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1. Anatomical, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of cavum nasi of the common quails (Coturnix coturnix. Erlangeri)

Author:
Walaa Abdelwahab Abdeghani Basha; Sameh Mohamed Farouk; Said Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2022 v.51 no.4 pp. 468-476
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Coturnix coturnix; beak; epithelium; histology; keratinization; nasal cavity; quails
Abstract:
... Ten normal, mature and common quails were used to study in detail the gross anatomy, histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity. The relationship between the structure and function of the nasal cavity also were assessed. The quail nasal cavity was divided into the vestibule, nasal cavity proper and fundus. The nasal cavity began rostrally by two slit‐like externa ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12808

2. Beak Microstructure Estimates of the Age, Growth, and Population Structure of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) in the Xisha Islands Waters of the South China Sea

Author:
Ziyue Chen; Huajie Lu; Wei Liu; Kai Liu; Xinjun Chen
Source:
Fishes 2022 v.7 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2410-3888
Subject:
autumn; beak; body weight; linear models; microstructure; population structure; squid; South China Sea
Abstract:
... This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an upper beak microstructure to estimate the age of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). From these microstructures, the age and growth of squid caught from January to March and May to August in 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the waters surrounding the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea were determined. We found three typical growth ...
DOI:
10.3390/fishes7040187

3. Centromeres organize (epi)genome architecture

Author:
Paul Talbert; Steven Henikoff
Source:
Cell 2022 v.185 no.17 pp. 3083-3085
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
Rhynchospora; beak; centromeres; epigenome; evolution; genomics; karyotyping; loci; microtubules; mitosis
Abstract:
... In some plants and animals, microtubules attach across the length of the chromosome in mitosis, forming a holocentromere instead of a single centromeric locus. A new study in Cell shows that in the holocentric beak sedge Rhynchospora, holocentromeres also impact genomic architecture, epigenome organization, and karyotype evolution. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.022

4. Characteristics of the Seed Germination and Seedlings of Six Grape Varieties (V. vinifera)

Author:
Zhi-Lei Wang; Miao Hui; Xue-Qing Shi; Dong Wu; Ying Wang; Xing Han; Xiao Cao; Fei Yao; Hua Li; Hua Wang
Source:
Plants 2022 v.11 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
acetic acid; beak; beans; drought tolerance; germplasm; grapes; intraspecific hybridization; recurrent selection; seed germination; seedlings
Abstract:
... Intraspecific recurrent selection in V. vinifera is an effective method for breeding of high quality, disease-, cold-, and drought-resistance grapes. Exploring the optimal treatment methods for grape (V. vinifera) seeds can help to accelerate the process of intraspecific recurrent selection and improve breeding efficiency. In this study, seeds of six V. vinifera varieties were used as experimental ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants11040479

5. Characterizing two novel goose parvoviruses with different origins

Author:
Jie Zhu; Yi Yang; Xiaohui Zhang; Bixia Chen; Guanxing Liu; Endong Bao
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. 2952-2962
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Cairina moschata; Muscovy; amino acids; beak; cytopathogenicity; ducks; fibroblasts; geese; genome; genomics; growth and development; lethal dose; mortality; nucleotides; phylogeny; viral load; China
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of short beak dwarf syndrome caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) have been prevalent in China since 2015, resulting in a high mortality rate of ducks. Herein we evaluated differences between two NGPV strains: Muscovy duck‐origin (AH190917‐RP: MD17) and Cherry Valley duck‐origin (JS191021‐RP: CVD21) NGPV. Both of them showed certain level of pathogenicity to primary duck embryo fibrob ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14453

6. Comparative genomics and selection analysis of Yeonsan Ogye black chicken with whole-genome sequencing

Author:
Youngbum Cho; Jae-Yoon Kim; Namshin Kim
Source:
Genomics 2022 v.114 no.2 pp. 110298
ISSN:
0888-7543
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; beak; chickens; eggs; genetic variation; genome; genomics; heat-shock protein 90; innate immunity; phosphoproteins; plumage; purinergic receptors; ribonucleases; tumor suppressor proteins; viability; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Yeonsan Ogye (OGYE; Gallus gallus domesticus) is a rare indigenous chicken breed that inhabits the Korean Peninsula. This breed has completely black coloring, including plumage, skin, eyes, beak, and internal organs. Despite these unique morphological characteristics, the population of OGYE has declined without in-depth research into their genome research. Therefore, this study aimed to compare th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110298

7. Comparison of 3D-printed Titanium Alloy and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Beaks for an Injured Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)

Author:
Chen Rong; Deng Changlin; Wang Guodong; Li Meirong; Wang Shujie; Liu Hongyi; Zhu Menglin; Lu Chengping
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2022 v.35 no.4 pp. 445-450
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Grus japonensis; alloys; beak; birds; color; endangered species; firmness; medicine; microstructure; prostheses; surgery; titanium
Abstract:
... The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is a critically endangered species. Three-dimensional–printed prosthetic beaks made of titanium alloy and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used to repair the beak of a red-crowned crane that had a complete fracture of the anterior maxillary bone and rhinotheca. The physical properties and stability of the prostheses and changes in the crane's behaviors aft ...
DOI:
10.1647/19-00031

8. Developing a novel welfare assessment tool for loose-housed laying hens – the Aviary Transect method

Author:
Guro Vasdal; Joanna Marchewka; Ruth C. Newberry; Inma Estevez; Kathe Kittelsen
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.1 pp. 101533
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
aviaries; beak; breasts; eggs; farms; flocks; mortality; tail; welfare assessment
Abstract:
... This study compared welfare assessment results in aviary flocks using 3 approaches: 1) A novel Aviary Transect method, 2) AssureWel, and 3) the Norwegian farm advisors’ NorWel method. The Aviary Transect time requirement, interobserver reliability, and within- and across-house sensitivity to detect welfare indicators were also evaluated. The study was conducted on 6 randomly chosen commercial whit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101533

9. Diet, feeding behaviour and echidna beaks: a review of functional relationships within the tachyglossids

Author:
Stewart C. Nicol
Source:
Australian mammalogy 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 39-50
ISSN:
0310-0049
Subject:
Zaglossus; beak; diet; islands; mammalogy; museums; semiarid zones; skull; Tasmania
Abstract:
... Echidnas are commonly known as ‘spiny ant-eaters’, but long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus spp.) do not eat ants, whereas short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) eat other invertebrates as well as ants. The differences in skull morphology between short- and long-beaked echidnas are related to the differences in their diets, and I tested the hypothesis that there would be differences in beak len ...
DOI:
10.1071/AM20053

10. Dynamic trait-niche relationships shape niche partitioning across habitat transformation gradients

Author:
Emilio Pagani-Núñez; Dan Liang; Chao He; Yang Liu; Xu Luo; Eben Goodale
Source:
Basic and applied ecology 2022 v.59 pp. 59-69
ISSN:
1439-1791
Subject:
Passeriformes; aggression; applied ecology; beak; body size; population density
Abstract:
... Multidimensional approaches examining complex trait-niche relationships are crucial to understand community assembly. This is particularly important across habitat transformation gradients because specialists are progressively substituted by generalists and, despite increasing functional homogenization, in both specialist and generalist communities niche partitioning is apparent. Here, in line wit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.baae.2022.01.002

11. The Effect of Hard Pecking Enrichment during Rear on Feather Cover, Feather Pecking Behaviour and Beak Length in Beak-Trimmed and Intact-Beak Laying Hen Pullets

Author:
Paula Elizabeth Baker; Christine Janet Nicol; Claire Alexandra Weeks
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; genetic selection; plumage
Abstract:
... Injurious pecking, commonly controlled by beak trimming (BT), is a widespread issue in laying hens associated with thwarted foraging. This controlled study compared the effect in intact and beak-trimmed pullets of providing pecking pans to eight treatment flocks from six weeks of age. Flocks (mean size 6843) comprised eight British Blacktail, six Lohmann Brown and two Bovans Brown. All young birds ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12060674

12. Effect of beak trimming at hatch and the inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract traits of brown-egg pullets from hatch to 15 weeks of age

Author:
J. Ben-Mabrouk; G.G. Mateos; A.F. de Juan; L. Aguirre; L. Cámara
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.9 pp. 102044
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; cages; diet; digestive tract; energy conversion; energy intake; experimental design; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding preferences; gizzard; growth performance; mortality; oats; particle size; pullets
Abstract:
... The influence of infrared beak trimming at hatch (IRBT) and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on growth performance, feed preference, exploratory pecking behavior, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, was studied in brown-egg pullets from 0 to 15 wk of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with IRBT (sham vs. treat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102044

13. Effects of feed trough positioning height on growth performance, feed loss, feeding environment, and behavior of geese

Author:
X.F. Huang; J.J. Xue; Z.L. Liu; Y. Chen; Y. Luo; Q.G. Wang; C. Wang
Source:
Poultry science 2022 pp. 102179
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; beak; blood; growth performance; hygiene; males; poultry science
Abstract:
... In the traditional feeding pattern of geese, the feed trough will be placed on the ground for a long time and hurts the living environment. This research aimed to investigate the effect of 4 different feed trough positioning heights on growth performance, blood parameters, feed loss, water consumption, feeding environment, and behavior of geese and determine the optimal trough positioning height f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102179

14. Epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia (Asteraceae)

Author:
Duilio Iamonico; Paola Fortini; Romeo Di Pietro
Source:
Taxon 2022 v.71 no.1 pp. 207-209
ISSN:
0040-0262
Subject:
Crepis; achenes; beak; lectotypes; Corsica; Malta; Sicily
Abstract:
... The epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia is discussed. An illustration from Boccone's Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania was correctly designated as lectotype by Jiménez López & al. in 2013 according to Art. 7.11 of the ICN. However, this image lacks some of the important characters required for a critical identification of the specie ...
DOI:
10.1002/tax.12592

15. Every hooked beak is maintained by a prey: Ecological signal in cephalopod beak shape

Author:
Marjorie Roscian; Anthony Herrel; Paul Zaharias; Raphaël Cornette; Vincent Fernandez; Isabelle Kruta; Yves Cherel; Isabelle Rouget
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.8 pp. 2015-2028
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
Cephalopoda; beak; diet; habitat preferences; micro-computed tomography; morphometry; photogrammetry; phylogeny; species identification; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Beaks are among the few hard parts of coleoid cephalopods and are informative for species identification. Although mandible shape has been shown to be adaptive in many vertebrate taxa, it has been suggested that the shape of coleoid beaks does not bear any ecological signal. Yet, previous studies only explored beak shape in 2D and none have provided an in‐depth investigation of the potential relat ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14098

16. Experimentally reduced feather microbial loads improve reproductive performance in captive Zebra Finches

Author:
Nancy Tyler Burley; Felipe Azevedo Campos; Emilie Chien; Shauna Duarte; Nathalie Kirshman; Alison Thuy Tien N. Phan; Kerianne M. Wilson
Source:
The auk 2022 v.139 no.3 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
2732-4613
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; birds; clutch size; color; evolution; flight; laboratory experimentation; microbiome; models; mortality; phenotype; plumage; progeny; reproductive performance; uropygial gland; yeasts
Abstract:
... We performed a laboratory experiment on caged, domesticated Australian Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) to assess the effects of antimicrobial treatment applied to birds' plumage on the feather microbial loads of breeding pairs and their associated reproductive performance. Treatments included an experimental group that experienced frequent misting with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial ...
DOI:
10.1093/ornithology/ukac021

17. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Kidney Bean in China

Author:
YaZhong Jin; YaNan Xiong; ChangJian Xu; JinLi Ren; YongXia Guo; YuHu Zuo; YouLi Zhang; XueQing Geng
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1531
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Phaseolus vulgaris; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; disease incidence; dry beans; ethanol; green beans; growth chambers; industry; internal transcribed spacers; kidney beans; leaf spot; leaves; mesophyll; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; relative humidity; risk; sequence analysis; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), also known as common bean, dry bean, or French bean, is one of the most valuable and highly nutritious legume crops cultivated and consumed worldwide (Blair et al. 2012; Choudhary et al. 2018). It is an important edible food and one of the most economically important vegetable crops in China. It is widely grown in Heilongjiang Province in China. In July 2020, l ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-09-21-2000-PDN

18. First Report of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Black Spot on Pecan in China

Author:
Lichun Yan; Xin Yang; Zhuangwei Wang; Haijun Zhu; Yaming Qian; Weimin Wu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.6 pp. 1748
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria tenuissima; Carya illinoinensis; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; culture media; disease incidence; ethanol; fruits; genes; germplasm; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; histones; humidity; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; pecans; peptide elongation factors; ribosomal DNA; rifampicin; sodium hypochlorite; trees; vigor; China
Abstract:
... China is one of the largest markets for pecan (Carya illinoinensis) consumption in the world, and pecan production in China has increased since 2008 (Zhang et al. 2015). From July to September 2019 and 2020, leaf black spot was observed on several pecan cultivars, including Pawnee, Burkett, Kiowa, and Western Schley, in the germplasm in Liuhe County, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Disease incid ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0757-PDN

19. First Report of Black Spot on Ophiopogon japonicus Caused by Alternaria alternata in Zhejiang Province, China

Author:
Yiwen Xu; Zhenyan Cao; Yihua Yang; Jintian Tang; Yang Song; Xuping Shentu; Xiaoping Yu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.1 pp. 330
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Ophiopogon japonicus; adenosinetriphosphatase; air; allergens; beak; cardioprotective effect; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; discoloration; ethanol; genes; histones; hyphae; ingredients; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; medicinal plants; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; plasma membrane; relative humidity; sequence analysis; steroid saponins; China
Abstract:
... Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is widely cultured in China. The root of O. japonicus is used as the main ingredient in many prescriptions. It is rich in chemical components for steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids, and polysaccharides, which have various pharmacological activities, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, and antidiabete ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1188-PDN

20. First Report of Fusarium lateritium Causing Shoot Dieback of Acer negundo in Europe

Author:
Katarzyna Patejuk; Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska; Kamil Najberek; Wojciech Pusz
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1519
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Acer negundo; DNA; Fusarium lateritium; bark; beak; biological control; chlamydospores; chlorosis; conidia; culture media; databases; dieback; discoloration; domestication; environmental hazards; ethanol; flora; genotyping; hyphae; introduced species; invasive species; microscopy; mycelium; pathogenicity; roadsides; sapwood; sporodochia; wood; North America; Poland
Abstract:
... Boxelder (Acer negundo) is a tree native to North America. In Europe it is considered a dangerous invasive species, and assigned to the highest (fourth) category of environmental hazard (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012). The tree can threaten a wide range of ecosystems and compete with the native flora. Shoot dieback was observed on 20% of boxelder in July 2018 and 2019 in Bryzgiel (N53°59.963′ E23°04. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1294-PDN

21. First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria brassicae on Orychophragmus violaceus in China

Author:
N. Qian; Y. H. Wu; C. L. Feng; G. Z. Zhang; X. L. Lu; W. S. Zhao
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.1 pp. 320
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; DNA; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Orychophragmus violaceus; agar; beak; color; conidia; culture media; fawns; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; green manures; greenhouses; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; mildews; mycelium; ornamental plants; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; statistical analysis; China
Abstract:
... Orychophragmus violaceus, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is widely grown in many provinces of China as an ornamental plant and also as a green manure crop. In December 2019, field investigations showed that a leaf spot disease occurred on O. violaceus in three fields with 50 to 80% incidence (50 plants in each field were investigated) in Huize City, Yunnan Province of China. Infected leaves ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0767-PDN

22. First Report of Leaf Spots Caused by Alternaria alternata on Aquilegia flabellata in Italy

Author:
A. Garibaldi; D. Bertetti; G. Tabone; M. L. Gullino
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.10 pp. 2753
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Aquilegia flabellata; DNA; Eragrostis tef; autumn; beak; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; cut flowers; discoloration; disease incidence; fungi; genes; greenhouses; hyphae; leaves; necrosis; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; polygalacturonase; sodium hypochlorite; spring; Italy
Abstract:
... Fan columbine (Aquilegia flabellata), in the Ranunculaceae family, is used both in mixed borders for gardening and for cut flower production. During spring 2021, 3-month-old potted plants of A. flabellata growing in a glasshouse of the Agroinnova Centre (Grugliasco, Torino province, Northern Italy), showed irregular, brown discolorations spread over a large part of the leaf surface and petioles an ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-21-1421-PDN

23. First pod record of Mucuna (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) from the late Miocene of the Yen Bai Basin, northern Vietnam

Author:
Hung Ba Nguyen; Jian Huang; Truong Van Do; Lin-Bo Jia; Hoa Mai Thi Nguyen; Hung Dinh Doan; Shu-Feng Li; Zhe-Kun Zhou; Tao Su
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2022 v.298 pp. 104592
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Miocene epoch; Mucuna; basins; beak; biogeography; center of diversity; fossils; paleobotany; palynology; phylogeny; tropics; Vietnam
Abstract:
... The genus Mucuna Adans. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) contains approximately 105 extant species. It is widely distributed in pantropical areas, with its center of diversity located in Asia. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses investigated the historical biogeography of the genus; however, a lack of fossil evidence has limited a fuller understanding of the genus. Here, we present the first macrofos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104592

24. Functional traits and foraging behaviour: Avian vampire fly larvae change the beak and fitness of their Darwin's finch hosts

Author:
Sonia Kleindorfer; Diane Colombelli‐Négrel; Lauren K. Common; Jody A. O'Connor; Katharina J. Peters; Andrew C. Katsis; Rachael Y. Dudaniec; Frank J. Sulloway; Nicolas M. Adreani
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.7 pp. 1806-1817
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
Geospiza; abnormal development; adulthood; adults; bark; beak; blood; body condition; insectivores; instars; keratin; leaves; nose; parasitism; phenotype; trees
Abstract:
... The avian beak is a key morphological trait used for foraging. If parasites alter beak shape, we may expect changes in host foraging behaviour. Larvae of the avian vampire fly Philornis downsi cause naris enlargement in Darwin's finch nestlings when first and second instar larvae consume keratin, blood and tissue from inside the beak of the developing host. This naris malformation persists into ad ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14061

25. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Encoding Beak Color of Duck

Author:
Qixin Guo; Yong Jiang; Zhixiu Wang; Yulin Bi; Guohong Chen; Hao Bai; Guobin Chang
Source:
Genes 2022 v.13 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
beak; color; genome-wide association study; genotyping; melanin; phenotype; pigmentation; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Beak color diversity is a broadly occurring phenomenon in birds. Here, we used ducks to identify candidate genes for yellow, black, and spotted beaks. For this, an F₂ population consisting of 275 ducks was genotyped using whole genome resequencing containing 12.6 M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three beak colors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was used to identify the candidat ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes13071271

26. Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity

Author:
Emma C. Hughes; David P. Edwards; Jen A. Bright; Elliot J.R. Capp; Christopher R. Cooney; Zoë K. Varley; Gavin H. Thomas
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 598-610
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; birds; geographical distribution; morphometry; museums; phenotypic variation; species richness; variance
Abstract:
... Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13905

27. Gross Anatomical Features of Tongue of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) At Different Postnatal Ages

Author:
Papia Khatun; Shonkor Kumar Das
Source:
Ukrainian journal of veterinary and agricultural sciences 2022 v.5 no.1 pp. 17-23
ISSN:
2617-6149
Subject:
Khaki Campbell; beak; ducks; ethics; larynx; oropharynx; tongue
Abstract:
... The present study aims to investigate the gross morphological structure of the tongue of the khaki Campbell duck at different postnatal ages. The ducks were from four age groups (A total of 25 ducks): day one (1), one (1) month, two (2) months, three (3) months, and four (4) months, having five ducks in each group. The tongues were collected immediately after the ethical killing of the birds for g ...
DOI:
10.32718/ujvas5-1.03

28. Immunogenicity of an inactivated novel goose parvovirus vaccine for short beak and dwarfism syndrome in Cherry Valley ducks

Author:
Jiewen Zhou; Chuanfeng Li; Aoxing Tang; Hang Li; Zhaorong Yu; Zongyan Chen; Xin Guo; Guangqing Liu
Source:
Archives of virology 2022 v.167 no.3 pp. 881-889
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; absorbance; adjuvants; beak; blood serum; death; ducks; dwarfing; emulsions; excretion; immunogenicity; inactivated vaccines; industry; infectious diseases; morbidity; oils; vaccination; viral load; viremia; virology; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) is a viral infectious disease caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), which has been responsible for serious economic losses to the Chinese duck industry in recent years. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against this disease. In this study, we developed an inactivated virus vaccine candidate for SBDS based on NGPV strain DS15 isolated from a du ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-021-05352-z

29. Intrinsically disordered BMP4 morphogen and the beak of the finch: Co-option of an ancient axial patterning system

Author:
Prakash Kulkarni; Atish Mohanty; Ravi Salgia; Vladimir N. Uversky
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2022 v.219 pp. 366-373
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
DNA; beak; bone morphogenetic proteins; epigenetics; erythrocytes; evolutionary adaptation; methylation; natural selection; phenotype; phenotypic variation; progeny; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Darwin's finches, with the primary diversity in the shape and size of their beaks, represent an excellent model system to study speciation and adaptive evolution. It is generally held that evolution depends on the natural selection of heritable phenotypic variations originating from the genetic mutations. However, it is now increasingly evident that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.203

30. Invasive Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Infection in Canaries

Author:
Arda S Tunç; Bülent Baş; Osman Kutsal
Source:
Journal of comparative pathology 2022 v.196 pp. 11-15
ISSN:
0021-9975
Subject:
Annelida; Scopulariopsis; beak; conidia; conidiophores; flocks; fungi; histopathology; hyphae; lungs; mycoses; necropsy; saprophytes; soil
Abstract:
... Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a soil saprophyte, is the most common dermatomycotic mould and causes deep fungal infection. Ten canaries died in a flock of 200 and, at necropsy, S. brevicaulis was isolated from lung and beak samples. Macroscopically, the colonies were flat, velvety or powdery, white, tan, dark brown, grey or black. Microscopically, the isolated fungus had hyaline and septate hyphae, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.06.002

31. Isolation and identification of Tussilago farfara leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata in China

Author:
Yidan Wang; Chengde Yang; Mengjun Jin; Jianxin Zhong; Dahai Mei; Xingyin Wei; Hongfulianhua Wang
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2022 v.172 pp. 105750
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Tussilago farfara; allergens; beak; calcium; color; conidia; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; pathogens; phenotype; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Tussilago farfara is of vital medical value. A new leaf spot disease was observed on T. farfara leaves, in Dingxi, Gansu Province, China, in October 2019. In order to research the pathogen, the diseased samples were collected for isolation and identification. The isolate KD3 was verified by pathogenicity test, as the pathogen causing the T. farfara leaf spot disease. Its morphological characterist ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105750

32. Multimodality during live tutoring is relevant for vocal learning in zebra finches

Author:
Judith M. Varkevisser; Ezequiel Mendoza; Ralph Simon; Maëva Manet; Wouter Halfwerk; Constance Scharff; Katharina Riebel
Source:
Animal behaviour 2022 v.187 pp. 263-280
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; humans; juveniles; songbirds; vocalization; zebras
Abstract:
... In many songbird species, young birds learn their song from adult conspecifics. Like much animal communication, birdsong is multimodal: singing is accompanied by beak and body movements. We hypothesized that these visual cues could enhance vocal learning thus partly explaining the reduced learning from unimodal audio playbacks compared to multimodal live social tutoring observed in many birdsong s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.013

33. Northeastern Pacific Octopus Beak Shape for Species-Level Detection

Author:
Mariana Díaz-Santana-Iturrios; Viridiana Zepeda-Benitez; Renata Pacheco-Ovando; Claudio F. Cornejo; José Miguel Cerda; César Augusto Salinas-Zavala; Jasmín Granados-Amores
Source:
Malacologia 2022 v.64 no.2 pp. 169-184
ISSN:
0076-2997
Subject:
Octopodidae; beak; habitats; morphometry
Abstract:
... Cephalopods have upper and lower chitinous beaks, and their shape can be used to identify species. However, the morphological attributes of beaks are commonly obtained from sources that contain little information on shape, compromising the determination of taxa. Thus, in this study, we used geometric morphometrics to analyze inter-specific differences in beak shape of six octopus species from the ...
DOI:
10.4002/040.064.0202

34. Nutrient balance and energy‐acquisition effectiveness: Do birds adjust their fruit diet to achieve intake targets?

Author:
Pedro G. Blendinger; Tobias N. Rojas; Andrés F. Ramírez‐Mejía; Irene M. A. Bender; Silvia Lomáscolo; Julieta Magro; M. Gabriela Núñez Montellano; Román A. Ruggera; Mariana Valoy; Mariano Ordano
Source:
Functional ecology 2022 v.36 no.10 pp. 2649-2660
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
beak; birds; ecology; energy intake; food handling; food intake; fruits; geometry; models; nutrient balance; nutrient content; Andes region
Abstract:
... According to diet‐regulation hypotheses, animals select food to regulate the intake of macronutrients or maximise energy feeding efficiency. Specifically, the nutrient balance model proposes that foraging is primarily a process of balancing multiple nutrients to achieve a nutritional intake target, while the energy maximisation model proposes that foraging aims to maximise energy. Here, we evaluat ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.14164

35. Occurrence of Leaf Spot Caused by Mycocentrospora acerina on Japanese Ginseng (Panax japonicus) in China

Author:
Jingmao You; Tao Tang; Fanfan Wang; Jie Guo; Yuanyuan Duan; Xiaoliang Guo
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.6 pp. 1754
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Mycocentrospora acerina; Oriental traditional medicine; Panax japonicus; Sphagnum; alcohols; ampicillin; beak; chlamydospores; conidiophores; culture media; fields; fungi; genes; greenhouses; hyphae; inflammation; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; lighting; medicinal plants; mycelium; relative humidity; ribosomes; sodium hypochlorite; vermiculite; China
Abstract:
... Panax japonicus C. A. Mey., known as Japanese ginseng or “Zhujieshen” in China, is a perennial medicinal herb (family Araliaceae) native to China and is widely grown in many provinces including Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan. In recent years, cultivation of Japanese ginseng has increased tremendously in China because of its high value. Its root is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the tre ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1718-PDN

36. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of beak and feather disease virus epidemiology and its implications for the international exotic bird trade

Author:
Giovanni Franzo; William G. Dundon; Mari De Villiers; Lourens De Villiers; Lauren M. Coetzee; Siegfried Khaiseb; Giovanni Cattoli; Umberto Molini
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. e2677
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittacidae; abnormal development; beak; biodiversity; birds; claws; databases; endangered species; genes; necrosis; phylogeography; population size; risk; trade; virus transmission; Namibia
Abstract:
... Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infects domestic and wild psittacine species and is able to cause progressive beak, claw and feather malformation and necrosis. In addition to having an impact on the health and welfare of domesticated birds, BFDV represents a significant threat to wild endangered species. Understanding the epidemiology, dynamics, viral migration rate, interaction between wild ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14618

37. Phylogenetic Study of Alternaria Potato and Tomato Pathogens in Russia

Author:
Lyudmila Yu. Kokaeva; Maria M. Yarmeeva; Zarema G. Kokaeva; Elena M. Chudinova; Petr N. Balabko; Sergey N. Elansky
Source:
Diversity 2022 v.14 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Alternaria; Russia; beak; blight; conidia; genes; phylogeny; potatoes; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Early blight (EB) is a destructive disease affecting potato and tomato plants in Russia, caused by a heterogeneous group of plant pathogenic Alternaria fungi. The current species delimitation in Alternaria sect. Porri with medium to large conidia and a long (filamentous) beak is based on molecular data. In this study, the ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1, and Alt a 1 gene regions were analyzed in 41 large-s ...
DOI:
10.3390/d14080685

38. Plumage damage and back skin lesions in laying hens with untrimmed beak depend on rearing of pullets and genetics

Author:
E. Gernand; C. Ahlers; M. Huchler; K. Donat
Source:
British poultry science 2022 v.63 no.3 pp. 274-282
ISSN:
1466-1799
Subject:
barns; beak; cannibalism; cloaca; plumage; risk
Abstract:
... 1. Within a triennial project, 34 layer flocks with untrimmed beaks were examined regularly throughout the laying period to broaden knowledge on the occurrence and development of severe feather pecking and cannibalism, as well as on factors influencing this non-desirable behaviour. 2. Flocks involved 850 to 27,183 hens of seven different genetics, kept in a barn or on free-range systems. Damage to ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071668.2021.1975259

