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1. Organization of the New England Rocky Intertidal Community: Role of Predation, Competition, and Environmental Heterogeneity

Author:
Bruce A. Menge
Source:
Ecological monographs 1976 v.46 no.4 pp. 355-393
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Ascophyllum nodosum; Balanus; Fucus; Mytilus edulis; algae; cages; canopy; carnivores; community structure; conservation areas; experimental design; herbivores; interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; littoral zone; microhabitats; mussels; population ecology; predation; predators; prey species; shade; snails; species richness; spring; stainless steel; storms; summer; winter; Maine; Massachusetts; New England region
Abstract:
... The influences of predation, competition, biological disturbance, exposure to wave action, and inclination and heterogeneity of the substratum on the structure of the rocky intertidal community of New England were studied with a combination of experiments and observations at six areas in Maine and Massachusetts from 1972—1975. Several aspects of community structure (seasonal utilization of primary ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942563

2. Effect of Grazing and Browsing Fishes on the Zonation of Corals in Guam

Author:
Steve Neudecker
Source:
Ecology 1979 v.60 no.4 pp. 666-672
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Scleractinia; browsing; cages; community structure; corals; fish; fish feeding; grazing; habitats; mucus; reefs; Guam
Abstract:
... Controlled coral transplant experiments were used to determine the effect of piscine corallivores on growth, zonation, and distribution of scleractinian corals in Guam. Pocillopora damicornis L. generally occurs only on the reef flat, reef margin (crest), and in lagoon habitats of the Indo—West Pacific. Although P. damicornis grows in deeper reef habitats in the eastern Pacific, it is seldom found ...
DOI:
10.2307/1936602

3. An Experimental Analysis of Biological Factors Contributing to Stream Community Structure

Author:
Barbara L. Peckarsky; Stanley I. Dodson
Source:
Ecology 1980 v.61 no.6 pp. 1283-1290
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
cages; community structure; habitats; invertebrates; predators; streams; Colorado; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Densities of invertebrates were manipulated within stony substrate filled cages in a Wisconsin and a Colorado stream to test the effects of prey densities on colonizaiton of the cages by invertebrate predators and potential competitors. There was no difference between the number of predators colonizing cages with high initial prey densities and that the colonizing cages with zero initial prey dens ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939035

4. The Role of Fish Predation and Spatial Heterogeneity in Determining Benthic Community Structure

Author:
Ellen Gilinsky
Source:
Ecology 1984 v.65 no.2 pp. 455-468
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Chironomidae; Lepomis macrochirus; autumn; benthic organisms; cages; community structure; fish; habitats; herbivores; littoral zone; macroinvertebrates; macrophytes; predation; seasonal variation; sediments; spatial variation; species diversity; summer; winter
Abstract:
... The effects of predation and spatial heterogeneity on the benthic macroinvertebrates in the littoral zone of a pond were investigated in a year—long caging experiment. Bluegill sunfish stocked at three densities within the cages were used as the predator. Heterogeneity was manipulated using artificial macrophytes. The presence of plants led to increases both in species richness and in density of m ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941408

5. Community Responses to Variable Predation: Field Studies With Sunfish and Freshwater Macroinvertebrates

Author:
Mark J. Butler IV
Source:
Ecological monographs 1989 v.59 no.3 pp. 311-328
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Lepomis macrochirus; Odonata; cages; censuses; community structure; fish; freshwater; habitats; lakes; littoral zone; macroinvertebrates; nuclear power industry; predation; prey species; spatial variation; species abundance; Florida
Abstract:
... I studied the impact of variable predation by bluegill sunfish on macroinvertebrate prey in a North Florida lake. Underwater time—lapse cinematography and censuses of bluegill abundances in shallow, middepth, and deep habitats permitted estimation of predation intensity and variability within and among lake habitats. I then incorporated predation rates typical of the middepth zone in caging experi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942604

6. Priority effects in coral reef fish communities

Author:
Glenn R. Almany
Source:
Ecology 2003 v.84 no.7 pp. 1920-1935
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Acanthuridae; Labridae; Muraenidae; Pomacentridae; cages; community structure; coral reefs; fish communities; grouper; juveniles; larvae; mortality; piscivores
Abstract:
... Demographically open communities are often viewed as stochastically structured assemblages because most colonizing juveniles arrive via unpredictable dispersal mechanisms. However, interactions between established residents and incoming juveniles may affect juvenile persistence in species‐specific ways and could therefore impose a degree of determinism on future community structure. Using 16 spati ...
DOI:
10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1920:PEICRF]2.0.CO;2

7. Removal experiment reveals limited effects of a behaviorally dominant species on ant assemblages

Author:
Heloise Gibb; Dieter F. Hochuli
Source:
Ecology 2004 v.85 no.3 pp. 648-657
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Iridomyrmex purpureus; baits; cages; community structure; fauna; foraging; sandstone; social dominance; surveys; Australia
Abstract:
... Ant communities are thought to consist of a competitive hierarchy of interacting species, with an assemblage of subordinate species being structured by a dominant species. Mensurative and behavioral studies suggest a significant role for competition in structuring ant communities, although there are few experimental studies to support this contention. We examined the effect of the dominant ant Iri ...
DOI:
10.1890/03-0007

