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1. 100 Years on- EMRS Centenary: From Wye College Fruit Experimental Station via IHR/HRI (Horticultural Research International) to Today’s EMR (East Malling Research)

Author:
Michael Blanke
Source:
Erwerbsobstbau 2013 v.55 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
0014-0309
Subject:
Ribes; apples; breeding; clones; crops; desserts; farmers; greenhouses; horses; horticulture; molecular biology; plant growth substances; plant nutrition; plant physiology; plant protection; raspberries; rootstocks; strawberries; trees; England; France
Abstract:
... The hundred year history of East Malling Research Station (EMRS) is reviewed from a personal perspective: In March 1913, Kent fruit farmers in the Southeast of England founded the Wye College Fruit Experimental Station. In 1920, the newly formed ‘Kent Incorporated Society for the Promotion of Experiments in Horticulture’ took over East Malling (as a site independent from Wye College) „with offices ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10341-012-0176-5

2. Aflatoxin in maize: a review of the early literature from “moldy-corn toxicosis” to the genetics of aflatoxin accumulation resistance

Author:
J. Spencer Smith; W. Paul Williams; Gary L. Windham
Source:
Mycotoxin research 2019 v.35 no.2 pp. 111-128
ISSN:
0178-7888
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; Zea; aflatoxins; breeding; corn; disease resistance; ear rot; heritability; literature; plant pathogens; poultry; public sector; surveys; England; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Aflatoxin is a potent toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr, an opportunistic ear-rot pathogen of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. Mays). Prior to the discovery of aflatoxin, A. flavus was considered a minor pathogen and was not a priority for maize breeders or pathologists. Aflatoxin was discovered in England in 1961 following an epidemic in poultry. By the early 1970s, surveys of agricultural co ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12550-018-00340-w

3. Age-Related and Annual Variation in Mortality Rates of Adult Female Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)

Author:
Coulson John C.
Source:
Waterbirds 2013 v.36 no.2 pp. 234-239
ISSN:
1524-4695
Subject:
Somateria mollissima; adults; age structure; breeding; capital; death; eggs; females; food availability; helminths; immunity; mortality; risk; viruses; England
Abstract:
... In a study of adult Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) females in northeastern England, the annual mortality rate increased by 1 percentage point every 4 years and doubled over the study period (1962–1995). All age classes of adult females experienced years of low mortality, but in years when the overall mortality was high, the oldest age groups suffered three times the mortality rate incurred by ...
DOI:
10.1675/063.036.0214

4. Agri-environmental measures and the breeding ecology of a declining farmland bird

Author:
Niamh M. McHugh; Matt Prior; Philip V. Grice; Simon R. Leather; John M. Holland
Source:
Biological conservation 2017 v.212 pp. 230-239
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
Passer montanus; agri-environmental policy; agricultural land; breeding; breeding season; correlation; fledglings; foraging; granivores; habitats; hatching; intensive farming; invertebrates; land management; overwintering; population dynamics; reproductive performance; seed mixtures; wild birds; winter; England
Abstract:
... Agricultural intensification is a key cause of the population declines shown by many farmland bird species across Europe. Changes in land management through agri-environment schemes (AES) are frequently cited as the best tool to reverse these trends, to date however they have received mixed support. This study tested whether AES options in England that provide winter seed food or insect-rich forag ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2017.06.023

5. Agricultural land use and Skylark Alauda arvensis: a case study linking a habitat association model to spatially explicit change scenarios

Author:
BOATMAN, NIGEL D.; PIETRAVALLE, STÉPHANE; PARRY, HAZEL R.; CROCKER, JOE; IRVING, PAUL V.; TURLEY, DAVID B.; MILLS, JANE; DWYER, JANET C.
Source:
Ibis 2010 v.152 no.1 pp. 63-76
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Brassica napus; Common Agricultural Policy; agricultural land; breeding; breeds; case studies; climate change; coppicing; cropping systems; development policy; energy crops; energy policy; environmental impact; expert opinion; farms; geographic information systems; habitats; land use change; population density; statistical models; surveys; wheat; England
Abstract:
... The development of forward scenarios is a useful method of envisaging the environmental implications of potential changes in land use, as a tool for policy development. In this paper, a spatially explicit case study is used to provide insight into the environmental impacts of Common Agricultural Policy reform on Skylark Alauda arvensis, a species which is widespread on arable farmland, breeds in c ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00969.x

6. Agronomic and ecological costs and benefits of set-aside in England

Author:
Firbank, L.G.; Smart, S.M.; Crabb, J.; Critchley, C.N.R.; Fowbert, J.W.; Fuller, R.J.; Gladders, P.; GreenD.B.; Henderson, I.; Hill, M.O.
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2003 v.95 no.1 pp. 73-85
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Common Agricultural Policy; agricultural land; agronomy; arable soils; birds; breeding; breeding sites; farmers; grains; grasses; grasslands; invertebrates; landscapes; leaf blotch; natural regeneration; non-food crops; pests; plant communities; powdery mildew; questionnaires; species diversity; England
Abstract:
... Around 11% of arable land in England was set-aside in the mid-1990s as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The scheme allowed both annual and longer-term exclusion from cropping. The most widespread green cover was natural regeneration, followed by non-food crops and sown grass covers. Impacts of set-aside management on agronomy and ecology were investigated using a questionnaire for far ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00169-X

7. The Application of Lidar in Woodland Bird Ecology

Author:
Shelley A. Hinsley; Ross A. Hill; Paul E. Bellamy; Heiko Balzter
Source:
Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing 2006 v.72 no.12 pp. 1399-1406
ISSN:
0099-1112
Subject:
correlation; canopy; lidar; wood; Parus major; North Atlantic Oscillation; breeding; models; habitats; spring; woodlands; chicks; climate; cold; England
Abstract:
...

