; farms; interviews; leasing; qualitative analysis; risk; wind power; wind turbines; Scotland
Abstract:
... The European Union is committed to increasing the renewable energy produced and consumed within its territory, creating an opportunity and demand for renewable energy production on agricultural land. In this paper, Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is utilised to structure qualitative research on the role of renewable energy production in farm business decision-making, through a case study ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.07.004

25. Governance and stakeholder perspectives of managed re-alignment: adapting to sea level rise in the Inner Forth estuary, Scotland

Author:
Anja Helena Liski; Pontus Ambros; Marc J. Metzger; Kimberly A. Nicholas; A. Meriwether W. Wilson; Torsten Krause
Source:
Regional environmental change 2019 v.19 no.8 pp. 2231-2243
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
agricultural land; attitudes and opinions; climate change; coasts; decision making; estuaries; farmers; funding; governance; industry; interviews; land use; landowners; landscapes; livelihood; risk reduction; sea level; shorelines; stakeholders; uncertainty; wetlands; wildlife; Scotland
Abstract:
... With climate change, coastal areas are faced with unprecedented sea level rise and flooding, raising questions as to how societies will choose to adapt. One option is to strengthen existing sea walls to maintain current land uses; however, scientists, policy-makers and conservationists increasingly see the benefits of managed realignment, which is a nature-based coastal adaptation that involves th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-019-01505-8

26. Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land in Great Britain

Author:
N. Fitton; C. P. Ejerenwa; A. Bhogal; P. Edgington; H. Black; A. Lilly; D. Barraclough; F. Worrall; J. Hillier; P. Smith
Source:
Soil use and management 2011 v.27 no.4 pp. 491-501
ISSN:
0266-0032
Subject:
agricultural land; agronomy; climate change; forestry; grasses; grasslands; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; land use; nitrous oxide; nutrient management; plant cultural practices; England; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... The aim of this paper is to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of croplands and grasslands in Great Britain under different management practices. We consider the feasible land management options for grass and cropland using county level land‐use data with estimates of per‐area mitigation potential for individual and total GHGs, to identify the land management options with the gre ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00365.x

27. The Greenland white‐fronted goose Anser albifrons flavirostris in Ireland and Britain 1982/83–1994/95: Population change under conservation legislation

Author:
Anthony D. Fox; David W. Norriss; David A. Stroud; H. John Wilson; Oscar J. Merne
Source:
Wildlife biology 1998 v.4 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Anser albifrons; adults; agricultural land; census data; extinction; flocks; geese; latitude; laws and regulations; multivariate analysis; nestlings; population growth; spring; surveys; survival rate; wintering grounds; Greenland; Ireland; Scotland
Abstract:
... After protection from hunting on the wintering range in 1982/83, complete surveys of Greenland white‐fronted geese at all known Irish and British wintering resorts have been carried out annually. These showed that this population increased by 5.0% per annum from 16,541 in spring 1983 to 30,459 in spring 1995, characterised by a 6.6% annual increase during 1982/83–1991/92, followed by a less rapid ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1998.010

28. Historical changes (1905–2005) in external phosphorus loads to Loch Leven, Scotland, UK

Author:
L. May; L. H. Defew; H. Bennion; A. Kirika
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2012 v.681 no.1 pp. 11-21
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural runoff; lakes; phosphorus; water quality; watershed management; Scotland
Abstract:
... This article reviews historical changes in the total phosphorus (TP) inputs to Loch Leven, Scotland, UK. Data derived from palaeolimnological records suggest that inputs in the early 1900s were about 6 t TP year−1 (0.45 g TP m−2 year−1). By 1985, this had risen to about 20 t TP year−1 (1.5 g TP m−2 year−1) due to increases in runoff from agricultural land and discharges f ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-011-0922-y

29. How do emission rates and emission factors for nitrous oxide and ammonia vary with manure type and time of application in a Scottish farmland?