8. Environmental impact of capture-based bluefin tuna aquaculture on benthic communities in the western Mediterranean

Author:
Vita, Rubén; Marin, Arnaldo
Source:
Aquaculture research 2007 v.38 no.4 pp. 331-339
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Thunnus thynnus; benthic zone; cages; community structure; environmental assessment; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; farmed fish; farms; fish culture; remediation; sediments; surveys; tuna; Mediterranean Sea
Abstract:
... Tuna farming is based on fishing bluefin tuna in their natural habit of the western Mediterranean and fattening them in floating cages. Although this type of aquaculture is expanding rapidly in the Mediterranean Sea, very little information is available for an environmental impact assessment and environmental monitoring of tuna ranching. Spatial and temporal scales of impact need to be established ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01649.x

9. Effects of fish-farm biodeposition on periphyton assemblages on artificial substrates in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Gulf of Castellammare, Sicily)

Author:
Mannino, Anna Maria; Sara, Gianluca
Source:
Aquatic ecology 2008 v.42 no.4 pp. 575-581
ISSN:
1386-2588
Subject:
fish culture; fish farms; aquatic plant culture; community structure; Phaeophyceae; community facilities; Cyanobacteria; periphyton; Chlorophyceae; cages; Rhodophyta; Bacillariophyceae; Tyrrhenian Sea; Sicily
Abstract:
... An algal assemblage growing on artificial substrata of fish-farm cages was investigated. Specifically, algal response to the effects of fish-farm facilities was studied, in order to identify a possible future descriptor of biodeposition impact. Some sites were positioned upstream of the farms (at least 750 m; 'controls') and other sites were positioned downstream of the farms ('impacts'). All site ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10452-007-9131-1

10. Herbivore species richness and feeding complementarity affect community structure and function on a coral reef

Author:
Burkepile, Deron E.; Hay, Mark E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 v.105 no.42 pp. 16201-16206
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
cages; community structure; complementary foods; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; feeding methods; fish; food webs; herbivores; infant feeding; macroalgae; mortality; species diversity
Abstract:
... Consumer effects on prey are well known for cascading through food webs and producing dramatic top-down effects on community structure and ecosystem function. Bottom-up effects of prey (primary producer) biodiversity are also well known. However, the role of consumer diversity in affecting community structure or ecosystem function is not well understood. Here, we show that herbivore species richne ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0801946105
PubMed:
18845686
PubMed Central:
PMC2565647

11. Shading facilitates sessile invertebrate dominance in the rocky subtidal gulf of maine

Author:
Robert J. Miller; Ron J. Etter
Source:
Ecology 2008 v.89 no.2 pp. 452-462
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Ascidiacea; Bryozoa; Cirripedia; cages; community structure; corals; granite; larvae; macroalgae; mortality; phototaxis; predation; shade; tropics; water flow; Gulf of Maine
Abstract:
... Dramatic shifts in community composition occur between vertical and horizontal rocky surfaces in subtidal environments worldwide, yet the forces mediating this transition are poorly understood. Vertical rock walls are often covered by lush, diverse communities of sessile suspension‐feeding invertebrates, while adjacent horizontal substrates are dominated by algae, or corals in the tropics. Multipl ...
DOI:
10.1890/06-1099.1

12. Natural densities of mesograzers fail to limit growth of macroalgae or their epiphytes in a temperate algal bed

Author:
Poore, Alistair G.B.; Campbell, Alexandra H.; Steinberg, Peter D.
Source:
Journal of ecology 2009 v.97 no.1 pp. 164-175
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Sargassum linearifolium; cages; community structure; epiphytes; field experimentation; fish; grazing; habitats; herbivores; invertebrates; macroalgae; plant communities; primary productivity; seagrasses
Abstract:
... 1. Herbivory is particularly intense in marine environments, with a higher proportion of primary productivity removed than in terrestrial habitats. Experimental manipulation of large herbivores (fish, urchins) has clearly documented their grazing impacts on algal and seagrass beds. Grazing impacts of mesograzers (small invertebrates such as amphipods and isopods) are, however, less understood due ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01457.x

13. Resource competition and shared natural enemies in experimental insect communities

Author:
Jones, Thomas S.; Godfray, H. Charles J.; van Veen, F. J. Frank
Source:
Oecologia 2009 v.159 no.3 pp. 627-635
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Acyrthosiphon pisum; Megoura viciae; Praon; Vicia faba; cages; carrying capacity; community structure; host plants; insect communities; interspecific competition; natural enemies; natural resources; parasitoids; population growth
Abstract:
... Much theory has been developed to explore how competition for shared resources (exploitation competition) or the presence of shared natural enemies (apparent competition) might structure insect and other communities. It is harder to predict what happens when both processes operate simultaneously. We describe an experiment that attempted to explore how shared natural enemies and resource competitio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-008-1247-z
PubMed:
19082628

14. Relative influence of habitat complexity and proximity to patch edges on seagrass epifaunal communities

Author:
Moore, Eliza C.; Hovel, Kevin A.
Source:
Oikos 2010 v.119 no.8 pp. 1299-1311
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
Zostera marina; biomass; cages; community structure; edge effects; fish; habitats; predation; predators; surveys; California
Abstract:
... Habitat structure at many scales influences faunal communities. Although habitat structure at different scales often covaries, studies rarely examine the relative effects of structure at multiple scales on faunal density and diversity. In shallow-water seagrass systems, epifaunal density at local scales generally increases with increased habitat structural complexity (e.g. shoot density per unit a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17909.x

15. Do captive conditions favor shedding of parasites in the reared Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)?