Habitat quality is fundamental in ecology, but is difficult to quantify. Vegetation structure is a key characteristic of avian habitat, and can play a significant role in influencing habitat quality. Airborne lidar provides a means of measuring vegetation structure, supplying accurate data at high post-spacing and on a landscape-scale, which is impossible to achieve with field-based methods. ...

DOI:
10.14358/PERS.72.12.1399

8. Assessing breeding success in common woodland birds using a novel method

Author:
Rufus B. Sage; Andrew N. Hoodless; Chris M. Hewson; Sue Wilson; Chris Le Clare; John H. Marchant; Roger A. H. Draycott; Robert J. Fuller
Source:
Bird study 2011 v.58 no.4 pp. 409-420
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
woodpeckers; probability; monitoring; breeding; surveys; gardens; Sylvia borin; adults; territoriality; England
Abstract:
... Capsule Repeated counts of fledged broods can provide a useful estimate of breeding success for most common woodland birds.Aims To assess the efficacy of comparing fledged-brood survey data with territory mapping using simple mark–recapture analysis techniques to provide an estimate of breeding success for common woodland birds that does not involve finding nests.Methods Three observers undertook ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2011.598140

9. Assessing trends in biodiversity over space and time using the example of British breeding birds

Author:
Philip J. Harrison; Stephen T. Buckland; Yuan Yuan; David A. Elston; Mark J. Brewer; Alison Johnston; James W. Pearce‐Higgins; Yann Clough
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2014 v.51 no.6 pp. 1650-1660
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
agricultural land; biodiversity; birds; breeding; climate change; ecosystems; environmental degradation; habitats; homogenization; models; space and time; England
Abstract:
... Partitioning biodiversity change spatially and temporally is required for effective management, both to determine whether action is required and whether it should be applied at a regional level or targeted more locally. As biodiversity is a multifaceted concept, comparative analyses of different indices, focussing on different components of biodiversity change (evenness vs. abundance), give better ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.12316

10. Avian population dynamics and human induced change in an urban environment

Author:
James, Philip; Norman, David; Clarke, Jeff J.
Source:
Urban ecosystems 2010 v.13 no.4 pp. 499-515
ISSN:
1083-8155
Subject:
agricultural land; air; birds of prey; breeding; ecosystems; habitats; humans; insectivores; invertebrates; land use change; lichens; manufacturing; nests; population dynamics; rivers; urban areas; water birds; water pollution; water quality; woodlands; England
Abstract:
... The predominantly urban boroughs of Warrington and Halton straddle the river Mersey in northwest England. Since the 1970s there has been a major change in land-use associated with both innovative town design and the decline of manufacturing and chemical industries in the boroughs. Also, co-ordinated programmes have directly addressed air and water pollution. The breeding birds of the two boroughs ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11252-010-0132-9

11. Biology, general ecology and behaviour of the snake, Coronella austriaca Laurenti

Author:
SPELLERBERG, IAN F.; PHELPS, T.E.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1977 v.9 no.2 pp. 133-164
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
topography; habitat preferences; snakes; plant communities; breeding; pregnancy; Vipera; mortality; population density; ecological competition; small mammals; females; England
Abstract:
... The general characteristics of the colubrid snake Coronella austriaca are described from observations made on populations examined in England. An account of the population ecology, breeding ecology, habitat preferences and general behaviour of this species is based on records collected at three study sites over a period of three years. Level of recruitment to the populations is probably low becaus ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1977.tb00263.x

12. Bird conservation and the land sharing‐sparing continuum in farmland‐dominated landscapes of lowland England

Author:
Tom Finch; Simon Gillings; Rhys E. Green; Dario Massimino; Will J. Peach; Andrew Balmford
Source:
Conservation biology 2019 v.33 no.5 pp. 1045-1055
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
birds; breeding; ecosystems; farming systems; fens; food production; glaciation; habitats; humans; landscapes; population size; wildlife management; England; Western European region
Abstract:
... Empirical evidence from many regions suggests that most species would be least negatively affected if human food demand were met through high‐yield agricultural production and conservation of nonfarm ecosystems (land sparing), rather than through wildlife‐friendly farming over a larger area (land sharing). However, repeated glaciation and a long history of agriculture may lead to different results ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.13316

