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... Biodegradable plastics (BPs) have been used to replace conventional plastics owing to their environmental harmless and ease of degradation. However, the aging processes of BPs in different environments remain unclear. In this study, we used poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) films as model BPs and investigated the 30-d aging behavior of PLA/PBAT films under four ...
air; coal; compliance; environment; flight; inventories; issues and policy; models; power plants; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... In this study, two top-down methods—mass balance and Gaussian footprint—were used to determine SO₂ emissions rates via three airborne sampling studies over Korea's largest coal power plant in October 2019 and 2020. During the first two flights in October 2019, mass balance approaches significantly underestimated the SO₂ emissions rates by 75 % and 28 %, respectively, as obtained from the real-time ...
... NO₂ is one of the major air pollutants. Exposure to NO₂ is associated with various metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc. Abnormal hepatic glycolipid metabolism is a key feature of metabolic diseases. However, few studies provide evidence for the effects of NO₂ inhalation on hepatic glycolipid metabolism. In this study, female ...
... There is an urgent need for data on microplastics (MPs) in uptake media relevant to humans. Here we apply Laser Direct Infra-Red (LDIR) spectroscopy for the rapid analysis of MP> 10 µm in clean matrices such as bottled drinking water and (deposited) air samples, using strict QA/QC criteria. Nine water bottles of three different brands were found to contain on average 96 particles/L (range 7–364, m ...
air; air quality; air temperature; microclimate; particulates; primary pollutants; spatial distribution; wind direction; wind speed; winter; China
Abstract:
... The vertical distribution of air pollutants in urban street canyons is closely related to residents’ health. However, the vertical air quality in urban street canyons has rarely been assessed using field observations obtained throughout the year. Therefore, this study investigated the seasonal and annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, air quality index, an ...
air; compressors; energy; energy use and consumption; gasoline; gasoline engines; markets; torque
Abstract:
... Advanced gasoline engines may lead the medium-term future of the passenger vehicle market, working in conventional and hybrid powertrains. Downsizing with turbocharging is the most extended way to improve fuel economy in gasoline engines. It is also proven that exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) reduces fuel consumption, but extracting the maximum benefit from EGR requires operating with high EGR rat ...
... The Priestley–Taylor α coefficient was adjusted to the surrounding environment in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The estimated values of α were 0.86 and 0.72 in greenhouse compartments equipped with a forced air ventilation system or wetted evaporative-pad system, respectively. The proposed α coefficient values observed were not equivalent to typical values recommended elsewhere. Furthermore, hourly ...
aerosols; air; chemical composition; hygroscopicity; nitrates; oxidation; particulates; pollution; probability distribution; seasonal variation; spring; water uptake; winter; China
Abstract:
... A hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA) was used to observe the size-resolved hygroscopic characteristics of submicron particles in January and April 2018 in urban Beijing. The probability distribution of the hygroscopic growth factor (HGF-PDF) in winter and spring usually showed a bimodal pattern, with more hygroscopic mode (MH) being more dominant. The seasonal variation in ...
Pseudomonas; air; bacterial communities; community structure; disinfection; equipment; food microbiology; food quality; genes; nanopores; raw materials; salmon; slaughter; spatial variation
Abstract:
... The bacterial diversity and load on equipment in food processing facilities is constantly influenced by raw material, water, air, and staff. Despite regular cleaning and disinfection, some bacteria may persist and thereby potentially compromise food quality and safety. Little is known about how bacterial communities in a new food processing facility gradually establish themselves. Here, the develo ...
X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; air; air flow; oxidation; spectrometers; temperature; China
Abstract:
... The catalytic oxidation effect of MnSO₄ on As(III) by air in an alkaline solution was investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results of the product, it was shown that the introduction of MnSO₄ in the form of solution would generate Na₀.₅₅Mn₂O₄·1.5H₂O with stron ...
... The influence of ultrasound-assisted immersion freezing (UF), immersion freezing (IF), and air freezing (AF) on the protein oxidation, structure, and thermal stability of chicken breast during frozen storage was evaluated in this study. Compared to IF and AF samples, the UF samples had a lower carbonyl content, dityrosine content, and surface hydrophobicity of myofibrillar protein (MP) (P < 0.05), ...
COVID-19 infection; air; business enterprises; chemical composition; coal; combustion; humidity; nitrogen; sulfur; vehicles (equipment); wind speed; China
Abstract:
... Based on the online and membrane sampling data of Yuncheng from January 1st to February 12th, 2020, the formation mechanism of haze under the dual influence of Spring Festival and COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) was analyzed. Atmospheric capacity, chemical composition, secondary transformation, source apportionment, backward trajectory, pollution space and enterprise distribution were studied. Low ...
