U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject branching Remove constraint Subject: branching Subject term branches Remove constraint Subject term: branches
Start Over

Search

358  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 50 of 358 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. 3‐D maps of tree canopy geometries at leaf scale: Ecological Archives E090‐019

Author:
Hervé Sinoquet; Sylvain Pincebourde; Boris Adam; Nicolas Donès; Jessada Phattaralerphong; Didier Combes; Stéphane Ploquin; Krissada Sangsing; Poonpipope Kasemsap; Sornprach Thanisawanyangkura; Géraldine Groussier-Bout; JérÔme Casas
Source:
Ecology 2009 v.90 no.1 pp. 283
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
allometry; apples; branches; branching; canopy; data collection; ecophysiology; fruit growing; fruit yield; leaf angle; leaf area; leafminers; leaves; mangoes; microclimate; models; mortality; primary productivity; risk; rubber; trees; walnuts
Abstract:
... The geometrical structure of plant canopies has many implications for plant functioning, microclimatic conditions, and plant‐pathogen/herbivore interactions. Plant geometry can be described at several scales. At the finest scale, canopy structure includes the shape, size, location, and orientation of each organ in the canopy. This data set reports the three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometry of a set of f ...
DOI:
10.1890/08-0179.1

2. A Deep Detection Network Based on Interaction of Instance Segmentation and Object Detection for SAR Images

Author:
Zitong Wu; Biao Hou; Bo Ren; Zhongle Ren; Shuang Wang; Licheng Jiao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.13 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
algorithms; branches; branching; data collection; design; extracts; image analysis; learning; remote sensing; shipping; ships; synthetic aperture radar
Abstract:
... Ship detection is a challenging task for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Ships have arbitrary directionality and multiple scales in SAR images. Furthermore, there is a lot of clutter near the ships. Traditional detection algorithms are not robust to these situations and easily cause redundancy in the detection area. With the continuous improvement in resolution, the traditional algorithms c ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13132582

3. A Multi-Branch Feature Fusion Strategy Based on an Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification

Author:
Cuiping Shi; Xin Zhao; Liguo Wang
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; computer vision; exhibitions; extracts; image analysis; neural networks; problem solving; remote sensing; weight
Abstract:
... In recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision, increasing attention has been paid to remote sensing image scene classification. To improve the classification performance, many studies have increased the depth of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and expanded the width of the network to extract more deep features, thereby increasing the complexity of the model. To solve this pro ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13101950

4. A developmentally based categorization of branching in Trifolium repens L.: influence of nodal roots

Author:
Thomas, R.G.; Hay, M.J.M.; Newton, P.C.D.
Source:
Annals of botany 2002 v.90 no.3 pp. 379-389
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
root systems; Trifolium repens; stolons; branching; internodes; biochemical pathways; rooting; branches; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... This study describes the successive stages of development of branches from axillary buds in fully rooted plants of Trifolium repens grown in near optimal conditions, and the way in which this developmental pathway differs when nodal root formation is prevented as plants grow out from a rooted base. Cuttings of a single genotype were established in a glasshouse with nodal root systems on the two ba ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/mcf200
PubMed:
12234150
PubMed Central:
PMC4240400

5. A fine-scale architectural model of trees to enhance LiDAR-derived measurements of forest canopy structure

Author:
Jean-François Côté; Richard A. Fournier; Gordon W. Frazer; K. Olaf Niemann
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2012 v.166-167 no. pp. 72-85
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
branches; branching; correlation; forest canopy; forest stands; leaf area; leaves; lidar; models; stand density; stand structure; tree and stand measurements; tree trunk; trees; vegetation
Abstract:
... Forest canopy structure consists of the complex spatial arrangement of the foliage, branches, and boles of trees. Measuring forest canopy structure is an active research question because of its influence on a wide range of biophysical and ecological processes. Light detection and ranging technology (LiDAR), both with airborne and terrestrial instruments, has been used to assess canopy structure an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.06.007

6. A gnotobiotic culture system with oak microcuttings to study specific effects of mycobionts on plant morphology before, and in the early phase of, ectomycorrhiza formation by Paxillus involutus and Piloderma croceum

Author:
S. HERRMANN; J.‐C. MUNCH; F. BUSCOT
Source:
new phytologist 1998 v.138 no.2 pp. 203-212
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; plant development; in vitro culture; root systems; Paxillus involutus; morphogenesis; seedlings; branching; vegetative propagation; leaf area; carbon; Quercus robur; branches; plant cuttings; roots; shoots
Abstract:
... Homogeneously developed oak (Quercus robur L.) microcuttings were challenged in a Petri‐dish system with the mycobionts Piloderma croceum J. Erikss. & Hjortst. and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. Non‐destructive observations over 10 wk followed by d. wt measurements at the end of the assays served to precisely characterize root and shoot development, dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization and morpho ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00105.x

