An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Bioaugmented sand filtration has attracted considerable attention because it can effectively remove contaminants in drinking water without additional chemical reagent addition. In this study, a synthesized chemical manganese dioxide (MnO₂)-coated quartz sand (MnQS) and biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOₓ) composite system was proposed to simultaneously remove typical pharmaceutical contaminants and ...
Javier Palacios; Adrián Paredes; Fredi Cifuentes; Marcelo A. Catalán; Angel Luis García-Villalón; Jorge Borquez; Mario J. Simirgiotis; Matthew Jones; Amy Foster; David J. Greensmith
... The plant Senecio nutans SCh. Bip. is used by Andean communities to treat altitude sickness. Recent evidence suggests it may produce vasodilation and negative cardiac inotropy, though the cellular mechanisms have not been elucidated. To determinate the mechanisms action of S. nutans on cardiovascular function in normotensive animals. The effect of the extract on rat blood pressure was measured wit ...
... The blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides essential neuroprotection from environmental toxins and xenobiotics, through high expression of drug efflux transporters in endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries. However, xenobiotic exposure, stress, and inflammatory stimuli have the potential to disrupt BBB permeability in fetal and post-natal life. Understanding the role and ability of the BBB in p ...
analgesics; burden of disease; caffeine; demography; excretion; ibuprofen; municipal wastewater; population density; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are found in wastewater, and thus, the environment. In this study, current knowledge about the occurrence and fate of PPCPs in aquatic systems—including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and natural waters around the world—is critically reviewed to inform the state of the science and highlight existing knowledge gaps. Excretion by humans is the ...
... This pioneering work reports successful androgenic plant development via embryogenesis from microspore calluses in anther cultures and estimation of bioactive metabolites in in vitro regenerants and parent plant (control) of Cambod tea, Camellia assamica ssp. lasiocalyx (Planch MS) cultivar TV19. Anthers bearing microspores at early-to-late uni-nucleate stage were selected to initiate androgenesis ...
... Green tea cream, the precipitate formed in cooled green tea infusion, appears a negative effect on flavor. To explain the mechanism of green tea cream, complexations between four catechins (CATs) and caffeine (CAF) were engineered and characterized. Dynamic light scattering, high performance liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible ab ...
... The presence of five antibiotics (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol) and four analgesics (diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, and caffeine) were investigated in water and soil samples from the Sunyani municipality, Ghana. Liquid samples were collected from hospital effluents, sachet drinking water, municipal waterworks, river Tano, and dumpsite leachates, ...
Betty Mancebo Dorvigny; Lethicia Souza Tavares; Ingrydt Alcântara de Almeida; Lucas Nunes Santana; Esther de Souza Silva; Juliana Kelly Urtigas de Souza; Anísio Francisco Soares; Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Júnior; José Vitor Lima‐Filho
... Caffeine has been reported for its antiinflammatory properties by stimulating phagocytosis. In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory and antiinfective potential of caffeine in murine macrophage cell cultures and Swiss mice infected with virulent Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) were treated with caffeine on 96‐well plates for 24 hr and then infected ...
... Non-destructive techniques aided by machine learning models are widely implemented in food analysis. To discriminate between ‘special’ and ‘traditional’ classes of green coffee beans, an advanced multispectral imaging technique based on reflectance and autofluorescence data was employed in combination with four machine learning algorithms (SVM, RF, XGBoost, and CatBoost). Of the four algorithms, S ...
... The current study determined the hedonic perception and emotion response during coffee consumption, and also aimed to understand the coffee drinkers' involvement and consumption habits related to this beverage. An acceptability and an emotions test followed by an attitudinal survey on consumption habits and coffee involvement were performed with three coffees samples. Results suggest that coffee d ...
... Caffeine (CAF) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) are human activity indicators, classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The long-term effects of these CECs on keystone species are still scarce in the literature. In this study, the molting and reproduction of Daphnia magna were evaluated over chronicle experiments by quantitative and qualitative approaches. The reported environ ...
