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1. Using bumblebees in cages as pollinators for small seed plots

Author:
Pedersen, M.W.; Bohart, G.E.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1950 v.42 no.10 pp. 523
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
apiculture; protected cultivation; pollinators; Medicago sativa; Bombus; nesting; cages
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1950.00021962004200100016x

2. A Study of the flights habits of the european chafer

Author:
EVANS, WILLIAM G.; GYRISCO, GEORGE G.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1959 v.2 no.1 pp. 21-26
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Rhizotrogus majalis; adults; cages; females; flight; larvae; longevity; males; soil habitats; trees
Abstract:
... By using a large cage in the field and a system of marking, the flight activities of 36 females and 49 males of the European chafer were followed during June and July, 1954. It was found that the beetles made one to 11 flights during their life span with males averaging five flights and females 4.5. More males made eight to 11 flights than did females, and males made more flights on consecutive ev ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1959.tb02093.x

3. Laboratory experiments on certain aspects of the feeding of young adult eurygaster integriceps put. (hemiptera, scutelleridae) in iran

Author:
BROWN, E.S.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1962 v.5 no.1 pp. 1-13
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Alhagi maurorum; Eurygaster integriceps; body weight; cages; diet; insects; laboratory experimentation; lipid content; mortality; wheat; young adults; Iran
Abstract:
... Experiments are described in which young adult Eurygaster integriceps were kept in cages on various diets including dry wheat ears, ears in the stage of “milky ripeness”, green camel-thorn (Alhagi camelorum) and water in various combinations. The sufficiency of the various diets was compared by estimating the mortality, change in live weight and final fat content of the insects, and by the extent ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1962.tb00560.x

4. Effects of Isolation of Laboratory Mice (Mus Musculus) at Room Temperature on their Subsequent Resistance to Low Temperatures

Author:
W. Prychodko
Source:
Ecology 1964 v.45 no.2 pp. 387-391
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Mus musculus; ambient temperature; cages; cold; females; heat production; males; mice; nesting
Abstract:
... The effect of isolation at 25°C for 2 weeks on subsequent resistance to low temperature has been studied in DBA/2Sp, MAf/Sp, and MA/MySp mice. Results show that in all cases the survival of these animals at 4° and —3°C increases markedly, as compared with corresponding controls which were kept 10 to 16 to a cage before being exposed to low temperature. Young males, averaging 8.6 weeks old, showed ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933857

5. Light Intensity and Herb Growth in White Oak Forests

Author:
Archie Reid
Source:
Ecology 1964 v.45 no.2 pp. 396-398
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Aralia; Desmodium; Parthenocissus vitacea; Quercus alba; aluminum; cages; canopy; forests; light intensity; understory; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Three herbaceous species prevalent in the oak forest of southern Wisconsin, Aralia nudicaulis, Parthenocissus vitacea, and Desmodium glutinosum, were studied to determine the effect of light on canopy height. In all three species canopy height responded to changes in light intensity either as reduced by the use of aluminum cages or as increased by clipping the surroundings vegetation. Light is app ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933859

6. On the orientation of houseflies to various surfaces

Author:
AREVAD, K.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1965 v.8 no.3 pp. 175-188
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Musca domestica; bags; cages; concrete; jute; materials testing; straw; tiles; wood
Abstract:
... The attraction of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) to surfaces was investigated by repeated counting of flies on samples of materials. The materials tested were mainly such as ordinarily occur in stables. The observations were made partly in a big cage in the laboratory and partly in a stable. The mechanism of attraction to some surfaces was analyzed by counting the number of flies arriving per tim ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1965.tb00852.x

7. Social Stimulation and the Survival of Mice Under Prolonged Water Deprivation

Author:
Robert H. Ressler; William D. Haasch
Source:
Ecology 1965 v.46 no.5 pp. 734-735
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
cages; hybrids; males; mice; water deprivation
Abstract:
... Pairs of male, hybrid mice sharing a .03 ml daily water ration lost significantly less weight and survived significantly longer if permitted physical contact in the cage than if separated by a wire screen. Physical contact prolonged survival even when the analysis was restricted to the possible victims of cannibalization. Although allowed to consume the full water ration on each day, additional mi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935015