Author:
I. Mladineo; T. Šegvić; M. Petrić
Source:
Parasitology international 2011 v.60 no.1 pp. 25-33
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
Anisakis; Thunnus thynnus; aquaculture; cages; community structure; decision support systems; harvest date; longevity; models; monitoring; nestedness; parasites; parasitology; pathogens; rearing; species diversity; tuna
Abstract:
... Tuna (Thunnus spp.) has been characterized by long distance migrations, highly predatory behavior and longevity, all of which in turn, enable infections with a wide spectrum of different parasitic groups, reflecting in a remarkable diversity of tuna parasite communities. Since 2003, we have been monitoring parasite communities of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) that are caught from the wil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.007

16. Forestcheck: terrestrial vertebrate associations with fox control and silviculture in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest

Author:
Adrian F. Wayne; Graeme L. Liddelow; Matthew R. Williams
Source:
Australian forestry 2011 v.74 no.4 pp. 336-349
ISSN:
2325-6087
Subject:
reptiles; trees; forests; Tiliqua; pitfall traps; Eucalyptus marginata; ecosystems; frogs; harvesting; temporal variation; Acacia melanoxylon; autumn; community structure; monitoring; variance; foxes; species diversity; cages; logging; Bettongia; spring; Trichosurus vulpecula; Dasyurus; shelterwood systems; stand basal area; Vulpes vulpes; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Summary Terrestrial vertebrate associations with silviculture and other factors were investigated as part of the FORESTCHECK monitoring program in the jarrah (Eucalytpus marginata) forests of south-west Western Australia. A total of 48 integrated monitoring grids form the basis of this study—sampled over five years (2001–2006), across five ecosystem-defined regions (one sampled per year), each wit ...
DOI:
10.1080/00049158.2011.10676377

17. Influence of fish cage farming on water quality and plankton in fish ponds: A case study in the Rift Valley and North Shoa reservoirs, Ethiopia

Author:
Fasil Degefu; Seyoum Mengistu; Michael Schagerl
Source:
Aquaculture 2011 v.316 no.1-4 pp. 129-135
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Anabaenopsis; Copepoda; Oreochromis niloticus; Pediastrum; Rotifera; ammonium nitrogen; cage culture; cages; case studies; community structure; fish; fish culture; fish feeds; fish ponds; fish waste; highlands; nutrient content; nutrients; oxygen; phosphorus; phytoplankton; valleys; water quality; water reservoirs; zooplankton; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... The potential impact of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cage culture on water quality and pelagic community composition was investigated in two Ethiopian small water bodies, one located in the highlands (Yemlo) and the other in the Great Rift Valley (Allage). This study was designed to assess the difference between the cages and open water in relation to those water quality changes attributab ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.010

18. Effects of tribasic copper chloride on growth, copper status, antioxidant activities, immune responses and intestinal microflora of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed practical diets

Author:
Xian-Ping Shao; Wen-Bin Liu; Kang-Le Lu; Wei-Na Xu; Wei-Wei Zhang; Ying Wang; Jie Zhu
Source:
Aquaculture 2012 v.338-341 no. pp. 154-159
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Megalobrama amblycephala; animal growth; antioxidant activity; cages; chlorides; community structure; copper; feed conversion; feed supplements; fish feeding; immune response; intestines; kidneys; liver; microorganisms; weight gain
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tribasic copper chloride on growth, copper status, antioxidant activities, immune responses and intestinal microflora in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. Eight practical diets containing different levels of copper (0, 3, 6, 9, 25, 50, 100 and 150mg Cukg⁻¹) from tribasic copper chloride were fed to blunt snout bream (31g of ini ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.01.018

19. Influence of a dominant consumer species reverses at increased diversity

Author:
Margarita Brandt; Jon D. Witman; Angel I. Chiriboga
Source:
Ecology 2012 v.93 no.4 pp. 868-878
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Lytechinus; Tripneustes; Ulva; algae; benthic organisms; cages; community structure; ecosystems; grazing; habitats; islands; species diversity; Galapagos Islands
Abstract:
... Theory and experiments indicate that changes in consumer diversity affect benthic community structure and ecosystem functioning. Although the effects of consumer diversity have been tested in the laboratory and the field, little is known about effects of consumer diversity in the subtidal zone, one of the largest marine habitats. We investigated the grazing effects of sea urchins on algal abundanc ...
DOI:
10.1890/10-1785.1