7. A model for nonlinear flow behavior in two-dimensional fracture intersections and the estimation of flow model coefficients

Author:
Zhechao Wang; Jie Liu; Liping Qiao; Jinjin Yang; Jiafan Guo; Kanglin Li
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2022 v.30 no.3 pp. 865-879
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
Reynolds number; branches; branching; fluids; hydrogeology; journals; nonlinear models; rocks
Abstract:
... There are multiple flow paths with different flow directions in fracture intersections. A general flow model synthetically describing the nonlinear flow behavior of multiple flow paths in different directions in two-dimensional fracture intersections was proposed for the analysis of fluid flow in rock fracture networks. The flow behavior of seven typical fracture intersection models, according to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-022-02453-0

8. A new approach for augmenting branching of nursery trees and its comparison with other methods

Author:
Ersin Atay; Fatma Koyuncu
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2013 v.160 pp. 345-350
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
apples; branches; branching; intensive cropping; leaf area; orchards; tree trunk; trees
Abstract:
... Well-branched nursery trees have a significant impact on early cropping for intensive apple orchards. This study has been carried out to determine the most convenient branching treatments by using the plant material of ‘Mondial Gala’/M.9 nursery trees. Five treatments including control, T budding+PR, knipboom(50), knipboom(70) and fruitful tree (a new approach) were assessed for branching effects. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2013.06.025

9. A new basal euphyllophyte, Pauthecophyton gen. nov., from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Yunnan, China

Author:
Jin-Zhuang Xue; Shou-Gang Hao; Xiao Zhu; De-Ming Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2012 v.183 no. pp. 9-20
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
branches; branching; dehiscence; exine; new genus; new species; paleobotany; phytogeography; plant taxonomy; sporangia; spores; China
Abstract:
... Pauthecophyton gracile gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation near Zhichang Village of Wenshan District, southeastern Yunnan, China. This plant consists of pseudomonopodially and dichotomously branched main axes and lateral branches. Some laterals are pseudomonopodially divided producing three to four times dichotomously branched systems terminating i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.07.009

10. A new sampling method in the Zagros forests using GIS (case study: Ilam forests of Iran)

Author:
A. Karamshahi
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2019 v.30 no.6 pp. 2079-2085
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
branches; branching; canopy; case studies; forest inventory; forest management; forests; geographic information systems; planning; sampling; t-test; trees; Iran
Abstract:
... One of the basic parameters in forest management planning is detailed knowledge of growing stock, information collected by forest inventory. Sampling methods must be accurate, inexpensive, and be easy to implement in the field. This study presents a new sampling method called branching transect for use in the Iranian Zagros forests and similar forests. Features of the new method include greater ac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-018-0781-8

11. A new species of Adoketophyton from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, China

Author:
Xiao Zhu; Jin-Zhuang Xue; Shou-Gang Hao; De-Ming Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2011 v.164 no.3-4 pp. 238-246
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
branches; branching; convergent evolution; new species; paleobotany; plant taxonomy; sporangia; China
Abstract:
... A new species of early vascular plant, Adoketophyton parvulum sp. nov., is described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, China. The plant is composed of main axes, lateral vegetative branches and isotomous or anisotomous fertile axes. The vegetative axes branch isotomously or pseudomonopodially in three dimensions, with some laterals ending in terminal circinately co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.01.003

12. A positive approach to branching

Author:
Bart J Janssen; Revel SM Drummond; Susan E Ledger; Kimberley C Snowden
Source:
Plant signaling & behavior 2010 v.5 no.4 pp. 422-424
ISSN:
1559-2324
Subject:
plant development; plant hormones; lactones; meristems; branching; signal transduction; translocation (plant physiology); biochemical pathways; environmental factors; carotenoids; branches; roots; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Plants regulate the development of branches in response to environmental and developmental signals in order to maximise reproductive success. A number of hormone signals are involved in the regulation of branching and both their production and transmission affect axillary meristem outgrowth. With the identification of strigolactones as root-derived branch inhibitors it seems likely that a biochemi ...
DOI:
10.4161/psb.5.4.10846
PubMed:
20118665
PubMed Central:
PMC7080421

13. A quantitative study of lateral branching in petunia

Author:
Snowden, Kimberley C.; Napoli, Carolyn A.
Source:
Functional plant biology 2003 v.30 no.9 pp. 987-994
ISSN:
1445-4408
Subject:
Petunia hybrida; branches; branching; buds; flowering; flowers; mutants; phenotype; shoots
Abstract:
... The monopodial shoot axis of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm) has two different patterns of branch development. Basal lateral branching develops acropetally and is limited to a discrete number of nodes that correlate with the late rosette phase of growth (Zone II). Two zones of suppressed buds immediately precede and follow this zone of branching. Apical branching occurs in response to flowering, de ...
DOI:
10.1071/FP03081