... Non-thermal plasma (NTP) surface modification technology is a new method to control the surface properties of materials, which has been widely used in the field of environmental protection because of its short action time, simple process and no pollution. In this study, Cu/ACF (activated carbon fiber loaded with copper) adsorbent was modified with NTP to remove H₂S and PH₃ simultaneously under low ...
aerosols; air; air pollutants; air temperature; carbon; environment; equations; nitric oxide; ozone; summer; surface area; temporal variation; traffic; turbulent flow; wind; Finland
Abstract:
... Urban air pollutant concentrations are highly variable both in space and time. In order to understand these variabilities high-resolution measurements of air pollutants are needed. Here we present results of a mobile laboratory and a drone measurements made within a street-canyon network in Helsinki, Finland, in summer and winter 2017. The mobile laboratory measured the total number concentration ...
... Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) has been explored for the determination of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in air. Different extraction strategies (i.e., direct immersion, hard cap espresso, ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction) and extracting solvents (i.e., citric acid, trisodium citrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, thiourea, disodium ...
air; air quality; benzene; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; molecular imprinting; particulates; polyacrylic acid; quantitative analysis; China
Abstract:
... A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene ...
... Impact of changing the air gap, as the main geometrical characteristic of a PV façade (BIPV/T) system, is investigated to find the optimal value. It is done by considering annual CO₂ emission reduction and annual useful exergy from the environmental and exergy sides, while annual electricity production and annual recovered heat are also investigated as representatives of energy aspect. In addition ...
air; chemical species; desorption; gas chromatography; glass fibers; ionization; mass spectrometry; particulates; quartz; temperature
Abstract:
... In this work, we developed and optimized a method for the analysis of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples by using thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with electron ionization single quadrupole mass spectrometry (TD-GC-(EI)-MS). The method uses thermal desorption from a PM on a filter sample as means of sample introduction to a column and obviates the need ...
... In Spain, two synoptic-scale conditions influence heat wave formation. The first involves advection of warm and dry air masses carrying dust of Saharan origin (North African Dust (NAF) = 1). The second entails anticyclonic stagnation with high insolation and stability (NAF) = 0). Some studies show that the meteorological origin of these heat waves may affect their impact on morbidity and mortality ...
... Pufferfish is prone to deterioration due to abundant nutrients and high moisture content. Drying technology can extend the shelf life and enhance the flavor quality of aquatic products. The study investigated the effect of hot air drying (HAD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and hot air assisted radio frequency drying (HARFD) on the taste and volatile profiles of Takifugu obscurus. Different drying ...
X-radiation; air; drip loss; electric impedance; food safety; ice; light microscopes; meat; pork quality; refrigerators; resorption; tap water; texture; tomography
Abstract:
... This study investigated the influence of freezing after supercooling, which we also referred to as supercooled freezing, on the quality of pork tenderloin meat. Experiments for slow and rapid freezing with and without supercooling were carried out. Ice crystal formation was examined using X-ray computed tomography and optical microscope. Thawing of the frozen samples was subsequently conducted to ...
... Vacuum drying is a preferred drying technology in food industry due to the higher quality of the final products than conventional hot air drying. However, the low drying efficiency significantly limits its application. The low heat transfer and high humidity under vacuum conditions are the main causes for the low drying rate. The present study innovatively focused on dehumidification inside the va ...
... Ambient particulate matter (PM) poses severe environmental health risks to the public globally, and efficient filtration technologies are urgently needed for air ventilation. In this contribution, to overcome the efficiency-resistance trade-off for fibrous filtration, we introduced an electrostatic polydopamine-interface-mediated (e-PIM) filter utilizing a combined effect of particle pre-charging ...
... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major organic pollutants in soil. It is known that they are released to the atmosphere by wind via dust aerosol generation. However, it remains unclear how these pollutants are transferred through the air/soil interface. In this study, dust aerosols were generated in the laboratory using soils (sandy loam and loam) with various physicochemical properties ...
air; air quality; average daily intake; breathing; dosimetry; environment; ingestion; models; products and commodities; respiratory system; tap water; ultrasonics; water quality
Abstract:
... The commonly used consumer product of an ultrasonic humidifier (e.g., cool mist humidifier) emits fine particles containing metals from tap water used to fill the humidifier. The objectives are: 1) predict emitted indoor air inhalable metal concentrations produced by an ultrasonic humidifier filled with tap-water containing As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb in 33 m³ or 72 m³ rooms with varying air exchan ...
air; condensates; models; risk; transportation; China
Abstract:
... Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are typical semi-volatile chemicals (SVOCs) that have been used in copious quantities in indoor material additives. SVOCs distribute dynamically between the gas phase and various condensate phases, especially organic films. Investigating the dynamic behaviors of existing CPs in indoor environments is necessary for understanding their potential risk to humans from indoor ...
