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1. Beak Microstructure Estimates of the Age, Growth, and Population Structure of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) in the Xisha Islands Waters of the South China Sea

Author:
Ziyue Chen; Huajie Lu; Wei Liu; Kai Liu; Xinjun Chen
Source:
Fishes 2022 v.7 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2410-3888
Subject:
autumn; beak; body weight; linear models; microstructure; population structure; squid; South China Sea
Abstract:
... This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an upper beak microstructure to estimate the age of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). From these microstructures, the age and growth of squid caught from January to March and May to August in 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the waters surrounding the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea were determined. We found three typical growth ...
DOI:
10.3390/fishes7040187

2. Centromeres organize (epi)genome architecture

Author:
Paul Talbert; Steven Henikoff
Source:
Cell 2022 v.185 no.17 pp. 3083-3085
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
Rhynchospora; beak; centromeres; epigenome; evolution; genomics; karyotyping; loci; microtubules; mitosis
Abstract:
... In some plants and animals, microtubules attach across the length of the chromosome in mitosis, forming a holocentromere instead of a single centromeric locus. A new study in Cell shows that in the holocentric beak sedge Rhynchospora, holocentromeres also impact genomic architecture, epigenome organization, and karyotype evolution. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.022

3. Characteristics of the Seed Germination and Seedlings of Six Grape Varieties (V. vinifera)

Author:
Zhi-Lei Wang; Miao Hui; Xue-Qing Shi; Dong Wu; Ying Wang; Xing Han; Xiao Cao; Fei Yao; Hua Li; Hua Wang
Source:
Plants 2022 v.11 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
acetic acid; beak; beans; drought tolerance; germplasm; grapes; intraspecific hybridization; recurrent selection; seed germination; seedlings
Abstract:
... Intraspecific recurrent selection in V. vinifera is an effective method for breeding of high quality, disease-, cold-, and drought-resistance grapes. Exploring the optimal treatment methods for grape (V. vinifera) seeds can help to accelerate the process of intraspecific recurrent selection and improve breeding efficiency. In this study, seeds of six V. vinifera varieties were used as experimental ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants11040479

4. Characterizing two novel goose parvoviruses with different origins

Author:
Jie Zhu; Yi Yang; Xiaohui Zhang; Bixia Chen; Guanxing Liu; Endong Bao
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2022 v.69 no.5 pp. 2952-2962
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; Cairina moschata; Muscovy; amino acids; beak; cytopathogenicity; ducks; fibroblasts; geese; genome; genomics; growth and development; lethal dose; mortality; nucleotides; phylogeny; viral load; China
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of short beak dwarf syndrome caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) have been prevalent in China since 2015, resulting in a high mortality rate of ducks. Herein we evaluated differences between two NGPV strains: Muscovy duck‐origin (AH190917‐RP: MD17) and Cherry Valley duck‐origin (JS191021‐RP: CVD21) NGPV. Both of them showed certain level of pathogenicity to primary duck embryo fibrob ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.14453

5. Comparative genomics and selection analysis of Yeonsan Ogye black chicken with whole-genome sequencing

Author:
Youngbum Cho; Jae-Yoon Kim; Namshin Kim
Source:
Genomics 2022 v.114 no.2 pp. 110298
ISSN:
0888-7543
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; beak; chickens; eggs; genetic variation; genome; genomics; heat-shock protein 90; innate immunity; phosphoproteins; plumage; purinergic receptors; ribonucleases; tumor suppressor proteins; viability; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Yeonsan Ogye (OGYE; Gallus gallus domesticus) is a rare indigenous chicken breed that inhabits the Korean Peninsula. This breed has completely black coloring, including plumage, skin, eyes, beak, and internal organs. Despite these unique morphological characteristics, the population of OGYE has declined without in-depth research into their genome research. Therefore, this study aimed to compare th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110298

6. Comparison of 3D-printed Titanium Alloy and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Beaks for an Injured Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)

