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1. Bank branch deposit competitiveness and deposit growth: Granular data and a new measure of competitiveness

Author:
Joshua Cave; Kevin Keasey; Danilo V. Mascia
Source:
Economics letters 2022 v.210 pp. 110174
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
banking; branches; branching; market structure; research policy
Abstract:
... We investigate the relationship between deposit growth and branch deposit competitiveness. We introduce a new measure of competitiveness focused at the branch level that utilizes granular product data. We find more competitive branches have higher rates of deposit growth that vary across product types and local market structures. The new measure of competitiveness at the branch level is intended t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110174

2. Coupling Complementary Strategy to U-Net Based Convolution Neural Network for Detecting Lunar Impact Craters

Author:
Yuqing Mao; Rongao Yuan; Wei Li; Yijing Liu
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
artificial intelligence; branches; branching; exhibitions; extracts; fields; image analysis; map projections; neural networks; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Lunar crater detection plays an important role in lunar exploration, while machine learning (ML) exhibits promising advantages in the field. However, previous ML works almost all used a single type of lunar map, such as an elevation map (DEM) or orthographic projection map (WAC), to extract crater features; the two types of images have individual limitations on reflecting the crater features, whic ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14030661

3. Developmental Self-Assembly of a DNA Ring with Stimulus-Responsive Size and Growth Direction

Author:
Allison T. Glynn; Samuel R. Davidson; Lulu Qian
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022 v.144 no.22 pp. 10075-10079
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
Americans; DNA; behavior; branches; branching; journals; kinesin; nanomaterials; population structure; synthetic products
Abstract:
... Developmental self-assembly of DNA nanostructures provides an ideal platform for studying the power and programmability of kinetically controlled structural growth in engineered molecular systems. Triggered initiation and designated sequencing of assembly and disassembly steps have been demonstrated in structures with branches and loops. Here we introduce a new strategy for selectively activating ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c03853

4. Influence of water diversion system topologies and operation scenarios on the damping characteristics of hydropower units under ultra-low frequency oscillations

Author:
Xueding Lu; Chaoshun Li; Dong Liu; Zhiwei Zhu; Xiaoqiang Tan
Source:
Energy 2022 v.239 pp. 122679
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
branches; branching; energy; exhibitions; methodology; oscillation; physical phases; pipes; simulation models; tanks; topology; water power; wills
Abstract:
... Ultra-low frequency oscillations are the typical dynamic stability problem of hydropower-dominated power systems. Hydraulic factors can directly affect hydropower unit damping, and related studies focus on the influence of hydraulic parameters on unit damping under a fixed operation situation, while ignoring the characteristics of water diversion system topologies (WDST) and diverse hydropower ope ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2021.122679

5. The Journal of Comparative Physiology A: rooted in great tradition, committed to innovation and discovery

Author:
Günther K. H. Zupanc
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2022 v.208 no.2 pp. 213-223
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
branches; branching; evolution; journals; neurophysiology; organizations; rooting; roots; traditions
Abstract:
... The current volume of the Journal of Comparative Physiology A marks a transition in editorship. This event provides the opportunity to reflect on the 98 years of the history of the Journal; on the impact of its legacy on the evolution of neuroethology and the comparative branches of sensory physiology and neurobiology; and on future changes in editorial organization and content. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-021-01526-x

6. Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation Network for Water Area Segmentation

Author:
Kai Hu; Meng Li; Min Xia; Haifeng Lin
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; design; exhibitions; extracts; image analysis; information processing; mining; remote sensing; spatial data
Abstract:
... Water area segmentation is an important branch of remote sensing image segmentation, but in reality, most water area images have complex and diverse backgrounds. Traditional detection methods cannot accurately identify small tributaries due to incomplete mining and insufficient utilization of semantic information, and the edge information of segmentation is rough. To solve the above problems, we p ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14010206

7. Noninvasive electrocardiographic parameters to assess interventricular dyssynchrony in dogs with bundle branch blocks

Author:
S. Battaia; M. Perego; C. Perciballi; D. Cavallini; R. Santilli
Source:
Journal of veterinary cardiology 2022 v.41 pp. 134-144
ISSN:
1760-2734
Subject:
branches; branching; bundling; dogs; electrocardiography; journals; prediction
Abstract:
... To define electrocardiographic features of complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right bundle branch block (RBBB), and the use of R-peak time (RPT) to identify interventricular dyssynchrony in dogs with BBB. Twelve-lead ECG tracings of 20 dogs with RBBB, 20 with LBBB, and 60 healthy dogs were retrospectively analyzed and RPT was measured in precordial leads. Interventricular dyssynchrony in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jvc.2022.02.005