Author:
M.J. Bell; N.J. Hinton; J.M. Cloy; C.F.E. Topp; R.M. Rees; J.R. Williams; T.H. Misselbrook; D.R. Chadwick
Source:
Geoderma 2016 v.264 pp. 81-93
ISSN:
0016-7061
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; agricultural land; ammonia; autumn; cattle; cattle manure; crop yield; emissions factor; greenhouse gas emissions; mineral fertilizers; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; organic fertilizers; poultry manure; spring; winter wheat; Scotland
Abstract:
... The use of livestock manure as an organic fertiliser on agricultural land is an attractive alternative to synthetic fertiliser. The type of manure and the timing and method of application can however be crucial factors in reducing the extent of nitrogen lost from the system. This is important not only to enhance crop production, but in controlling gaseous emissions, including nitrous oxide (N2O) a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.007

30. Identifying habitat-driven spatial variation in colony size of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus

Author:
Nina J. O’Hanlon; Ruedi G. Nager
Source:
Bird study 2018 v.65 no.3 pp. 306-316
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Larus argentatus; agricultural land; coasts; environmental factors; food availability; foraging; habitats; littoral zone; Northern Ireland; Scotland
Abstract:
... Capsule: Herring Gull Larus argentatus colonies located along coastlines that are relatively sheltered from wave impact, associated with high intertidal prey availability, and with extensive farmland habitat in the vicinity, have increased in size over the last three decades. Aims: To investigate potential habitat drivers, associated with local food availability, of variation in Herring Gull colon ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2018.1518970

31. Identifying trends in groundwater quality using residence time indicators: an example from the Permian aquifer of Dumfries, Scotland

Author:
Alan M. MacDonald; W. George Darling; Derek F. Ball; Harald Oster
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2003 v.11 no.4 pp. 504-517
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
Permian period; agricultural land; aquifers; basins; chlorofluorocarbons; groundwater; groundwater flow; hydrogeochemistry; industry; mixing; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; pH; rain; sandstone; stable isotopes; sulfur hexafluoride; water quality; Scotland
Abstract:
... The Permian sandstone and breccia aquifer of Dumfries has an important role in supplying water to the principal town in southwest Scotland. The area comprises mainly pastoral farmland with some industry and fish farming. Ongoing development of the aquifer has revealed the existence of complex groundwater flow through fractures and increasing nitrate concentrations. To further investigate these iss ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-003-0275-3

32. Impacts of birds of prey on gamebirds in the UK: a review

Author:
PARK, KIRSTY J.; GRAHAM, KATE E.; CALLADINE, JOHN; WERNHAM, CHRIS W.
Source:
Ibis 2008 v.150 no.s1 pp. 9-26
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Accipiter; Circus; Falco peregrinus; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Perdix perdix; agricultural land; bags; birds of prey; breeding; ecologists; economic impact; employment; game birds; heathlands; humans; income; managers; mortality; partridges; predation; recreation; wildlife; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... The influence of predators on the distribution, density and dynamics of their prey species has long been of interest to ecologists and wildlife managers. Where the prey population is also utilized by humans, conflicts may arise through competition for a limited resource. Because gamebird shooting in the UK provides employment, recreation and income, the impact of birds of prey on gamebird populati ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00847.x

33. Importance of short-term temporal variability in soil physical properties for soil water modelling under different tillage practices

Author:
Josie Geris; Lucile Verrot; Lei Gao; Xinhua Peng; Joseph Oyesiku-Blakemore; Jo U. Smith; Mark E. Hodson; Blair M. McKenzie; Ganlin Zhang; Paul D. Hallett
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2021 v.213 pp. 105132
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
agricultural land; barley; direct seeding; no-tillage; plant establishment; porosity; rain; research; soil structure; soil water; soil water content; temperate zones; temporal variation; Scotland
Abstract:
... Soil properties are often assumed to be static over time in hydrological studies, especially in hydrological modelling. Although it is well appreciated that soil structure and its impact on hydraulic properties are time-variable, particularly on cultivated land, very few studies have focused on quantifying the influence of such changes on soil hydrology, especially at the short term (i.e. seasonal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2021.105132

34. Investigating Riparian Margins for Vegetation Patterns and Plant–Environment Relationships in Northeast Scotland

Author:
Jenni A. Stockan; Simon J. Langan; Mark R. Young
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2012 v.41 no.2 pp. 364-372
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Bryopsida; agricultural land; canopy; conservation buffers; habitats; multivariate analysis; pH; rivers; runoff; sediments; soil; trees; vegetation; water quality; watersheds; Scotland
Abstract:
... Buffer strips alongside watercourses are a widely accepted method of reducing nutrient and sediment run-off from agricultural land thereby improving water quality. Little attention, however, has been paid to the ecological status of these areas despite the fact that riparian habitats in good condition can provide multiple benefits. We investigated vegetation patterns and plant–environment relation ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2010.0518