14. A reinvestigation of the Cladoxylopsid Pseudosporochnus nodosus Leclercq et Banks from the middle Devonian of Goe, Belgium

Author:
Berry, C.M.; Fairon-Demaret, M.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.3 pp. 350-372
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
branching; branches; plant morphology; paleobotany; Belgium
DOI:
10.1086/297447

15. A review of Lembophyllum Lindb. (Bryopsida: Lembophyllaceae)

Author:
R. S. Tangney
Source:
Journal of bryology 2008 v.30 no.1 pp. 41-47
ISSN:
1743-2820
Subject:
branches; branching; bryology; ecology; journals; leaves; planting
Abstract:
... A review of the Australasian genus Lembophyllum is presented. The two species recognized, L. clandestinum and L. divulsum, are illustrated and a key is provided, along with an evaluation of the characters that separate them and notes on their ecology and distribution. L. divulsum differs from L. clandestinum in being a smaller plant, with narrower branches. L. divulsum has leaves that are as wide ...
DOI:
10.1179/174328208X282210

16. A study of branching patterns in Bazzania (Jungermanniales, Lepidoziaceae)

Author:
David Meagher
Source:
Polish Botanical Journal 2013 v.58 no.2 pp. 481-489
ISSN:
2084-4352
Subject:
branches; branching; mosses and liverworts; siblings
Abstract:
... Branching patterns in the leafy liverwort genus Bazzania Gray were investigated in twenty-five Australasian species. Terminal branching was found to be neither consistently sinistrorse nor consistently dextrorse, and neither consistently homodromous nor consistently antidromous. Microphyllous ventral-intercalary branches arising from stems usually have ‘siblings’ arising from main branches. The pr ...
DOI:
10.2478/pbj-2013-0042

17. A thorny issue: Woody plant defence and growth in an East African savanna

Author:
Benjamin J. Wigley; Corli Coetsee; David J. Augustine; Jayashree Ratnam; Dawood Hattas; Mahesh Sankaran
Source:
journal of ecology 2019 v.107 no.4 pp. 1839-1851
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
branches; branching; browsing; canopy; chemical defenses; herbivores; leaves; mammals; nitrogen; nutrition; plant growth; savannas; secondary metabolites; woody plants; Kenya
Abstract:
... Recent work suggests that savanna woody plant species utilise two different strategies based on their defences against herbivory; a low nutrient/high chemical defence strategy and a nutrition paired with mostly architectural defences strategy. The concept that chemical and structural defences can augment each other and do not necessarily trade‐off has emanated from this work. In this study, we exa ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.13140

18. A tomato strigolactone-impaired mutant displays aberrant shoot morphology and plant interactions

Author:
Koltai, Hinanit; LekKala, Sivarama P.; Bhattacharya, Chaitali; Mayzlish-Gati, Einav; Resnick, Nathalie; Wininger, Smadar; Dor, Evgenya; Yoneyama, Kaori; Yoneyama, Koichi; Hershenhorn, Joseph; Joel, Daniel M.; Kapulnik, Yoram
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 2010 v.61 no.6 pp. 1739-1749
ISSN:
0022-0957
Subject:
tomatoes; plant growth; rice; Arabidopsis; mycorrhizal fungi; Solanum lycopersicum; peas; plant hormones; branching; Orobanche; scions; rootstocks; mutants; Rhizophagus intraradices; species diversity; branches; plant morphology; roots; parasitic plants; shoots
Abstract:
... Strigolactones are considered a new group of plant hormones. Their role as modulators of plant growth and signalling molecules for plant interactions first became evident in Arabidopsis, pea, and rice mutants that were flawed in strigolactone production, release, or perception. The first evidence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) of strigolactone deficiency is presented here. Sl-ORT1, previously id ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/erq041
PubMed:
20194924
PubMed Central:
PMC2852664

19. A whole calamitacean plant Palaeostachya guanglongii from the Asselian (Permian) Taiyuan Formation in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Li Liu; Josef Pšenička; Jiří Bek; Mingli Wan; Hermann W. Pfefferkorn; Jun Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2021 v.294 pp. 104245
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Asselian age; bracts; branches; branching; leaves; new species; phenotypic plasticity; sporangia; spores; swamps; volcanic ash; wood; China
Abstract:
... A new whole-plant species of a calamitacean, Palaeostachya guanglongii sp. nov., is described in a volcanic ash bed from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, North China. It was an approximately 2–3 m high shrub-like plant growing in a peat-forming swamp. It is characterized by three-orders of axes. The stem (first-order axis) bifurcates, resulting in two equal-sized majo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104245