20. Meiofauna as an indicator for assessing the impact of fish farming at an exposed marine site

Author:
Simone Mirto; Michele Gristina; Mauro Sinopoli; Giulia Maricchiolo; Lucrezia Genovese; Salvatrice Vizzini; Antonio Mazzola
Source:
Ecological indicators 2012 v.18 no. pp. 468-476
ISSN:
1470-160X
Subject:
Copepoda; Nematoda; Polychaeta; biodiversity; cages; carbon; chemistry; community structure; fish culture; fish farms; lipids; proteins; sediments; Mediterranean Sea; Sicily
Abstract:
... This study aimed to detect the impact of organic loads due to biodeposition from a fish farm in an exposed area of the Strait of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. Sediment chemistry and meiofaunal assemblages were investigated on a seasonal basis at four stations: two from the impacted area and two control stations. The presence of the cages induced a significant accumulation of proteins, lipids and biop ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.015

21. Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on microbial euendolithic communities and their bioerosion rates

Author:
M. Carreiro-Silva; W.E. Kiene; S. Golubic; T.R. McClanahan
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2012 v.64 no.3 pp. 602-613
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
water pollution; coral reefs; Strombus; nutrient content; nitrogen content; community structure; nitrogen; fertilizers; Chlorophyta; phosphorus; nutrients; Cyanobacteria; cages; bacteria; fungi; Belize
Abstract:
... Cages and fertilizers were used at Glover’s Atoll, Belize to test the relative importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to microbial euendolithic communities (bacteria, algae and fungi) and their bioerosion rates of Strombus gigas shells after 56-days of exposure. By the end of the experiment, the abundance of green algae was higher than cyanobacteria and fungi in N and N+P treatments, althou ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.013

22. Effects of fish farming on phytoplankton community under the thermal stress caused by a power plant in a eutrophic, semi-enclosed bay: Induce toxic dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum minimum) blooms in cold seasons

Author:
Zhibing Jiang; Yibo Liao; Jingjing Liu; Lu Shou; Quanzhen Chen; Xiaojun Yan; Genhai Zhu; Jiangning Zeng
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2013 v.76 no.1-2 pp. 315-324
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Prorocentrum; ammonium compounds; cages; cold season; community structure; eutrophication; fish culture; fish farms; interspecific variation; phytoplankton; power plants; species diversity; temperature; thermal stress; toxicity; water pollution; winter; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Six cruises were conducted in a fish farm adjacent to the Ninghai Power Plant in Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea. Fish farming significantly increased NH4+, DIP, and TOC concentrations, while it significantly decreased the DO level. These increase/decrease trends were more pronounced in warmer seasons. Although culture practices did not significantly increase phytoplankton density, it drastically en ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.006

23. Effects of sympatric predatory crabs Romaleon polyodon and Cancer plebejus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Cancridae) on sublittoral macrobenthic communities

Author:
Aldo S. Pacheco; Martin Thiel; Roberto A. Uribe; Leonardo Campos; Jose M. Riascos
Source:
Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2013 v.443 pp. 147-154
ISSN:
0022-0981
Subject:
Cancer plebejus; Romaleon polyodon; biomass; cages; community structure; crabs; ecosystems; fisheries; habitats; landscapes; macroinvertebrates; predators; sediments; species diversity; traditional technology
Abstract:
... Although large crabs are recognized as important sediment disturbers influencing the structure of benthic communities, the role of dominant predatory crabs in soft-bottom habitats along the Humboldt Current Ecosystem, remains largely unknown. A field study was conducted, hypothesizing that the digging activity of these predators disturbs the habitat thereby leading to a reduction in individual abu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.044

24. Patterns of top‐down control in a seagrass ecosystem: could a roving apex predator induce a behaviour‐mediated trophic cascade?

Author:
Derek A. Burkholder; Michael R. Heithaus; James W. Fourqurean; Aaron Wirsing; Lawrence M. Dill; Peter Hambäck
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2013 v.82 no.6 pp. 1192-1202
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Chelonia mydas; Dugong dugon; Galeocerdo cuvier; cages; community structure; foraging; habitats; herbivores; leaves; marine ecosystems; nutrient content; phosphorus; predation; predators; risk; sea turtles; seagrasses; sharks; shoots
Abstract:
... The loss of large‐bodied herbivores and/or top predators has been associated with large‐scale changes in ecosystems around the world, but there remain important questions regarding the contexts in which such changes are most likely and the mechanisms through which they occur, particularly in marine ecosystems. We used long‐term exclusion cages to examine the effects of large grazers (sea cows, Dug ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12097
PubMed:
23730871

25. Small mammals in high altitude phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil: are heterogeneous habitats more diverse?

Author:
Felipe Santana Machado; Renato Gregorin; Paula Salomon Bezerra Mouallem
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2013 v.22 no.8 pp. 1769-1782
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
altitude; biodiversity; cages; cerrado; community structure; habitats; small mammals; tropical montane cloud forests; Brazil
Abstract:
... The Chapada das Perdizes is considered a region of high biodiversity, but there are few studies that describe the small mammals in the region, mainly in higher portions of the area. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the richness and abundance of terrestrial small mammals within three different vegetation types in the high altitude region of southern Minas Gerais and to evaluate t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-013-0511-7