8. Remote Sensing Pansharpening by Full-Depth Feature Fusion

Author:
Zi-Rong Jin; Yu-Wei Zhuo; Tian-Jing Zhang; Xiao-Xu Jin; Shuaiqi Jing; Liang-Jian Deng
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; extracts; image analysis; remote sensing; wills
Abstract:
... Pansharpening is an important yet challenging remote sensing image processing task, which aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) multispectral (MS) image by fusing a HR panchromatic (PAN) image and a low-resolution (LR) MS image. Though deep learning (DL)-based pansharpening methods have achieved encouraging performance, they are infeasible to fully utilize the deep semantic features and shall ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14030466

9. Take a deep breath… The evolution of the respiratory system of symphytognathoid spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea)

Author:
Lara Lopardo; Peter Michalik; Gustavo Hormiga
Source:
Organisms, diversity, & evolution 2022 v.22 no.1 pp. 231-263
ISSN:
1439-6092
Subject:
Araneidae; branches; branching; breathing; exhibitions; lungs; phylogeny; spiders
Abstract:
... Spiders are unique in having a dual respiratory system with book lungs and tracheae, and most araneomorph spiders breathe simultaneously via book lungs and tracheae, or tracheae alone. The respiratory organs of spiders are diverse but relatively conserved within families. The small araneoid spiders of the symphytognathoid clade exhibit a remarkably high diversity of respiratory organs and arrangem ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13127-021-00524-w

10. Unsupervised Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Guided by Visible Images

Author:
Zili Zhang; Yan Tian; Jianxiang Li; Yiping Xu
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; exhibitions; image analysis; remote sensing; texture
Abstract:
... Remote sensing images are widely used in many applications. However, due to being limited by the sensors, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution (HR) images from remote sensing images. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised cross-domain super-resolution method devoted to reconstructing a low-resolution (LR) remote sensing image guided by an unpaired HR visible natural image. Therefore, ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14061513

11. A model for nonlinear flow behavior in two-dimensional fracture intersections and the estimation of flow model coefficients

Author:
Zhechao Wang; Jie Liu; Liping Qiao; Jinjin Yang; Jiafan Guo; Kanglin Li
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2022 v.30 no.3 pp. 865-879
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
Reynolds number; branches; branching; fluids; hydrogeology; journals; nonlinear models; rocks
Abstract:
... There are multiple flow paths with different flow directions in fracture intersections. A general flow model synthetically describing the nonlinear flow behavior of multiple flow paths in different directions in two-dimensional fracture intersections was proposed for the analysis of fluid flow in rock fracture networks. The flow behavior of seven typical fracture intersection models, according to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-022-02453-0

12. Arbolodinines A−C, biologically-active aspidofractinine-aspidofractinine, aspidofractinine-strychnan, and kopsine-strychnan bisindole alkaloids from Kopsia arborea

Author:
Soon-Kit Wong; Joanne Soon-Yee Yeap; Chun-Hoe Tan; Kae-Shin Sim; Siew-Huah Lim; Yun-Yee Low; Toh-Seok Kam
Source:
Tetrahedron 2021 v.78 pp. 131802
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
alkaloids; bark extracts; branching; cell lines; cytotoxicity; humans; neoplasm cells; spectral analysis; zwitterions
Abstract:
... Three new bisindole alkaloids, arbolodinines A−C, comprising aspidofractinine-aspidofractinine, aspidofractinine-strychnan, and kopsine-strychnan alkaloids, respectively, were isolated from the stem bark extract of the Malayan Kopsia arborea. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated based on analysis of the spectroscopic data while the absolute configurations were established based on exper ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2020.131802

13. Chrysenodithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer: An Elongated Fused π-Electronic Backbone with a Unique Orbital Structure Toward Efficient Intermolecular Carrier Transport

Author:
Tadanori Kurosawa; Toshihiro Okamoto; Dinghai Cen; Daiji Ikeda; Hiroyuki Ishii; Jun Takeya
Source:
Macromolecules 2021 v.54 no.5 pp. 2113-2123
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
branches; branching; exhibitions; polymers; prediction; semiconductors
Abstract:
... In the current mainstream development of polymer semiconductors aiming for high charge carrier mobility, the degree of intermolecular orbital overlap has not been taken into deep consideration, since the molecular packing arrangement at the atomic scale cannot be predicted. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a unique π-conjugated building block for a p-type polymer semiconductor, namely, chryseno ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00984

14. DUALCOR: a phylogenetic comparative method to evaluate phylogenetic correlation between a character and a non‐evolving external variable

Author:
Norberto P. Giannini; Pablo A. Goloboff
Source:
Cladistics 2021 v.37 no.5 pp. 586-595
ISSN:
0748-3007
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; branches; branching; environmental factors; organisms; phylogeny; testing
Abstract:
... A new phylogenetic comparative method called DUALCOR is presented to evaluate the evolutionary response of a character to non‐evolving external factors, such as environmental variables. The method treats the character as a typical evolving feature of an organism that is reconstructed on a given tree, whereas the external factor is treated as unrelated to the phylogeny. DUALCOR first calculates the ...
DOI:
10.1111/cla.12450

