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1. Anatomical, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of cavum nasi of the common quails (Coturnix coturnix. Erlangeri)

Author:
Walaa Abdelwahab Abdeghani Basha; Sameh Mohamed Farouk; Said Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2022 v.51 no.4 pp. 468-476
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Coturnix coturnix; beak; epithelium; histology; keratinization; nasal cavity; quails
Abstract:
... Ten normal, mature and common quails were used to study in detail the gross anatomy, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity. The relationship between the structure and function of the nasal cavity also were assessed. The quail nasal cavity was divided into the vestibule, nasal cavity proper and fundus. The nasal cavity began rostrally by two slit‐like externa ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12808

2. Beak Microstructure Estimates of the Age, Growth, and Population Structure of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) in the Xisha Islands Waters of the South China Sea

Author:
Ziyue Chen; Huajie Lu; Wei Liu; Kai Liu; Xinjun Chen
Source:
Fishes 2022 v.7 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2410-3888
Subject:
autumn; beak; body weight; linear models; microstructure; population structure; squid; South China Sea
Abstract:
... This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an upper beak microstructure to estimate the age of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). From these microstructures, the age and growth of squid caught from January to March and May to August in 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the waters surrounding the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea were determined. We found three typical growth ...
DOI:
10.3390/fishes7040187

3. Centromeres organize (epi)genome architecture

Author:
Paul Talbert; Steven Henikoff
Source:
Cell 2022 v.185 no.17 pp. 3083-3085
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
Rhynchospora; beak; centromeres; epigenome; evolution; genomics; karyotyping; loci; microtubules; mitosis
Abstract:
... In some plants and animals, microtubules attach across the length of the chromosome in mitosis, forming a holocentromere instead of a single centromeric locus. A new study in Cell shows that in the holocentric beak sedge Rhynchospora, holocentromeres also impact genomic architecture, epigenome organization, and karyotype evolution. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.022

4. Characteristics of the Seed Germination and Seedlings of Six Grape Varieties (V. vinifera)

Author:
Zhi-Lei Wang; Miao Hui; Xue-Qing Shi; Dong Wu; Ying Wang; Xing Han; Xiao Cao; Fei Yao; Hua Li; Hua Wang
Source:
Plants 2022 v.11 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
acetic acid; beak; beans; drought tolerance; germplasm; grapes; intraspecific hybridization; recurrent selection; seed germination; seedlings
Abstract:
... Intraspecific recurrent selection in V. vinifera is an effective method for breeding of high quality, disease-, cold-, and drought-resistance grapes. Exploring the optimal treatment methods for grape (V. vinifera) seeds can help to accelerate the process of intraspecific recurrent selection and improve breeding efficiency. In this study, seeds of six V. vinifera varieties were used as experimental ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants11040479

5. Characterizing two novel goose parvoviruses with different origins

Author:
Jie Zhu; Yi Yang; Xiaohui Zhang; Bixia Chen; Guanxing Liu; Endong Bao
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. 2952-2962
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Cairina moschata; Muscovy; amino acids; beak; cytopathogenicity; ducks; fibroblasts; geese; genome; genomics; growth and development; lethal dose; mortality; nucleotides; phylogeny; viral load; China
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of short beak dwarf syndrome caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) have been prevalent in China since 2015, resulting in a high mortality rate of ducks. Herein we evaluated differences between two NGPV strains: Muscovy duck‐origin (AH190917‐RP: MD17) and Cherry Valley duck‐origin (JS191021‐RP: CVD21) NGPV. Both of them showed certain level of pathogenicity to primary duck embryo fibrob ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14453

6. Comparative genomics and selection analysis of Yeonsan Ogye black chicken with whole-genome sequencing

Author:
Youngbum Cho; Jae-Yoon Kim; Namshin Kim
Source:
Genomics 2022 v.114 no.2 pp. 110298
ISSN:
0888-7543
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; beak; chickens; eggs; genetic variation; genome; genomics; heat-shock protein 90; innate immunity; phosphoproteins; plumage; purinergic receptors; ribonucleases; tumor suppressor proteins; viability; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Yeonsan Ogye (OGYE; Gallus gallus domesticus) is a rare indigenous chicken breed that inhabits the Korean Peninsula. This breed has completely black coloring, including plumage, skin, eyes, beak, and internal organs. Despite these unique morphological characteristics, the population of OGYE has declined without in-depth research into their genome research. Therefore, this study aimed to compare th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110298

7. Comparison of 3D-printed Titanium Alloy and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Beaks for an Injured Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)