13. Bird species distributions across woodland canopy structure gradients

Author:
S. A. Hinsley; R. A. Hill; R. J. Fuller; P. E. Bellamy; P. Rothery
Source:
Community ecology 2009 v.10 no.1 pp. 99-110
ISSN:
1585-8553
Subject:
birds; breeding; canopy; coppicing; developmental stages; forest growth; habitats; landscapes; lidar; management systems; remote sensing; trees; woodlands; England
Abstract:
... The tree canopy characteristics of two broadleaved woods in southern England were quantified in terms of two independent measures of structure, canopy height (calculated using heights ≥ 1 m) and percentage canopy cover (derived using heights < 1 m), using airborne Light Detection and Ranging. The woods differed strikingly in structure due to their management systems; one was predominantly mature o ...
DOI:
10.1556/ComEc.10.2009.1.12

14. Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix nest-site habitats and fidelity to breeding areas in northern England

Author:
Philip Warren; David Baines; Michael Richardson
Source:
Bird study 2012 v.59 no.2 pp. 139-143
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Lyrurus tetrix; breeding; females; habitat preferences; habitats; nesting; nesting sites; nests; predators; vegetation; England
Abstract:
... Capsule Female Black Grouse demonstrated fidelity to breeding areas, selecting nest-sites in taller, more dense vegetation, with nest success related to concealment. Aim To investigate the fidelity to breeding areas and nesting habitat preferences of female Black Grouse. Methods Nest habitat data were collected from radio-tagged females and related to measures from random sites and in relation to ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2011.648606

15. Breeding status of Merlins Falco columbarius in the UK in 2008

Author:
Steven R. Ewing; Graham W. Rebecca; Alan Heavisides; Ian R. Court; Patrick Lindley; Marc Ruddock; Simon Cohen; Mark A. Eaton
Source:
Bird study 2011 v.58 no.4 pp. 379-389
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Falco; birds of prey; breeding; climate; confidence interval; land use change; surveys; England; Northern Ireland; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... Capsule The third national Merlin survey estimated a UK population of 1162 breeding pairs (95% CI: 891–1462).Aims To estimate the number of breeding Merlins (with associated 95% confidence intervals) in the UK and the four countries (Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland), and to compare these with the relevant estimates from the 1993–94 Merlin survey. In addition, to calculate estimates o ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2011.606497

16. Breeding success of Spotted Flycatchers Muscicapa striata in southern England - is woodland a good habitat for this species

Author:
STEVENS, DANAË K.; ANDERSON, GUY Q.A.; GRICE, PHIL V.; NORRIS, KEN
Source:
Ibis 2007 v.149 no.s2 pp. 214-223
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
agricultural land; breeding; breeding sites; chicks; eggs; gardens; habitats; nesting; nests; predation; England
Abstract:
... The UK population of the Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata has declined markedly in the last 30 years but there have been few recent studies of the species. This study examined the relationship between nest success and the predominant habitat type around Spotted Flycatcher nests in two contrasting areas of England. A breeding population in eastern England, a region where numbers of Spotted Flyc ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00746.x

17. Causes and consequences of spatial variation in sex ratios in a declining bird species

Author:
Catriona A. Morrison; Robert A. Robinson; Jacquie A. Clark; Jennifer A. Gill
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2016 v.85 no.5 pp. 1298-1306
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Phylloscopus; adults; bird banding; breeding; breeding season; demography; females; gender differences; juveniles; males; migratory birds; population dynamics; sex ratio; surveys; survival rate; England
Abstract:
... Male‐biased sex ratios occur in many bird species, particularly in those with small or declining populations, but the causes of these skews and their consequences for local population demography are rarely known. Within‐species variation in sex ratios can help to identify the demographic and behavioural processes associated with such biases. Small populations may be more likely to have skewed sex ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12556
PubMed:
27390034
PubMed Central:
PMC5006867

18. Changes in breeding success and abundance of ground-nesting moorland birds in relation to the experimental deployment of legal predator control

Author:
Fletcher, Kathy; Aebischer, Nicholas J.; Baines, David; Foster, Robin; Hoodless, Andrew N.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2010 v.47 no.2 pp. 263-272
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Corvus; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Mustela erminea; Numenius; Vanellus; Vulpes vulpes; breeding; crows; foxes; habitats; heathlands; predator control; predators; threatened species; England
Abstract:
... 1. An 8-year-field experiment on moorland in northern England manipulated the abundance of legally controllable predators whilst maintaining consistent habitat conditions. Subsequent changes in both the breeding success and abundance of five ground-nesting bird species were monitored: lapwing Vanellus vanellus, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, curlew Numenius arquata, red grouse Lagopus lagopus ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01793.x

19. Changes in moorland and heathland bird abundance in southwest England in relation to environmental change

Author:
Innes M.W. Sim; Andrew J. Stanbury; Irena Tománková; David J.T. Douglas
Source:
Bird study 2016 v.63 no.4 pp. 543-553
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
birds; breeding; environmental factors; habitats; heathlands; national parks; surveys; Africa; England; Southern European region
Abstract:
... Capsule: Population changes of many moorland and heathland birds in southwest England show associations with environmental change, and the area supports notable breeding populations of species of conservation concern. Aims: To quantify changes in moorland and heathland breeding bird abundance in relation to changes in environmental variables. Methods: A two-visit moorland bird survey method was us ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2016.1241755