air; air pollution; capital; coasts; particulates; shortwave radiation; solar radiation; wind; winter; China; Spain
Abstract:
... The present study evaluates ground-based downward surface shortwave radiation (Rₛ) over the coastal region of Alicante (Southeastern Spain). Hourly measurements collected over the eleven-year period 2010-2020 are used. Two weather stations located over the region capital, Alicante, have been selected as representative of urban and suburban typologies. Two additional weather stations far from the c ...
air; air flow; convection; laminar flow; particle image velocimetry; phase transition; polystyrenes; temperature
Abstract:
... Airflow and heat transfer via natural convection in an insulated box with Phase Change Material (PCM) were experimentally investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and temperature measurements. The effects of PCM positions (side wall and lid) on flow pattern and temperature distribution were studied under empty and loaded conditions. Two loads were considered to study the obstacle effect ...
air; air flow; combustion; energy; ethanol; evolution; fuels; heptane
Abstract:
... Hydrocarbon energy storage has a wide range of applications in modern production and life. Regarded as an important form of energy dissipation, combustion plays an important role in energy storage failure. The possible ignition of adjacent leaked fuel might induce multiple fires burning simultaneous. The present work experimentally characterizes the flame evolution of two adjacent pool fires with ...
air; air pollution; algorithms; cross-sectional studies; environment; gender; glucose; health status; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hypertension; metabolic syndrome; nitrogen dioxide; obesity; odds ratio; particulates; regression analysis; surveys; China
Abstract:
... Evidence concerning the influence of air pollution on metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still limited. We aimed to investigate whether sustained exposure to air pollutants are associated with increased prevalence of MetS and its individual components. We conducted a cross-sectional study comprised of 14,097 individuals participated in the first or third survey of the CHARLS. The personal cumulative (3- ...
... Extractable denuders were designed to collect trace atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds with high volume (38.30 and 200 L/ min) samplers. Denuders were made of multichannel ceramic support coated with sodium silicate and functionalised with phenyl moieties. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and chlor ...
... Forecasting systems are widely used to predict the application of fungicides for managing late blight. However, airborne inoculum has rarely been included in these forecasting systems. Monitoring the sporangia in crop environments may offer an opportunity to improve late blight forecast systems by integrating pathogen pressure. Hence, this experiment aiming to analyze relationships between weather ...
... The development of superhydrophobic adsorbents for the capture of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from humid indoor air is still a challenge. Herein, we reported the formation of a granular zinc-based metal-organic gel, i.e., ZIF-412(gel) by optimizing the synthesis conditions. The thermally stable xerogel exhibited high surface area (1008 m²/g), hydrophobicity, and viscosity for self-depo ...
air; catalysts; catalytic activity; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; electron transfer; oxygen; ozone; pollution; temperature; China
Abstract:
... In recent years, near surface ozone pollution, has attracted more and more attention, which necessitates the development of high efficient and low cost catalysts. In this work, CuO/Cu₂O heterojunctioned catalyst is fabricated by heating Cu₂O at high temperature, and is adopted as ozone decomposition catalyst. The results show that after Cu₂O is heated at 180°C conversion of ozone increases from 75 ...
air; air pollution; electrochemistry; environment; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; greenhouse effect; human health; industry; traffic; volatile organic compounds; China
Abstract:
... The elusive sources of air pollution have hampered effective control across all sectors, with long-term consequences for the greenhouse effect and human health. Multiple monitoring systems have been highly desired for locating the sources. However, when faced with extensive sources, diverse air environments and meteorological conditions, the low spatiotemporal resolution, poor reliability and high ...
... Air pollutants can potentially lead to nitration of allergic proteins, thus promoting sensitization of these allergens. However, little is currently known about the nitration status of house dust mite (HDM) allergens. We identified the occurrence of nitrated products of two major HDM allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 in dust samples collected from college dormitories in eastern China and assessed thei ...
... The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is higher in collective transport than in other public environments. Transport companies require preventive strategies to mitigate airborne risk of contagion which not imply responsible use at the individual level. Air purification systems, such as UV-C or needle-tip bipolar ionization, are attractive alternatives. However, only a few studies addressing the vali ...
air; algorithms; humidity; loess; meteorology; ozone; pollution; summer; temperature; time series analysis; China
Abstract:
... Deterioration of surface ozone (O₃) pollution in Northern China over the past few years received much attention. For many cities, it is still under debate whether the trend of surface O₃ variation is driven by meteorology or the change in precursors emissions. In this work, a time series decomposition method (Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL)) and random forest (RF) algor ...