15. Development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle of foals

Author:
Bjørn H. Wormstrand; Cathrine T. Fjordbakk; David J. Griffiths; Sigrid Lykkjen; Kristin Olstad
Source:
Equine veterinary journal 2021 v.53 no.1 pp. 134-142
ISSN:
0425-1644
Subject:
age; arteries; bacteria; barium; blood; branching; cartilage; experimental design; fetus; foals; infection; micro-computed tomography; objectives; osteochondrosis; osteomyelitis; pregnancy; supply
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Growth cartilage is found in the articular‐epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) and the physis. It has a temporary blood supply organised as end arteries. Vascular failure is associated with osteochondrosis, but infection can also obstruct vessels. The location of bacteria was recently compared to arterial perfusion, and the results indicated that they were located in the distal tips of ...
DOI:
10.1111/evj.13256

16. Evidence for mycorrhizal cheating in Apostasia nipponica, an early‐diverging member of the Orchidaceae

Author:
Kenji Suetsugu; Jun Matsubayashi
Source:
new phytologist 2021 v.229 no.4 pp. 2302-2310
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Ceratobasidium; DNA barcoding; Orchidaceae; adults; branching; carbon; ecophysiology; embryophytes; evolution; isotopes; mosses and liverworts; mycorrhizae; mycorrhizal fungi; nutrition; photosynthesis; symbionts
Abstract:
... Most land plants, from liverworts to angiosperms, form mutualistic mycorrhizal symbioses with fungal partners. However, several plants known as mycoheterotrophs exploit fungal partners by reversing the polarity of carbon movement, which usually moves from plant to fungus. We investigated the physiological ecology of a photosynthetic orchid, Apostasia nipponica, which belongs to the first branching ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.17049

17. Expression of the Medicago truncatula MtDof32 transcription factor regulates plant growth and enhances abiotic stress tolerances in transgenic Arabidopsis

Author:
Tao Guo; Shumin Wang; Tiejun Zhang; Lixin Xu; Yinruizhi Li; Yuehui Chao; Liebao Han
Source:
Environmental and experimental botany 2021 v.183 pp. 104339
ISSN:
0098-8472
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; DNA-binding proteins; Medicago truncatula; branching; gene expression regulation; late flowering; osmotic stress; phenotype; plant growth substances; plant organs; plant proteins; salt stress; stress tolerance; transcription factors; transgenic plants; zinc finger motif
Abstract:
... The DNA-binding one Zinc Finger (Dof) protein is an important transcription factor unique in plants, which plays important roles in regulating plant biological rhythm, flowering and nitrogenium storage. In this study, the MtDof32 gene was isolated from Medicago truncatula and the gene function was characterized in trangenic plants. The expression pattern exhibited that MtDof32 gene might be involv ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104339

18. Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Deep Feature Extraction Based on Mixed Feature and Convolutional Neural Networks

Author:
Jing Liu; Zhe Yang; Yi Liu; Caihong Mu
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.13 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; design; exhibitions; extracts; feeding frequency; image analysis; mixing; neural networks; principal component analysis; remote sensing; solutions; weight
Abstract:
... To achieve effective deep fusion features for improving the classification accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing images (HRSIs), a pixel frequency spectrum feature is presented and introduced to convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Firstly, the fast Fourier transform is performed on each spectral pixel to obtain the amplitude spectrum, i.e., the pixel frequency spectrum feature. Then, the obta ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13132599

19. Mapping of polyglutamylation in tubulins using nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS

Author:
Colleen McClung; Hang Gyeong Chin; Ulla Hansen; Christopher J. Noren; Sriharsa Pradhan; Cristian I. Ruse
Source:
Analytical biochemistry 2021 v.612 pp. 113761
ISSN:
0003-2697
Subject:
amino acids; assays; branching; gels; glutamates; hydrophobicity; information; ions; microtubules; peptides; polymers; proteomics; subtilisin; trypsin; tubulin
Abstract:
... Tubulin polyglutamylation is a polymeric modification that extends from the carboxyl-terminus of tubulins. Molecular description of amino acids and their branching polyglutamyls is a hallmark of tubulin in microtubules. There are different chemical approaches for detecting these polymeric structures, mostly reported prior to development of nESI peptide analysis. Here we demonstrate a novel and sim ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ab.2020.113761