... Exploring the contamination profile of multi-class emerging contaminants (ECs) in wastewater is highly desirable. To this end, the occurrence, removal, mass loading and risks associated with a large panel of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, illicit drugs, perfluorinated compounds and organophosphate flame retardants in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the region of Thessalonik ...
... Although sports nutrition guidelines promote evidence-based practice, it is unclear whether women have been adequately included in the underpinning research. In view of the high usage rates of performance supplements by female athletes, we conducted a standardised audit of the literature supporting evidence-based products: β-alanine, caffeine, creatine, glycerol, nitrate/beetroot juice and sodium ...
... Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), a purine alkaloid derivative of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), is a high-value biochemical with several applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, chemical synthesis of paraxanthine requires harsh conditions and frequently results in low yield mixtures of non-specifically N-methylated compounds. We have recently demonstrated that ...
Miguel A. Ortega; Óscar Fraile-Martínez; Cielo García-Montero; Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon; Guillermo Lahera; Jorge Monserrat; Maria Llavero-Valero; Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas; Rosa Molina; Roberto Rodríguez-Jimenez; Javier Quintero; Melchor Alvarez De Mon
... Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a growing disabling condition affecting around 280 million people worldwide. This complex entity is the result of the interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, and compelling evidence suggests that MDD can be considered a disease that occurs as a consequence of an evolutionary mismatch and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In this context, ...
Coffea arabica; applied ecology; birds; caffeine; canopy; center of origin; chemistry; chlorogenic acid; forests; herbivores; pest control; pests; predation; sustainable agriculture; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... While sustainable agriculture relies on natural pest control, we lack insights into the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down factors on pest levels, especially along broad environmental and management gradients. To this aim, we focused on bottom-up and top-down control of herbivore damage in sixty sites in the centre of origin of Arabica coffee in southwestern Ethiopia, where coffee grows ...
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; acetaminophen; caffeine; data collection; databases; environment; exposome; humans; metabolites; metabolomics; phthalates; smoke; tobacco; xenobiotics
Abstract:
... Inter-chemical correlations in metabolomics and exposomics datasets provide valuable information for studying relationships among chemicals reported for human specimens. With an increase in the number of compounds for these datasets, a network graph analysis and visualization of the correlation structure is difficult to interpret. We have developed the Chemical Correlation Database (CCDB), as a sy ...
... Dysregulated hepatic lipogenesis represents a promising druggable target for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This work aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of caffeine in a NASH mouse model displaying increased hepatic lipogenesis driven by constitutive hepatic overexpression of the active v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT). Caffeine was administered in the AKT mi ...
adsorption; caffeine; coordination polymers; fabrics; markets; microencapsulation; polyamides; porosity; temperature
Abstract:
... Currently in the marketplace, we can find clothing items able to release skin-friendly ingredients while wearing them. These innovative products with high-added value are based on microencapsulation technology. In this work, due to its lightness, flexibility, porosity, chemical affinity and adsorption capacity, metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-53(Al) was the selected microcapsule to be synthesize ...
body fat; body mass index; caffeine; cellulose; exercise; heart rate; ingestion; nutrition; placebos
Abstract:
... Objective: No study has analyzed the effects of caffeine ingestion on performance during a multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion during a novel repeated agility test in futsal athletes. Methods: Using a double-blind, counterbalanced, and repeated-measures design, ten athletes (mass 71.2 ± 8.7 kg, height 1.77 ± 0.05 m, ...
... Thirty rats with glioma were divided into control group, temozolomide (TMZ) group (TMZ 30 mg/kg once daily for 5 day), and TMZ plus Caffeine group (TMZ 30 mg/kg once daily for 5 day and caffeine 100 mg/kg once daily for 2 weeks). The relative tumor fold and expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding prot ...