20. Changes in prevalence of, and risk factors for, lameness in random samples of English sheep flocks: 2004–2013

Author:
Joanne R. Winter; Jasmeet Kaler; Eamonn Ferguson; Amy L. KilBride; Laura E. Green
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2015 v.122 no.1-2 pp. 121-128
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
antibiotics; breeding; ewes; farmers; farms; feet; flocks; footrot; hooves; lameness; locomotion; models; quarantine; regression analysis; risk factors; risk reduction; surveys; vaccination; England
Abstract:
... The aims of this study were to update the prevalence of lameness in sheep in England and identify novel risk factors. A total of 1260 sheep farmers responded to a postal survey. The survey captured detailed information on the period prevalence of lameness from May 2012–April 2013 and the prevalence and farmer naming of lesions attributable to interdigital dermatitis (ID), severe footrot (SFR), con ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.014

21. Changing land management of lowland wet grasslands of the UK: impacts on snipe abundance and habitat quality

Author:
Smart, J.; Amar, A.; O'Brien, M.; Grice, P.; Smith, K.
Source:
Animal conservation 2008 v.11 no.4 pp. 339-351
ISSN:
1367-9430
Subject:
Gallinago; breeding; conservation areas; grasslands; grazing intensity; habitats; hardness; land management; mortality; organic soils; soil water; England
Abstract:
... Snipe Gallinago gallinago breeding on lowland wet grasslands in England have undergone widespread and dramatic declines in abundance and distribution since at least the 1970s. There are many potential drivers of the decline but reductions in habitat quality, driven by land management, are often proposed as a contributing factor in the historical declines of breeding waders. Breeding snipe are now ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00189.x

22. Characterisation of twenty-one European badger (Meles meles) microsatellite loci facilitates the discrimination of second-order relatives

Author:
Geetha Annavi; Deborah A. Dawson; Gavin J. Horsburgh; Carolyn Greig; Hannah L. Dugdale; Chris Newman; David W. Macdonald; Terry Burke
Source:
Conservation genetics resources 2011 v.3 no.3 pp. 515-518
ISSN:
1877-7252
Subject:
Meles meles; Mycobacterium bovis; badgers; bovine tuberculosis; breeding; breeds; disease transmission; genotype; loci; microsatellite repeats; parentage; probability; social structure; England
Abstract:
... The European badger (Meles meles) breeds plurally in lowland England and is important economically due to its link with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) transmission. To understand disease transmission and facilitate effective management, it is vital to elucidate the social structure of badger groups. To improve parentage assignment and the discrimination of relatives, we isolated and cha ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12686-011-9392-9

23. Characterising demographic contributions to observed population change in a declining migrant bird

Author:
Jennifer A. Border; Ian G. Henderson; Dominic Ash; Ian R. Hartley
Source:
Journal of avian biology 2017 v.48 no.8 pp. 1139-1149
ISSN:
0908-8857
Subject:
Saxicola rubetra; adults; breeding; breeding sites; covariance; environmental factors; immigration; migratory birds; models; population growth; predation; reproductive success; temporal variation; England
Abstract:
... Populations of Afro‐Palearctic migrant birds have shown severe declines in recent decades. To identify the causes of these declines, accurate measures of both demographic rates (seasonal productivity, apparent survival, immigration) and environmental parameters will allow conservation and research actions to be targeted effectively. We used detailed observations of marked breeding birds from a ‘st ...
DOI:
10.1111/jav.01305

24. Climate, landscape, habitat, and woodland management associations with hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius population status

Author:
Cecily E. D. Goodwin; Andrew J. Suggitt; Jonathan Bennie; Matthew J. Silk; James P. Duffy; Nida Al‐Fulaij; Sallie Bailey; David J. Hodgson; Robbie A. McDonald
Source:
Mammal review 2018 v.48 no.3 pp. 209-223
ISSN:
0305-1838
Subject:
Muscardinus avellanarius; Rubus plicatus; active sites; birds; breeding; butterflies; climate; conservation status; coppicing; habitat connectivity; landscapes; monitoring; species diversity; summer; winter; woodlands; England
Abstract:
... Although strictly protected, populations of the hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius in the UK declined by 72% from 1993 to 2014. Using National Dormouse Monitoring Programme data from 300 sites throughout England and Wales, we investigated variation in hazel dormouse population status (expressed as Indices of Abundance, Breeding, and population Trend) in relation to climate, landscape, habitat ...
DOI:
10.1111/mam.12125

25. Colonial breeding in Mute swans (Cygnus olor) associated with an allozyme of lactate dehydrogenase

Author:
P. J. Bacon;
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1987 v.30 no.3 pp. 193-228
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Cygnus olor; alleles; allozymes; breeding; humans; lactate dehydrogenase; monogamy; nesting; nesting sites; nests; swans; water birds; Denmark; England
Abstract:
... The Mute swan (Cygnus olor Gmelin (Anatidae)) is a common water bird of lowland freshwaters and coastal shallows. Its typical breeding system involves lifelong monogamous pairs which vigorously defend large breeding territories, sometimes killing intruding swans that are unable to escape. However, in some unusual circumstances (superabundant food coupled with limited nesting sites) Mute swans may ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00297.x