20. Mining Cross-Domain Structure Affinity for Refined Building Segmentation in Weakly Supervised Constraints

Author:
Jun Zhang; Yue Liu; Pengfei Wu; Zhenwei Shi; Bin Pan
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; buildings; data collection; image analysis; learning; mining; models; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Building segmentation for remote sensing images usually requires pixel-level labels which is difficult to collect when the images are in low resolution and quality. Recently, weakly supervised semantic segmentation methods have achieved promising performance, which only rely on image-level labels for each image. However, buildings in remote sensing images tend to present regular structures. The la ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14051227

21. A Multi-Branch Feature Fusion Strategy Based on an Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification

Author:
Cuiping Shi; Xin Zhao; Liguo Wang
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; computer vision; exhibitions; extracts; image analysis; neural networks; problem solving; remote sensing; weight
Abstract:
... In recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision, increasing attention has been paid to remote sensing image scene classification. To improve the classification performance, many studies have increased the depth of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and expanded the width of the network to extract more deep features, thereby increasing the complexity of the model. To solve this pro ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13101950

22. On the TPPP-like proteins of flagellated fungi

Author:
Ferenc Orosz
Source:
Fungal biology 2021 v.125 no.5 pp. 357-367
ISSN:
1878-6146
Subject:
Dikarya; Miozoa; Neocallimastigales; Protozoa; Trichoplax adhaerens; animals; branching; correlation; flagellum; fungi; genome; microtubules; mycology; occurrence; proteins; testing
Abstract:
... TPPP-like proteins, exhibiting microtubule stabilizing function, constitute a eukaryotic superfamily, characterized by the presence of the p25alpha domain. TPPPs in the strict sense are present in animals except Trichoplax adhaerens, which instead contains apicortin where a part of the p25alpha domain is combined with a DCX domain. Apicortin is absent in other animals and occurs mostly in the prot ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funbio.2020.12.001

23. Pyrolysis of plastic wastes in a fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor: Determination of stable operating conditions

Author:
Santiago Orozco; Jon Alvarez; Gartzen Lopez; Maite Artetxe; Javier Bilbao; Martin Olazar
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2021 v.229 pp. 113768
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
activation energy; administrative management; branching; catalysts; cracking; energy conversion; hydrodynamics; lead; mass; paper; pets; plastics; pyrolysis; temperature; velocity; wastes
Abstract:
... The performance of both fluidized and spouted bed reactors in the pyrolysis of waste plastics is conditioned by particle agglomeration phenomena, which worsens the quality of the gas–solid contact and eventually lead to defluidization. The objective of this work is to determine the optimum conditions for stable operation (without defluidization) in a bench scale plant fitted with a fountain confin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113768

24. Quantification of branching within high molecular weight polymers with polyester backbones formed by transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT)

Author:
Savannah R. Cassin; Sean Flynn; Pierre Chambon; Steve P. Rannard
Source:
RSC advances 2021 v.11 no.39 pp. 24374-24380
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
branches; branching; gates; molecular weight; polyesters; polymerization; structure-activity relationships
Abstract:
... New branched polymerisations offer previously inaccessible macromolecules and architectural understanding is important as it provides insight into the branching mechanism and enables the determination of structure–property relationships. Here we present a detailed inverse gated ¹³C NMR characterisation of materials derived from the very recently reported Transfer-dominated Branching Radical Telome ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1ra03886a

25. Regression and Evaluation on a Forward Interpolated Version of the Great Circle Arcs–Based Distortion Metric of Map Projections

Author:
Jin Yan; Tiansheng Xu; Ni Li; Guanghong Gong
Source:
ISPRS international journal of geo-information 2021 v.10 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2220-9964
Subject:
branches; branching; equations; journals; map projections; sampling; solutions; spatial data; surfaces
Abstract:
... We studied the numerical approximation problem of distortion in map projections. Most widely used differential methods calculate area distortion and maximum angular distortion using partial derivatives of forward equations of map projections. However, in certain map projections, partial derivatives are difficult to calculate because of the complicated forms of forward equations, e.g., equations wi ...
DOI:
10.3390/ijgi10100649

26. Regulation of shoot branching in arabidopsis by trehalose 6‐phosphate

Author:
Franziska Fichtner; Francois F. Barbier; Maria G. Annunziata; Regina Feil; Justyna J. Olas; Bernd Mueller‐Roeber; Mark Stitt; Christine A. Beveridge; John E. Lunn
Source:
new phytologist 2021 v.229 no.4 pp. 2135-2151
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; branching; buds; flowering; leaves; loci; metabolites; mutants; sucrose; transporters; trehalose; vascular tissues
Abstract:
... Trehalose 6‐phosphate (Tre6P) is a sucrose signalling metabolite that has been implicated in regulation of shoot branching, but its precise role is not understood. We expressed tagged forms of TREHALOSE‐6‐PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1) to determine where Tre6P is synthesized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and investigated the impact of localized changes in Tre6P levels, in axillary buds or vas ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.17006

27. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed allylic C–H amidation of unactivated alkenes with in situ generated iminoiodinanes

Author:
Pinki Sihag; Masilamani Jeganmohan
Source:
Chemical communications 2021 v.57 no.52 pp. 6428-6431
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
alkenes; branches; branching; chemical communication; reaction mechanisms
Abstract:
... Rh(iii)-catalyzed allylic C–H amidation of substituted alkenes with in situ generated iminoiodinanes is demonstrated. The presented protocol is compatible with differently functionalized unactivated terminal alkenes and internal alkenes. In terminal alkenes, branch selectivity was observed exclusively. Based on the detailed mechanistic investigation, a possible reaction mechanism involving the in ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1cc02283k

28. Root Characteristics and Metal Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Extreme Soil Contamination

Author:
Leila Romdhane; Anna Panozzo; Leila Radhouane; Cristian Dal Cortivo; Giuseppe Barion; Teofilo Vamerali
Source:
Agronomy 2021 v.11 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomy; bioavailability; branching; corn; correlation; density; diameter; electrical conductivity; genotype; hybrids; leaves; length; measurement; metals; phytotoxicity; polluted soils; roots; salinity; screening; shoots; soil pH; soil pollution; soil pore water; sulfates; tissues
Abstract:
... Root characteristics and metal uptake in the maize hybrid Naudi were studied in a pot trial, using soil artificially highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, and Pb. The addition of these metals as sulfates decreased the soil pH and increased electrical conductivity. As a result of increased bioavailability in the soil pore water, significantly higher concentrations of metals, particularly Pb, Cu, and ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy11010178

29. Self-Supervised Assisted Semi-Supervised Residual Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Author:
Liangliang Song; Zhixi Feng; Shuyuan Yang; Xinyu Zhang; Licheng Jiao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2022 v.14 no.13 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
algorithms; branches; branching; hyperspectral imagery; image analysis; remote sensing
Abstract:
... Due to the scarcity and high cost of labeled hyperspectral image (HSI) samples, many deep learning methods driven by massive data cannot achieve the intended expectations. Semi-supervised and self-supervised algorithms have advantages in coping with this phenomenon. This paper primarily concentrates on applying self-supervised strategies to make strides in semi-supervised HSI classification. Notab ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs14132997

30. Substituted Tetraethynylethylene–Tetravinylethylene Hybrids

Author:
Erin Westley; Madison J. Sowden; Nicholas L. Magann; Kelsey L. Horvath; Kieran P. E. Connor; Michael S. Sherburn
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022 v.144 no.2 pp. 977-986
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
Americans; branches; branching; chemical structure; emissions; exhibitions; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; hybrids; hydrocarbons; journals; light emitting diodes; synthesis
Abstract:
... A general synthetic approach to molecular structures that are hybrids of tetraethynylethylene (TEE) and tetravinylethylene (TVE) is reported. The synthesis permits the controlled preparation of many previously inaccessible structures, including examples with different substituents on each of the four branching arms. Most substituted TVE–TEE hybrids are found to be significantly more robust compoun ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.1c11598

31. Subtask Attention Based Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Author:
Shengzhou Xiong; Yihua Tan; Yansheng Li; Cai Wen; Pei Yan
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
algorithms; branches; branching; data collection; design; image interpretation; remote sensing; weight; wills
Abstract:
... Object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) is one of the basic tasks in the field of remote sensing image automatic interpretation. In recent years, the deep object detection frameworks of natural scene images (NSIs) have been introduced into object detection on RSIs, and the detection performance has improved significantly because of the powerful feature representation. However, there are s ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13101925

32. Successful induction and recognition of conidiation, conidial germination and chlamydospore formation in pure culture of Morchella

Author:
Bin-Hong Yuan; Huan Li; Lu Liu; Xi-Hui Du
Source:
Fungal biology 2021 v.125 no.4 pp. 285-293
ISSN:
1878-6146
Subject:
Morchella; asexual reproduction; branching; chlamydospores; conidia; conidiation; conidiophores; diameter; germination; hyphae; knowledge; lighting; mitosis; mushrooms; mycology; research; tubes
Abstract:
... Morels, fungi from the genus Morchella, are popular edible mushrooms. However, little knowledge of their asexual reproduction and inaccessible pure mitospores hamper illumination of their life cycle. Herein, we successfully induced conidiation, conidial germination and chlamydospore formation in pure culture of Morchella sextelata. Conidiation proceeded via four morphologically distinct stages: de ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.005

33. Tree-tree interactions and crown complementarity: The role of functional diversity and branch traits for canopy packing