... Graphite carbon nitride has many excellent properties as a two-dimensional semiconductor material so that it has a wide application prospect in the field of photocatalysis. However, the traditional problems such as high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers limit its application. In this work, we introduce nitrogen deficiency into g-C₃N₄ to solve this problem a simple and safe in-situ redu ...
air; air quality; humans; models; particle size; particulates; relative humidity; temperature; Antarctic region; Antarctica; China
Abstract:
... Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 µm (PM₂.₅), and part ...
Sheng-Po Chen; Cheng-Hsuan (Sarah) Lu; James E. Davies; Chang-Feng Ou-Yang; Neng-Huei Lin; Amy K. Huff; Bradley R. Pierce; Shobha Kondragunta; Jia-Lin Wang
aerosols; air; air quality; biomass; coasts; cost effectiveness; dust; environment; mathematical models; remote sensing; China; Gobi Desert; South East Asia; Taiwan
Abstract:
... A near-real-time (NRT) aerosol forecast and diagnostic approach is developed based on the system of Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications for East Asia, herein denoted as IDEA-EA. The design incorporates a 0.5-degree Global Forecast System (GFS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aerosol and cloud retrievals for meteorological and remote sensing inputs. The pri ...
air; air quality; cold; mathematical models; particulates; pollution; quantitative analysis; troposphere; wind; winter; China
Abstract:
... This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) within the ABL ...
... The mechanical properties of model air/water interfaces covered by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels depend on the microgels deformability or in other words on the amount of cross-linker added during synthesis. The study is carried out by measuring the apparent dilational, the compression and the shear moduli using three complementary methods: (1) the pendant drop method with perturbative area ...
acetaldehyde; acetone; acrolein; air; air quality; environmental hazards; hazard characterization; human health; humans; inhalation exposure; risk; tomatoes; China
Abstract:
... Aldehyde and ketone compounds are ubiquitous in the air and prone to adverse effects on human health. Cooking emission is one of the major indoor sources. Aiming to evaluate health risks associated with inhalation exposure to aldehyde and ketone compounds, 13 carbonyl compounds (CCs) released from heating 5 edible oils, 3 seasonings, and 2 dishes were investigated in a kitchen laboratory. For the ...
air; combustion; energy; flow resistance; fuels; hydrogen; pollutants; temperature
Abstract:
... The hydrogen applicability of current gas turbines designed for traditional fuels needs to be improved. The influence of hydrogen addition to the performance of swirling methane-air combustion has been investigated for a counter-flow combustor. The combustor was simulated under certain swirl intensity for a 100 kW micro gas turbine fuelled by methane–hydrogen mixture. The predicted outlet temperat ...
Lewis bases; air; anodes; batteries; carbon; carbon nanotubes; carbonization; durability; electric potential difference; electrochemistry; energy efficiency; nanoparticles; oxygen production
Abstract:
... Accelerating the sluggish anode reaction in a Zn–air battery can improve its energy efficiency, but the large-scale development of this battery is hindered by the lack of bifunctional catalysts. Herein, we designed a one-step carbonization strategy for synthesizing monodispersed Co nanoparticles supported on N-doped carbon nanotube (Co/CNT), which shows excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic perf ...
Bayesian theory; air; air pollutants; air pollution; biomarkers; blood lipids; blood pressure; coagulation; environment; enzymes; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; homeostasis; inflammation; lipogenesis; metabolomics; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... The cardiometabolic effects of air pollution in the context of mixtures and the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the joint effect of air pollutant mixtures on a broad range of cardiometabolic parameters, examine the susceptibility of obese individuals, and determine the role of circulating fatty acids. In this panel study, metabolically healthy norm ...
World Health Organization; adverse effects; air; air pollution; air pollution control; air quality; ozone; roadsides; China
Abstract:
... Study of Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) and long-term changes of air pollution plays a decisive role in formulating and refining pollution control strategies. In this study, 10-year variations of six major air pollutants were analyzed at seven monitoring sites in Hong Kong. The continuous decrease of annual averaged concentrations of NO₂, SO₂, CO, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ and numbers of days with severe poll ...
aerogels; air; air pollution; cellulose; environmental impact; human health; particulates; wood
Abstract:
... The severe indoor/outdoor air contamination caused by hazardous particulate matters (PMs) has a devastating impact on the environment and human health. Herein, air filters fabricated from delignified wood aerogels and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were used for PM removal. Two specially designed MOFs (i.e. Zn-based ZIF-L and Zr-based UiO-66-NH₂) were deposited into a highly porous wood matrix th ...
... The contagious coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has led to an increasing number of disposable face masks (DFMs) abandoned in the environment, when they are exposed to the air condition, the broken of chemical bond induced aging is inevitably occurred which meantime would cause a drastic decrease of the mechanical flexibility. However, the understanding of between chemical bond change related to a ...
... Airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic size cutoff of 10 µm (PM10) has been collected using a high volume air sampler at two locations (urban and residential) in the city of Ahvaz, Iran, for sixteen 24-hour periods over four months (late summer to early winter). Microplastics (MPs) in the PM were isolated after sample digestion and were subsequently characterised by established techn ...
... In this study, a novel ultra-stable bigel-based foamed emulsion was constructed. The bigels were prepared by mixing xanthan gum (XG) hydrogel and oleogel structured by fatty acid mixtures (stearic acid and myristic acid) in different proportions. The foamed emulsion was prepared by whipping the bigel. The influence of oleogel/hydrogel ratio on the microstructure, rheological properties and thermal ...
Philippines; Singapore; agricultural land; air; air pollution; air quality; environment; exposure assessment; hazard characterization; humans; industry; models; pollutants; population density; risk; socioeconomics; sustainable development; vehicles (equipment); Indonesia; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Air pollution has massive impacts on human life and poor air quality results in three million deaths annually. Air pollution can result from natural causes, including volcanic eruptions and extreme droughts, or human activities, including motor vehicle emissions, industry, and the burning of farmland and forests. Emission sources emit multiple pollutant types with diverse characteristics and impac ...
... To comprehensively investigate the multi-scale characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion, in situ infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized. The samples were pre-oxidized at 70 °C for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h (the raw coal and above samples were named R₀, R₂, R₄, R₆, and R₈), then the secondary oxidation experiments were carried out. The results showed tha ...
Ribes; air; air temperature; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; atmospheric pressure; carbohydrate structure; flavonoids; fruit maturity; fruits; glucose; polysaccharides; shortwave radiation; specific humidity; triterpenoids; xylose; China
Abstract:
... Ribes stenocarpum Maxim. (RSM) is abundant but less known in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, so far, it is still in the wild state and has not been effectively developed and utilized. Based on this, the fruits RSM at seven different picking time were used to quantify the contents of total polysaccharides (TP), total flavonoids (TF), titratable acids (TA), total triterpene acids (TTA), fruit oils (FO) a ...
... Nanozymes are defined as nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme-like properties, and they possess both catalytic functions and nanomaterial's unique physicochemical characteristics. Due to the excellent stability and improved catalytic activity in comparison to natural enzymes, nanozymes have established a wide base for applications in environmental pollutants monitoring and remediation. Nanozymes have b ...
World Health Organization; air; air quality; burden of disease; environment; guidelines; hospitals; lupus erythematosus; nitrogen dioxide; China
Abstract:
... Evidence of both epidemiological and clinical studies exploring the impact of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity have been contradictory. To evaluate the association between short-term NO₂ exposure and length of hospital stay (LOS) and hospital cost of SLE and estimate the burden of disease attributable to NO₂ exposure. We collected health data of SLE ...
Gibbs free energy; air; computer simulation; hexadecane; models; prediction; quantitative structure-activity relationships; regression analysis; support vector machines; van der Waals forces; China
Abstract:
... Predicting the logarithm of hexadecane/air partition coefficient (L) for organic compounds is crucial for understanding the environmental behavior and fate of organic compounds and developing prediction models with polyparameter linear free energy relationships. Herein, two quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed with 1272 L values for the organic compounds by usi ...
air; air flow; asymmetry; combustion; energy; fuels
Abstract:
... This paper aims to investigate the mechanism of the asymmetric jets of the TJI system. We analyzed the effects of fuel injection and air flows in pre-chamber and main chamber, initial flame kernel, and evolution of turbulent hot jets. The evaluation indexes of asymmetric jet were proposed. The results show when adding fuel injection into the homogeneous PC with off-central spark plug, the average ...
acetylene; air; air pollution control; alkenes; aromatic compounds; cities; evaporation; inventories; models; natural gas; oil and gas industry; ozone; solvents; China
Abstract:
... Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and ...
air; economic performance; energy; income; renewable energy sources
Abstract:
... Improving the peak regulation performance of GTCC (gas turbine combined cycle) based CHP (combined heating and power) system helps to increase the renewable energy consumption and increase the profit of the GTCC based CHP system. In this paper, the effects of different compressor inlet air temperatures on both key parameters and the thermal performance and economic performance of the GTCC based CH ...
... Styrene emissions can be treated by physicochemical, biological, or physicochemical/biological means. Due to its low solubility in water an alternative to eliminate styrene emissions from air is the use of two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) which comprised a hydrophobic non-aqueous phase (NAP) which can improve mass transfer of styrene. This study was devoted to prepare and evaluate the ma ...