20. Accumulation rate of ABA in detached maize roots correlates with root water potential regardless of age and branching order

Author:
Simonneau, T.; Barrieu, P.; Tardieu, F.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1998 v.21 no.11 pp. 1113-1122
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
abscisic acid; air drying; branches; branching; corn; drought; models; root tips; root water potential; shoots; water content
Abstract:
... How much ABA can be supplied by the roots is a key issue for modelling the ABA-mediated influence of drought on shoot physiology. We quantified accumulation rates of ABA (SABA) in maize roots that were detached from well-watered plants and dehydrated to various extents by air-drying. SABA was estimated from changes in ABA content in root segments incubated at constant relative water content (RWC). ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00344.x

21. Accurate Instance Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images via Adaptive and Dynamic Feature Learning

Author:
Feng Yang; Xiangyue Yuan; Jie Ran; Wenqiang Shu; Yue Zhao; Anyong Qin; Chenqiang Gao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; image analysis; models; prediction; remote sensing; sampling; shape; surfaces
Abstract:
... Instance segmentation for high-resolution remote sensing images (HRSIs) is a fundamental yet challenging task in earth observation, which aims at achieving instance-level location and pixel-level classification for instances of interest on the earth’s surface. The main difficulties come from the huge scale variation, arbitrary instance shapes, and numerous densely packed small objects in HRSIs. In ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13234774

22. Adaptation of Growth Form in Echium Leucophaeum (Boraginaceae)

Author:
Kornelius Lems; Christina M. Holzapfel
Source:
Ecology 1971 v.52 no.3 pp. 499-506
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Echium; altitude; branches; branching; climate; ecotypes; evaporation; flowering; fruiting; gardens; periodicity; physiological response; rain; sea level; seedlings; temperature; wind speed; woody plants; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Ecotype formation in eight populations of Echium leucophaeum was studied on La Palma (Canary Islands) at 100—m intervals from sea level to 600 m elevation. Climate varied with altitude, the lower elevation having higher temperatures, evaporation, and wind velocity and lower rainfall. A method for recording growth form of individual plants was developed whereby lateral branch production and branchi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937633

23. Agent-based modelling of clonal plant propagation across space: Recapturing fairy rings, power laws and other phenomena

Author:
Sanders Wong; Madhur Anand; Chris T. Bauch
Source:
Ecological informatics 2011 v.6 no.2 pp. 127-135
ISSN:
1574-9541
Subject:
branches; branching; clones; dieback; plant propagation; population density; simulation models
Abstract:
... Many plants reproduce clonally through vegetative extensions (spacers). This results in a patch of clones connected through a network of spacers. The resulting network has a nontrivial spatial pattern that can be an important determinant of survival and fitness of the clonal plant. Here, we develop general growth rules that dictate how individual clones under local density-dependent conditions add ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.11.004

24. Allometric equations based on a fractal branching model for estimating aboveground biomass of four native tree species in the Philippines

Author:
Santos Martin, F.; Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M.; Mulia, R.; van Noordwijk, M.
Source:
Agroforestry systems 2010 v.78 no.3 pp. 193-202
ISSN:
0167-4366
Subject:
Shorea; model validation; Vitex; nondestructive methods; shoots; Artocarpus heterophyllus; leaves; Pterocarpus indicus; forest trees; diameter; equations; aerial parts; spatial variation; branches; dry matter partitioning; plant architecture; allometry; branching; indigenous species; Philippines
Abstract:
... Fractal branching models can provide a non-destructive and generic tool for estimating tree shoot and root length and biomass, but field validation is rarely described in the literature. We compared estimates of above ground tree biomass for four indigenous tree used on farm in the Philippines based on the WanFBA model tree architecture with data from destructive sampling. Allometric equations for ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10457-009-9271-5

25. An architectural approach to the growth forms of Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae) along an altitudinal gradient

Author:
Stecconi, Marina; Puntieri, Javier G.; Barthelemy, Daniel
Source:
Botany 2010 v.88 no.8 pp. 699–709
ISSN:
1916-2804
Subject:
forest trees; shrubs; montane forests; plant architecture; diameter; geographical variation; branching; internodes; height; treeline; altitude; branches; Nothofagus pumilio; Argentina
DOI:
10.1139/B10-040

26. An architectural model of trees to estimate forest structural attributes using terrestrial LiDAR

Author:
Jean-François Côté; Richard A. Fournier; Richard Egli
Source:
Environmental modelling & software 2011 v.26 no.6 pp. 761-777
ISSN:
1364-8152
Subject:
algorithms; allometry; branches; branching; computer software; conifers; environmental models; forest canopy; forests; leaves; lidar; trees; wind
Abstract:
... Terrestrial lidar (TLiDAR) has been used increasingly over recent years to assess tree architecture and to extract metrics of forest canopies. Analysis of TLiDAR data remains a difficult task mainly due to the effects of object occlusion and wind on the quality of the retrieved results. We propose to link TLiDAR and tree structure attributes by means of an architectural model. The proposed methodo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.008