35. Later prehistoric vegetation dynamics and Bronze Age agriculture at Hobbister, Orkney, Scotland

Author:
Michelle Farrell
Source:
Vegetation history and archaeobotany 2015 v.24 no.4 pp. 467-486
ISSN:
0939-6314
Subject:
agricultural land; anthropogenic activities; landscapes; paleontology; peat; pollen; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... The Bronze Age in Britain was a time of major social and cultural changes, reflected in the division of the landscape into field systems and the establishment of new belief systems and ritual practices. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain these changes, and assessment of many of them is dependent on the availability of detailed palaeoenvironmental data from the sites concerned. This p ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00334-014-0507-6

36. Long-term impacts of extensive grazing and abandonment on the species composition, richness, diversity and productivity of agricultural grassland

Author:
Marriott, C.A.; Hood, K.; Fisher, J.M.; Pakeman, R.J.
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2009 v.134 no.3-4 pp. 190-200
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
grazing; meteorological parameters; grasslands; ranching; agroecosystems; temporal variation; land use change; soil water content; agricultural land; botanical composition; highlands; livestock; grazing management; biomass; abandoned land; pasture management; plant communities; ecological succession; Scotland
Abstract:
... Extensification of grassland management has been put forward as a method of redressing the biodiversity losses seen in agricultural landscapes as a result of increases in production. However, there is little evidence for its success, particularly in upland areas. Two long-term (16 year) experiments at different sites compared extensive grazing, abandonment and continued intensive grazing, assessin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.002

37. Mapping hotspots of multiple landscape functions: a case study on farmland afforestation in Scotland

Author:
Gimona, Alessandro; van der Horst, Dan
Source:
Landscape ecology 2007 v.22 no.8 pp. 1255-1264
ISSN:
0921-2973
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; biodiversity; case studies; developed countries; farms; landscapes; planting; public policy; recreation; socioeconomics; stakeholders; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Many conservation and restoration efforts in developed countries are increasingly based on the premise of recognising and stimulating more 'multi-functionality' in agricultural landscapes. Public policy making is often a pragmatic process that involves efforts to negotiate trade-offs between the potentially conflicting demands of various stakeholders. Conservationists' efforts to influence policy ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10980-007-9105-7

38. Multi-species spatially-explicit indicators reveal spatially structured trends in bird communities

Author:
Dario Massimino; Alison Johnston; David G. Noble; James W. Pearce-Higgins
Source:
Ecological indicators 2015 v.58 pp. 277-285
ISSN:
1470-160X
Subject:
agricultural land; arable soils; biodiversity; birds; grasslands; woodlands; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Multi-species indicators are often used to assess biodiversity trends. By combining population trends across several species they summarise trends across a community. Composite indicators such as these are useful for examining general temporal patterns and may suggest important drivers of biodiversity change. However, they may also mask substantial spatial variation in population trends, particula ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.001

39. Natural flood management, land use and climate change trade-offs: the case of Tarland catchment, Scotland

Author:
Oana Iacob; Iain Brown; John Rowan
Source:
Hydrological sciences journal 2017 v.62 no.12 pp. 1931-1948
ISSN:
2150-3435
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; climate; climate change; flood control; floods; hydrologic models; land use change; risk; watershed management; watersheds; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... A distributed hydrological model (WaSiM-ETH) was applied to a mesoscale catchment to investigate natural flood management as a nonstructural approach to tackle flood risks from climate change. Peak flows were modelled using climate projections (UKCP09) combined with afforestation-based land-use change options. A significant increase in peak flows was modelled from climate change. Afforestation cou ...
DOI:
10.1080/02626667.2017.1366657