... The effect of convective hot air and vacuum drying alone and combined with germination on alfalfa seeds’ proximate composition, techno-functional, thermal and structural properties was investigated. Corresponding properties of treated alfalfa samples were compared with those of commercially available alfalfa sprouts. Both drying and combined germination and drying treatments resulted in increased ...
... The extreme alkalinity of bauxite residue (BR) leads to difficulty with its reuse. Alkaline leachate and dust generation during the stacking process can pollute surrounding soil, air and water. In this work, co-pyrolysis of bauxite residue and sawdust was applied to rapidly produce a soil-like matrix that met the conditions for plant growth as demonstrated by ryegrass pot experiments. The present ...
air; case studies; cropland; environment; greenhouses; humans; issues and policy; landfills; livestock; models; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; pollution; population growth; surface water; urbanization; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for life, and also a major element involved in the composition of greenhouse gases, surface water pollutants, air pollutants, etc. Quantifying and evaluating the nitrogen budget of a region is very important for effectively controlling the nitrogen discharge and scientifically managing the nitrogen cycle. In this paper, the urban Rural Complex N Cyclin ...
... Red mud, as a solid waste produced during the alumina production, can cause severe eco-environmental pollution and health risks to human. Therefore, the resourcing of this type of solid waste is an effective way for the sustainable development. This paper reviews the recent progress on red mud-based catalysts for the removal of typical air pollutants, such as the catalytic reduction of nitrogen ox ...
air; atmospheric pressure; human health; humidity; light intensity; oxidation; oxygen; photocatalysis; photolysis; smog pollution; volatile organic compounds; China
Abstract:
... Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have attracted much attention for decades as they are the precursors of photochemical smog and are harmful to the environment and human health. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodegradation is a simple and effective method to decompose VOCs (ranging from tens to hundreds of ppmV) without additional oxidants or catalysts in the air at atmospheric pressure. In this pape ...
... The COVID-19 pandemic remains ever prevalent and afflicting—partially because one of its transmission pathways is aerosol. With the widely used central air conditioning systems worldwide, indoor virus aerosols can rapidly migrate, thus resulting in rapid infection transmission. It is therefore important to install microbial aerosol treatment units in the air conditioning systems, and we herein inv ...
air; air pollution; air quality; decline; particulates; people
Abstract:
... A growing number of studies have shown that impaired visibility caused by particulate matter pollution influences emotional wellbeing. However, evidence is still scant on how this effect varies across individuals and over repetitive visual exposure in a controlled environment. Herein, we designed a lab-based experiment (41 subjects, 6 blocks) where participants were presented with real-scene image ...
... The study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in northeastern Tibetan Plateau with fragile ecological environment and complex atmospheric circulation system is blank. To understand the characteristics and sources of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we monitored levels in the central Qilian Mountain. From 2016 to 2017, we collec ...
... This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and schizophrenia (SCZ)¹1SCZ: schizophrenia., and investigate the susceptible population and the lag characteristics of different pollutants. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Sciences, and CNKI for relevant literature published up to 28 Feb 2022. ...
Bayesian theory; acute exposure; air; air pollution; blood; body mass index; carbon monoxide; inhalation exposure; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; particulates; statistical models; sulfur dioxide; surveys; China
Abstract:
... The short-term impacts of urban air pollution on the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) remain obscure. In this study, we included 3487 urban adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. Individual inhalation exposure to air pollutants was estimated by combining participants' daily breath volume and ambient concentrations of six air pollutants (including fine particulate ...
... The simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers is highly valuable for early environmental monitoring, but it is still a challenge. In this work, a free-standing flexible electrode was prepared for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RC). The bimetallic zinc/cobalt zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanoplate arrays (Zn/Co-ZIF NPAs) grown in situ ...
absorption; air; chocolate; color; cookies; cream; hardness; image analysis; near-infrared spectroscopy; shelf life; storage time; water activity; water content
Abstract:
... Wafer cookies combine two or more layers of wafer sheets with intermediate layers of cream filling and later coating with chocolate. During storage, wafer cookie quality, especially in terms of mechanical properties, is mainly affected by moisture migration from the cream or chocolate and moisture absorption from air. This study aimed to assess the storage of wafer cookies by destructive (water ac ...
... Air ionizers and 222-nm krypton-chlorine (KrCl) excilamp have proven to be effective disinfection apparatus for bacteria and viruses with limited health risks. We determined inactivation efficiencies by operating them individually and in combined modules. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, non-enveloped dsDNA virus, and enveloped dsRNA virus were examined in a designed air disinfection syst ...