Author:
Chen Rong; Deng Changlin; Wang Guodong; Li Meirong; Wang Shujie; Liu Hongyi; Zhu Menglin; Lu Chengping
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2022 v.35 no.4 pp. 445-450
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Grus japonensis; alloys; beak; birds; color; endangered species; firmness; medicine; microstructure; prostheses; surgery; titanium
Abstract:
... The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is a critically endangered species. Three-dimensional–printed prosthetic beaks made of titanium alloy and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used to repair the beak of a red-crowned crane that had a complete fracture of the anterior maxillary bone and rhinotheca. The physical properties and stability of the prostheses and changes in the crane's behaviors aft ...
DOI:
10.1647/19-00031

8. Developing a novel welfare assessment tool for loose-housed laying hens – the Aviary Transect method

Author:
Guro Vasdal; Joanna Marchewka; Ruth C. Newberry; Inma Estevez; Kathe Kittelsen
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.1 pp. 101533
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
aviaries; beak; breasts; eggs; farms; flocks; mortality; tail; welfare assessment
Abstract:
... This study compared welfare assessment results in aviary flocks using 3 approaches: 1) A novel Aviary Transect method, 2) AssureWel, and 3) the Norwegian farm advisors’ NorWel method. The Aviary Transect time requirement, interobserver reliability, and within- and across-house sensitivity to detect welfare indicators were also evaluated. The study was conducted on 6 randomly chosen commercial whit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101533

9. Diet, feeding behaviour and echidna beaks: a review of functional relationships within the tachyglossids

Author:
Stewart C. Nicol
Source:
Australian mammalogy 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 39-50
ISSN:
0310-0049
Subject:
Zaglossus; beak; diet; islands; mammalogy; museums; semiarid zones; skull; Tasmania
Abstract:
... Echidnas are commonly known as ‘spiny ant-eaters’, but long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus spp.) do not eat ants, whereas short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) eat other invertebrates as well as ants. The differences in skull morphology between short- and long-beaked echidnas are related to the differences in their diets, and I tested the hypothesis that there would be differences in beak len ...
DOI:
10.1071/AM20053

10. Dynamic trait-niche relationships shape niche partitioning across habitat transformation gradients

Author:
Emilio Pagani-Núñez; Dan Liang; Chao He; Yang Liu; Xu Luo; Eben Goodale
Source:
Basic and applied ecology 2022 v.59 pp. 59-69
ISSN:
1439-1791
Subject:
Passeriformes; aggression; applied ecology; beak; body size; population density
Abstract:
... Multidimensional approaches examining complex trait-niche relationships are crucial to understand community assembly. This is particularly important across habitat transformation gradients because specialists are progressively substituted by generalists and, despite increasing functional homogenization, in both specialist and generalist communities niche partitioning is apparent. Here, in line wit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.baae.2022.01.002

11. The Effect of Hard Pecking Enrichment during Rear on Feather Cover, Feather Pecking Behaviour and Beak Length in Beak-Trimmed and Intact-Beak Laying Hen Pullets

Author:
Paula Elizabeth Baker; Christine Janet Nicol; Claire Alexandra Weeks
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; genetic selection; plumage
Abstract:
... Injurious pecking, commonly controlled by beak trimming (BT), is a widespread issue in laying hens associated with thwarted foraging. This controlled study compared the effect in intact and beak-trimmed pullets of providing pecking pans to eight treatment flocks from six weeks of age. Flocks (mean size 6843) comprised eight British Blacktail, six Lohmann Brown and two Bovans Brown. All young birds ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12060674

12. Effect of beak trimming at hatch and the inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract traits of brown-egg pullets from hatch to 15 weeks of age

Author:
J. Ben-Mabrouk; G.G. Mateos; A.F. de Juan; L. Aguirre; L. Cámara
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.9 pp. 102044
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; cages; diet; digestive tract; energy conversion; energy intake; experimental design; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding preferences; gizzard; growth performance; mortality; oats; particle size; pullets
Abstract:
... The influence of infrared beak trimming at hatch (IRBT) and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, was studied in brown-egg pullets from 0 to 15 wk of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with IRBT (sham vs. treat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102044

13. Effects of feed trough positioning height on growth performance, feed loss, feeding environment, and behavior of geese

Author:
X.F. Huang; J.J. Xue; Z.L. Liu; Y. Chen; Y. Luo; Q.G. Wang; C. Wang
Source:
Poultry science 2022 pp. 102179
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; beak; blood; growth performance; hygiene; males; poultry science
Abstract:
... In the traditional feeding pattern of geese, the feed trough will be placed on the ground for a long time and hurts the living environment. This research aimed to investigate the effect of 4 different feed trough positioning heights on growth performance, blood parameters, feed loss, water consumption, feeding environment, and behavior of geese and determine the optimal trough positioning height f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102179

14. Epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia (Asteraceae)

Author:
Duilio Iamonico; Paola Fortini; Romeo Di Pietro
Source:
Taxon 2022 v.71 no.1 pp. 207-209
ISSN:
0040-0262
Subject:
Crepis; achenes; beak; lectotypes; Corsica; Malta; Sicily
Abstract:
... The epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia is discussed. An illustration from Boccone's Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania was correctly designated as lectotype by Jiménez López & al. in 2013 according to Art. 7.11 of the ICN. However, this image lacks some of the important characters required for a critical identification of the specie ...
DOI:
10.1002/tax.12592

15. Every hooked beak is maintained by a prey: Ecological signal in cephalopod beak shape

Author:
Marjorie Roscian; Anthony Herrel; Paul Zaharias; Raphaël Cornette; Vincent Fernandez; Isabelle Kruta; Yves Cherel; Isabelle Rouget
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.8 pp. 2015-2028
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
Cephalopoda; beak; diet; habitat preferences; micro-computed tomography; morphometry; photogrammetry; phylogeny; species identification; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Beaks are among the few hard parts of coleoid cephalopods and are informative for species identification. Although mandible shape has been shown to be adaptive in many vertebrate taxa, it has been suggested that the shape of coleoid beaks does not bear any ecological signal. Yet, previous studies only explored beak shape in 2D and none have provided an in‐depth investigation of the potential relat ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14098

16. Experimentally reduced feather microbial loads improve reproductive performance in captive Zebra Finches

Author:
Nancy Tyler Burley; Felipe Azevedo Campos; Emilie Chien; Shauna Duarte; Nathalie Kirshman; Alison Thuy Tien N. Phan; Kerianne M. Wilson
Source:
The auk 2022 v.139 no.3 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
2732-4613
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; birds; clutch size; color; evolution; flight; laboratory experimentation; microbiome; models; mortality; phenotype; plumage; progeny; reproductive performance; uropygial gland; yeasts
Abstract:
... We performed a laboratory experiment on caged, domesticated Australian Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) to assess the effects of antimicrobial treatment applied to birds' plumage on the feather microbial loads of breeding pairs and their associated reproductive performance. Treatments included an experimental group that experienced frequent misting with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial ...
DOI:
10.1093/ornithology/ukac021

17. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Kidney Bean in China

Author:
YaZhong Jin; YaNan Xiong; ChangJian Xu; JinLi Ren; YongXia Guo; YuHu Zuo; YouLi Zhang; XueQing Geng
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1531
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Phaseolus vulgaris; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; disease incidence; dry beans; ethanol; green beans; growth chambers; industry; internal transcribed spacers; kidney beans; leaf spot; leaves; mesophyll; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; relative humidity; risk; sequence analysis; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), also known as common bean, dry bean, or French bean, is one of the most valuable and highly nutritious legume crops cultivated and consumed worldwide (Blair et al. 2012; Choudhary et al. 2018). It is an important edible food and one of the most economically important vegetable crops in China. It is widely grown in Heilongjiang Province in China. In July 2020, l ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-09-21-2000-PDN

18. First Report of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Black Spot on Pecan in China

Author:
Lichun Yan; Xin Yang; Zhuangwei Wang; Haijun Zhu; Yaming Qian; Weimin Wu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.6 pp. 1748
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria tenuissima; Carya illinoinensis; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; culture media; disease incidence; ethanol; fruits; genes; germplasm; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; histones; humidity; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; pecans; peptide elongation factors; ribosomal DNA; rifampicin; sodium hypochlorite; trees; vigor; China
Abstract:
... China is one of the largest markets for pecan (Carya illinoinensis) consumption in the world, and pecan production in China has increased since 2008 (Zhang et al. 2015). From July to September 2019 and 2020, leaf black spot was observed on several pecan cultivars, including Pawnee, Burkett, Kiowa, and Western Schley, in the germplasm in Liuhe County, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Disease incid ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0757-PDN

19. First Report of Black Spot on Ophiopogon japonicus Caused by Alternaria alternata in Zhejiang Province, China

Author:
Yiwen Xu; Zhenyan Cao; Yihua Yang; Jintian Tang; Yang Song; Xuping Shentu; Xiaoping Yu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.1 pp. 330
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Ophiopogon japonicus; adenosinetriphosphatase; air; allergens; beak; cardioprotective effect; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; discoloration; ethanol; genes; histones; hyphae; ingredients; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; medicinal plants; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; plasma membrane; relative humidity; sequence analysis; steroid saponins; China
Abstract:
... Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is widely cultured in China. The root of O. japonicus is used as the main ingredient in many prescriptions. It is rich in chemical components for steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids, and polysaccharides, which have various pharmacological activities, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, and antidiabete ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1188-PDN