39. Podocarpium (Fabaceae) from the late Eocene of central Tibetan Plateau and its biogeographic implication

Author:
Wei-Cheng Li; Jian Huang; Lin-Lin Chen; Robert A. Spicer; Shu-Feng Li; Jia Liu; Yi Gao; Fei-Xiang Wu; Alex Farnsworth; Paul J. Valdes; Zhe-Kun Zhou; Tao Su
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2022 v.305 pp. 104745
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Eocene epoch; Fabaceae; Pliocene epoch; basins; beak; fossils; geographical distribution; geometry; latitude; paleobotany; paleoecology; palynology; China; Eurasia; Europe
Abstract:
... Podocarpium is an extinct genus in Fabaceae with rich fossil records in Eurasia dating back to the Eocene. However, the diversification and biogeographic histories of Podocarpium are poorly known due to a lack of fossils in some key regions, such as the Tibetan Plateau, an area recently shown to be crucial for floristic exchanges worldwide in the geological past. Here, we describe well-preserved f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104745

40. The Potential of Understory Production Systems to Improve Laying Hen Welfare

Author:
Shaocong Yan; Chenyujing Yang; Lei Zhu; Yongji Xue
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.17 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
European Union; agroforestry; animal welfare; beak; cages; drugs; dust bathing; fearfulness; hens; management systems; organic foods; organic production; parasitism; predation; understory; woodlands; China
Abstract:
... The welfare of laying hens in cage systems is of increasing concern. Represented by the European Union’s ‘End the Cage Age’ initiative, more and more countries have advocated cage-free farming. China, an important country for poultry farming and consumption in the world, is highly dependent on cage systems and lacks confidence in alternative (e.g., free-range) systems. In this context, using China ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12172305

41. Prevalence of tomato early blight disease in Tamilnadu and morpho-cultural characterization of Alternaria solani isolates

Author:
G. Mahalakshmi; L. Vengadeshkumar; T. Meera
Source:
Plant disease research 2022 v.37 no.1 pp. 58-63
ISSN:
2249-8788
Subject:
Alternaria solani; beak; blight; conidia; disease incidence; pigmentation; research; sporulation; surveys; tomatoes; India
Abstract:
... The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the prevalence and incidence of tomato early blight disease at different locations in five districts of Tamilnadu, India during 2016. The growth characters and pathogenic variability among the isolates of Alternaria solani were recorded. The survey revealed that the per cent disease index ranged from 12.52 to 34.72 per cent among five tom ...
DOI:
10.5958/2249-8788.2022.00010.5

42. The Relationship between Animal Welfare and Farm Profitability in Cage and Free-Range Housing Systems for Laying Hens in China

Author:
Shuai He; Jiao Lin; Qiongyu Jin; Xiaohan Ma; Zhongying Liu; Hui Chen; Ji Ma; Huancheng Zhang; Kris Descovich; Clive J. C. Phillips; Kate Hartcher; Zhonghong Wu
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.16 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
animal welfare; beak; cages; egg production; eggs; farm profitability; farms; food quality; hens; human-animal relations; income; mites; parasites; poultry industry; trade; welfare assessment; China
Abstract:
... Several countries and regions have regulations in place to provide standards for the welfare of production animals, which have implications for breeding, management and trade. In the chicken egg production industry, the welfare impacts of this are not well understood. In the past decades, free-range systems were widely used for local chicken breeds in poultry industry in China, but their use has g ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12162090

43. Specialized beak blunting feeders and their potential as an alternative to current beak treatment methods in leghorn pullets

Author:
S. Struthers; K. Buchynski; J. Chew; S. Gomis; E. Herwig; T. Shynkaruk; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2022 v.31 no.4 pp. 100285
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
beak; body weight; broiler breeders; cannibalism; decline; mortality; research
Abstract:
... There is pressure to ban the practice of using beak treatment in laying hens and with this comes the need to find viable alternatives. Natural beak blunting by the inclusion of abrasive materials in the feeder has been suggested as an alternative, but its applicability to leghorn pullets and laying hens is not fully understood. This study investigated if a specialized feeding system that has been ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.japr.2022.100285

44. Use of acrylic resin prostheses in the treatment of rhinothecal fractures

Author:
Maria Ângela Panelli Marchio; Thaís Vendramini Magalhães; Bruno Watanabe Minto; Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2022 v.53 no.2 pp. 480-484
ISSN:
1937-2825
Subject:
Amazona; beak; biomechanics; bone resorption; hawks; malnutrition; orthopedics; prostheses; roadsides; wildlife; zoos
Abstract:
... This report describes the use of synthetic acrylic resin prostheses in five birds with rhinothecal fracture. Satisfactory biomechanical and clinical results were obtained in all cases, enabling early return to function of the beak. The patients, a roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris; case 1), a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus; case 2), two turquoise-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva; cases 3 and ...
DOI:
10.1638/2021-0094

45. VP2 virus‐like particles elicit protective immunity against duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks

Author:
Shifeng Xiao; Shao Wang; Dandan Jiang; Xiaoxia Cheng; Xiaoli Zhu; Fengqiang Lin; Bo Yu; Hui Dong; Xiuzhen Wang; Muhammad Munir; Mohammed A. Rohaim; Shilong Chen; Shaoying Chen
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.2 pp. 570-578
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; agglutination; beak; ducklings; dwarfing; fluorescent antibody technique; latex; neutralization; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; progeny; protein synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; vaccines; viruses
Abstract:
... Duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), an emerging goose parvovirus, has caused short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in Chinese duck flocks since 2015. Presently, there is no commercial vaccine against SBDS. In the present study, a virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based candidate vaccine was developed against this disease. A baculovirus expression system was used to express the SBDSV ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14021

46. Viromic analysis of feces from laboratory rabbits reveals a new Circovirus

Author:
Song-Yi Ning; Yu-Qing Xiao; Yu-Chen Qian; Zhang-Hao Feng; Zi-Yuan Dai; Wen Zhang; Hao Wang; Yuan-Jie Tang
Source:
Virus research 2022 v.319 pp. 198861
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; beak; feces; metagenomics; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; research; viruses
Abstract:
... Members of the genus Circovirus with the family Circoviridae are responsible for fatal diseases that can affect mammals and birds. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is responsible for fatal diseases that could affect birds, causing the psittacine beak and feather disease. The current study discovered a new Circovirus from feces of laboratory rabbits and name it RabCV, which shows close relatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198861

47. The causes and ecological context of rapid morphological evolution in birds

Author:
Nicholas M. A. Crouch; Joseph A. Tobias
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 611-623
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; ecological function; habitats; phylogeny
Abstract:
... Episodic pulses in morphological diversification are a prominent feature of evolutionary history, driven by factors that remain widely disputed. Resolving this question has proved challenging because comprehensive species‐level data are generally unavailable at sufficient scale. Combining global phylogenetic and morphological data for birds, we show that pulses of diversification in lineages and t ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13962

48. The effect of infrared beak treatment on the welfare of turkeys reared to 12 weeks of age

Author:
S. Struthers; T. Fiss; H.L. Classen; S. Gomis; R. Dickinson; T.G. Crowe; E. Herwig; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.4 pp. 101728
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; females; heterophils; histology; males; pain; stress response
Abstract:
... This study aimed to determine the effects of infrared beak treatment on the behavior and welfare of male and female turkeys reared to 12 wk of age. To do this, poults (236 males and 324 females) were assigned to one of 2 beak treatments: infrared beak treated on day of hatch (IR) or sham untreated control (C). Data collected included heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, pecking force, feather cover, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.101728

49. The impact of infrared beak treatment on turkey tom and hen beak length and performance to 12 weeks of age

Author:
S. Struthers; T. Fiss; H.L. Classen; S. Gomis; E. Herwig; K. Schwean-Lardner
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.4 pp. 101737
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; body weight; feed conversion; feed intake; hatcheries; hens; industry; mortality; toms
Abstract:
... Controlling injurious pecking in commercial turkeys remains a significant challenge to producers and the industry. Infrared beak treatment is an effective method of controlling injurious pecking in chickens; however, the effects of infrared beak treatment on turkey performance are still largely unknown. Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of infrared beak treatment on the beak l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.101737

50. The latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution for bird beaks, a species interaction trait

Author:
Benjamin G. Freeman; Thomas Weeks; Dolph Schluter; Joseph A. Tobias
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 635-646
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; birds; data collection; meta-analysis; species richness; temperate zones
Abstract:
... Where is evolution fastest? The biotic interactions hypothesis proposes that greater species richness creates more ecological opportunity, driving faster evolution at low latitudes, whereas the ‘empty niches’ hypothesis proposes that ecological opportunity is greater where diversity is low, spurring faster evolution at high latitudes. We tested these contrasting predictions by analysing rates of b ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13726

51. Advances in genetic selection and breeder practice improve commercial layer hen welfare

Author:
Greg Underwood; Daniel Andrews; Tin Phung
Source:
Animal production science 2021 v.61 no.10 pp. 856-866
ISSN:
1836-0939
Subject:
beak; egg production; egg quality; feed intake; genetic analysis; genetic selection; heterosis; issues and policy; laying hens; markets; meat; quantitative traits; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... Modern commercial layer breeds represent the culmination of ~7000 years of natural genetic selection. This selection was driven in former times by a combination of genetic-shift and -drift events, that led to chickens being favoured as domesticated species for meat and egg production. More recently, in the early 20th century, the concept of hybrid vigour was discovered and accelerated the natural ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN20383