... The addition of trace contaminants to surface waters is recognized as a rising environmental concern and caffeine is among those most commonly detected. Classic toxicological analyses of single organisms have described some of the impacts of caffeine on freshwater organisms, but few have examined ecological interactions, food webs, or aquatic‐terrestrial linkages, especially in natural aquatic sys ...
... Caffeine and ethanol are naturally occurring compounds in floral nectar. We examined how these compounds influenced pollinator behaviors including floral preference, floral constancy, and social behavior using bumblebees, Bombus impatiens, which were given prior experience foraging on either human blue or human white (hereafter blue and white) artificial flowers. Because flower color influenced be ...
... Caffeine has been identified as emerging contaminant of concern due to its widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment and potential to be biologically active. Recently, these concerns have been translated in an increasing research on its occurrence and effects on biota. However, there is still a limited knowledge on seawater matrices and the implications of caffeine presence in coastal and m ...
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; caffeine; confidence interval; hazard ratio; mortality; nutrition; overweight; risk
Abstract:
... The association between caffeine consumption and mortality in different weight statuses is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of caffeine consumption on mortality in different weight statuses. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2014) was used in this study. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with appropriate sampling weight to asse ...
Andrey Alves Porto; Cicero Jonas R. Benjamim; Luana Almeida Gonzaga; Mariana Luciano de Almeida; Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior; David M. Garner; Vitor Engrácia Valenti
... Results regarding the effects of caffeine (CAF) intake on the autonomic control of heart rate recovery exercise remain inconclusive. Thus far, no study has used effect measures to pool the results of different experiments. We aim to assess the acute effect of CAF intake before exercise on the recovery of heart rate variability (HRV) after exercise through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ran ...
Ana C. Santos-Mariano; Gislaine Cristina-Souza; Pâmela Souza Santos; Pablo Ramon Domingos; Pedro De-Oliveira; Romulo Bertuzzi; Cintia Rodacki; Adriano E. Lima-Silva
... Caffeine (CAF) has been shown to be an efficient ergogenic in improving the performance of countermovement jump tests (CMJ). However, it has not been evaluated whether this improvement reproduces itself in well-trained high jumpers. To determine the effect of caffeine ingestion on CMJ performance, eight (5 men and 3 women) well-trained high-jumpers performed three CMJ one hour after the ingestion ...
acesulfame potassium; anion exchange resins; caffeine; coasts; ibuprofen; municipal wastewater; pH; saccharin; sewage; sorbents; sucralose; surface water; water pollution; Lake Ontario
Abstract:
... Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are widely used to track contaminants in surface waters. However, POCIS have not been used previously to monitor for artificial sweeteners as an indicator of wastewater pollution. In this study, we report for the first time the POCIS sampling rates (Rscₐₗ) for four artificial sweetener compounds, acesulfame (0.001 L/day), sucralose (0.114 L/day), ...
anxiety; caffeine; females; genes; genotype; genotyping; health status; males; questionnaires
Abstract:
... This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 ( ...
... Secondary metabolites are central to understanding the evolution of plant–animal interactions. Direct effects on phytophagous animals are well-known, but how secondary consumers adjust their behavioural and physiological responses to the herbivore's diet remains more scarcely explored for some metabolites. Caffeine is a neuroactive compound that affects both the behaviour and physiology of several ...
... Heterosis or hybrid vigor is extensively used in plant breeding. However, the contribution of metabolites to heterosis is still elusive. Here, we systematically identified the non-volatile and volatile metabolites of two hybrids and their parents in Camellia sinensis. The metabolomics analysis showed prevalent non-additive accumulation in hybrids, among which the non-additive nucleotides, alkaloid ...
... Coffea arabica L. leaves represent a viable alternative to the canonical matrices used for preparation of beverages, such as tea leaves and grounded coffee beans. Coffee leaves infusions are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds and have a lower concentration of caffeine. Due to increasing interest in this field, a complete study of the bioactive compounds as chlorogenic acids, xanthones and alka ...