26. The impact of plant diversity and fertilization on fitness of a generalist grasshopper

Author:
Anne Ebeling; Eric Allan; Juliane Heimann; Günter Köhler; Michael Scherer-Lorenzen; Anja Vogel; Alexandra Weigelt; Wolfgang W. Weisser
Source:
Basic and applied ecology 2013 v.14 no.3 pp. 246-254
ISSN:
1439-1791
Subject:
Chorthippus parallelus; cages; community structure; ecosystems; egg masses; eutrophication; females; food plants; grasshoppers; grasslands; insect pests; land use; males; nymphs; phytophagous insects; plant communities; rearing; species diversity
Abstract:
... In many environments land use intensification is likely to result in a decrease in species richness and in an increase in eutrophication. Although the importance of both factors for higher trophic levels such as insect herbivores is well documented, their impact has rarely been studied in combination. Herbivorous insects have a strong impact on the functioning of ecosystems and it is therefore imp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.baae.2013.01.006

27. Trappability of introduced and native rodents in different trap types in coastal forests of south-eastern Australia

Author:
Vicki L. Stokes
Source:
Australian mammalogy 2013 v.35 no.1 pp. 49-53
ISSN:
0310-0049
Subject:
Rattus rattus; adults; age structure; cages; coastal forests; community structure; habitats; juveniles; population size; rats; small mammals; trapping; traps; Australia
Abstract:
... Trapping is an invaluable tool for estimating community composition and population size and structure of mammals. Bias in the relative contribution of species to a community and the age and sex structure of populations can occur where the traps used do not equally trap all species, sexes or cohorts. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of enclosed Elliott traps and open wire cage tr ...
DOI:
10.1071/AM12002

28. Variability of biofouling communities on fish cage nets: A 1-year field study at a Norwegian salmon farm

Author:
Nina Bloecher; Yngvar Olsen; Jana Guenther
Source:
Aquaculture 2013 v.416-417 pp. 302-309
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Hiatella arctica; Mytilus edulis; Polysiphonia; Saccharina; Salmo salar; aquaculture; biofouling; biomass production; cages; community structure; fish farms; larynx; mussels; salmon; species diversity; Norway
Abstract:
... The accumulation of biofouling on cage nets is a major problem and cost factor in finfish aquaculture worldwide. Norway is one of the main producers of Atlantic salmon, but biofouling on salmon farms has not been studied systematically. In a 1-year field study at a commercial salmon farm in Central Norway the effects of immersion period (1, 3, 6 and 12months), sampling time, mesh size (13 and 25mm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.025

29. Above- and below-ground interactions with agricultural management: Effects of soil microbial communities on barley and aphids

Author:
Alwyn Williams; Klaus Birkhofer; Katarina Hedlund
Source:
Pedobiologia 2014 v.57 no.2 pp. 67-74
ISSN:
0031-4056
Subject:
Aphidoidea; agricultural management; barley; biomass production; cages; community structure; fecundity; grain yield; greenhouse experimentation; inoculum; intensive farming; microbial biomass; microbial communities; mycorrhizal fungi; nitrogen; nutrition; progeny; roots; shoots; soil
Abstract:
... Recent research has shown that agricultural management affects microbial biomass and community composition. We investigated the functional implications of such effects in terms of barley biomass production and nutrient acquisition, and whether changes in barley nutrient status affected aphid fecundity. Soils were collected from conventional, ley and organic arable fields and used as inocula in a g ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.01.004

30. Benthic foraminifera assemblages as elemental pollution bioindicator in marine sediments around fish farm (Vrgada Island, Central Adriatic, Croatia)

Author:
Jelena Vidović; Matej Dolenec; Tadej Dolenec; Vatroslav Karamarko; Petra Žvab Rožič
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2014 v.83 no.1 pp. 198-213
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
cages; community structure; environmental factors; fish culture; marine sediments; pellets; phosphorus; species diversity; trace elements; water pollution; Croatia
Abstract:
... Effects on sediments of fish farming activity near Vrgada Island was analysed through living and total foraminiferal assemblages and concentration of major, minor and trace elements from three sediment cores. Elemental concentrations of sediments are in accordance with carbonate characteristics of the surrounding area and show mostly natural element variations between sampling locations and throug ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.051

31. Calcium concentration in leaf litter affects the abundance and survival of crustaceans in streams draining warm–temperate forests

Author:
Tamihisa Ohta; Shigeru Niwa; Tsutom Hiura
Source:
Freshwater biology 2014 v.59 no.4 pp. 748-760
ISSN:
0046-5070
Subject:
Cryptomeria japonica; Gammarus; cages; calcium; community structure; forest types; invertebrates; leaves; nutrients; nylon; plant litter; plantations; planting; streams; terrestrial ecosystems; trees; watersheds; Japan
Abstract:
... Stream ecosystems receive large quantities of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems that influence community dynamics. However, few studies have investigated the effects of subsidiary calcium, an essential element of animals, on stream ecosystems. We focused on differences in calcium concentrations of leaf litter between tree species. In particular, litter of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) ...
DOI:
10.1111/fwb.12301

32. How much is too much? Identifying benchmarks of adverse effects of macroalgae on the macrofauna in intertidal flats

Author:
Lauri Green; Martha Sutula; Peggy Fong
Source:
Ecological applications 2014 v.24 no.2 pp. 300-314
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Ulva; biochemical oxygen demand; biomass; cages; community structure; ecosystems; environmental health; estuaries; eutrophication; fauna; field experimentation; herbivores; invertebrates; littoral zone; macroalgae; moieties; organic matter; sediments; species diversity; suspension feeding; California
Abstract:
... Eutrophication, defined as the accumulation of organic matter typically in response to anthropogenically enhanced nutrient inputs, often takes the form of macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries and causes a cascade of adverse ecosystem effects. Confidence in the use of macroalgae as an indicator of eutrophication in estuaries is limited by the lack of quantitative data on thresholds of adverse eff ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-0524.1