Author:
Chen Rong; Deng Changlin; Wang Guodong; Li Meirong; Wang Shujie; Liu Hongyi; Zhu Menglin; Lu Chengping
Source:
Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2022 v.35 no.4 pp. 445-450
ISSN:
1082-6742
Subject:
Grus japonensis; alloys; beak; birds; color; endangered species; firmness; medicine; microstructure; prostheses; surgery; titanium
Abstract:
... The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is a critically endangered species. Three-dimensional–printed prosthetic beaks made of titanium alloy and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used to repair the beak of a red-crowned crane that had a complete fracture of the anterior maxillary bone and rhinotheca. The physical properties and stability of the prostheses and changes in the crane's behaviors aft ...
DOI:
10.1647/19-00031

7. Diet, feeding behaviour and echidna beaks: a review of functional relationships within the tachyglossids

Author:
Stewart C. Nicol
Source:
Australian mammalogy 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 39-50
ISSN:
0310-0049
Subject:
Zaglossus; beak; diet; islands; mammalogy; museums; semiarid zones; skull; Tasmania
Abstract:
... Echidnas are commonly known as ‘spiny ant-eaters’, but long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus spp.) do not eat ants, whereas short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) eat other invertebrates as well as ants. The differences in skull morphology between short- and long-beaked echidnas are related to the differences in their diets, and I tested the hypothesis that there would be differences in beak len ...
DOI:
10.1071/AM20053

8. The Effect of Hard Pecking Enrichment during Rear on Feather Cover, Feather Pecking Behaviour and Beak Length in Beak-Trimmed and Intact-Beak Laying Hen Pullets

Author:
Paula Elizabeth Baker; Christine Janet Nicol; Claire Alexandra Weeks
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
beak; genetic selection; plumage
Abstract:
... Injurious pecking, commonly controlled by beak trimming (BT), is a widespread issue in laying hens associated with thwarted foraging. This controlled study compared the effect in intact and beak-trimmed pullets of providing pecking pans to eight treatment flocks from six weeks of age. Flocks (mean size 6843) comprised eight British Blacktail, six Lohmann Brown and two Bovans Brown. All young birds ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12060674

9. Epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia (Asteraceae)

Author:
Duilio Iamonico; Paola Fortini; Romeo Di Pietro
Source:
Taxon 2022 v.71 no.1 pp. 207-209
ISSN:
0040-0262
Subject:
Crepis; achenes; beak; lectotypes; Corsica; Malta; Sicily
Abstract:
... The epitypification of the Linnaean name Crepis bursifolia is discussed. An illustration from Boccone's Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania was correctly designated as lectotype by Jiménez López & al. in 2013 according to Art. 7.11 of the ICN. However, this image lacks some of the important characters required for a critical identification of the specie ...
DOI:
10.1002/tax.12592

10. Experimentally reduced feather microbial loads improve reproductive performance in captive Zebra Finches

Author:
Nancy Tyler Burley; Felipe Azevedo Campos; Emilie Chien; Shauna Duarte; Nathalie Kirshman; Alison Thuy Tien N. Phan; Kerianne M. Wilson
Source:
The auk 2022 v.139 no.3 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
2732-4613
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; birds; clutch size; color; evolution; flight; laboratory experimentation; microbiome; models; mortality; phenotype; plumage; progeny; reproductive performance; uropygial gland; yeasts
Abstract:
... We performed a laboratory experiment on caged, domesticated Australian Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) to assess the effects of antimicrobial treatment applied to birds' plumage on the feather microbial loads of breeding pairs and their associated reproductive performance. Treatments included an experimental group that experienced frequent misting with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial ...
DOI:
10.1093/ornithology/ukac021