... Predicting plant uptake of pharmaceuticals from soils is very challenging because many pharmaceuticals are ionizable compounds, which experience highly variable sorption/desorption and transformation processes in soils. This study aimed to elucidate how the equilibrium between sorbed and dissolved phases influences radish uptake of 15 pharmaceuticals from three soils with different properties. Aft ...
Oncorhynchus kisutch; aquatic invertebrates; base flow; biodegradation; caffeine; chemical composition; decline; environmental health; humans; landscapes; mass spectrometry; melamine; mortality; organophosphorus compounds; prioritization; rain; risk; streams; surface water; technology; urban runoff; urbanization; water quality; watershed management; Puget Sound
Abstract:
... Chemical contamination is an increasingly important conservation issue in urban runoff-impacted watersheds. Regulatory and restoration efforts typically evaluate limited conventional parameters and pollutants. However, complex urban chemical mixtures contain hundreds to thousands of organic contaminants that remain unidentified, unregulated, and poorly understood. This study aimed to develop broad ...
... Unsheltered homelessness is rapidly becoming a critical issue in many cities worldwide. The worsening situation not only highlights the socioeconomic plight, but it also raises awareness of ancillary issues such as the potential implications for urban water quality. The objective of this study was to simultaneously leverage diverse source tracking tools to develop a chemical and microbial fingerpr ...
Nguyen Thi Nu Trinh; Nguyen Ngoc Tuan; Tran Dinh Thang; Ping-Chung Kuo; Nguyen Ba Thanh; Le Nhat Tam; Le Hong Tuoi; Trang H. D. Nguyen; Danh C. Vu; Thi L. Ho; Le Ngoc Anh; Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy
... Monofloral honey samples (Coffea robusta) from Vietnam were determined for their chemical compositions. This is the first report on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of coffee honey from Vietnam. These samples were characterized by their high contents of total and reducing sugars, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. The contents of seven phenolic acids (PAs) were ...
Emanuele Catarina da Silva Oliveira; José Maria Rodrigues da Luz; Marina Gomes de Castro; Paulo Roberto Filgueiras; Rogério Carvalho Guarçoni; Eustáquio Vinicius Ribeiro de Castro; Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva; Lucas Louzada Pereira
... Edaphoclimatic conditions, planting altitudes, soil, the microbiome of plants and fruits, genotypes, and postharvest processing are variables that contribute to the chemical and sensory quality of the coffee. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of planting altitude and fermentation of fruits on the chemical and sensory quality of the coffee using Nuclear Magnetic Resonanc ...
... Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a non-conventional tea variety with low caffeine and high gallocatechin gallate (GCG). The anti-inflammatory activity of black cocoa tea and its underlying mechanisms remain virtually unknown. In this study, the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of water extracts from black cocoa tea (BCWE) and Yunnan Daye tea (BYWE) were compared. Results show ...
black tea; caffeine; chemical composition; epigallocatechin gallate; fermentation; flavanols; food research; isoquercitrin; polymerization; quercitrin; quinic acid; trees
Abstract:
... Ancient bud black tea (ABBT) is a special kind of black tea (BT) made from the bud of ancient tea tree. However, there is limited information about its chemical composition and the effects of shoot maturity and fermentation. By UHPLC-HRMS, 208 compounds including catechins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids and others were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in ABBT. By comparison with t ...
... In this study, the chemosensory components of microwave- or oven-roasted Coffea arabica L. were compared using high-performance liquid chromatography and electronic sensors. The contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid were the highest in green bean extract and were decreased with micro- and oven-roasting time. The decreases in the content of the two components were observed more in oven roasting ...
... The section Oleifera (Theaceae) has attracted attention for the high levels of unsaturated fatty acids found in its seeds. Here, we report the chromosome‐scale genome of the sect. Oleifera using diploid wild Camellia lanceoleosa with a final size of 3.00 Gb and an N50 scaffold size of 186.43 Mb. Repetitive sequences accounted for 80.63% and were distributed unevenly across the genome. Camellia lan ...