20. First Report of Fusarium lateritium Causing Shoot Dieback of Acer negundo in Europe

Author:
Katarzyna Patejuk; Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska; Kamil Najberek; Wojciech Pusz
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1519
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Acer negundo; DNA; Fusarium lateritium; bark; beak; biological control; chlamydospores; chlorosis; conidia; culture media; databases; dieback; discoloration; domestication; environmental hazards; ethanol; flora; genotyping; hyphae; introduced species; invasive species; microscopy; mycelium; pathogenicity; roadsides; sapwood; sporodochia; wood; North America; Poland
Abstract:
... Boxelder (Acer negundo) is a tree native to North America. In Europe it is considered a dangerous invasive species, and assigned to the highest (fourth) category of environmental hazard (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012). The tree can threaten a wide range of ecosystems and compete with the native flora. Shoot dieback was observed on 20% of boxelder in July 2018 and 2019 in Bryzgiel (N53°59.963′ E23°04. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1294-PDN

21. First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria brassicae on Orychophragmus violaceus in China

Author:
N. Qian; Y. H. Wu; C. L. Feng; G. Z. Zhang; X. L. Lu; W. S. Zhao
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.1 pp. 320
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; DNA; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Orychophragmus violaceus; agar; beak; color; conidia; culture media; fawns; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; green manures; greenhouses; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; mildews; mycelium; ornamental plants; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; statistical analysis; China
Abstract:
... Orychophragmus violaceus, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is widely grown in many provinces of China as an ornamental plant and also as a green manure crop. In December 2019, field investigations showed that a leaf spot disease occurred on O. violaceus in three fields with 50 to 80% incidence (50 plants in each field were investigated) in Huize City, Yunnan Province of China. Infected leaves ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0767-PDN

22. First Report of Leaf Spots Caused by Alternaria alternata on Aquilegia flabellata in Italy

Author:
A. Garibaldi; D. Bertetti; G. Tabone; M. L. Gullino
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.10 pp. 2753
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Aquilegia flabellata; DNA; Eragrostis tef; autumn; beak; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; cut flowers; discoloration; disease incidence; fungi; genes; greenhouses; hyphae; leaves; necrosis; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; polygalacturonase; sodium hypochlorite; spring; Italy
Abstract:
... Fan columbine (Aquilegia flabellata), in the Ranunculaceae family, is used both in mixed borders for gardening and for cut flower production. During spring 2021, 3-month-old potted plants of A. flabellata growing in a glasshouse of the Agroinnova Centre (Grugliasco, Torino province, Northern Italy), showed irregular, brown discolorations spread over a large part of the leaf surface and petioles an ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-21-1421-PDN

23. First pod record of Mucuna (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) from the late Miocene of the Yen Bai Basin, northern Vietnam

Author:
Hung Ba Nguyen; Jian Huang; Truong Van Do; Lin-Bo Jia; Hoa Mai Thi Nguyen; Hung Dinh Doan; Shu-Feng Li; Zhe-Kun Zhou; Tao Su
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2022 v.298 pp. 104592
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Miocene epoch; Mucuna; basins; beak; biogeography; center of diversity; fossils; paleobotany; palynology; phylogeny; tropics; Vietnam
Abstract:
... The genus Mucuna Adans. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) contains approximately 105 extant species. It is widely distributed in pantropical areas, with its center of diversity located in Asia. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses investigated the historical biogeography of the genus; however, a lack of fossil evidence has limited a fuller understanding of the genus. Here, we present the first macrofos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104592

24. Functional traits and foraging behaviour: Avian vampire fly larvae change the beak and fitness of their Darwin's finch hosts

Author:
Sonia Kleindorfer; Diane Colombelli‐Négrel; Lauren K. Common; Jody A. O'Connor; Katharina J. Peters; Andrew C. Katsis; Rachael Y. Dudaniec; Frank J. Sulloway; Nicolas M. Adreani
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.7 pp. 1806-1817
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
Geospiza; abnormal development; adulthood; adults; bark; beak; blood; body condition; insectivores; instars; keratin; leaves; nose; parasitism; phenotype; trees
Abstract:
... The avian beak is a key morphological trait used for foraging. If parasites alter beak shape, we may expect changes in host foraging behaviour. Larvae of the avian vampire fly Philornis downsi cause naris enlargement in Darwin's finch nestlings when first and second instar larvae consume keratin, blood and tissue from inside the beak of the developing host. This naris malformation persists into ad ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14061

25. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Encoding Beak Color of Duck

Author:
Qixin Guo; Yong Jiang; Zhixiu Wang; Yulin Bi; Guohong Chen; Hao Bai; Guobin Chang
Source:
Genes 2022 v.13 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
beak; color; genome-wide association study; genotyping; melanin; phenotype; pigmentation; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Beak color diversity is a broadly occurring phenomenon in birds. Here, we used ducks to identify candidate genes for yellow, black, and spotted beaks. For this, an F₂ population consisting of 275 ducks was genotyped using whole genome resequencing containing 12.6 M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three beak colors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was used to identify the candidat ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes13071271

26. Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity

Author:
Emma C. Hughes; David P. Edwards; Jen A. Bright; Elliot J.R. Capp; Christopher R. Cooney; Zoë K. Varley; Gavin H. Thomas
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 598-610
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; birds; geographical distribution; morphometry; museums; phenotypic variation; species richness; variance
Abstract:
... Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13905

27. Gross Anatomical Features of Tongue of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) At Different Postnatal Ages

Author:
Papia Khatun; Shonkor Kumar Das
Source:
Ukrainian journal of veterinary and agricultural sciences 2022 v.5 no.1 pp. 17-23
ISSN:
2617-6149
Subject:
Khaki Campbell; beak; ducks; ethics; larynx; oropharynx; tongue
Abstract:
... The present study aims to investigate the gross morphological structure of the tongue of the khaki Campbell duck at different postnatal ages. The ducks were from four age groups (A total of 25 ducks): day one (1), one (1) month, two (2) months, three (3) months, and four (4) months, having five ducks in each group. The tongues were collected immediately after the ethical killing of the birds for g ...
DOI:
10.32718/ujvas5-1.03

28. Immunogenicity of an inactivated novel goose parvovirus vaccine for short beak and dwarfism syndrome in Cherry Valley ducks

Author:
Jiewen Zhou; Chuanfeng Li; Aoxing Tang; Hang Li; Zhaorong Yu; Zongyan Chen; Xin Guo; Guangqing Liu
Source:
Archives of virology 2022 v.167 no.3 pp. 881-889
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; absorbance; adjuvants; beak; blood serum; death; ducks; dwarfing; emulsions; excretion; immunogenicity; inactivated vaccines; industry; infectious diseases; morbidity; oils; vaccination; viral load; viremia; virology; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) is a viral infectious disease caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), which has been responsible for serious economic losses to the Chinese duck industry in recent years. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against this disease. In this study, we developed an inactivated virus vaccine candidate for SBDS based on NGPV strain DS15 isolated from a du ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-021-05352-z

29. Intrinsically disordered BMP4 morphogen and the beak of the finch: Co-option of an ancient axial patterning system

Author:
Prakash Kulkarni; Atish Mohanty; Ravi Salgia; Vladimir N. Uversky
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2022 v.219 pp. 366-373
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
DNA; beak; bone morphogenetic proteins; epigenetics; erythrocytes; evolutionary adaptation; methylation; natural selection; phenotype; phenotypic variation; progeny; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Darwin's finches, with the primary diversity in the shape and size of their beaks, represent an excellent model system to study speciation and adaptive evolution. It is generally held that evolution depends on the natural selection of heritable phenotypic variations originating from the genetic mutations. However, it is now increasingly evident that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.203

30. Invasive Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Infection in Canaries

Author:
Arda S Tunç; Bülent Baş; Osman Kutsal
Source:
Journal of comparative pathology 2022 v.196 pp. 11-15
ISSN:
0021-9975
Subject:
Annelida; Scopulariopsis; beak; conidia; conidiophores; flocks; fungi; histopathology; hyphae; lungs; mycoses; necropsy; saprophytes; soil
Abstract:
... Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a soil saprophyte, is the most common dermatomycotic mould and causes deep fungal infection. Ten canaries died in a flock of 200 and, at necropsy, S. brevicaulis was isolated from lung and beak samples. Macroscopically, the colonies were flat, velvety or powdery, white, tan, dark brown, grey or black. Microscopically, the isolated fungus had hyaline and septate hyphae, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.06.002

31. Isolation and identification of Tussilago farfara leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata in China

Author:
Yidan Wang; Chengde Yang; Mengjun Jin; Jianxin Zhong; Dahai Mei; Xingyin Wei; Hongfulianhua Wang
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2022 v.172 pp. 105750
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Tussilago farfara; allergens; beak; calcium; color; conidia; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; pathogens; phenotype; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Tussilago farfara is of vital medical value. A new leaf spot disease was observed on T. farfara leaves, in Dingxi, Gansu Province, China, in October 2019. In order to research the pathogen, the diseased samples were collected for isolation and identification. The isolate KD3 was verified by pathogenicity test, as the pathogen causing the T. farfara leaf spot disease. Its morphological characterist ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105750

32. Multimodality during live tutoring is relevant for vocal learning in zebra finches

Author:
Judith M. Varkevisser; Ezequiel Mendoza; Ralph Simon; Maëva Manet; Wouter Halfwerk; Constance Scharff; Katharina Riebel
Source:
Animal behaviour 2022 v.187 pp. 263-280
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; humans; juveniles; songbirds; vocalization; zebras
Abstract:
... In many songbird species, young birds learn their song from adult conspecifics. Like much animal communication, birdsong is multimodal: singing is accompanied by beak and body movements. We hypothesized that these visual cues could enhance vocal learning thus partly explaining the reduced learning from unimodal audio playbacks compared to multimodal live social tutoring observed in many birdsong s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.013