Author:
Michaela Hildebrand; Maria D. Perles-Garcia; Matthias Kunz; Werner Härdtle; Goddert von Oheimb; Andreas Fichtner
Source:
Basic and applied ecology 2021 v.50 pp. 217-227
ISSN:
1439-1791
Subject:
applied ecology; architecture; branching; canopy; density; forests; functional diversity; mixing; mixtures; phenotypic plasticity; plasticity; species richness; specific leaf area; tree crown; trees; wood density; China
Abstract:
... Previous studies have shown that tree species richness increases forest productivity by allowing for greater spatial complementarity of tree crowns (crown complementarity), which in turn results in more densely packed canopies. However, the mechanisms driving crown complementarity in tree species mixtures remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of a high-resolution, three-dimensional terrestrial l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.baae.2020.12.003

34. Using RAD seq for reconstructing phylogenies of highly diverged taxa: A test using the tribe Scandiceae (Apiaceae)

Author:
Marcin Piwczyński; Paulina Trzeciak; Madalina‐Oana Popa; Maciej Pabijan; José María Corral; Krzysztof Spalik; Andrzej Grzywacz
Source:
Journal of systematics and evolution 2021 v.59 no.1 pp. 58-72
ISSN:
1674-4918
Subject:
Apiaceae; bioinformatics; branching; genomics; information processing; phylogeny; topology; trees
Abstract:
... The angiosperm Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae includes four major clades—subtribes Daucinae, Ferulinae, Torilidinae, and Scandicinae—that originated ca. 20 Mya. Although all four subtribes are highly supported in molecular analyses, and morphological data indicate a sister relationship between Daucinae and Torilidinae, their branching order has not been resolved using standard Sanger multilocus data. T ...
DOI:
10.1111/jse.12580

35. miRNAture—Computational Detection of microRNA Candidates

Author:
Cristian A. Velandia-Huerto; Jörg Fallmann; Peter F. Stadler
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
animals; branches; branching; design; experts; genes; microRNA; pipelines; sequence alignment
Abstract:
... Homology-based annotation of short RNAs, including microRNAs, is a difficult problem because their inherently small size limits the available information. Highly sensitive methods, including parameter optimized blast, nhmmer, or cmsearch runs designed to increase sensitivity inevitable lead to large numbers of false positives, which can be detected only by detailed analysis of specific features ty ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12030348

36. The tracheal system of scutigeromorph centipedes and the evolution of respiratory systems of myriapods

Author:
Gero Hilken; Jörg Rosenberg; Gregory D. Edgecombe; Valentin Blüml; Jörg U. Hammel; Anja Hasenberg; Andy Sombke
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2021 v.60 pp. 101006
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Scutigera coleoptrata; arthropods; branching; evolution; fossils; hemocyanin; interspecific variation; light; micro-computed tomography; microscopy; oxygen; shape; spiracles; width
Abstract:
... The tracheal system of scutigeromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) is special, as it consists of dorsally arranged unpaired spiracles. In this study, we investigate the tracheal systems of five different scutigeromorph species. They are strikingly similar to each other but depict unique characters compared to the tracheal systems of pleurostigmophoran centipedes, which has engendered an ongoing debate o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2020.101006

37. A whole calamitacean plant Palaeostachya guanglongii from the Asselian (Permian) Taiyuan Formation in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Li Liu; Josef Pšenička; Jiří Bek; Mingli Wan; Hermann W. Pfefferkorn; Jun Wang
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2021 v.294 pp. 104245
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Asselian age; bracts; branches; branching; leaves; new species; phenotypic plasticity; sporangia; spores; swamps; volcanic ash; wood; China
Abstract:
... A new whole-plant species of a calamitacean, Palaeostachya guanglongii sp. nov., is described in a volcanic ash bed from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, North China. It was an approximately 2–3 m high shrub-like plant growing in a peat-forming swamp. It is characterized by three-orders of axes. The stem (first-order axis) bifurcates, resulting in two equal-sized majo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104245

38. Ab initio kinetics predictions for the role of pre-reaction complexes in hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone by OH radicals

Author:
Yi Gao; Yang Zhao; Qingbao Guan; Fuke Wang
Source:
RSC advances 2020 v.10 no.55 pp. 33205-33212
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
branching; free radicals; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding; kinetics; population; prediction; reaction kinetics; temperature
Abstract:
... The existence of pre- and post-reaction complexes has been proposed to influence hydrogen abstraction reaction kinetics, but the significance still remains controversial. A theoretical study is presented to discuss the effects of complexes on hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone by OH radicals based on the detailed PESs at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2x-D3/may-cc-pVTZ level with five pre-re ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra05332e

39. Accurate Instance Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images via Adaptive and Dynamic Feature Learning