... Photo-oxidation with semiconductor photocatalysts provides a sustainable and green solution for NOₓ elimination. Nevertheless, the utilization of traditional photocatalysts in efficient and safe photocatalytic NOₓ removal is still a challenge due to the slow charge kinetic process and insufficient optical absorption. In this paper, we report a novel porous g-C₃N₄ nanosheet photocatalyst modified w ...
AMP-activated protein kinase; Lasiopodomys; air; basal metabolic rate; body temperature; body weight; brown adipose tissue; calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; food intake; heat production; hypothalamus; protein content; thermoregulation; thermosensitivity; transient receptor potential vanilloid channels; white adipose tissue
Abstract:
... Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which can sense temperature, pressure and mechanical stimuli, were involved in many physiological and biochemical reactions. Whether thermosensitive TRP channels (Thermo-TRPs) are involved in thermoregulation in small mammals is still not clear. We measured the changes of thermo-TRPs at 4 °C, 23 °C and 30 °C in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to ...
... Photocatalysts, including titanium dioxide (TiO₂), have attracted much attention in food safety for controlling foodborne pathogens. However, the study of the photocatalytic activity on various food-surrounding media and the factors that affect the efficacy of photocatalytic inactivation is incomplete. In this study, to inactivate foodborne pathogens in food-surrounding environments, TiO₂-based ph ...
COVID-19 infection; air; air pollution; air quality; carbon; environment; mortality; myocardial ischemia; ozone; stroke; China
Abstract:
... China has experienced severe air pollution in the past decade, especially PM₂.₅ and emerging ozone pollution recently. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed long-term population exposure risks to PM₂.₅ and ozone in urban agglomerations of China during 2015–2021 regarding two-stage clean-air actions based on the Ministry of Ecology and the Environment (MEE) air monitoring network. Overall, the ...
... Tree rings form the backbone of high-resolution palaeoclimatology and represent one of the most frequently used proxy to reconstruct climate variability of the Common Era. In the European Alps, reconstructions were often based on tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) series, with a focus on European larch. By contrast, only a very limited number of dendroclimatic studies exists ...
DNA; Escherichia coli; World Health Organization; air; air flow; bioaerosols; cell membranes; hospitals; models; osmotic pressure; relative humidity; research; saliva; urine; wastewater
Abstract:
... The composition and concentration of airborne microorganisms in hospital indoor air has been reported to contain airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations ranged 10¹–10³ CFU/m³ in inpatients facilities which mostly exceed recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO). In this work, a deeper knowledge of the performance of airborne microorganisms would allow improving the designs of the ...
... The complex system of ovalbumin (OVA) was constructed using propylene glycol alginate (PGA), and the mechanism linking pH-driven phase behavior of the complex system to foam performance was studied in this work. According to the pH-driven phase behavior of the OVA-PGA complex system determined by turbidity, three pH levels (pH 3.0: insoluble complex, pH 4.0: soluble complex and pH 7.0: co-soluble) ...
air; automobiles; carbon; carbon dioxide; energy use and consumption; gasoline; greenhouses; laboratory experimentation; traffic; China
Abstract:
... An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption (and/or CO₂ emissions) between real-world and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been ...
aerosols; air; air pollution; basins; climate; dust; issues and policy; relative humidity; river deltas; satellites; wind; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... Understanding the aerosol vertical characterization is of great importance to both climate and atmospheric environment. This study investigated the variations of aerosol profiles over eight regions of interest in China after clean air policy (2013-2019) and discussed the drivers of the vertical aerosol structure, using observations from active satellite measurements (CALIPSO). From the annual vari ...
air; air quality; carbon monoxide; combustion; economic development; electric vehicles; emissions factor; energy conservation; nitrogen; particulates; pollution control; volatile organic compounds; China
Abstract:
... Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅ ...
aerosols; air; environment; models; ozone; photolysis; China
Abstract:
... The impact of aerosols on ozone via influencing photolysis rates is a combined effect of absorbing aerosols (AA) and scattering aerosols (SA). However, AA and SA show different optical properties and influence photolysis rates differently, which then cause different impacts on ozone. Till now, the dominate factor is disconfirmed, which is largely due to the impact of SA on ozone not reaching to a ...
... The effect of dried and UV-C-irradiated mushroom powder on lipid oxidation and vitamin D content in fish meat was investigated. To this end, Flammulina velutipes, Grifola frondosa, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus were dried by hot air and irradiated by UV-C and evaluated the effect of these treatments on the components. In general, the ergothioneine c ...
... Pectin is an important active polysaccharide in the matrix of dried fruit slices. Its components and structural character not only affect the texture but also impact the color of the dried fruit products. Present work studied the variation of pectin fractions of water-soluble (WSP), trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid-soluble (CSP), and sodium carbonate-soluble (NSP) from apple slices dr ...