33. Northeastern Pacific Octopus Beak Shape for Species-Level Detection

Author:
Mariana Díaz-Santana-Iturrios; Viridiana Zepeda-Benitez; Renata Pacheco-Ovando; Claudio F. Cornejo; José Miguel Cerda; César Augusto Salinas-Zavala; Jasmín Granados-Amores
Source:
Malacologia 2022 v.64 no.2 pp. 169-184
ISSN:
0076-2997
Subject:
Octopodidae; beak; habitats; morphometry
Abstract:
... Cephalopods have upper and lower chitinous beaks, and their shape can be used to identify species. However, the morphological attributes of beaks are commonly obtained from sources that contain little information on shape, compromising the determination of taxa. Thus, in this study, we used geometric morphometrics to analyze inter-specific differences in beak shape of six octopus species from the ...
DOI:
10.4002/040.064.0202

34. Nutrient balance and energy‐acquisition effectiveness: Do birds adjust their fruit diet to achieve intake targets?

Author:
Pedro G. Blendinger; Tobias N. Rojas; Andrés F. Ramírez‐Mejía; Irene M. A. Bender; Silvia Lomáscolo; Julieta Magro; M. Gabriela Núñez Montellano; Román A. Ruggera; Mariana Valoy; Mariano Ordano
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.10 pp. 2649-2660
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
beak; birds; ecology; energy intake; food handling; food intake; fruits; geometry; models; nutrient balance; nutrient content; Andes region
Abstract:
... According to diet‐regulation hypotheses, animals select food to regulate the intake of macronutrients or maximise energy feeding efficiency. Specifically, the nutrient balance model proposes that foraging is primarily a process of balancing multiple nutrients to achieve a nutritional intake target, while the energy maximisation model proposes that foraging aims to maximise energy. Here, we evaluat ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14164

35. Occurrence of Leaf Spot Caused by Mycocentrospora acerina on Japanese Ginseng (Panax japonicus) in China

Author:
Jingmao You; Tao Tang; Fanfan Wang; Jie Guo; Yuanyuan Duan; Xiaoliang Guo
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.6 pp. 1754
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Mycocentrospora acerina; Oriental traditional medicine; Panax japonicus; Sphagnum; alcohols; ampicillin; beak; chlamydospores; conidiophores; culture media; fields; fungi; genes; greenhouses; hyphae; inflammation; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; lighting; medicinal plants; mycelium; relative humidity; ribosomes; sodium hypochlorite; vermiculite; China
Abstract:
... Panax japonicus C. A. Mey., known as Japanese ginseng or “Zhujieshen” in China, is a perennial medicinal herb (family Araliaceae) native to China and is widely grown in many provinces including Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan. In recent years, cultivation of Japanese ginseng has increased tremendously in China because of its high value. Its root is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the tre ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1718-PDN

36. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of beak and feather disease virus epidemiology and its implications for the international exotic bird trade

Author:
Giovanni Franzo; William G. Dundon; Mari De Villiers; Lourens De Villiers; Lauren M. Coetzee; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; Umberto Molini
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. e2677
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittacidae; abnormal development; beak; biodiversity; birds; claws; databases; endangered species; genes; necrosis; phylogeography; population size; risk; trade; virus transmission; Namibia
Abstract:
... Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infects domestic and wild psittacine species and is able to cause progressive beak, claw and feather malformation and necrosis. In addition to having an impact on the health and welfare of domesticated birds, BFDV represents a significant threat to wild endangered species. Understanding the epidemiology, dynamics, viral migration rate, interaction between wild ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14618

37. Phylogenetic Study of Alternaria Potato and Tomato Pathogens in Russia

Author:
Lyudmila Yu. Kokaeva; Maria M. Yarmeeva; Zarema G. Kokaeva; Elena M. Chudinova; Petr N. Balabko; Sergey N. Elansky
Source:
Diversity 2022 v.14 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Alternaria; Russia; beak; blight; conidia; genes; phylogeny; potatoes; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Early blight (EB) is a destructive disease affecting potato and tomato plants in Russia, caused by a heterogeneous group of plant pathogenic Alternaria fungi. The current species delimitation in Alternaria sect. Porri with medium to large conidia and a long (filamentous) beak is based on molecular data. In this study, the ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1, and Alt a 1 gene regions were analyzed in 41 large-s ...
DOI:
10.3390/d14080685