Author:
Feng Yang; Xiangyue Yuan; Jie Ran; Wenqiang Shu; Yue Zhao; Anyong Qin; Chenqiang Gao
Source:
Remote Sensing 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
branches; branching; data collection; image analysis; models; prediction; remote sensing; sampling; shape; surfaces
Abstract:
... Instance segmentation for high-resolution remote sensing images (HRSIs) is a fundamental yet challenging task in earth observation, which aims at achieving instance-level location and pixel-level classification for instances of interest on the earth’s surface. The main difficulties come from the huge scale variation, arbitrary instance shapes, and numerous densely packed small objects in HRSIs. In ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs13234774

40. Activity of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Penthiopyrad Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Author:
Xuewei Mao; Yingfan Wang; Yiping Hou; Mingguo Zhou
Source:
Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.10 pp. 2696-2703
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; branching; disease control; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibitors; exopolysaccharides; glycerol; leaves; median effective concentration; membrane permeability; mycelium; oxalic acid; penthiopyrad; rapeseed; sclerotia; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)
Abstract:
... In present study, the morphological and physiological characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary to a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide penthiopyrad has been reported. The baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to penthiopyrad was determined using 119 strains by inhibition of mycelial growth. The median effective concentration (EC₅₀) values for penthiopyrad ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2253-RE

41. Antifungal activity of chitosan against Aspergillus ochraceus and its possible mechanisms of action

Author:
Di Meng; Betchem Garba; Yun Ren; Man Yao; Xiaoshuang Xia; Mingyan Li; Yun Wang
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2020 v.158 pp. 1063-1070
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Aspergillus ochraceus; antifungal properties; biogenesis; biosynthesis; branching; chitosan; disease control; fruit diseases; fruits; fungi; gene expression regulation; genes; homeostasis; hyphae; lipid metabolism; mechanism of action; microstructure; mycelium; pathogens; postharvest diseases; protein synthesis; ribosomes; sequence analysis; spore germination; transcriptome; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Chitosan is a polysaccharide with a wide-range antimicrobial spectrum and has been shown to be effective in control postharvest diseases of various fruit, but the possible mode of action is far from well known. In this study the antifungal activity of chitosan was tested on A. ochraceus and its possible mechanisms involved were also investigated both at microstructure and transcriptome level. Here ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.213

42. Arabidopsis guard cell CO2/HCO3− response mutant screening by an aequorin-based calcium imaging system

Author:
Mengmeng Tang; Xiaowei Zhao; Yinling Hu; Miaomiao Zeng; Kai Wang; Nannan Dong; Xiaonan Ma; Ling Bai; Chun-Peng Song
Source:
Plant methods 2020 v.16 no.1 pp. 59
ISSN:
1746-4811
Subject:
Arabidopsis; behavior; biomass; branching; calcium; carbon dioxide; genes; guard cells; image analysis; leaf area; leaves; light; mutants; plant growth; screening; signal transduction; stomatal movement
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The increase in atmospheric CO₂ is causing a number of changes in plant growth such as increases in leaf area and number, branching, plant size and biomass, and growth rate. Despite the importance of stomatal responses to CO₂, little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that mediate stomatal development and movement in response to CO₂ levels. Deciphering the mechanisms t ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13007-020-00600-w

43. Baseline Sensitivity and Action Mechanism of Propamidine Against Alternaria brassicicola, the Causal Agent of Dark Leaf Spot on Cabbage

Author:
Yong Wang; Miaomiao Wang; Mingxia Zhou; Xing Zhang; Juntao Feng
Source:
Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.1 pp. 204-210
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicicola; azoxystrobin; biocompatibility; biosynthesis; branching; cabbage; cell walls; chitin; color; fungal growth; gene expression regulation; genes; greenhouse experimentation; leaf spot; mechanism of action; median effective concentration; melanin; membrane permeability; mycelium; spore germination; China
Abstract:
... In the current study, a total of 53 isolates of Alternaria brassicicola collected from Shaanxi Province of China were characterized for their sensitivity to propamidine. The EC₅₀ (50% effective concentration) values for propamidine inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination ranged from 0.515 to 3.247 µg/ml and 0.393 to 2.982 µg/ml, with average EC₅₀ values of 1.327 ± 0.198 µg/ml and 1.106 ± ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0883-RE

44. Causal shoot and root system traits to variability and plasticity in juvenile cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants in response to reduced soil moisture

Author:
Michael O. Adu
Source:
Physiology and molecular biology of plants 2020 v.26 no.9 pp. 1799-1814
ISSN:
0971-5894
Subject:
Manihot esculenta; architecture; biomass; branching; breeding; cassava; density; diameter; drought; food security; genetic variation; genotype; juveniles; leaf area; length; livelihood; molecular biology; multivariate analysis; phenotypic plasticity; plasticity; plastics; root systems; roots; soil quality; soil water; storage; variability; yield components
Abstract:
... Cassava is an important source of food security and livelihoods for millions of consumers daily. Water deficit conditions are one of the major factors that affect the development of root system architecture (RSA) and consequently, crop productivity, and yet, due to its long maturity periods and bulky storage root systems, RSA studies in cassava are uncommon. The objective of this study was to iden ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12298-020-00865-4