26. Comparison of reproductive investment in native and non‐native populations of common wall lizards reveals sex differences in adaptive potential

Author:
Hannah E. A. MacGregor; Geoffrey M. While; Tobias Uller
Source:
Oikos 2017 v.126 no.11 pp. 1564-1574
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
Podarcis muralis; breeding; climate; colonizing ability; females; gender differences; introduced species; life history; males; sexual behavior; wall lizards; England; Southern European region
Abstract:
... Non‐native animals can encounter very different environments than those they are adapted to. Functional changes in morphology, physiology and life‐history following introduction show that organisms can adapt both fast and efficiently. It remains unclear, however, if female reproductive characters and male sexually selected behaviour show the same adaptive potential. Furthermore, the invasion succe ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.03984

27. Composite bird indicators robust to variation in species selection and habitat specificity

Author:
Anna R. Renwick; Alison Johnston; Andrew Joys; Stuart E. Newson; David G. Noble; James W. Pearce-Higgins
Source:
Ecological indicators 2012 v.18 no. pp. 200-207
ISSN:
1470-160X
Subject:
breeding; ecosystems; habitats; interspecific variation; wild birds; England
Abstract:
... Ecological indicators are increasingly being used to monitor the state of the environment. Ideally indicators should quantify and summarise ecosystem function and overall health. However, there is a lack of consensus on the correct approach for the production of these indicators which is crucial to their success in achieving this overall aim. The selection of species and data to include in each in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.008

28. Continued declines of Redshank Tringa totanus breeding on saltmarsh in Great Britain: is there a solution to this conservation problem?

Author:
Lucy R. Malpas; Jennifer Smart; Allan Drewitt; Elwyn Sharps; Angus Garbutt
Source:
Bird study 2013 v.60 no.3 pp. 370-383
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
breeding; guidelines; national surveys; grazing intensity; salt marshes; nesting; population size; Tringa totanus; habitats; England
Abstract:
... Capsule: Over 50% of saltmarsh breeding Common Redshank have been lost since 1985, with current conservation management having only limited success at halting these declines.Aims: To update population size and trend estimates for saltmarsh-breeding Redshank in Britain, and to determine whether conservation management implemented since 1996 has been successful in influencing grazing intensity and R ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2013.781112

29. Contributions of disease resistance and escape to the control of septoria tritici blotch of wheat

Author:
Arraiano, L.S.; Balaam, N.; Fenwick, P.M.; Chapman, C.; Feuerhelm, D.; Howell, P.; Smith, S.J.; Widdowson, J.P.; Brown, J.K.M.
Source:
Plant pathology 2009 v.58 no.5 pp. 910-922
ISSN:
0032-0862
Subject:
Mycosphaerella graminicola; breeding; breeding lines; cultivars; disease resistance; field experimentation; genes; heading; leaf blotch; leaves; wheat; England
Abstract:
... The contributions of disease escape and disease resistance to the responses of wheat to septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB) were analysed in a set of 226 lines, including modern cultivars, breeding lines and their progenitors dating back to the origin of scientific wheat breeding. Field trials were located in the important wheat-growing region of eastern England and were subject to natural infectio ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02118.x

30. Decline and Current Status of the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix L.) Population in Serbia - A Review

Author:
Zoran Ristić; Slobodan Puzović; Igor Ponjiger; Miroslav Urošević; Milutin Kovačević; Milosava Matejević; Vladimir Marković
Source:
Contemporary Agriculture 2018 v.67 no.2 pp. 171-176
ISSN:
2466-4774
Subject:
Perdix perdix; age structure; biocides; birth rate; breeding; crops; gender; habitats; intensive farming; monitoring; mortality; partridges; Czech Republic; England; Poland; Serbia
Abstract:
... Decrease of grey partridge population is a global process that has been catastrophic in recent decades. In England, the number of this species declined by 80% in the period from the beginning of the fifties to the mid-eighties of the last century (Potts, 1986). In the Czech Republic from 1965 to the end of the eighties by as much as 95% (Štasny et al. 1997), and the situation is similar in Poland ...
DOI:
10.2478/contagri-2018-0024

31. Demographic consequences of increased winter births in a large aseasonally breeding mammal (Bos taurus) in response to climate change

Author:
Sarah Burthe; Adam Butler; Kate R. Searle; Stephen J. G. Hall; Stephen J. Thackeray; Sarah Wanless
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2011 v.80 no.6 pp. 1134-1144
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
summer; correlation; phenology; weather; forage; climate; breeding season; winter; humans; herds; calving; models; climate change; temperature; calves; biomass; breeding; spring; growing season; conception; England
Abstract:
... 1. Studies examining changes in the scheduling of breeding in response to climate change have focused on species with well‐defined breeding seasons. Species exhibiting year‐round breeding have received little attention and the magnitudes of any responses are unknown. 2. We investigated phenological data for an enclosed feral population of cattle (Bos taurus L.) in northern England exhibiting year‐ ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01865.x
PubMed:
21668894