38. Plumage damage and back skin lesions in laying hens with untrimmed beak depend on rearing of pullets and genetics

Author:
E. Gernand; C. Ahlers; M. Huchler; K. Donat
Source:
British poultry science 2022 v.63 no.3 pp. 274-282
ISSN:
1466-1799
Subject:
barns; beak; cannibalism; cloaca; plumage; risk
Abstract:
... 1. Within a triennial project, 34 layer flocks with untrimmed beaks were examined regularly throughout the laying period to broaden knowledge on the occurrence and development of severe feather pecking and cannibalism, as well as on factors influencing this non-desirable behaviour. 2. Flocks involved 850 to 27,183 hens of seven different genetics, kept in a barn or on free-range systems. Damage to ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071668.2021.1975259

39. Podocarpium (Fabaceae) from the late Eocene of central Tibetan Plateau and its biogeographic implication

Author:
Wei-Cheng Li; Jian Huang; Lin-Lin Chen; Robert A. Spicer; Shu-Feng Li; Jia Liu; Yi Gao; Fei-Xiang Wu; Alex Farnsworth; Paul J. Valdes; Zhe-Kun Zhou; Tao Su
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2022 v.305 pp. 104745
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Eocene epoch; Fabaceae; Pliocene epoch; basins; beak; fossils; geographical distribution; geometry; latitude; paleobotany; paleoecology; palynology; China; Eurasia; Europe
Abstract:
... Podocarpium is an extinct genus in Fabaceae with rich fossil records in Eurasia dating back to the Eocene. However, the diversification and biogeographic histories of Podocarpium are poorly known due to a lack of fossils in some key regions, such as the Tibetan Plateau, an area recently shown to be crucial for floristic exchanges worldwide in the geological past. Here, we describe well-preserved f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104745

40. The Potential of Understory Production Systems to Improve Laying Hen Welfare

Author:
Shaocong Yan; Chenyujing Yang; Lei Zhu; Yongji Xue
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.17 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
European Union; agroforestry; animal welfare; beak; cages; drugs; dust bathing; fearfulness; hens; management systems; organic foods; organic production; parasitism; predation; understory; woodlands; China
Abstract:
... The welfare of laying hens in cage systems is of increasing concern. Represented by the European Union’s ‘End the Cage Age’ initiative, more and more countries have advocated cage-free farming. China, an important country for poultry farming and consumption in the world, is highly dependent on cage systems and lacks confidence in alternative (e.g., free-range) systems. In this context, using China ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12172305

41. Prevalence of tomato early blight disease in Tamilnadu and morpho-cultural characterization of Alternaria solani isolates

Author:
G. Mahalakshmi; L. Vengadeshkumar; T. Meera
Source:
Plant disease research 2022 v.37 no.1 pp. 58-63
ISSN:
2249-8788
Subject:
Alternaria solani; beak; blight; conidia; disease incidence; pigmentation; research; sporulation; surveys; tomatoes; India
Abstract:
... The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the prevalence and incidence of tomato early blight disease at different locations in five districts of Tamilnadu, India during 2016. The growth characters and pathogenic variability among the isolates of Alternaria solani were recorded. The survey revealed that the per cent disease index ranged from 12.52 to 34.72 per cent among five tom ...
DOI:
10.5958/2249-8788.2022.00010.5

42. The Relationship between Animal Welfare and Farm Profitability in Cage and Free-Range Housing Systems for Laying Hens in China

Author:
Shuai He; Jiao Lin; Qiongyu Jin; Xiaohan Ma; Zhongying Liu; Hui Chen; Ji Ma; Huancheng Zhang; Kris Descovich; Clive J. C. Phillips; Kate Hartcher; Zhonghong Wu
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.16 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
animal welfare; beak; cages; egg production; eggs; farm profitability; farms; food quality; hens; human-animal relations; income; mites; parasites; poultry industry; trade; welfare assessment; China
Abstract:
... Several countries and regions have regulations in place to provide standards for the welfare of production animals, which have implications for breeding, management and trade. In the chicken egg production industry, the welfare impacts of this are not well understood. In the past decades, free-range systems were widely used for local chicken breeds in poultry industry in China, but their use has g ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12162090

43. Specialized beak blunting feeders and their potential as an alternative to current beak treatment methods in leghorn pullets

Author:
S. Struthers; K. Buchynski; J. Chew; S. Gomis; E. Herwig; T. Shynkaruk; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2022 v.31 no.4 pp. 100285
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
beak; body weight; broiler breeders; cannibalism; decline; mortality; research
Abstract:
... There is pressure to ban the practice of using beak treatment in laying hens and with this comes the need to find viable alternatives. Natural beak blunting by the inclusion of abrasive materials in the feeder has been suggested as an alternative, but its applicability to leghorn pullets and laying hens is not fully understood. This study investigated if a specialized feeding system that has been ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.japr.2022.100285