33. Meso-predators: A confounding variable in consumer exclusion studies

Author:
James T. Lavender; Katherine A. Dafforn; Emma L. Johnston
Source:
Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2014 v.456 pp. 26-33
ISSN:
0022-0981
Subject:
Amphipoda; Bryozoa; Platyhelminthes; cages; community structure; invertebrates; predation; predators
Abstract:
... Large consumers are important in determining community structure and have been extensively researched. The impact of predation on hard-substrate marine invertebrate communities tends to be mixed. Numerous exclusion studies fail to incorporate appropriate procedural controls or account for meso-predators. An experimental exclusion study was performed to investigate the effects of large predators on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jembe.2014.03.008

34. Changes in fish community structure associated with cage aquaculture in Lake Malawi, Africa

Author:
A.M. Macuiane; R.E. Hecky; S.J. Guildford
Source:
Aquaculture 2015 v.448 pp. 8-17
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
biomass; cage culture; cages; community structure; conservation areas; farmed fish; farms; fish communities; fishermen; gillnets; indigenous species; species diversity; Lake Malawi; Malawi
Abstract:
... Local fishermen claim that introduction of a commercial cage aquaculture farm in Lake Malawi resulted in low fish catches as fish take refuge within the farm. Fish specimens were caught in three fishing sites, one at the farm and two at 5km southeast and northwest of the farm in February, April, June, and August 2012 using four experimental multi-mesh gillnets with similar dimensions to catch diff ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.05.015

35. Community structure changes in sediment bacterial communities along an organic enrichment gradient associated with fish farming

Author:
Stilianos Fodelianakis; Nafsika Papageorgiou; Ioannis Karakassis; Emmanuel D. Ladoukakis
Source:
Annals of microbiology 2015 v.65 no.1 pp. 331-338
ISSN:
1590-4261
Subject:
bacterial communities; cages; chlorophyll; community structure; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; effluents; fish culture; fish farms; phylogeny; redox potential; sediments; Greece
Abstract:
... We investigated changes in sediment bacterial community structure across a spatial organic enrichment gradient associated with fish farms in two different sites in the Eastern Mediterranean (Greece). The observed trend was similar at both fish farms even though they are far from each other. The mean number of the most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was not significantly different, eit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13213-014-0865-4

36. Effects of simulated overfishing on the succession of benthic algae and invertebrates in an upwelling-influenced coral reef of Pacific Costa Rica

Author:
F. Roth; I. Stuhldreier; C. Sánchez-Noguera; Á. Morales-Ramírez; C. Wild
Source:
Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2015 v.468 pp. 55-66
ISSN:
0022-0981
Subject:
benthic organisms; cages; carbon nitrogen ratio; coasts; community structure; coral reefs; eutrophication; fish; herbivores; invertebrates; lawns and turf; macroalgae; monitoring; nutrient content; nutrients; organic matter; overfishing; tiles; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Overfishing and nutrient enrichment are among the major local stressors to coral reefs worldwide, as they can alter the benthic reef community by promoting fast growing algae and bioeroders. The Northern coast of Pacific Costa Rica is strongly influenced by seasonal upwelling events that naturally increase nutrient concentrations between December and March. This study therefore investigated the co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jembe.2015.03.018

37. Indirect effects of predators control herbivore richness and abundance in a benthic eelgrass (Zostera marina) mesograzer community

Author:
Sarah L. Amundrud; Diane S. Srivastava; Mary I. O'Connor; Eoin O'Gorman
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2015 v.84 no.4 pp. 1092-1102
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Caprella; Gammaridae; Zostera marina; cages; community structure; eutrophication; field experimentation; habitats; herbivores; nutrients; overfishing; predation; predators; slow-release fertilizers; species diversity
Abstract:
... Herbivore communities can be sensitive to changes in predator pressure (top‐down effects) and resource availability (bottom‐up effects) in a wide range of systems. However, it remains unclear whether such top‐down and bottom‐up effects reflect direct impacts of predators and/or resources on herbivores, or are indirect, reflecting altered interactions among herbivore species. We quantified direct a ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12350

38. Seasonal effects of waterfowl grazing on submerged macrophytes: The role of flowers

Author:
Candela Marco-Méndez; Patricia Prado; Luis Miguel Ferrero-Vicente; Carles Ibáñez; José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
Source:
Aquatic botany 2015 v.120 pp. 275-282
ISSN:
0304-3770
Subject:
Anas platyrhynchos; Fulica atra; Ruppia; Stuckenia pectinata; aquatic ecosystems; autumn; cages; canopy; community structure; flowering; flowers; food availability; food choices; grazing; herbivores; macrophytes; phytomass; seasonal variation; summer; tissues; waterfowl; winter
Abstract:
... Seasonal effects of waterfowl (Fulica atra and Anas platyrhynchos) grazing on submerged macrophytes (Ruppia cirrhosa and Potamogeton pectinatus) and the mediating role of flowers on plant consumption were evaluated by exclusion cages and tethering experiments deployed in a Mediterranean lagoon throughout the annual cycle. Despite the low waterfowl abundance recorded in summer, exclusion-cage exper ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.09.006