52. Advances in research on genetic relationships of waterfowl parvoviruses

Author:
Yanhui Chen; Ruth Afumba; Fusheng Pang; Rongxin Yuan; Hao Dong
Source:
Journal of Veterinary Research 2021 v.65 no.4 pp. 391-399
ISSN:
2450-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; beak; ducks; dwarfing; epidemiology; industry; morbidity; mortality; necropsy; veterinary medicine; viruses; waterfowl; weight loss; China
Abstract:
... Derzsy’s disease and Muscovy duck parvovirus disease have become common diseases in waterfowl culture in the world and their potential to cause harm has risen. The causative agents are goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), which can provoke similar clinical symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates. In recent years, duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome has been prevalen ...
DOI:
10.2478/jvetres-2021-0063

53. Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Amygdalus triloba in Xinjiang of China

Author:
X. F. Chen; Y. Q. He; A. M. He; J. X. He; Q. Q. Li; J. H. Zhang; L. Z. Du
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.3 pp. 705
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; Alternaria tenuissima; DNA; Prunus triloba; beak; beautification; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; defoliation; disease control; disease transmission; ecology; ethanol; fungi; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; histones; internal transcribed spacers; landscapes; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; olives; pathogenicity; pathogens; polygalacturonase; sequence analysis; shrubs; China
Abstract:
... Amygdalus triloba (Rosaceae; previously Prunus triloba) is a deciduous, flowering shrub that is widely used in the greening and beautification of lawns, parks, and courtyards in China. In late May 2019, a leaf spot disease of A. triloba was observed on approximately 35% of plants in the Xinjiang Alaer city (40°33′20′′N, 81°17′19′′E). The disease symptoms began as small, suborbicular, brown spots o ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1244-PDN

54. Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates evidence of multiple introduction events into Saudi Arabia

Author:
Mahmoud Mohamed; Ibrahim El-Sabagh; Yoya Vashi; Vipin Jagrit; Mohamed Abd Elmonem Salem; M.A. Al-Ramadan; Ahmed M. Al-Ali; Sachin Kumar
Source:
Virus research 2021 v.295 pp. 198279
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittacidae; beak; databases; epidemiology; genetic variation; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; research; risk; trade; viral genome; viruses; Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
... Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a highly contagious disease in wild and captive psittacine populations and has an almost global presence. However, the BFDV infection in Saudi Arabia remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report the full genome sequence of BFDV strains from Saudi Arabia and its genetic diversity. The complete ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198279

55. Architecture-Driven Fast Droplet Transport without Mass Loss

Author:
Kai Zhuang; Yao Lu; Xiaolei Wang; Xiaolong Yang
Source:
Langmuir 2021 v.37 no.43 pp. 12519-12528
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
beak; biotechnology; droplets; energy; equations; foil; gravity; hydrophilicity; peristome; theoretical models; topology
Abstract:
... Spontaneous droplet transport without mass loss has great potential applications in the fields of energy and biotechnology, but it remains challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient driving force for the transport while suppressing droplet mass loss. Learning from the slippery peristome of Nepenthes alata and wedge topology of a shorebird beak that can spontaneously feed water aga ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01608

56. Associations between neck plumage and beak darkness, as well as comb size measurements and scores with ranging frequency of Sasso and Green-legged Partridge chickens

Author:
Patryk Sztandarski; Joanna Marchewka; Franciszek Wojciechowski; Anja B. Riber; Stefan Gunnarsson; Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.9 pp. 101340
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; color; computer software; eyes; genetic selection; meat; neck; partridges; plumage; poultry production
Abstract:
... Despite the intensive genetic selection in modern poultry, variability of domestic fowl phenotypes has remained, especially in breeds adapted to local conditions. The relevance of this variability to the chicken outdoor ranging activities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if external features were associated with the ranging frequency of the 48 female chickens from each of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101340

57. Beak keratoacanthomas in two budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with Knemidocoptes spp. infection

Author:
Christina Doukaki; Nikolaos Papaioannou; Minh Huynh
Source:
Journal of exotic pet medicine 2021 v.36 pp. 80-83
ISSN:
1557-5063
Subject:
beak; broiler chickens; budgerigars; epithelium; females; hair follicles; histology; households; keratin; males; mites; skin lesions; squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract:
... Keratoacanthoma is a common cutaneous neoplasia in humans that most often occurs on sun exposed sites and is considered a rapidly growing pseudomalignancy, resembling squamous cell carcinoma.Beak keratoacanthomas were diagnosed in two birds from two different households: in a 10-year-old male and in a 1-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The main clinical findings in both birds we ...
DOI:
10.1053/j.jepm.2019.06.008

58. Benefits to the germination of seeds provided by birds that mandibulate fleshy fruits

Author:
Román A. Ruggera; Tobias N. Rojas; M. Daniela Gomez; M. Gabriela Salas; Pedro G. Blendinger
Source:
Acta oecologica 2021 v.111 pp. 103746
ISSN:
1146-609X
Subject:
Neotropics; beak; birds; digestive tract; frugivores; fruits; pulp; seed dispersal; seed germination
Abstract:
... The effect of fruit removal and passage through the digestive tract of frugivorous birds on seed germination has been mostly studied in species that swallow the whole fruit without mandibulating (“gulpers”), and defecate or regurgitate seeds without pulp away from the maternal plant. Functional groups with other fruit-handling methods, while often quantitatively important in removing fruits, are p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actao.2021.103746

59. Body condition and colonization by fungi of House Sparrows Passer domesticus in the urban and rural environment

Author:
B. Dulisz; M. Dynowska; J. J. Nowakowski
Source:
The European zoological journal 2021 v.88 no.1 pp. 152-164
ISSN:
2475-0263
Subject:
Candida krusei; Passer domesticus; adults; beak; body condition; body weight; fungi; hemoglobin; juveniles; mycoses; rural areas; tail; urban population
Abstract:
... Mycoses of wild birds are rarely addressed in scientific research. We tested the hypothesis that urban populations of House Sparrow Passer domesticus, which in many cities showed downward trends in their number and are characterized by lower body mass and poorer body condition, would be more frequently colonized by fungi. To evaluate the degree of bird colonization by fungi, swabs were taken from ...
DOI:
10.1080/24750263.2020.1857447

60. Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak

Author:
Ségolène Riamon; Martin Pickford; Brigitte Senut; Antoine Louchart
Source:
Ibis 2021 v.163 no.2 pp. 715-721
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Bucerotidae; Bucorvidae; Miocene epoch; beak; fossils; phylogeny; Uganda
Abstract:
... Hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae) are among the most recognizable groups of birds. Their large, curved beak topped by a casque is their most obvious feature. Here, we describe the earliest fossil of a hornbill, and more precisely a Bucerotidae, from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. This fossil is a proximal part of a maxilla that can be tentatively assigned to the genus Tockus and which at ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12907

61. Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert

Author:
Guillermo Blanco; Pedro Romero-Vidal; Martina Carrete; Daniel Chamorro; Carolina Bravo; Fernando Hiraldo; José L. Tella
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Prosopis alba; Prosopis nigra; Prosopis pallida; beak; ecosystems; endozoochory; feces; flight; flocks; genetic structure; keystone species; livestock; parrots; predation; pulp; satiety; viability; Argentina
Abstract:
... Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus and two ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13050204

62. Ceropegia longirostris sp. nov. (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae) from Ethiopia and Kenya

Author:
Mats Thulin; Michael G. Gilbert; Hassan Y. Kaariye
Source:
Nordic journal of botany 2021 v.39 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
0107-055X
Subject:
Ceropegia; beak; corolla; gypsum; lakes; new species; Ethiopia; Kenya
Abstract:
... The new species Ceropegia longirostris Thulin, M.G.Gilbert & Kaariye is described, illustrated and mapped. It is known from two localities, one on gypsum in the Somali National Regional State (Ogaden) in southeastern Ethiopia and one, based on a photographic record, from just east of Lake Turkana in northwestern Kenya. The new species is a member of C. sect. Phalaena H.Huber, and is distinctive by ...
DOI:
10.1111/njb.03416

63. Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy)

Author:
Luca Giupponi; Valeria Leoni; Federico Colombo; Elena Cassani; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Roberto Pilu
Source:
Genetic resources and crop evolution 2021 v.68 no.5 pp. 2075-2091
ISSN:
0925-9864
Subject:
Zea mays; agrobiodiversity; beak; corn; evolution; grain yield; landraces; morphometry; phosphorus; probability; starch; water stress; zinc; Italy
Abstract:
... The loss of agrobiodiversity is a topic of global impact. On a local scale, Lombardy, in the Alpine macro-Region, has lost more than 78% of its plant agrobiodiversity. Only four maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) landraces of Lombardy are registered in the European Register of Conservation Varieties. However, there are other maize landraces in Lombardy such as “Mais delle Fiorine”, which was characte ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10722-021-01118-3

64. Comparison of tree-based regression tree methods for predicting live body weight from morphological traits in Hy-line silver brown commercial layer and indigenous Potchefstroom Koekoek breeds raised in South Africa