44. Use of acrylic resin prostheses in the treatment of rhinothecal fractures

Author:
Maria Ângela Panelli Marchio; Thaís Vendramini Magalhães; Bruno Watanabe Minto; Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2022 v.53 no.2 pp. 480-484
ISSN:
1937-2825
Subject:
Amazona; beak; biomechanics; bone resorption; hawks; malnutrition; orthopedics; prostheses; roadsides; wildlife; zoos
Abstract:
... This report describes the use of synthetic acrylic resin prostheses in five birds with rhinothecal fracture. Satisfactory biomechanical and clinical results were obtained in all cases, enabling early return to function of the beak. The patients, a roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris; case 1), a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus; case 2), two turquoise-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva; cases 3 and ...
DOI:
10.1638/2021-0094

45. VP2 virus‐like particles elicit protective immunity against duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks

Author:
Shifeng Xiao; Shao Wang; Dandan Jiang; Xiaoxia Cheng; Xiaoli Zhu; Fengqiang Lin; Bo Yu; Hui Dong; Xiuzhen Wang; Muhammad Munir; Mohammed A. Rohaim; Shilong Chen; Shaoying Chen
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.2 pp. 570-578
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; agglutination; beak; ducklings; dwarfing; fluorescent antibody technique; latex; neutralization; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; progeny; protein synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; vaccines; viruses
Abstract:
... Duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), an emerging goose parvovirus, has caused short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in Chinese duck flocks since 2015. Presently, there is no commercial vaccine against SBDS. In the present study, a virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based candidate vaccine was developed against this disease. A baculovirus expression system was used to express the SBDSV ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14021

46. Viromic analysis of feces from laboratory rabbits reveals a new Circovirus

Author:
Song-Yi Ning; Yu-Qing Xiao; Yu-Chen Qian; Zhang-Hao Feng; Zi-Yuan Dai; Wen Zhang; Hao Wang; Yuan-Jie Tang
Source:
Virus research 2022 v.319 pp. 198861
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; feces; metagenomics; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; research; viruses
Abstract:
... Members of the genus Circovirus with the family Circoviridae are responsible for fatal diseases that can affect mammals and birds. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is responsible for fatal diseases that could affect birds, causing the psittacine beak and feather disease. The current study discovered a new Circovirus from feces of laboratory rabbits and name it RabCV, which shows close relatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198861

47. The causes and ecological context of rapid morphological evolution in birds

Author:
Nicholas M. A. Crouch; Joseph A. Tobias
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 611-623
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; ecological function; habitats; phylogeny
Abstract:
... Episodic pulses in morphological diversification are a prominent feature of evolutionary history, driven by factors that remain widely disputed. Resolving this question has proved challenging because comprehensive species‐level data are generally unavailable at sufficient scale. Combining global phylogenetic and morphological data for birds, we show that pulses of diversification in lineages and t ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13962

48. The effect of infrared beak treatment on the welfare of turkeys reared to 12 weeks of age

Author:
S. Struthers; T. Fiss; H.L. Classen; S. Gomis; R. Dickinson; T.G. Crowe; E. Herwig; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.4 pp. 101728
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; females; heterophils; histology; males; pain; stress response
Abstract:
... This study aimed to determine the effects of infrared beak treatment on the behavior and welfare of male and female turkeys reared to 12 wk of age. To do this, poults (236 males and 324 females) were assigned to one of 2 beak treatments: infrared beak treated on day of hatch (IR) or sham untreated control (C). Data collected included heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, pecking force, feather cover, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.101728

49. The impact of infrared beak treatment on turkey tom and hen beak length and performance to 12 weeks of age

Author:
S. Struthers; T. Fiss; H.L. Classen; S. Gomis; E. Herwig; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.4 pp. 101737
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; body weight; feed conversion; feed intake; hatcheries; hens; industry; mortality; toms
Abstract:
... Controlling injurious pecking in commercial turkeys remains a significant challenge to producers and the industry. Infrared beak treatment is an effective method of controlling injurious pecking in chickens; however, the effects of infrared beak treatment on turkey performance are still largely unknown. Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of infrared beak treatment on the beak l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.101737

50. The latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution for bird beaks, a species interaction trait

Author:
Benjamin G. Freeman; Thomas Weeks; Dolph Schluter; Joseph A. Tobias
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 635-646
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; birds; data collection; meta-analysis; species richness; temperate zones
Abstract:
... Where is evolution fastest? The biotic interactions hypothesis proposes that greater species richness creates more ecological opportunity, driving faster evolution at low latitudes, whereas the ‘empty niches’ hypothesis proposes that ecological opportunity is greater where diversity is low, spurring faster evolution at high latitudes. We tested these contrasting predictions by analysing rates of b ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13726