27. Analysis of branching in spring-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus L.): the significance of the number of axillary buds

Author:
Munier-Jolain, N.M.; Ney, B.; Duthion, C.
Source:
Annals of botany 1996 v.77 no.2 pp. 123-131
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Lupinus albus; plant development; branching; buds; branches; plant density; plant morphology; leaves; photoperiod; air temperature; dry matter accumulation; sowing date; genotype; France
Abstract:
... Plant density and sowing date were shown to affect branching in spring-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), but the response varied among environments. The patterns of primary and secondary branching in the cv. Lublanc were studied as a function of both the number of axillary buds and the plant growth rate. Field experiments that used a wide range of sowing dates and plant densities to alter plant ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0014

28. Analysis of the 'A72' Peach Tree Growth Habit and Its Inheritance in Progeny Obtained from Crosses of 'A72' with Columnar Peach Trees

Author:
Hu, Dongyan; Scorza, Ralph
Source:
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2009 v.134 no.2 pp. 236-243
ISSN:
0003-1062
Subject:
tree growth; cultivars; plant breeding; flowering; peaches; plant architecture; pleiotropy; branching; phenology; Prunus persica; genotype; gene segregation; branches; incomplete dominance
Abstract:
... Since the first report of the 'A72' semidwarf peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree in 1975, no new information has become available on this genotype. We evaluated the growth habit and verified the inheritance of 'A72' in a population of 220 progeny derived from self-pollination. Detailed tree and branch measurements revealed a unique forked-branch (FBR) character of the 'A72' (Nn) phenotype. Th ...
Handle:
10113/32626

29. Analysis of the DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE Genes of Petunia in the Control of Axillary Branching

Author:
Simons, Joanne L.; Napoli, Carolyn A.; Janssen, Bart J.; Plummer, Kim M.; Snowden, Kimberley C.
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.143 no.2 pp. 697-706
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Petunia hybrida; apical dominance; branches; branching; flowering; gene expression; genes; germination; grafting (plants); mutants; phenotype; plant architecture; roots; shoots
Abstract:
... Control of branch development is a major determinant of architecture in plants. Branching in petunia (Petunia hybrida) is controlled by the DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE (DAD) genes. Gene functions were investigated by plant grafting, morphology studies, double-mutant characterization, and gene expression analysis. Both dad1-1 and dad3 increased branching mutants can be reverted to a near-wild-type p ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.087957
PubMed:
17158589
PubMed Central:
PMC1803742

30. Analytical methodology for multidimensional size/branch-length distributions for branched glucose polymers using off-line 2-dimensional size-exclusion chromatography and enzymatic treatment

Author:
Francisco Vilaplana; Robert G. Gilbert
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2011 v.1218 no.28 pp. 4434-4444
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
amylopectin; amylose; biosynthesis; branches; branching; enzymatic treatment; gel chromatography; glucose; glycogen; hydrodynamics; isoamylase; light scattering; polymers; refractive index
Abstract:
... Instrumental and procedural optimizations are developed for a new method to obtain 2-dimensional distributions for branched homopolymers based on size and branching. The method uses 2-dimensional off-line size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and chemical debranching, in this case using debranching enzymes on branched glucose polymers. This treatment, first presented for the 2D weight and number dis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.027

31. Antitermitic activity of extracts from Chamaecyparis obtusa branch heartwood

Author:
Takuya Morikawa; Tatsuya Ashitani; Hisayoshi Kofujita; Koetsu Takahashi
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2014 v.72 no.5 pp. 651-657
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Chamaecyparis obtusa; Reticulitermes speratus; antifeedants; antifeeding activity; branches; branching; ethyl acetate; heartwood; lignans; methanol; sesquiterpenoids
Abstract:
... The antitermitic activity of extracts from the branch heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) against Japanese termites (Reticulitermes speratus) was compared with that of the trunk. Samples of branch and trunk heartwood were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol successively. n-Hexane extracts of branch and trunk heartwood were strongly antitermitic, and branch heartwood contain ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-014-0830-8

32. Aphids at crossroads: when branch architecture alters aphid infestation patterns in the apple tree

Author:
Sylvaine Simon; Karine Morel; Emilie Durand; Géraldine Brevalle; Thierry Girard; Pierre-Éric Lauri
Source:
Trees 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 273-282
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Dysaphis plantaginea; apples; branches; branching; fruit growing; pests; plant architecture; plant growth; shoots; spring; trees
Abstract:
... Plant architecture highly constrains pest infestation but is rarely considered in studies on plant–insect interactions. We analysed the relationships between apple tree architectural traits manipulated by tree training and within-branch development of Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid, RAA), a major apple pest, during its multiplication wingless phase in spring. We hypothesised that the degre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-011-0629-8