39. The targeting of large-sized benthic macrofauna by an invasive portunid predator: evidence from a caging study

Author:
Michael Townsend; Andrew M. Lohrer; Ivan F. Rodil; Luca D. Chiaroni
Source:
Biological invasions 2015 v.17 no.1 pp. 231-244
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Atrina; Charybdis; adults; bioturbation; breeding; cages; community structure; crabs; ecosystems; fauna; sediments; stomach; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The Portunid crab Charybdis japonica was first found in Waitemata Harbour, New Zealand, in 2000. It has established breeding populations and has been spreading, yet information on its dietary preferences in New Zealand are unknown. We conducted field caging experiments to elucidate prey choices and potential impacts of Charybdis on benthic communities. We tested the hypothesis that Charybdis would ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-014-0722-1

40. Wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems

Author:
Lovera Rosario; Fernández M. Soledad; Cavia Regino
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2015 v.202 pp. 251-259
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
Calomys; Cavia; Didelphis albiventris; Mus musculus; Oligoryzomys; Rattus norvegicus; cages; community structure; dairy farming; disease transmission; financial economics; food storage; habitats; humans; indigenous species; livestock and meat industry; milk; opossums; pest control; pests; poisoning; production technology; rodenticides; rodents; sheds; small mammals; swine; swine production; traps; Argentina
Abstract:
... Some rodent species are considered important pests around the world because they cause economic losses and sanitary problems. Although rodents are found in many different environments, they select habitat patches where resources are available. There is scant information regarding community composition and habitat distribution of small mammals in dairy and pig production systems. The aim of this re ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.003

41. Bacterial community composition of sediments from a milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskål farm

Author:
Sheila Mae S Santander – de Leon; Wolfgang Reichardt; Shielameh Peralta‐Milan; Maria Lourdes San Diego‐McGlone; Sharon Nonato Nuñal; Hongyi Wei; Takeshi Yoshikawa; Suguru Okunishi; Hiroto Maeda
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.8 pp. 2569-2581
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Bacteroidetes; Chanos chanos; anaerobic conditions; bacterial communities; cages; community structure; delta-Proteobacteria; denitrifying bacteria; farms; fish; fish culture; fish feeds; gel electrophoresis; redox potential; sediments; sulfate-reducing bacteria; Philippine Sea
Abstract:
... Bacterial communities in sediments underneath milkfish cages and adjacent off‐cage areas in Bolinao, Lingayen Gulf, West Philippine Sea were characterized using PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess influence of the fish farming to the sediments. The sediments in the fish cage (FC) area showed anoxic conditions [redox potential of −165 to −213 mV and acid‐volatile sulphide‐sulphur ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12705

42. Effect of large predators on the fouling assemblage of a Patagonian harbour (Argentina, SW Atlantic)

Author:
Alicia Rico; Roxana Peralta; Juan López-Gappa
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2016 v.763 no.1 pp. 183-192
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
biomass production; cages; community structure; fouling; herbivores; interspecific variation; marine ecosystems; predation; predators; primary productivity; species diversity; Argentina
Abstract:
... Predatory control of community structure, through consumption of herbivores and subsequent positive effects on the biomass or productivity of primary producers is common in marine ecosystems. We designed an experiment to analyse the effect of large-sized predators on the development of the macrofouling assemblage of a harbour. Predation was manipulated by randomly assigning artificial substrata to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-015-2372-4

43. Effects of fish predation on Posidonia oceanica amphipod assemblages

Author:
N. Sturaro; S. Gobert; A. Pérez-Perera; S. Caut; P. Panzalis; A. Navone; G. Lepoint
Source:
Marine biology 2016 v.163 no.3 pp. 58
ISSN:
0025-3162
Subject:
Caprella; Posidonia oceanica; biomass; cages; community structure; meadows; predation; predatory fish
Abstract:
... Amphipod assemblages that inhabit Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows are potentially relevant trophic resources for ichthyofauna. However, the effects of fish predation on amphipod assemblages in this system have received little attention. To address this gap in knowledge, experimental manipulations of predation intensity (exclusion and inclusion cages) were conducted at two sites in a Mediterran ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00227-016-2830-1

44. Experimental parasite community ecology: intraspecific variation in a large tapeworm affects community assembly

Author:
Daniel P. Benesh; Martin Kalbe
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2016 v.85 no.4 pp. 1004-1013
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; Trematoda; cages; community structure; cross immunity; energy; field experimentation; fish; foraging; immune response; interspecific competition; intraspecific variation; lakes; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Non‐random species associations occur in naturally sampled parasite communities. The processes resulting in predictable community structure (e.g. particular host behaviours, cross‐immunity, interspecific competition) could be affected by traits that vary within a parasite species, like growth or antigenicity. We experimentally infected three‐spined sticklebacks with a large tapeworm (Schistocephal ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12527