Author:
Thobela Louis Tyasi; Ecevit Eyduran; Senol Celik
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2021 v.53 no.1 pp. 7
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
algorithms; animal health; beak; body length; body weight; chest; decision support systems; prediction; regression analysis; silver; South Africa
Abstract:
... In animal breeding, more considerable attention is drawn to reveal the relationship between live body weight and morphological traits in identifying breed and species standards. The aim of this study was to predict live body weight from morphological characteristics in the Hy-line silver brown commercial layer and indigenous Potchefstroom Koekoek breed, native to South African. In the prediction o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11250-020-02443-y

65. Complex nests but no use of tools: An investigation of problem solving in weaverbirds (Ploceidae)

Author:
Samara Danel; Nancy Rebout; Auguste M.P. von Bayern; François Osiurak
Source:
Behavioural processes 2021 v.192 pp. 104493
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
Euplectes; beak; birds; cognition; nests; problem solving
Abstract:
... Few avian species use tools in the wild. Yet, several birds build nests of great complexity and many aspects of tool use may also apply to nest building. It has long been hypothesised that tool use may select for specialised cognitive adaptations or even general cognitive skills. This might similarly pertain to species that build complex nests. In this study, we investigated the problem-solving ca ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104493

66. Congenital abnormalities in dead-in-shell chicks associated with mixed bacterial infections

Author:
Wael M. Hananeh; Mohammad Q. Al-Natour; Akram R. Alaboudi; Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada; Zuhair A. Bani Ismail
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.2 pp. e06272
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella Enteritidis; Staphylococcus aureus; beak; chicks; embryogenesis; eyes; neck; Jordan
Abstract:
... Determination of the chick embryonic developmental period at which embryonic mortalities occur could help in establishing the cause of such mortalities. The late stage of embryonic development has particular importance due to its dramatic effect on life after hatching. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence, frequency and bacterial isolates from dead-in-shell chick embryos in North ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06272

67. Cryptococcus bacillisporus causing cryptococcoma of the beak of an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Portugal

Author:
Carolina Silva; Carles Juan-Sallés; Joana Mendes; Ana Mendes; Mariana Ruivo; Juan L. Abad; Ferry Hagen; Maria F. Colom
Source:
Medical mycology case reports 2021 v.34 pp. 8-12
ISSN:
2211-7539
Subject:
Psittacus erithacus; beak; captive animals; females; microscopy; mycology; parrots; phenotype; phylogeny; yeasts; Mexico; Portugal
Abstract:
... We report a severe case of rhinothecal cryptococcoma in a 13-year-old female African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus). The bird was born and bred in captivity in Portugal. The beak was deformed and showed several round soft masses, and microscopic examination revealed the presence of cells suggestive for Cryptococcus. Phenotypic and molecular analyses identified the obtained yeast culture as C. b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mmcr.2021.08.006

68. Current methods and techniques of beak trimming laying hens, welfare issues and alternative approaches

Author:
Philip C. Glatz; Greg Underwood
Source:
Animal production science 2021 v.61 no.10 pp. 968-989
ISSN:
1836-0939
Subject:
animal production; beak; cannibalism; egg industry; feed intake; heat; heat treatment; mortality; pain; regrowth
Abstract:
... Beak trimming is used in the egg industry to prevent mortality from cannibalism and minimise injurious pecking, vent pecking, aggressive pecking at the head and all forms of feather pecking, although the practice does not completely reduce the damage. There are alternatives to beak trimming, but they have not been reliable in preventing injurious pecking. However, beak trimming should not be used ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN19673

69. Cutaneous botryomycosis in a free‐living short‐beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)

Author:
RJT Doneley; C Sprohnle‐Barrera
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2021 v.99 no.10 pp. 427-431
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Staphylococcus; bacterial infections; beak; biochemistry; body condition; excision; granulation tissue; hematology; histopathology; osteomyelitis
Abstract:
... Botryomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection of the skin and viscera caused by nonbranching bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. It results in the formation of chronic, suppurative and often granulomatous lesions that may resemble multiple abscesses. It has been diagnosed worldwide in both humans and animals. It is a rare disease, usually requiring surgical excision combined with long‐term antib ...
DOI:
10.1111/avj.13105

70. Determining the variation in premaxillary and dentary bone morphology that may underlie beak shape between two pure layer lines

Author:
S. Struthers; B. Andersson; M. Schmutz; H.A. McCormack; P.W. Wilson; I.C. Dunn; V. Sandilands; J.J. Schoenebeck
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.12 pp. 101500
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
White Leghorn; beak; geometry; morphometry; phenotypic variation
Abstract:
... Beak treatment is an effective method of reducing the damage inflicted by severe feather pecking (SFP) but there is significant pressure to eliminate these treatments and rely solely on alternative strategies. Substantial variation in beak shape exists within non-beak treated layer flocks and beak shape appears to be heritable. There is the potential to use this pre-existing variation and genetica ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101500

71. Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

Author:
Antonio González Ariza; Ander Arando Arbulu; José Manuel León Jurado; Francisco Javier Navas González; Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo; María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo
Source:
Animals 2021 v.11 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; biometry; dimorphism; egg production; genotype; hens; models; multivariate analysis; variance
Abstract:
... This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (varia ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani11082211

72. Establishment of TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of duck circovirus

Author:
Da Zhang; Junhuang Wu; Jianfei Sun; Caixia Bai; Fazhi Xu; Pengfei Duan; Yong Wang
Source:
3 Biotech 2021 v.11 no.11 pp. 470
ISSN:
2190-572X
Subject:
Circovirus; atrophy; beak; cross reaction; detection limit; ducks; dwarfing; epidemiological studies; genes; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; rapid methods; viruses
Abstract:
... Duck circovirus (DuCV) is widespread across the world and causes feather disorders in young ducks. It was identified as the causative pathogen of duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In this study, we aimed to establish a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay to detect DuCV. The primers and probe were designed based on the conserved region of the DuCV Rep gene. Af ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13205-021-03021-1

73. Evidence for seasonal changes in population structure of Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus) in the Lake Neusiedl Region: a stable-isotope approach

Author:
Barbara Kofler; Wolfgang Wanek; Christian C. Voigt; Christian H. Schulze
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2021 v.162 no.2 pp. 421-433
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Emberiza schoeniclus; beak; carbon; demographic statistics; ecological differentiation; habitat preferences; habitats; lakes; ornithology; population structure; stable isotopes; wetlands; winter; Austria
Abstract:
... Migrating species and populations are affected by conditions existing across large geographical scales. The degree to which populations mix at stop-over sites and wintering grounds is variable and can involve important fitness consequences. Thus, the link between breeding and wintering grounds and seasonal shifts in population structure are important to understand population demographics, local ad ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-021-01855-3

74. Evidence of a rapid and adaptive response of hemipteran mouthparts to a physical barrier

Author:
Pablo E. Allen; Quentin Cui; Christine W. Miller
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2021 v.34 no.4 pp. 653-660
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Narnia; beak; cacti and succulents; cactus pears; evolutionary biology; fauna; insects; pericarp; pulp
Abstract:
... Animals have encountered novel foods at points throughout history, due to factors such as range expansions and niche shifts driven by competition. One of the first challenges presented by novel foods is how to eat them. Mouthpart morphology is thus critical during the process of host shifts. Developmental plasticity in mouthparts is one potential mechanism that may allow animals to tolerate new fo ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.13766

75. Evolution of Beak and Feather Disease Virus across Three Decades of Conservation Intervention for Population Recovery of the Mauritius Parakeet

Author:
Deborah J. Fogell; Simon Tollington; Vikash Tatayah; Sion Henshaw; Houshna Naujeer; Carl Jones; Claire Raisin; Andrew Greenwood; Jim J. Groombridge
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Beak and feather disease virus; Psittaciformes; beak; biodiversity; disease surveillance; genome; haplotypes; monitoring; parakeets; parrots; phylogeny; single-stranded DNA; time series analysis; Mauritius
Abstract:
... Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are key contributors to the current global biodiversity crisis. Psittaciformes (parrots) are one of the most vulnerable avian taxa and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is the most common viral disease in wild parrots. PBFD is caused by the beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), which belongs to the Circoviridae family and comprises a circular, single-s ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13110584

76. Examination of the Usage of a New Beak-Abrasive Material in Different Laying Hen Genotypes (Preliminary Results)

Author:
Tamás Péter Farkas; Attila Orbán; Sándor Szász; András Rapai; Erik Garamvölgyi; Zoltán Sütő
Source:
Agriculture (Basel) 2021 v.11 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2077-0472
Subject:
agriculture; animal welfare; beak; cement; genotype; gravel; hybrids; limestone; males; mortality; progeny; purebreds; weight loss
Abstract:
... The aim of the experiment was to investigate the use and effect of a new beak-abrasive material not yet examined on mortality of non-beak trimmed laying hens of different genotypes housed in an alternative pen. The study was performed on 636 females belonging to three genotypes of Bábolna TETRA Ltd. (a1 = commercial brown layer hybrid (C); a2 = purebred male line offspring group (maternal); a3 = p ...
DOI:
10.3390/agriculture11100947

77. Feather Pecking in Non-Beak-Trimmed and Beak-Trimmed Laying Hens on Commercial Farms with Aviaries

Author:
Angela Schwarzer; Christina Plattner; Shana Bergmann; Elke Rauch; Michael Erhard; Sven Reese; Helen Louton
Source:
Animals 2021 v.11 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
animal welfare; beak; environmental enrichment; feather pecking; flocks; gardens; hybrids; multivariate analysis; pain; risk factors; Germany
Abstract:
... Severe feather pecking (SFP) is a major animal welfare problem in layers. It results in pain and injuries in the affected animal. It was the aim of this study to gain insight into the actual pecking behavior of laying hens kept on commercial farms with flock sizes common in practice. We observed aggressive pecking and SFP in non-beak-trimmed and beak-trimmed flocks of laying hens and investigated ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani11113085

78. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Fruit Rot on Fig (Ficus carica) in Pakistan

Author:
M. W. Alam; A. Malik; A. Rehman; M. Sarwar; S. Muhammad; A. Hameed; H. Alsamadany; Y. Alzahrani; Z. Ahmed
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.7 pp. 2015
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; DNA; Ficus carica; air; beak; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; culture media; disease incidence; ethanol; figs; fruits; genes; litchis; pathogenicity; pathogens; peaches; plant rots; polygalacturonase; pomegranates; protocols; relative humidity; California; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Fig (Ficus carica L.) is among the earliest and widely cultivated fruit trees in the world due to its easy adaptation to diverse climates (Solomon et al. 2006). In July 2020, a rot disease was observed on multiple orchards located in Faisalabad, a region of Punjab Province. The symptoms appeared as light brown, circular to oval, and water-soaked lesions (4 to 8 mm in diameter). In more advanced st ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-21-0090-PDN

79. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Blight on Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) in India

Author:
Boda Praveen; A. Nagaraja; M. K. Prasanna Kumar; D. Pramesh; K. B. Palanna; P. P. Buella
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.4 pp. 1202
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Panicum sumatrense; acreage; allergens; beak; conidia; culture media; disease incidence; ethanol; fungi; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; leaf blight; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; polyethylene; polygalacturonase; relative humidity; runoff; sodium hypochlorite; India
Abstract:
... Little millet (LM) is a minor cereal crop grown in the Indian subcontinent. During October 2018, dark brown, circular to oval necrotic spots surrounded by concentric rings were observed on the upper leaf surface of the LM (cv. VS-13) grown in the fields of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India (13.0784°N, 77.5793°E). As the disease progressed, infected leaves became blighted. D ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1373-PDN

80. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Oat (Avena sativa) in India

Author:
Boda Praveen; M. K. Prasanna Kumar; Pramesh Devanna; K. B. Palanna; P. P. Buella; Gutha Venkata Ramesh; Namburi Karunakar Reddy; A. Nagaraja
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.10 pp. 3301
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Avena sativa; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; air; allergens; beak; conidia; disease incidence; ethanol; feeds; fungi; genes; genomics; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; grain yield; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; isolation techniques; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; oats; pathogenicity; pathogens; peptide elongation factors; polyethylene; polygalacturonase; runoff; sodium hypochlorite; China; India
Abstract:
... Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide primarily for food and animal feed. In November 2019, a leaf spot disease was observed on the oat plants at Mandya (12.5218° N, 76.8951° E), Karnataka, India. The disease incidence on plants was ranged between 43 and 57%. Initially, the symptoms appeared on leaves as small dark-brown spots surrounded by a yellow halo and later turne ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0322-PDN

81. First Report of Alternaria spp. Causing Leaf Spot on Sweet Viburnum in China

Author:
Chaodong Qiu; Yingying Zhang; Zhenyu Liu
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.8 pp. 2253
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria; DNA; Viburnum odoratissimum; actin; adenosinetriphosphatase; air temperature; allergens; ampicillin; beak; calmodulin; conidia; conidiophores; cotton; culture media; data collection; disinfection; ethanol; foliar diseases; fungi; kanamycin; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; plasma membrane; shrubs; statistical analysis; China; Florida
Abstract:
... Sweet viburnum (Viburnum odoratissimum [L.] Ker Gawl) is an evergreen shrub mainly cultivated along roadsides in urban landscapes and in parks and residential areas. A foliar disease occurred on ∼40% of sweet viburnum plants near Anhui Grand Theater, Anhui Province, China, in June 2019. Early symptoms appeared as small brown spots 2 to 3 mm in length on the leaves. Spots developed on the upper, mi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1407-PDN

82. First Report of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Blight on Sugarcane in China

Author:
J. Li; R. Y. Zhang; X. Y. Wang; H. L. Shan; C. M. Wang; X. Y. Cang; Y. K. Huang
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.4 pp. 1222
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria tenuissima; Saccharum officinarum; adenosinetriphosphatase; air; barley; beak; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; disease control; ethanol; fungi; greenhouses; histones; hyphae; leaf blight; leaf spot; leaves; olives; pathogenicity; pathogens; plasma membrane; sugar crops; sugarcane; surveys; water stress; China; India
Abstract:
... Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main sugar crop in China. Yunnan is the second largest sugarcane production province in China. In December 2018, leaf blight was first observed on almost every leaf of sugarcane ‘Huanan 54-11’, ‘Baimei’, and ‘Chongan’ in Kaiyuan (103.27° E, 23.72° N), Yunnan. In October 2019, during our survey in the field in Lingcang (100.08° E, 23.88° N), Yunnan, this ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-20-1507-PDN

83. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria alternata on Sonchus asper in China

Author:
J. X. Zhang; Y. Kang; T. T. Xu; X. Y. Xu; C. X. Li; K. F. Chen; H. Q. Cao
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.2 pp. 503
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Sonchus asper; actin; allergens; beak; biological control; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; disease severity; fungi; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; lawns and turf; leaf spot; olives; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; pears; plant tissues; relative humidity; sporulation; weeds; China
Abstract:
... Sonchus asper (spiny sowthistle), belonging to the Asteraceae, is a problematic weed in grain crops, orchards, and turf (Cho et al. 2019). In April 2016, about 90% of the S. asper plants infesting a pear orchard had symptoms with black spots densely distributed on the leaves and stems in Da Yang Town, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui (N 31°55′43″, E 117°11′40″). The foliar lesions were mostly circula ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-19-0940-PDN

84. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria brassicae on Avena sativa in China

Author:
J. G. Zhang; X. M. Nie; G. Q. Zhao
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.11 pp. 3750
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicae; Armoracia rusticana; Avena sativa; avenanthramides; beak; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; dietary fiber; disease incidence; ethanol; forage; genes; germplasm; growth chambers; horseradish; hyphae; leaf spot; leaves; models; oats; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; relative humidity; sporulation; statistical analysis; China; Serbia
Abstract:
... Oat (Avena sativa) is an annual gramineous crop, which contains a source of soluble dietary fiber, β-glucan, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic acids, and avenanthramides. It widely cultivated in cool and semiarid areas in northern China (Li et al. 2017). In July 2018, a severe leaf spot infection was observed in the Forage Germplasm Nursery (31°17′22″N, 103°40′15″E, 2,885 m ele ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-21-0145-PDN

85. First Report of Leaf Spot in Farfugium japonicum Caused by Alternaria alternata in China

Author:
Hui Wang; Hong Liu; Xun Lu; Qian Zhou
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.9 pp. 2715
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Asteraceae; DNA; allergens; beak; common names; conidia; culture media; ethanol; fungi; gardens; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; internal transcribed spacers; isolation techniques; leaf spot; leaves; medicinal plants; mycelium; pathogenicity; plant pathogens; streptomycin; sulfates; China; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam (with the common name leopard plant) is known as a garden and medicinal herb, and it belongs to the family Asteraceae. In May 2019, a leaf spot disease was observed on the upper leaf surface of F. japonicum in Changsha city, Hunan province, China. More than 98% of the F. japonicum plants were infected in a garden of Donghu district (28°13′ N; 112°56′ E). Leaf symptom ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0395-PDN

86. First Report of Purple Spot on Dandelion in China Caused by Alternaria tenuissima

Author:
Y. Yang; X. L. Wang; J. J. Ji; Z. Q. Chen; Z. Y. Qu; Y. Liu; Y. W. Zhang
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.1 pp. 211
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria tenuissima; Taraxacum mongolicum; actin; adenosinetriphosphatase; alcohols; beak; calmodulin; conidia; culture media; disease incidence; fungi; genes; growth chambers; histones; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; nutritive value; pathogens; peptide elongation factors; phylogeny; plasma membrane; relative humidity; sequence analysis; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae with a high edible and medicinal value, and it is widely grown at medium and low altitudes in China. In July 2019, purple spot of dandelion was found in a field near Harbin City, Heilongjiang province, China. The disease incidence regionally reached 95% in fields with yield losses between 10 and 20%, seriously reducing t ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1037-PDN

87. Functional morphology of the tongue in the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo var. domesticus)

Author:
Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk; Barbara Plewa,; Hanna Jackowiak
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.5 pp. 101038
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Meleagris gallopavo; beak; dried foods; esophagus; food intake; food transport; glycosaminoglycans; light microscopy; mash; mucosa; sulfur; tongue; turkeys
Abstract:
... Nowadays, microstructural and ultrastructural analysis of organs of the avian beak cavity points to new aspects of adaptation to food intake through the various feeding groups. These data should undoubtedly be considered in the time of mass production of compound feed in poultry, when many studies analyze the optimal size of food particles and their doses. Galliformes possess complex mechanisms of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101038

88. Genetic analysis of multiple fruit quality traits in mango across sites and years

Author:
Ian S. E. Bally; Joanne De Faveri
Source:
Euphytica 2021 v.217 no.3 pp. 44
ISSN:
0014-2336
Subject:
beak; color; cultivars; fruit quality; fruit weight; genetic analysis; heritability; mangoes; mesocarp; statistical models; texture
Abstract:
... A key strategy to improve fruit quality and consumer appeal in mangoes is to breed trait improvements into new cultivars. There are several key fruit quality traits in mango. Knowledge of the heritability and relationship among these traits is important for breeding success. This paper implements a linear mixed model analysis including paternal information for analysis of 13 important fruit qualit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10681-020-02750-3

89. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of duck-derived waterfowl parvovirus in Anhui province, eastern China

Author:
Yong Wang; Jianfei Sun; Da Zhang; Xu Guo; Wenhao Shen; Yongdong Li
Source:
Archives of virology 2021 v.166 no.7 pp. 2011-2016
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Protoparvovirus; beak; dwarfing; genes; phylogeny; virology; waterfowl; China
Abstract:
... Recently, a novel duck-origin goose parvovirus (N-GPV) was reported to cause short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks. In this study, we performed complete genome sequencing and analyzed three different duck-derived parvoviruses that infected different breeds of ducks. Phylogenetic trees based on gene sequences indicated that they were classical goose parvovirus (C-GPV), Muscovy duck parvovirus ( ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-021-05110-1

90. Harvesting of Onion Grass, Romulea rosea L. by Sulphur‐crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita Latham

Author:
Gregory M. Moore
Source:
Ecological management & restoration 2021 v.22 no.1 pp. 40-44
ISSN:
1442-7001
Subject:
Cacatua; Romulea rosea; administrative management; beak; birds; corms; flocks; grasses; lawns and turf; onions; rivers; soil; weeds
Abstract:
... The harvesting of Onion Grass (Romulea rosea) corms by flocks of Sulphur‐crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) is well known. Individual birds and large flocks feed on the weed in pastures, grasslands and recreational turf. Flocks of Sulphur‐crested Cockatoo were observed feeding on Onion Grass at seven sites along the Maribyrnong River at Keilor, Victoria. Flock size and feeding habits were noted, ...
DOI:
10.1111/emr.12449

91. How king penguins advertise their sexual maturity

Author:
Hannah Joy Kriesell; Thierry Aubin; Víctor Planas-Bielsa; Quentin Schull; Francesco Bonadonna; Clément Cornec; Yvon Le Maho; Laura Troudet; Céline Le Bohec
Source:
Animal behaviour 2021 v.177 pp. 253-267
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Aptenodytes patagonicus; acoustics; adults; beak; color; courtship; ears; energy; life history; physiological state; plumage; reproductive success; sexual maturity; sexual selection
Abstract:
... Reproductive success can improve with experience, which increases with age in many long-lived species. Signals that provide reliable information about age are therefore of importance for mate choice and consequently are under sexual selection. In birds, these are often vocal signals as well as visual signals in the form of plumage coloration. King penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, are sexually mo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.015

92. Hydroxyapatite biomaterial production from chicken (femur and beak) and fishbone waste through a chemical less method for Cd2+ removal from shipbuilding wastewater

Author:
Rauf Foroutan; Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust; Seiede Samira Hosseini; Ali Akbari; Bahman Ramavandi
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.413 pp. 125428
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; beak; biocompatible materials; chickens; femur; heat production; hydroxyapatite; industry; liquid-solid interface; models; pH; sorption isotherms; temperature; wastewater
Abstract:
... Hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder was produced from chicken (femur and beak) and fishbone wastes and used as a green adsorbent to decrease Cd²⁺ from aqueous media. The HAp powder was generated at 900 °C and characterized using physicochemical techniques. Chicken femur’ HAp (16.72 m²/g) had a higher surface compared to chicken beak and fishbone ones. The solution pH was the most important parameter in re ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125428

93. Identification of novel circovirus and anelloviruses from wolverines using a non-invasive faecal sampling approach

Author:
Rohan Antonio Bandoo; Joshua Bautista; Michael Lund; Eric Newkirk; John Squires; Arvind Varsani; Simona Kraberger
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2021 v.93 pp. 104914
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Anelloviridae; Gulo gulo; Porcine circovirus; Porcine circovirus-3; beak; circular DNA; dead animals; evolution; forests; genome; infection; mammals; prey species; single-stranded DNA; Montana; Northern European region
Abstract:
... Viruses in the families Circoviridae and Anelloviridae have circular single-stranded DNA genomes and have been identified in various animal species. Some members of the Circoviridae family such as beak and feather disease and porcine circovirus have been found to cause disease in their host animals. Anelloviruses on the other hand have not been identified to cause disease in their hosts but are hi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104914

94. Impact of experimentally induced bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness on health, stress, and leg health parameters in broilers

Author:
Shawna L. Weimer; Robert F. Wideman; Colin G. Scanes; Andy Mauromoustakos; Karen D. Christensen; Yvonne Vizzier-Thaxton
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.11 pp. 101457
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
beak; blood flow; blood serum; body temperature; body weight; corticosterone; eyes; femur; hock; lameness; males; necrosis; osteomyelitis; oxygen; skin temperature; thermography; tibia
Abstract:
... Stress and lameness negatively affect the health, production, and welfare of broilers. Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a leading cause of stress and lameness in commercial broilers. External changes in skin temperature related to changes in blood flow can be detected with infrared thermography (IRT), offering a noninvasive tool to assess the health of animals. This study comp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101457

95. Injectable Anesthesia With Medetomidine, Ketamine, and Butorphanol in Captive Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)

Author:
Dimitri Roberto Widmer; Sabine Tacke; Kerstin Ternes; Sandra Marcordes; Hermann Kempf
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2021 v.35 no.2 pp. 167-179
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Spheniscus; analgesia; beak; blood sampling; butorphanol; cloaca; death; depth of anesthesia; females; heart rate; ketamine; males; medetomidine; medicine; muscles; neck; oxygen; penguins; pericardium; respiratory rate; sedation; surgery
Abstract:
... The effects of an injectable anesthesia with 0.05 mg/kg medetomidine, 5 mg/kg ketamine, and 0.5 mg/kg butorphanol administered together intramuscularly were evaluated in 22 captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti, 10 male and 12 female), with a mean age of 8.5 ± 8.23 years. The birds fasted for18–24 hours prior to the procedure. Induction was followed by 4 distinct progressive responses of ...
DOI:
10.1647/2019-489

96. Innovative mark–recapture experiment shows patterns of selection on transcript abundance in the wild

Author:
Matthew P. Josephson; James K. Bull
Source:
Molecular ecology 2021 v.30 no.12 pp. 2707-2709
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Salmo trutta; beak; color; cost effectiveness; ecology; experimental design; gene expression; genes; heat tolerance; mark-recapture studies; natural selection
Abstract:
... A fundamental aspect of evolutionary biology is natural selection on trait variation. Classically, selection has been estimated primarily on external morphological traits such as beak size and coloration, or on easily assayable physiological traits such as heat‐tolerance. As technologies and methods improved, evolutionary biologists began examining selection on molecular traits such as protein seq ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.15946

97. Interannual variability of body size and beak morphology of the squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the North Pacific Ocean in the context of climate change

Author:
Zhou Fang; Peiwu Han; Yan Wang; Yangyang Chen; Xinjun Chen
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2021 v.848 no.6 pp. 1295-1309
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
El Nino; La Nina; Ommastrephes bartramii; beak; body size; climate; climate change; geometry; maturity stage; morphometry; phenotypic plasticity; squid; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... Oceanic squids are typical species that sensitive to the environment change. Previous studies on oceanic squids mainly focus on its annually fluctuated abundance under the background of climate change. The changes of individual morphological sizes, including body and beak, have been observed in recent years. In this study, Ommastrephes bartramii, an important cephalopod species in North Pacific Oc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-021-04528-7

98. Intraspecific genomic variation and local adaptation in a young hybrid species

Author:
Angélica Cuevas; Mark Ravinet; Glenn‐Peter Sætre; Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
Source:
Molecular ecology 2021 v.30 no.3 pp. 791-809
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
DNA; Passer; beak; ecology; evolution; gene frequency; genetic variation; genomics; hybrid species; hybridization; Italy
Abstract:
... Hybridization increases genetic variation, hence hybrid species may have greater evolutionary potential once their admixed genomes have stabilized and incompatibilities have been purged. Yet, little is known about how such hybrid lineages evolve at the genomic level following their formation, in particular their adaptive potential. Here we investigate how the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae), a ho ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.15760

99. Is Morphometry an Indicator of the Number of Sexy Syllables in the Song of Yellow-Fronted Canary (Serinus mozambicus)?

Author:
Adoté Hervé Gildas Akueson; Ayédèguè Eustache Alaye; Arcadius Yves Justin Akossou
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
Serinus; abdomen; beak; climatic zones; females; habitats; morphometry; regression analysis; Benin
Abstract:
... Birds use song for several goals as defending territory, alerting a partner to the presence of a predator, or wooing a female for breeding. This study aims to identify the morphometric parameters which determine the variability of the number of syllables in the “sexy” songs of yellow-fronted canary. For this purpose, sixteen morphometric parameters were measured among 170 yellow-fronted canaries c ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13110542

100. Isolation and complete genome analysis of a novel duck picornavirus in China

Author:
Chuanfeng Li; Tongling Shan; Zongyan Chen; Jiewen Zhou; Hang Li; Guangzhi Tong; Guangqing Liu
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2021 v.253 pp. 108950
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Avihepatovirus; amino acid sequences; amino acids; beak; ducks; dwarfing; internal ribosome entry sites; phylogeny; sequence analysis; China
Abstract:
... A novel duck picornavirus, designated as duck/AH15/CHN/2015, was isolated and identified from Cherry Valley ducks with short beak and dwarfism syndrome in 2015 in Anhui province of China. Duck/AH15/CHN/2015 has the highest degree of amino acid sequence identity (approximately 43 %) with duck hepatitis A viruses (DHAV) Complete genome analysis revealed that duck/AH15/CHN/2015 possesses a typical pi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108950