Marc C. Steger; Marina Rigling; Patrik Blumenthal; Valerie Segatz; Andrès Quintanilla-Belucci; Julia M. Beisel; Jörg Rieke-Zapp; Steffen Schwarz; Dirk W. Lachenmeier; Yanyan Zhang
Camellia sinensis; Coffea arabica; Lactobacillus; ash content; byproducts; caffeine; chlorogenic acid; epigallocatechin gallate; essential oils; farms; fermentation; flavanols; gas chromatography; income; leaves; odors; ovens; polyphenols; tea; trigonelline; water content; yeasts; El Salvador
Abstract:
... The production of coffee leaf tea (Coffea arabica) in El Salvador and the influences of processing steps on non-volatile compounds and volatile aroma-active compounds were investigated. The tea was produced according to the process steps of conventional tea (Camellia sinensis) with the available possibilities on the farm. Influencing factors were the leaf type (old, young, yellow, shoots), process ...
... Coffee consumption has been associated with the reduction of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The aim of this review was to summarize the research conducted in the last five years (or older, when appropriate) on the relationship between the consumption of coffee bioactive compounds, obesity, and T2DM. A bibliographic search was performed using the We ...
adiponectin; alanine transaminase; blood serum; caffeine; fatty liver; fibroblast growth factors; flavonoids; genes; high carbohydrate diet; insulin resistance; interleukin-6; necrosis; neoplasms; protein synthesis; tandem mass spectrometry; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... Coffee peel (CP) contains abundant phytochemicals which might prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to identify the main phytochemicals in CP extracts, and to investigate whether CP extracts could ameliorate NAFLD through a hepatic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21-adiponectin signaling pathway. Caffeine and seven monomers of flavonoids were identified from CP ...
... Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, two phytochemicals found in a wide range of natural dietary sources, have been reported to have protective effects against hyperlipidemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, their relative efficacy and synergy in lowering lipid level are unclear. This study intended to compare lipid-lowering activity of EGCG and caffeine and to ...
... Camellia plants include more than 200 species of great diversity and immense economic, ornamental, and cultural values. We sequenced the transcriptomes of 116 Camellia plants from almost all sections of the genus Camellia. We constructed a pan‐transcriptome of Camellia plants with 89 394 gene families and then resolved the phylogeny of genus Camellia based on 405 high‐quality low‐copy core genes. ...
... Cultural differences have been reported between the taste sensitivity of persons of Asian and European ancestry, although findings have been mixed. This study sought to determine whether American and Chinese adults perform differently on a novel taste test that requires no water, can be self‐administered, and employs a representative of umami as one of its tastants. This 53‐trial test was administ ...
alpha-amylase; antioxidants; black tea; caffeine; comparative study; cream; flavanols; flavonols; glycosides; high performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; oxidation; tea (beverage); theaflavins; ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... Tea cream is a kind of turbid substance commonly existing in tea infusion and tea beverage upon cooling. Herein, a comparative study was conducted on the supernatant and cream from black tea infusion in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities, and chemical composition. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analy ...
... Activated carbon (AC) can be used for the removal of emerging contaminants (e.g., drugs) in water and wastewater treatment plants. In the present study, we investigated the performance of two ACs (from coconut shell and Pinnus sp.) in the adsorption of caffeine, carbamazepine, and ricobendazole considering the compounds separately and in combination in batch-scale experiments. The concentrations o ...
... Coffee flavor is a complex commercial trait and its generation mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated non-volatile and volatile compounds in the AA grade coffee beans of cultivated and wild Coffea arabica accessions in Kenya. An increased accumulation of trigonelline and sucrose along with a decreased accumulation of caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid or chlorogenic acid (CGA) re ...