11. First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Kidney Bean in China

Author:
YaZhong Jin; YaNan Xiong; ChangJian Xu; JinLi Ren; YongXia Guo; YuHu Zuo; YouLi Zhang; XueQing Geng
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1531
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Phaseolus vulgaris; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; disease incidence; dry beans; ethanol; green beans; growth chambers; industry; internal transcribed spacers; kidney beans; leaf spot; leaves; mesophyll; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; relative humidity; risk; sequence analysis; sporulation; China
Abstract:
... Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), also known as common bean, dry bean, or French bean, is one of the most valuable and highly nutritious legume crops cultivated and consumed worldwide (Blair et al. 2012; Choudhary et al. 2018). It is an important edible food and one of the most economically important vegetable crops in China. It is widely grown in Heilongjiang Province in China. In July 2020, l ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-09-21-2000-PDN

12. First Report of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Leaf Black Spot on Pecan in China

Author:
Lichun Yan; Xin Yang; Zhuangwei Wang; Haijun Zhu; Yaming Qian; Weimin Wu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.6 pp. 1748
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria tenuissima; Carya illinoinensis; beak; color; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; culture media; disease incidence; ethanol; fruits; genes; germplasm; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; histones; humidity; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; pecans; peptide elongation factors; ribosomal DNA; rifampicin; sodium hypochlorite; trees; vigor; China
Abstract:
... China is one of the largest markets for pecan (Carya illinoinensis) consumption in the world, and pecan production in China has increased since 2008 (Zhang et al. 2015). From July to September 2019 and 2020, leaf black spot was observed on several pecan cultivars, including Pawnee, Burkett, Kiowa, and Western Schley, in the germplasm in Liuhe County, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Disease incid ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0757-PDN

13. First Report of Black Spot on Ophiopogon japonicus Caused by Alternaria alternata in Zhejiang Province, China

Author:
Yiwen Xu; Zhenyan Cao; Yihua Yang; Jintian Tang; Yang Song; Xuping Shentu; Xiaoping Yu
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.1 pp. 330
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Ophiopogon japonicus; adenosinetriphosphatase; air; allergens; beak; cardioprotective effect; conidia; conidiophores; culture media; discoloration; ethanol; genes; histones; hyphae; ingredients; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; medicinal plants; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; plasma membrane; relative humidity; sequence analysis; steroid saponins; China
Abstract:
... Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is widely cultured in China. The root of O. japonicus is used as the main ingredient in many prescriptions. It is rich in chemical components for steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids, and polysaccharides, which have various pharmacological activities, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, and antidiabete ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1188-PDN

14. First Report of Fusarium lateritium Causing Shoot Dieback of Acer negundo in Europe

Author:
Katarzyna Patejuk; Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska; Kamil Najberek; Wojciech Pusz
Source:
Plant disease 2022 v.106 no.5 pp. 1519
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Acer negundo; DNA; Fusarium lateritium; bark; beak; biological control; chlamydospores; chlorosis; conidia; culture media; databases; dieback; discoloration; domestication; environmental hazards; ethanol; flora; genotyping; hyphae; introduced species; invasive species; microscopy; mycelium; pathogenicity; roadsides; sapwood; sporodochia; wood; North America; Poland
Abstract:
... Boxelder (Acer negundo) is a tree native to North America. In Europe it is considered a dangerous invasive species, and assigned to the highest (fourth) category of environmental hazard (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012). The tree can threaten a wide range of ecosystems and compete with the native flora. Shoot dieback was observed on 20% of boxelder in July 2018 and 2019 in Bryzgiel (N53°59.963′ E23°04. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1294-PDN

15. First pod record of Mucuna (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) from the late Miocene of the Yen Bai Basin, northern Vietnam

Author:
Hung Ba Nguyen; Jian Huang; Truong Van Do; Lin-Bo Jia; Hoa Mai Thi Nguyen; Hung Dinh Doan; Shu-Feng Li; Zhe-Kun Zhou; Tao Su
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2022 v.298 pp. 104592
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Miocene epoch; Mucuna; basins; beak; biogeography; center of diversity; fossils; paleobotany; palynology; phylogeny; tropics; Vietnam
Abstract:
... The genus Mucuna Adans. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) contains approximately 105 extant species. It is widely distributed in pantropical areas, with its center of diversity located in Asia. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses investigated the historical biogeography of the genus; however, a lack of fossil evidence has limited a fuller understanding of the genus. Here, we present the first macrofos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104592

16. Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity

Author:
Emma C. Hughes; David P. Edwards; Jen A. Bright; Elliot J.R. Capp; Christopher R. Cooney; Zoë K. Varley; Gavin H. Thomas
Source:
Ecology letters 2022 v.25 no.3 pp. 598-610
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
beak; birds; geographical distribution; morphometry; museums; phenotypic variation; species richness; variance
Abstract:
... Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13905

17. Immunogenicity of an inactivated novel goose parvovirus vaccine for short beak and dwarfism syndrome in Cherry Valley ducks

Author:
Jiewen Zhou; Chuanfeng Li; Aoxing Tang; Hang Li; Zhaorong Yu; Zongyan Chen; Xin Guo; Guangqing Liu
Source:
Archives of virology 2022 v.167 no.3 pp. 881-889
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1; absorbance; adjuvants; beak; blood serum; death; ducks; dwarfing; emulsions; excretion; immunogenicity; inactivated vaccines; industry; infectious diseases; morbidity; oils; vaccination; viral load; viremia; virology; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) is a viral infectious disease caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), which has been responsible for serious economic losses to the Chinese duck industry in recent years. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against this disease. In this study, we developed an inactivated virus vaccine candidate for SBDS based on NGPV strain DS15 isolated from a du ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-021-05352-z

18. Invasive Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Infection in Canaries

Author:
Arda S Tunç; Bülent Baş; Osman Kutsal
Source:
Journal of comparative pathology 2022 v.196 pp. 11-15
ISSN:
0021-9975
Subject:
Annelida; Scopulariopsis; beak; conidia; conidiophores; flocks; fungi; histopathology; hyphae; lungs; mycoses; necropsy; saprophytes; soil
Abstract:
... Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a soil saprophyte, is the most common dermatomycotic mould and causes deep fungal infection. Ten canaries died in a flock of 200 and, at necropsy, S. brevicaulis was isolated from lung and beak samples. Macroscopically, the colonies were flat, velvety or powdery, white, tan, dark brown, grey or black. Microscopically, the isolated fungus had hyaline and septate hyphae, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.06.002

19. Multimodality during live tutoring is relevant for vocal learning in zebra finches

Author:
Judith M. Varkevisser; Ezequiel Mendoza; Ralph Simon; Maëva Manet; Wouter Halfwerk; Constance Scharff; Katharina Riebel
Source:
Animal behaviour 2022 v.187 pp. 263-280
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Taeniopygia guttata; adults; beak; humans; juveniles; songbirds; vocalization; zebras
Abstract:
... In many songbird species, young birds learn their song from adult conspecifics. Like much animal communication, birdsong is multimodal: singing is accompanied by beak and body movements. We hypothesized that these visual cues could enhance vocal learning thus partly explaining the reduced learning from unimodal audio playbacks compared to multimodal live social tutoring observed in many birdsong s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.013

20. Northeastern Pacific Octopus Beak Shape for Species-Level Detection

Author:
Mariana Díaz-Santana-Iturrios; Viridiana Zepeda-Benitez; Renata Pacheco-Ovando; Claudio F. Cornejo; José Miguel Cerda; César Augusto Salinas-Zavala; Jasmín Granados-Amores
Source:
Malacologia 2022 v.64 no.2 pp. 169-184
ISSN:
0076-2997
Subject:
Octopodidae; beak; habitats; morphometry
Abstract:
... Cephalopods have upper and lower chitinous beaks, and their shape can be used to identify species. However, the morphological attributes of beaks are commonly obtained from sources that contain little information on shape, compromising the determination of taxa. Thus, in this study, we used geometric morphometrics to analyze inter-specific differences in beak shape of six octopus species from the ...
DOI:
10.4002/040.064.0202