32. Densities and dispersion of breeding Eurasian Hobbies Falco subbuteo in southeast England

Author:
Rob J. Clements; Colin M. Everett
Source:
Bird study 2012 v.59 no.1 pp. 74-82
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Falco; breeding; breeding sites; habitats; nesting; England
Abstract:
... Capsule Breeding Hobbies are more numerous in parts of southeast England than previously recognized, and in suitable habitat their breeding dispersion shows a regular pattern.Aims To establish the density and breeding dispersion pattern of a population of Hobbies in southeast England.Methods Surveys to locate every pair of Hobbies present were conducted in six study areas of between 48.0 and 201.2 ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2011.644261

33. The Detection of a Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9 Infection in a Turkey Breeder Flock in the United Kingdom

Author:
Reid Scott M.; Banks Jill; Ceeraz Vanessa; Seekings Amanda; Howard Wendy A.; Puranik Anita; Collins Susan; Manvell Ruth; Irvine Richard M.; Brown Ian H.
Source:
Avian diseases 2016 v.60 no.1s pp. 126-131
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Anas platyrhynchos; Influenza A virus; air; anorexia; antibiotics; avian influenza; breeding; control methods; disease control; eggs; farms; flocks; genes; hemagglutination; hemagglutinins; hens; intravenous injection; males; morbidity; mortality; nucleotide sequences; nucleotides; occupational health and safety; pathogenicity; pathotypes; public health; rearing; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; risk; sequence analysis; sialidase; sinusitis; specific pathogen-free animals; turkey hens; viruses; East Asia; England
Abstract:
... In April 2013, an H9N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus was isolated in a turkey breeder farm in Eastern England comprising 4966 birds. Point-of-lay turkey breeding birds had been moved from a rearing site and within 5 days had shown rapid onset of clinical signs of dullness, coughing, and anorexia. Three houses were involved, two contained a total of 4727 turkey hens, and the third ...
DOI:
10.1637/11356-122315-Case.1

34. Determination of gestational time and prediction of parturition in dogs and cats: an update

Author:
M. Beccaglia; S. Alonge; C. Trovo’; G. C. Luvoni
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2016 v.51 Suppl S1 no. pp. 12-17
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
bitches; breeding; cats; heart rate; medicine; neonates; ovulation; parturition; pets; prediction; pregnancy; radiography; radiology; small animal practice; surgery; ultrasonography; England
Abstract:
... Accurate prediction of delivery date in canine and feline allows a better management of parturition, reducing the loss of neonates. This review evaluates the most common methods adopted to accurately predict the day of delivery: determination of ovulation and hormonal assays, first appearance of embryonic/foetal structures using ultrasound or radiography, echographic measurement of extra‐foetal an ...
DOI:
10.1111/rda.12782

35. Development and assessment of management practices in a flock-specific lameness control plan: A stepped-wedge trial on 44 English sheep flocks

Author:
Jessica Witt; Laura Green
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2018 v.157 pp. 125-133
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
abscess; body condition; breeding; business enterprises; confidence interval; ewes; farmers; flocks; footrot; geometry; granuloma; lameness; locomotion; models; relative risk; sheep industry; vaccination; England
Abstract:
... Lameness in sheep has economic and welfare implications, including loss of ewe body condition, lower lambing percentages, and poor lamb growth rates. It costs the UK sheep industry around £80 million per year. The majority of lameness is caused by the infectious diseases footrot and contagious ovine digital dermatitis, with white line separation, white line abscesses, and toe granulomas also repor ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.013

36. Dilemma of wildlife management and introductions in Hungary: Pheasant Phasianus colchicus as an example

Author:
László Sugár; Sándor Csányi; Sándor Faragó
Source:
Wildlife biology 1996 v.2 no.3 pp. 227-228
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Phasianus colchicus; adults; breeding; habitats; hens; mortality; pheasants; predation; progeny; spring; wildlife; wildlife management; England; Hungary
Abstract:
... Captive breeding and release of the ring‐necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus became very intensive in Hungary in the 1960s. In the peak year of 1977 over one million birds were harvested which was a 4‐fold increase compared to the late 1960s. In the late 1970s about one million birds were released annually. In the 1980s the number of harvested pheasants started to decrease in spite of the fact tha ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1996.023

37. Dispersal, survival and causes of mortality in black grouse Tetrao tetrix in northern England

Author:
Philip K. Warren; David Baines
Source:
Wildlife biology 2002 v.8 no.2 pp. 91-97
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Lyrurus tetrix; Mustela erminea; adults; autumn; birds of prey; breeding; death; grouse; habitat fragmentation; hens; philopatry; poults; predation; radio transmitters; reproductive success; roosters; spring; survival rate; winter; England
Abstract:
... Between autumn 1998 and spring 2000, 70 black grouse Tetrao tetrix (48 poults and 22 adults) were equipped with radio transmitters in the North Pennines, England. We recorded timing and distances of dispersal, survival rates and causes of death. First‐year survival rates differed between years, but in each year were highest in late autumn prior to dispersal, when predation by stoats Mustela ermine ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.2002.013