33. Apical control of branch growth and angle in woody plants

Author:
Wilson, B.F.
Source:
American journal of botany 2000 v.87 no.5 pp. 601-607
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
apical meristems; nutrient transport; buds; stem form; plant growth substances; branching; age; apical dominance; photosynthesis; woody plants; gravity; dormancy; branches; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Apical control is the inhibition of a lateral branch growth by shoots above it (distal shoots). If the distal shoots are cut off to remove apical control, the lateral branch can grow larger and may bend upwards. Apical control starts when new lateral buds grow after passing through a period of dormancy. Buds initially break and produce leaves, then apical control is exerted and the lower (proximal ...
PubMed:
10811784

34. Apical dominance as an adaptation in Verbascum thapsus: effects of water and nutrients on branching

Author:
Lortie, C.J.; Aarssen, L.W.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.4 pp. 461-464
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
Verbascum thapsus; nutrient availability; branching; plant characteristics; height; apical dominance; length; NPK fertilizers; branches
DOI:
10.1086/297456

35. Apple rootstock effect on the quality of planting material

Author:
Kviklys, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2004 no.658 pp. 641-645
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
apples; branches; branching; cultivars; horticulture; planting; rootstocks; seedlings; trees; vigor
Abstract:
... In 1999-2001, at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, the effects of apple rootstocks M.26Vf, M.26, MM.106Vf, MM.106, B.118, B.396, P 60, P 22 and Antonovka seedlings on the quality of one-year-old planting material were studied. Ten apple cultivars were included in the trial. The influence of rootstock on tree height, stem diameter, lateral branching and spur formation and branch length was ...

36. Apple shoot architecture: evidence for strong variability of bud size and composition and hydraulics within a branching zone

Author:
Pierre‐Éric Lauri; Guillaume Bourdel; Catherine Trottier; Hervé Cochard
Source:
new phytologist 2008 v.178 no.4 pp. 798-807
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Malus domestica; appendages; apples; branches; branching; buds; cultivars; fluid mechanics; growing season; leaves; sap; shoots; trees
Abstract:
... • In the apple tree (Malus domestica), shoot architecture – the distribution of lateral bud types and growth along the parent shoot – has been extensively investigated. The distal zone of a shoot is characterized by a high proportion of vegetative or floral axillary branches mixed with latent buds and aborted laterals. The hypothesis tested here was that bud development was related to hydraulic co ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02416.x
PubMed:
18346105

37. Application of L-systems to geometrical construction of chamise and juniper shrubs

Author:
Dallan R. Prince; Marianne E. Fletcher; Chen Shen; Thomas H. Fletcher
Source:
Ecological modelling 2014 v.273 pp. 86-95
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
Adenostoma fasciculatum; Juniperus osteosperma; branches; branching; bulk density; combustion; fire spread; fires; fuel bed; fuels; leaves; models; shrubs; trees
Abstract:
... Improved models of fire spread and fire characteristics are desired for live shrub fuels, since the majority of existing research efforts focus on either dead fuel beds or crown fires in trees. Efforts have been made to improve live fuel modeling, including detailed studies of individual leaf combustion, with results incorporated into a shrub combustion model for broadleaf species. However, this a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.11.001

38. Arabidopsis Inositol Polyphosphate 6-/3-Kinase (AtIpk2β) Is Involved in Axillary Shoot Branching via Auxin Signaling

Author:
Zhang, Zai-Bao; Yang, Guang; Arana, Fernando; Chen, Zhen; Li, Yan; Xia, Hui-Jun
Source:
Plant physiology 2007 v.144 no.2 pp. 942-951
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; branches; branching; buds; genes; indole acetic acid; inositol phosphates; metabolism; mutants; myo-inositol; shoots
Abstract:
... The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase gene (AtIpk2β) is known to participate in inositol phosphate metabolism. However, little is known about its physiological functions in higher plants. Here, we report that AtIpk2β regulates Arabidopsis axillary shoot branching. By overexpressing AtIpk2β in the wild type and mutants, we found that overexpression of AtIpk2β lea ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.106.092163
PubMed:
17434984
PubMed Central:
PMC1914203

39. Architecture of the skeletal root system of 40-year-old Picea abies on strongly acidified soils in the Harz Mountains (Germany)