45. How mammalian predation contributes to tropical tree community structure

Author:
C. E. Timothy Paine; Harald Beck; John Terborgh
Source:
Ecology 2016 v.97 no.12 pp. 3326-3336
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
cages; community structure; forest trees; granivores; mammals; predation; rain forests; seedlings; seeds; species diversity; species recruitment; tropical forests
Abstract:
... The recruitment of seedlings from seeds is the key demographic transition for rain forest trees. Though tropical forest mammals are known to consume many seeds, their effects on tree community structure remain little known. To evaluate their effects, we monitored 8,000 seeds of 24 tree species using exclosure cages that were selectively permeable to three size classes of mammals for up to 4.4 year ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecy.1586

46. Nutrient enrichment overwhelms top-down control in algal communities around cormorant colonies

Author:
Karine Gagnon; Joakim Sjöroos; Juho Yli-Rosti; Marjo Stark; Eva Rothäusler; Veijo Jormalainen
Source:
Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2016 v.476 pp. 31-40
ISSN:
0022-0981
Subject:
Fucus vesiculosus; Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis; algae; biodiversity; cages; community structure; fish; fish communities; grazing intensity; herbivores; islands; piscivores; population growth; predation; reproduction; runoff; seabirds; trophic levels; Baltic Sea
Abstract:
... Expanding populations of the piscivorous seabird Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in the Baltic Sea can have both bottom-up and top-down effects on lower trophic levels: nutrient runoff (bottom-up) from colonies increases algal growth, while predation on fish (top-down) can lead to decreased fish populations around colonies, potentially causing a trophic cascade and higher grazing pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jembe.2015.12.007

47. Size matters: experimental partitioning of the strength of fish herbivory on a fringing coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia

Author:
Peggy Fong; Nicholas M. Frazier; Cameron Tompkins‐Cook; Ranjan Muthukrishnan; Caitlin R. Fong
Source:
Marine ecology 2016 v.37 no.5 pp. 933-942
ISSN:
0173-9565
Subject:
Dictyota; Galaxaura; Halimeda opuntia; Moorea; Padina; cages; community structure; coral reefs; food webs; herbivorous fish; macroalgae; French Polynesia
Abstract:
... While the importance of top‐down control by grazers in maintaining tropical reef community structure is well known, the effect of ‘fishing down the food web’, which simultaneously changes the abundance and size of herbivorous fishes, has received less attention. As many fishing practices target the biggest fish and regulations often set minimum size limits, understanding size‐dependency of this co ...
DOI:
10.1111/maec.12298

48. Symbionts modify interactions between insects and natural enemies in the field

Author:
Jan Hrček; Ailsa H. C. McLean; H. Charles J. Godfray
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2016 v.85 no.6 pp. 1605-1612
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Acyrthosiphon pisum; cages; community structure; eukaryotic cells; food webs; fungi; hosts; insects; meadows; microsymbionts; mortality; mutualism; natural enemies; parasitoids; pathogens; reproduction
Abstract:
... Eukaryotes commonly host communities of heritable symbiotic bacteria, many of which are not essential for their hosts' survival and reproduction. There is laboratory evidence that these facultative symbionts can provide useful adaptations, such as increased resistance to natural enemies. However, we do not know how symbionts affect host fitness when the latter are subject to attack by a natural su ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12586
PubMed:
27561159
PubMed Central:
PMC5082498

49. Estimating the impact of consumers in ecological communities: Manual removals identify the complex role of individual consumers in the Gulf of Maine

Author:
Scott L. Morello; Ron J. Etter
Source:
Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2017 v.495 pp. 89-102
ISSN:
0022-0981
Subject:
Cirripedia; Gastropoda; Markov chain; Mytilus edulis; Ralfsia; Tautogolabrus adspersus; autumn; birds; cages; carnivores; community structure; environmental factors; hydrodynamics; littoral zone; models; mortality; mussels; predation; species diversity; spring; summer; winter; Gulf of Maine
Abstract:
... In intertidal communities, consumers (especially carnivorous gastropods) have historically been thought to exert strong top-down control on community composition by regulating competitively dominant mussels and barnacles. This paradigm was formulated based on wire mesh cage exclusion experiments, which have well-known artifacts such as altering hydrodynamics and excluding non-target, but potential ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jembe.2017.06.005

50. Housing influences tissue cytokine levels and the fecal bacterial community structure in rats

Author:
Padmaja Shastri; Judy Green; Fernando Matias; Martin L. Kalmokoff; Julia M. Green-Johnson; Stephen P.J. Brooks
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2017 v.39 pp. 306-311
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
Bacteroidetes; Erysipelotrichaceae; Lactobacillaceae; acetic acid; bacterial communities; blood serum; cages; community structure; dietary fiber; enzymes; feces; females; fiber content; food intake; hardwood; interleukin-4; liver; lymph nodes; mucosal immunity; phylotype; rats; spleen; weight gain
Abstract:
... Immune measures and the fecal bacterial community were examined in female Biobreeding rats housed in wire bottom cages (wire) or in solid bottom cages containing hardwood chips (bedding). Housing did not affect food intake, weight gain, fecal output or fibre content, serum liver enzymes, or spleen and mesenteric lymph node immune cell populations. Bedding-housed rat feces were enriched in phylotyp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.021
PubMed:
32362938
PubMed Central:
PMC7185516