45. The Causes and Regularities in the Natural Processes of Branch Decay and Activation in Nontidal Deltas

Author:
M. V. Mikhailova
Source:
Water resources 2021 v.48 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0097-8078
Subject:
branches; branching; water resources
Abstract:
... The short lifetimes of multibranch delta systems are proved based on the theory of dynamic stability of delta branches and causes of its violation. Typical cases of such brevity and natural causes of the decay of some branches and the activation of others are considered. Examples of such processes in different deltas are given. ...
DOI:
10.1134/S0097807821010218

46. Changes in Root Architecture and Aboveground Traits of Red Clover Cultivars Driven by Breeding to Improve Persistence

Author:
Luis Inostroza; Fernando Ortega-Klose; Catalina Vásquez; Rosemarie Wilckens
Source:
Agronomy 2020 v.10 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Trifolium pratense; agronomy; altitude; analysis of variance; architecture; branching; breeding programs; cultivars; density; depth; design; diameter; heritability; image analysis; leaf area; length; perlite; phenotype; phenotypic plasticity; phenotypic selection; poly(vinyl chloride); population; sand; soil; specific leaf area; statistical models; topology; tubes; variance; vermiculite; volume; Chile
Abstract:
... Red clover persistence has been one of the major targets for the most breeding programs worldwide. A phenotypic characterization at above- and belowground level was performed to a set of highly persistent red clover populations. The objective was to identify phenotypic changes occurring after empirical selection for plant survival, which is the consensus criteria of persistence. Eleven red clover ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10121896

47. Comparative evaluation of grafting and budding methods in jackfruit

Author:
Ravi Kumar; Pratibha; Ratna Rai; Pradyot Nalini
Source:
Indian journal of horticulture 2021 v.78 no.4 pp. 398-403
ISSN:
0974-0112
Subject:
branches; branching; buds; chip budding; horticulture; jackfruits; journals; leaves; methodology; planting; rooting; roots; sprouting; vegetative propagation; veneering
Abstract:
... Inarching is the most widely practised vegetative method of propagation for multiplication of jackfruit in tarai region, but the method is cumbersome, and produces less number of plants from a single mother plant. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to find out other alternative method for commercial propagation of jackfruit. The study was conducted for twelve months with five methods ...
DOI:
10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00057.8

48. Comparison of the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fresh and dried longan

Author:
Tingsheng Gan; Chao Feng; Haibo Lan; Ruili Yang; Jiachao Zhang; Congfa Li; Wu Li
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2021 v.76 pp. 104323
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
air drying; bioactive properties; branching; functional foods; galactose; glucose; immunomodulators; interleukin-6; knowledge; longans; lymphocyte proliferation; macrophages; mannose; methylation; molecular weight; phagocytosis; polysaccharides; rhamnose
Abstract:
... The structures and immunomodulatory activities of purified neutral polysaccharides from fresh (FLP) and hot air-dried (DLP) longan were comparatively investigated. FLP was composed of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 0.59:1 with average molecular weight of 1.31 × 10⁷ g/mol, and DLP was composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 0.2:0.21:1:0.2 with average molec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2020.104323

49. Component Quantification in Solids with the Mixture Analysis Using References Method

Author:
Dirk Stueber; Zachary E. X. Dance
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2020 v.92 no.16 pp. 11095-11102
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
active pharmaceutical ingredients; analytical chemistry; area; branches; branching; chemical species; exhibitions; mixtures; models; physical properties; physicochemical properties; solids; yield components
Abstract:
... Quantifying components in solid mixtures composed of the same chemical species exhibiting different physical forms represents a difficult challenge in many areas of chemistry. The development of small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a classic example. APIs predominantly exhibit polymorphism and the propensity to form solvates and hydrates. The various API phases typically disp ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01045

50. Contrasting biomass allocation responses across ontogeny and stress gradients reveal plant adaptations to drought and cold

Author:
Jiri Dolezal; Veronika Jandova; Martin Macek; Pierre Liancourt
Source:
Functional ecology 2021 v.35 no.1 pp. 32-42
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
Potentilla; allometry; biomass; branching; carbon; drought; dry matter partitioning; environment; flowering; forbs; frost injury; information; leaf mass; leaves; mass; ontogeny; plant adaptation; plant age; population; prioritization; risk; roots; stems; steppes; water stress
Abstract:
... How plants allocate their biomass to different organs is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions. Overall, biomass allocation may follow fixed rules across taxa. They are also likely to exhibit substantial departure from these rules during ontogeny and in response to particular limiting factors to optimize their growth and maximize their survival. However, how plants adjust ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.13687