Author:
Drexhage, M.; Gruber, F.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1998 v.28 no.1 pp. 13-22
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
microhabitats; height; water uptake; roots; shoots; nutrient uptake; Picea abies; length; root shoot ratio; forest decline; diameter; plant characteristics; stand density; branches; biomass; dry matter partitioning; root systems; acid soils; branching; conifer needles; Germany
Abstract:
... Altogether 15 root systems, five at each of three plots (north- and south-facing slopes and plateau), of 40-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees with different symptoms of forest decline were excavated down to a root diameter of 0.5 cm. The object was to investigate the variability of root morphology and to assess the influence of environmental variation on the architecture of the woody root sys ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-181

40. Assessing internal epicormic dynamics in Quercus alba L. using CT scanning: the strong effects of shoot development and tree growth relative to progeny level genetic variation

Author:
Andrew Meier; Mike R. Saunders
Source:
Trees 2013 v.27 no.4 pp. 865-877
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Quercus alba; branches; branching; computed tomography; genetic variation; models; ontogeny; progeny; shoots; tree growth; trees; vigor; United States
Abstract:
... Epicormic branches can be a serious silvicultural problem in many Quercus species because of the potential reduction in log value associated with their occurrence. The phenomenon is also problematic for tree improvement since the genetic component of epicormic branching has not been well quantified. The strong influence of ontogeny on epicormic development in Quercus is well established; however, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-013-0840-x

41. Assessing variability in root traits of wild Lupinus angustifolius germplasm: basis for modelling root system structure

Author:
Ying Long Chen; Vanessa M. Dunbabin; Art J. Diggle; Kadambot H. M. Siddique; Zed Rengel
Source:
Plant and soil 2012 v.354 no.1-2 pp. 141-155
ISSN:
0032-079X
Subject:
Lupinus angustifolius; branches; branching; cluster analysis; crops; developmental stages; domestication; edaphic factors; genotype; germplasm; models; principal component analysis; root systems; roots
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intra-specific variation in root system architecture and consequent efficiency of resource capture by major crops has received recent attention. The aim of this study was to assess variability in a number of root traits among wild genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), to provide a basis for modelling of root structure. METHODS: A subset of 111 genotypes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11104-011-1050-1

42. Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers

Author:
F. Douglas Shields Jr.; Carlos V. Alonso
Source:
Water Resources Research 2012 v.48 no.4 pp. 1-16
Subject:
bark; branches; branching; drag coefficient; ecology; rivers; roughness; steady flow; stream flow; streams; submergence; wind tunnels; wood
Abstract:
... Large wood (LW) exerts an important influence on the geomorphology and ecology of streams and rivers. The magnitudes of flow forces on LW are needed to support stream management activities and are typically computed using time mean lift and drag coefficients determined in laboratory flumes using small, smooth cylinders. Herein we report measurements of forces on LW of varying complexity (simple cy ...
Handle:
10113/58924
DOI:
10.1029/2011WR011547

43. Assimilation, Partitioning, and Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sweet Compared with Grain Sorghum

Author:
D. M. Vietor; F. R. Miller
Source:
Crop science 1990 v.30 no.5 pp. 1109-1115
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbon dioxide; hybrids; grain crops; branches; photosynthates; gas exchange; branching; net assimilation rate; leaf area; gibberellic acid; maturity stage; defoliation; Sorghum bicolor; genetic variation; sweet sorghum
Abstract:
... Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in stems are greater for sweet than grain sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Knowledge of plant characteristics associated with high nonstructural carbohydrates in sweet sorghum will aid efforts to increase nonstructural carbohydrates in grain sorghum stems. This study tested the hypothesis that variation of CO₂ assimilation rate, leaf area, branching ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000050030x

44. AtMBD9 modulates Arabidopsis development through the dual epigenetic pathways of DNA methylation and histone acetylation

Author:
Yaish, Mahmoud W.F.; Peng, Mingsheng; Rothstein, Steven J.
Source:
Plant journal 2009 v.59 no.1 pp. 123-135
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA; DNA methylation; acetylation; branches; branching; buds; epigenetics; flowering; flowers; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; histones; loci; mutation; phenotype; regulator genes; signal transduction; transcription factors
Abstract:
... Mutations within the Arabidopsis METHYL-CpG BINDING DOMAIN 9 gene (AtMBD9) cause pleotropic phenotypes including early flowering and multiple lateral branches. Early flowering was previously attributed to the repression of flowering locus C (FLC) due to a reduction in histone acetylation. However, the reasons for other phenotypic variations remained obscure. Recent studies suggest an important fun ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03860.x
PubMed:
19419532