38. Diversionary feeding as a means of reducing raptor predation at seabird breeding colonies

Author:
Jennifer Smart; Arjun Amar
Source:
Journal for nature conservation 2018 v.46 pp. 48-55
ISSN:
1617-1381
Subject:
Falco; Sternula; birds of prey; breeding; chicks; data collection; falcons; monitoring; motivation; nests; population growth; predation; predator control; predator-prey relationships; seabirds; England
Abstract:
... Predation can limit bird populations, especially in ground-nesting and colonial species. Solutions are usually available to reduce the impacts of predation if the predator is non-native or not legally protected (e.g. predator control or exclusion). However, when the predator is protected by law (e.g. raptors) potential solutions are limited. If predator and prey are both species of conservation co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jnc.2018.09.003

39. Do bridge construction activities influence birds using the River Mersey, in northwest England?

Author:
Colin Bonnington; Damian Smith
Source:
Bird study 2018 v.65 no.3 pp. 346-356
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Passeriformes; breeding; foraging; habitats; nesting; rivers; salt marshes; species abundance; surveys; water birds; England
Abstract:
... Capsule: Bridge construction works over a major river did not adversely impact the overall wintering and breeding bird assemblage, although contrasting species-specific trends in breeding number were noted. Aims: To determine whether the wintering water-bird and breeding bird assemblage using the River Mersey, in northwest England, was influenced by bridge construction works. Methods: Common bird ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2018.1513988

40. Does food supplementation really enhance productivity of breeding birds

Author:
Harrison, Timothy J. E.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Martin, Graham R.; Chamberlain, Dan E.; Bearhop, Stuart; Robb, Gillian N.; Reynolds, S. James
Source:
Oecologia 2010 v.164 no.2 pp. 311-320
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
endangered species; reproductive performance; Parus major; phenology; breeding; Cyanistes caeruleus; food availability; hatching; woodlands; dietary supplements; chicks; habitats; England
Abstract:
... Food availability influences multiple stages of the breeding cycle of birds, and supplementary feeding has helped in its understanding. Most supplementation studies have reported advancements of laying, whilst others, albeit less numerous, have also demonstrated fitness benefits such as larger clutches, shorter incubation periods, and greater hatching success. Relatively few studies, however, have ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-010-1645-x
PubMed:
20473622

41. Drivers of climate change impacts on bird communities

Author:
James W. Pearce‐Higgins; Sarah M. Eglington; Blaise Martay; Dan E. Chamberlain; Christiaan Both
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2015 v.84 no.4 pp. 943-954
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
birds; breeding; breeding season; climate change; community structure; habitats; population growth; spring; summer; temperature; weather; winter; England
Abstract:
... Climate change is reported to have caused widespread changes to species’ populations and ecological communities. Warming has been associated with population declines in long‐distance migrants and habitat specialists, and increases in southerly distributed species. However, the specific climatic drivers behind these changes remain undescribed. We analysed annual fluctuations in the abundance of 59 ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12364

42. Drivers of low breeding success in the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor in England: testing hypotheses for the decline

Author:
Elisabeth C. Charman; Ken W. Smith; Ian A. Dillon; Steve Dodd; Derek J. Gruar; Andrew Cristinacce; Phil V. Grice; Richard D. Gregory
Source:
Bird study 2012 v.59 no.3 pp. 255-265
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
adults; breeding; chicks; females; food availability; food shortages; males; models; nesting; nests; population dynamics; predation; rain; starvation; survival rate; woodpeckers; England
Abstract:
... Capsule The breeding success of Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos minor is now lower in England than previously reported and also lower than found in studies elsewhere in Europe.Aims To quantify the breeding success and identify the causes of nest failure. To test the hypotheses that breeding success is related to aspects of food limitation and parental care, and inclement weather during the ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2012.662941

43. Enhanced control of sheep ticks in upland sheep flocks: repercussions for red grouse co‐hosts

Author:
D. NEWBORN; D. BAINES
Source:
Medical and veterinary entomology 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 63-69
ISSN:
0269-283X
Subject:
Ixodes ricinus; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Louping ill virus; acaricides; bags; breeding; chicks; economics; farming systems; flocks; grouse; heathlands; seroprevalence; sheep; ticks; viability; wildlife; England
Abstract:
... Sheep ticks Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick‐borne diseases cause major economic losses in both upland sheep farming and moorland shoots of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. Sheep were treated with acaricide four times between March and October and double‐vaccinated against louping ill virus (LIV), instead of the conventional regime of two acaricide treatments and no vaccinations, on t ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00989.x
PubMed:
22112150

44. Evaluating the population-level impact of an invasive species, Ring-necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri, on native avifauna