40. Nodulation and ecological significance of indigenous legumes in Scotland and Sweden

Author:
Osei Y. Ampomah; Euan K. James; Pietro P. M. Iannetta; Gregory Kenicer; Janet I. Sprent; Kerstin Huss-Danell
Source:
Symbiosis 2012 v.57 no.3 pp. 133-148
ISSN:
0334-5114
Subject:
agricultural land; carbon; climate change; color; ecosystems; germplasm; leghemoglobin; legumes; meadows; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; nodulation; rare species; root nodules; soil; symbionts; transmission electron microscopy; wastelands; Arctic region; Scotland; Sweden
Abstract:
... The ability of wild indigenous legumes to form root nodules capable of biological nitrogen (N2) fixation has rarely been demonstrated for species in natural ecosystems in large parts of Europe. In order to understand and manage these ecosystems, it is important to demonstrate nodulation across a diverse range of environments, sites and climates. This study surveyed nodulation at a number of sites ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13199-012-0188-9

41. Numerical and functional responses of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo to prey abundance on a Scottish grouse moor

Author:
Richard M. Francksen; Mark J. Whittingham; Sonja C. Ludwig; Staffan Roos; David Baines
Source:
Ibis 2017 v.159 no.3 pp. 541-553
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Buteo buteo; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Microtus agrestis; agricultural land; breeding; diet; foraging; grouse; habitats; heathlands; ingestion; landscapes; predation; predators; prediction; reproductive success; voles; Scotland
Abstract:
... Predators will often respond to reductions in preferred prey by switching to alternative prey resources. However, this may not apply to all alternative prey groups in patchy landscapes. We investigated the demographic and aggregative numerical and functional responses of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo in relation to variations in prey abundance on a moor managed for Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus scotica ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12471

42. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of coastal aeolian sand accumulation in Sanday, Orkney Islands, Scotland

Author:
A.A. Sommerville; J.D. Hansom; R.A. Housley; D.C.W. Sanderson
Source:
Holocene 2007 v.17 no.5 pp. 627-637
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
agricultural land; dunes; eolian sands; ice; islands; luminescence; sand; soil; volcanic activity; Greenland; Iceland; Scotland
Abstract:
... Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sand has been used to identify periods of enhanced aeolian activity at two coastal archaeological sites in Orkney that coincide with periods of Holocene climatic deterioration recorded elsewhere in both Scotland and W Europe. Areas of Tofts Ness, Sanday were settled from the Neolithic, abandoned in the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age, reoccupied an ...
DOI:
10.1177/0959683607078987

43. Population changes of breeding waders on farmland in relation to agri-environment management

Author:
Mark O'brien; Jeremy D. Wilson
Source:
Bird study 2011 v.58 no.4 pp. 399-408
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Gallinago; Tringa totanus; Vanellus; agricultural land; breeding; breeding season; farms; grazing; population growth; vegetation cover; Scotland
Abstract:
... Capsule Population response of breeding waders to agri-environment management varied between management options and species; implementation has been on too small a scale to reverse national population declines.Aims To test whether numbers of five breeding wader species have shown a more positive response between 1992 and 2005, at sites with appropriate agri-environment management, than at sites th ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2011.608117

44. Population responses of farmland bird species to agri‐environment schemes and land management options in Northeastern Scotland

Author:
Gergana N. Daskalova; Albert B. Phillimore; Matthew Bell; Hywel E. Maggs; Allan J. Perkins
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2019 v.56 no.3 pp. 640-650
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Carduelis; Emberiza schoeniclus; Passer montanus; agri-environmental policy; agricultural land; biodiversity; birds; breeding; farmland preservation; farms; funding; grasslands; habitats; monitoring; wetlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... The decline of farmland birds across Europe is a well‐documented case of biodiversity loss, and despite land stewardship supported by funding from agri‐environment schemes (AES), the negative trends have not yet been reversed. To investigate the contribution of AES towards farmland bird conservation, we compared abundance of five farmland bird species across 13 years and 53 farms (158 farm years = ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13309

45. Predicting Water and Chloride Transport in Drained Soils Derived from Glacial Till

Author:
A. J. A. Vinten
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1999 v.28 no.3 pp. 980-987
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agricultural land; arable soils; autumn; clay; clay loam soils; drainage; glacial till; hydrologic models; leaching; nitrates; prediction; sandy loam soils; solutes; surface water; water pollution; Scotland
Abstract:
... Field-scale predictions of nitrate (NO₃) leaching from farmland are needed to enable zones vulnerable to ground or surface water pollution with NO₃ to be identified. Use of simple water, solute transport, and N dynamics models is one way of making these predictions. In this paper, linked water and solute transport models (WATBAL/TRANSOL) are calibrated for two important arable soil types in Scotla ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030031x