45. AtMBD9: a protein with a methyl-CpG-binding domain regulates flowering time and shoot branching in Arabidopsis

Author:
Peng, Mingsheng; Cui, Yuhai; Bi, Yong-Mei; Rothstein, Steven J.
Source:
plant journal 2006 v.46 no.2 pp. 282-296
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA methylation; DNA-binding domains; acetylation; alleles; auxins; biochemical pathways; branches; branching; buds; chromatin; flowering; gene expression; loci; mutants; mutation; phenotype; shoots; transfer DNA; wild plants
Abstract:
... The functional characterization of mammalian proteins containing a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) has revealed that MBD proteins can decipher the epigenetic information encoded by DNA methylation, and integrate DNA methylation, modification of chromatin structure and repression of gene expression. The Arabidopsis genome has 13 putative genes encoding MBD proteins, and no specific biological funct ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02691.x
PubMed:
16623890

46. Auxin and cytokinin related gene expression during active shoot growth and latent bud paradormancy in Vitis riparia grapevine

Author:
Dong He; Kathy Mathiason; Anne Fennell
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 2012 v.169 no.6 pp. 643-648
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
Vitis riparia; amidase; auxins; branches; branching; buds; canopy; cytokinins; decapitation; gene expression; genes; histones; leaves; meristems; monitoring; shoots; summer; transporters
Abstract:
... Cultural practices for canopy management in grapevines rely on intensive manipulation of shoot architecture to maintain canopy light levels. In contrast to common model plant systems used to study regulation of branch outgrowth, the grapevine has a more complex architecture. The node contains first, second and third order axillary meristems. The prompt bud (N+1) develops into a summer lateral and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.001
PubMed:
22321693

47. Auxin levels and MAX1–4 and TAC1 gene expression in different growth habits of peach

Author:
Thomas Tworkoski; Kevin Webb; Ann Callahan
Source:
Plant growth regulation 2015 v.77 no.3 pp. 279-288
ISSN:
0167-6903
Subject:
Prunus persica; auxins; branches; branching; breeding; budbreak; gene expression; genes; genotype; greenhouses; mechanism of action; orchards; peaches; pruning; roots; shoots; temporal variation; tree growth; trees
Abstract:
... Branch orientation and distribution determine tree architecture that can influence orchard design and management. Peach [Prunus persica L. (Batch)] trees with three different branching genotypes were evaluated: fewer, nearly vertical branches (pillar), less vertical and more spreading branches (upright), and more abundant, least vertical branches (standard). Auxin concentrations and expression of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10725-015-0062-x

48. BIFURCATE FLOWER TRUSS: a novel locus controlling inflorescence branching in tomato contains a defective MAP kinase gene

Author:
Demetryus Silva Ferreira; Zoltan Kevei; Tomasz Kurowski; Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca; Fady Mohareb; Leonardo S Boiteux; Andrew J Thompson
Source:
Journal of experimental botany 2018 v.69 no.10 pp. 2581-2593
ISSN:
1460-2431
Subject:
Arabidopsis; DNA; Solanum galapagense; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; alleles; amino acid sequences; branches; branching; flowers; genetic lines; introgression; leucine; loci; mitogen-activated protein kinase; mutants; mutation; stop codon; temperature; tomatoes; Galapagos Islands
Abstract:
... A mutant line, bifurcate flower truss (bif), was recovered from a tomato genetics programme. Plants from the control line produced a mean of 0.16 branches per truss, whereas the value for bif plants was 4.1. This increase in branching was accompanied by a 3.3-fold increase in flower number and showed a significant interaction with exposure to low temperature during truss development. The control l ...
DOI:
10.1093/jxb/ery076
PubMed:
29509915
PubMed Central:
PMC5920302

49. Bank branch deposit competitiveness and deposit growth: Granular data and a new measure of competitiveness

Author:
Joshua Cave; Kevin Keasey; Danilo V. Mascia
Source:
Economics letters 2022 v.210 pp. 110174
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
banking; branches; branching; market structure; research policy
Abstract:
... We investigate the relationship between deposit growth and branch deposit competitiveness. We introduce a new measure of competitiveness focused at the branch level that utilizes granular product data. We find more competitive branches have higher rates of deposit growth that vary across product types and local market structures. The new measure of competitiveness at the branch level is intended t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110174

50. BdVIL4 regulates flowering time and branching through repressing miR156 in ambient temperature dependent way in Brachypodium distachyon

Author:
Yanrong An; Yuyu Guo; Chengcheng Liu; Hailong An
Source:
Plant physiology and biochemistry 2015 v.89 pp. 92-99
ISSN:
0981-9428
Subject:
Brachypodium distachyon; RNA; RNA interference; ambient temperature; branches; branching; flowering; genes; proteins; tissues; vernalization
Abstract:
... Responsing to environmental signals, VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 (VIN3) family proteins are involved in plant development control by repressing the target genes epigenecticly together with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) complex. BdVIL4 is a VIN3 like gene in Brachypodium distachyon, preferentially expressed in young tissues spatially. The RNAi plants were constructed to study the function of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.013