Apostichopus japonicus; adhesion; air; aquaculture; body weight; defecation; enzyme activity; intestines; summer; survival rate; temperature
Abstract:
... Poor growth greatly reduces the production efficiency of small sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus in summer. The present study found that crawling frequency and tentacle activity frequency of sea cucumbers (~1 g of wet body weight) were significantly lower at 25 °C than those at 16 °C. These results suggest that high temperature greatly decreases fitness-related behavior of small A. japonicus. S ...
air; infrastructure; mass flow; material flow analysis; occupational exposure; public health; soil; toxicity; waste management
Abstract:
... Plastic growing demand and the increment in global plastics production have raised the number of spent plastics, out of which over 90% are either landfilled or incinerated. Both methods for handling spent plastics are susceptible to releasing toxic substances, damaging air, water, soil, organisms, and public health. Improvements to the existing infrastructure for plastics management are needed to ...
air; blood plasma; chemical hazards; environment; humans; risk; risk assessment; space and time; toxicology; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... In the real world, individuals are exposed to chemicals from sources that vary over space and time. However, traditional risk assessments based on in vivo animal studies typically use a chemical-by-chemical approach and apical disease endpoints. New approach methodologies (NAMs) in toxicology, such as in vitro high-throughput (HTS) assays generated in Tox21 and ToxCast, can more readily provide me ...
Ho Young Lee; Hyeon-Ju Kim; Hwa Jung Kim; Geunjoo Na; Youngwon Jang; Soo Han Kim; Na Hyun Kim; Ho Cheol Kim; Young-Jun Park; Hwan Cheol Kim; Young-Kil Yun; Sei Won Lee
air; air pollutants; air pollution; environment; exercise; humidity; information systems; lung function; models; observational studies; public health; temperature; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Air pollution has become a significant public health concern. During exercise, many physiological factors are thought to increase the effects of air pollution. Air pollution most affects lung function and respiratory symptoms. We investigated the association between lung function, respiratory symptoms, and air pollutant concentration with meteorological factors in elite sports athletes. A total of ...
absorption; air; electrophoresis; fluorescence; humans; models; red light; river water; styrene; tap water
Abstract:
... Styrene is a harmful gas widely existing in the air, which can damage human organs. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop a sensitive, portable and simple sensor for monitoring styrene. Herein, we design and fabricate a luminescent Eu@TMA-ME/FTO film (F) through EPD method. F emits bright red light of Eu(III) ions and shows superior fluorescence response to styrene gas as a sensor, which enable ...
air; carbon dioxide; case studies; combustion; environment; inventories; resource allocation; spatial data; transportation industry; China
Abstract:
... Emission inventory plays an important role in designing effective emission control strategies. Currently, there is unbalanced development of CO₂ and air pollutant emission inventories in China and the spatial information of both cannot be obtained simultaneously, which prevents a collaborative control strategy. In this study, we developed a unified emission inventory including both CO₂ and air pol ...
air; air pollutants; air pollution; algorithms; business enterprises; emissions factor; prediction; quantitative analysis; regression analysis; China
Abstract:
... Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and intro ...
... A simple, ultra-sensitive, and super-stable hydrophobic SERS platform for detection of melamine in milk is developed. The hydrophobic SERS platform was constructed via directly growing hydrophobic carbon/silver nanoparticles on glass by in-situ one-step carbonization using hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate as stabilizer and reducing agent. The performances of SERS platform are systematicall ...
... The rise in air temperature in urban areas has been attracting the attention of urban climate researchers for years now, focusing on the intensity of the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Recently, though, it has been rightly questioned whether the concept of UHI intensity is helpful in assessing mitigation of urban heat stress, especially since the concept does not reflect the spatial ...
... A thermodynamically based theoretical analysis of bubble formation on hot heat-exchanger wall surfaces in systems for continuous indirect thermal treatment of milk was performed. Whereas previous research on bubble-related fouling has been experimental with just hypothesis about mechanisms behind the impact of bubble formation on fouling, this research contribute with a novel theoretical anadlysis ...
... Eolian activity determines the magnitude of dust emission. However, geological records of eolian activity are scarce due to strong wind erosion in the dust source areas. Northern Xinjiang is recognized as a major dust source region in arid central Asia. Here we present a lacustrine record of eolian activity over the past 1600 years from Jili Lake, in northern Xinjiang, which acts a natural trap fo ...
... Aspergillus exposure causes an increase in aflatoxin (AF) levels among exposed workers thereby increasing their risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study attempted to determine the presence of airborne aflatoxigenic fungi in environment of waste water treatment plant (WWTP); and study the hepatic cancer risks among exposed workers, emphasizing the role of glutathione S-transfer ...