Author:
NEWSON, STUART E.; JOHNSTON, ALISON; PARROTT, DAVE; LEECH, DAVID I.
Source:
Ibis 2011 v.153 no.3 pp. 509-516
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Psittacula; analytical methods; breeding; competitive exclusion; ecosystems; introduced species; invasive species; monitoring; nesting; nests; parakeets; surveys; England
Abstract:
... The introduction of exotic species to ecosystems can have severe consequences for populations of native organisms, but logistical limitations and shortage of historical data often hinder attempts to quantify the ecological implications of such relationships. The establishment and rapid expansion of Ring-necked Parakeets Psittacula krameri in England therefore presents a rare opportunity to apply n ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01121.x

45. Experimental evidence that deer browsing reduces habitat suitability for breeding Common Nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos

Author:
HOLT, CHAS A.; FULLER, ROBERT J.; DOLMAN, PAUL M.
Source:
Ibis 2010 v.152 no.2 pp. 335-346
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Cervidae; birds; breeding; browsing; coppicing; deer; environmental impact; fences; habitats; males; radio telemetry; regrowth; understory; vegetation; England
Abstract:
... The ecological impacts of increasing populations of deer (Cervidae) in Europe and North America are becoming more widespread and pronounced. Within Britain, it has been suggested that declines in several woodland bird species, particularly those dependent on dense understorey vegetation, may be at least partly due to these effects. Here we present experimental evidence of the effects of deer brows ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01012.x

46. Factors determining the frequency and productivity of double brooding of Barn Owls Tyto alba

Author:
P. Jackson; W. Cresswell
Source:
Bird study 2017 v.64 no.3 pp. 353-361
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Tyto alba; breeding; breeding season; brooders; chicks; eggs; fledglings; home range; linear models; nesting; nesting sites; nests; probability; voles; England
Abstract:
... Capsule : Early nesting Barn Owls Tyto alba and those that switched nest sites fledged most chicks overall because they could fit two, more productive, nesting attempts into a breeding season. Aims : To determine the frequency and productivity of double broods in Barn Owls, and for double brooders, to determine what affects the probability of nest switching and how that affects productivity. Metho ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2017.1363716

47. Fire blight resistance of pear genotypes from different European countries

Author:
Andrzej A. Przybyla; Kamila L. Bokszczanin; Malgorzata Schollenberger; Dariusz Gozdowski; Wieslaw Madry; Slawomir Odziemkowski
Source:
Trees 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 191-197
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Erwinia amylovora; Pyrus communis; breeding; clones; cultivars; genotype; pears; Belgium; England; Sweden; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Several old cultivars, and breeding clones of European pear Pyrus communis L. originating from Belgium, England, Sweden, and Switzerland were evaluated for their resistance/susceptibility to fire blight. Studies were carried out during three consecutive years 2007–2009 in the greenhouse of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland. Strain 691 of Erwinia amylovora was used for artificial infecti ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-011-0646-7
PubMed:
25983395
PubMed Central:
PMC4425262

48. First tracks of individual Blackcaps suggest a complex migration pattern

Author:
Dieter Hiemer; Volker Salewski; Wolfgang Fiedler; Steffen Hahn; Simeon Lisovski
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2018 v.159 no.1 pp. 205-210
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Sylvia atricapilla; birds; breeding; evolution; global change; migratory behavior; models; stopover sites; winter; England; France; Germany; Italy; Northern Africa
Abstract:
... The Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla is a model species for the evolution of bird migration in a time of global change. However, many assumptions about putative changes to their migratory paths have not been verified because, until recently, it has not been possible to track individual small passerines throughout the entire migration cycle. With the recent development of miniaturised light-level geoloc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-017-1490-3

49. First‐egg date and air temperature affect nest construction in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus, but not in Great Tits Parus major

Author:
Jennifer Britt; D. Charles Deeming
Source:
Bird study 2011 v.58 no.1 pp. 78-89
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Cyanistes caeruleus; Parus major; air temperature; bark; birds; breeding; climate change; climatic factors; discriminant analysis; feathers; grasses; nests; reproductive performance; wool; England
Abstract:
... Capsule For nest construction by Blue Tits, but not Great Tits, first‐egg date (FED) and air temperature significantly affected the mass of the nest as a whole and some of its component parts.Aims To test the hypothesis that use of nest materials is influenced by prevailing climatic conditions during nest construction.Methods Nests used in the study were built by Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2010.524916

50. Foraging habitat selection by breeding Common Kestrels Falco tinnunculus on lowland farmland in England

Author:
Claudia M. Garratt; Martin Hughes; Giselle Eagle; Tanya Fowler; Philip V. Grice; Mark J. Whittingham
Source:
Bird study 2011 v.58 no.1 pp. 90-98
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Falco; agricultural land; birds; breeding; breeding season; foraging; grasses; habitats; invertebrates; mammals; England
Abstract:
... Capsule Breeding Common Kestrels prefer to forage over recently cut grass than all other habitat types on farmland.Aims To identify foraging habitat and prey of Common Kestrels during the breeding season.Methods We observed seven pairs of Common Kestrels during the breeding season over three years, using fixed vantage point observations. We recorded foraging attempts, and habitat and prey data for ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2010.526192