46. Prediction of plant diversity response to land-use change on Scottish agricultural land

Author:
Wilson, W.L.; Abernethy, V.J.; Murphy, K.J.; Adam, A.; McCracken, D.I.; Downie, I.S.; Foster, G.N.; Furness, R.W.; Waterhouse, A.; Ribera, I.
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2003 v.94 no.3 pp. 249-263
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Bryopsida; agricultural land; arable soils; environmental factors; grasslands; highlands; information management; land use change; linear models; livestock; multivariate analysis; prediction; species diversity; surveys; sward; vascular plants; weeds; Scotland
Abstract:
... Surveys of 87 sites within nine locations on Scottish agricultural land, during 1995-1997, recorded 335 species of vascular plants and 95 bryophyte species, within 31 recognisable plant communities. Multivariate analysis placed the vegetation into five main vegetation types, with differing plant species richness (S: number of species per 100 m2). These were upland grassland (mean S=37); mesotrophi ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00042-7

47. Present agri-environment measures in Europe are not sufficient for the conservation of a highly sensitive bird species, the Corncrake Crex crex

Author:
Jochen Bellebaum; Kees Koffijberg
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2018 v.257 pp. 30-37
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Crex crex; European Union; agri-environmental policy; agricultural land; birds; breeding; farmers; farming systems; grasslands; mowing; questionnaires; risk; wildlife management; Eastern European region; Scotland
Abstract:
... The Corncrake Crex crex breeds mainly in managed grasslands in Europe. Agri-environment schemes (AES) were introduced in many European countries to protect broods from earlier and more frequent mowing. In order to assess the efficacy of these AES on the scale of regional populations, we obtained information on current AES options for Corncrakes in 33 countries and administrative regions within the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.018

48. Riparian field margins: their potential to enhance biodiversity in intensively managed Grasslands

Author:
LORNA J. COLE; SARAH BROCKLEHURST; DAVID I. McCRACKEN; WILLIAM HARRISON; DUNCAN ROBERTSON
Source:
Insect conservation and diversity 2012 v.5 no.1 pp. 86-94
ISSN:
1752-458X
Subject:
Arionidae; Coleoptera; Hemiptera; Linyphiidae; Lumbricidae; Opiliones; agricultural land; biodiversity; birds; edge effects; fences; grasslands; invertebrates; larvae; leaves; livestock; models; pitfall traps; pollution; riparian areas; wildlife habitats; Scotland
Abstract:
... 1. Riparian field margins (i.e. fenced off areas adjacent to watercourses) are becoming widespread in the UK as a means of mitigating diffuse pollution in intensive grasslands. By providing additional habitats for wildlife, they can potentially enhance farmland biodiversity. This study examined a range of riparian margins to determine their impact on invertebrates. 2. Over a 4‐year period, key inv ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00147.x

49. Scenario analysis for regional decision-making on sustainable multifunctional land uses

Author:
Iain Brown; Marie Castellazzi
Source:
Regional environmental change 2014 v.14 no.4 pp. 1357-1371
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
agricultural land; case studies; climate; climate change; computer software; decision making; food security; globalization; issues and policy; land classification; land use change; landscapes; socioeconomic factors; soil; space and time; topography; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land-use patterns are influenced by both top-down and bottom-up (local) factors, with their interactions varying in both space and time. This provides a major challenge to decision-making for sustainable multifunctional landscapes. A cross-scale scenario structure has been developed to integrate top-down and bottom-up context based upon the familiar IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios framew ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-013-0579-3

50. Sewage sludge application to land--a preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of Scottish soils to heavy metal inputs

Author:
Towers, W.; Paterson, E.
Source:
Soil use and management 1997 v.13 no.3 pp. 149-155
ISSN:
0266-0032
Subject:
agricultural land; sewage sludge; land application; heavy metals; groundwater contamination; soil pH; buffering capacity; risk; Scotland
Abstract:
... The projected increase in sewage sludge used on land within many countries in the European Community will provide a major source of entry for several heavy metals into the soil. Although the application rate of sewage sludge to agricultural land is constrained by maximum annual additions of heavy metals, there is a need to know the sensitivity of those soils to heavy metal inputs which are physica ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00576.x