8. Cnemidocoptic Mite Infestations in Wild Birds

Author:
KIRMSE PETER
Source:
Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 1966 v.2 no.4 pp. 86-99
ISSN:
0098-373X
Subject:
Agelaius; Knemidokoptes; Molothrus ater; Myiarchus crinitus; Poecile atricapillus; Quiscalus; cages; chickens; copulation; females; histopathology; hosts; males; mite infestations; mites; wild birds; wildlife diseases
Abstract:
... During 1965 many wild birds were examined for the lesions of “scaly leg” disease, caused by mites of the genus Cnemidocoptes. Mite infestation was found in redwinged blackbirds (Agelaius phocnicus), common grackles (Quiscalus versicolor), cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and in two new hosts for the mite, a black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus) and a crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus). The mit ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-2.4.86

9. Aggression and Self‐Regulation of Population Size in Deermice

Author:
Michael C. Healey
Source:
Ecology 1967 v.48 no.3 pp. 377-392
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Peromyscus maniculatus; adults; aggression; animals; cages; energy; field experimentation; home range; immigration; juveniles; laboratory experimentation; males; population size; seasonal variation
Abstract:
... Sadleir (1965) proposes that seasonal changes in the survival of juvenile deermice are determined by seasonal changes in the aggressiveness of the adult population. The purpose of the study is to examine some of the consequences of Sadleir's hypothesis experimentally. Laboratory studies confirmed Sadleir's observations on seasonal changes in the aggressiveness of male deermice. Similarly, in the l ...
DOI:
10.2307/1932673

10. The Care and Management of Laboratory Hystricomorph Rodents

Author:
Barbara J. Weir
Source:
Laboratory animals 1967 v.1 no.2 pp. 95-104
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Dasyprocta leporina; animal feeding; animal handling; cages; laboratory animals; reproduction; rodents
Abstract:
... The caging, feeding and handling of four unusual laboratory hystricomorph rodents is described. These rodents are: the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger), the agouti (Dasyprocta aguti), the acouchi (Myoprocta pratti), and the African porcupine (Hystrix cristatd). The animals were kept for study of their reproduction and some details of this are given. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367767781035521

11. Effects of Chlorpromazine on Aggression in Laboratory Populations of Wild House Mice

Author:
Stephen Vessey
Source:
Ecology 1967 v.48 no.3 pp. 367-376
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Mus musculus; adrenal glands; adults; aggression; cages; chlorpromazine; diet; females; infants; males; mice; population growth; population size; reproduction; sex ratio; survival rate; thymus gland
Abstract:
... Three confined, freely growing populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus) were studies to determine possible functions of aggressive behavior in regulating population size. Effects of a tranquilizer, chlorpromazine, on aggression and population parameters were measured. In singly caged pairs of mice chlorpromazine, mixed with the food at a rate of 0.75 mg/g food, significantly increased the num ...
DOI:
10.2307/1932672

12. Host Specificity and Long Persistence of Pox Infection in the Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author:
KIRMSE PETER
Source:
Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 1967 v.3 no.1 pp. 14-20
ISSN:
0098-373X
Subject:
Avipoxvirus; Colaptes auratus; cages; host specificity; skin lesions; wildlife diseases
Abstract:
... The persistence of cutaneous lesions of avian pox virus infection in a yellow-shafted flicker (Colaptes auratus) over a period of 13 months is described. Extensive transmission experiments revealed strict host specificity for the. flicker virus. Flicker-to-flicker transmission was achieved, both by inoculation and by cage contact. All attempts to isolate the virus were unsuccessful. The diagnosis ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-3.1.14

13. THE Influence of soil moisture and some soil physical factors on the ovipositional behavior of the prairie grain wireworm, ctenicera destructor¹

Author:
DOANE, J.F.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1967 v.10 no.3-4 pp. 275-286
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Ctenicera aeripennis destructor; cages; cow manure; eggs; field capacity; fields; oviposition; pastures; soil cracks; soil water; texture; water content; wilting
Abstract:
... Soil moisture, texture, cracks and compaction all influenced the ovipositional behavior of Ctenicera destructor. In oviposition choice-chambers, most eggs were laid in soil with a range of moisture content about halfway between the field capacity and the permanent wilting percentage. In cylinders of soil, beetles usually burrowed to reach moist soil before ovipositing, but laid close to the surfac ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1967.tb02447.x

14. A System of Caging Monkeys

Author:
C. R. Coid
Source:
Laboratory animals 1967 v.1 no.1 pp. 25-30
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
alloys; aluminum; cages; laboratory animals; monkeys; trays; washing
Abstract:
... A system of caging monkeys is described in which cages, constructed of aluminium alloy, are suspended over long trays. Methods of mechanical handling and washing are described as well as a means for making the cages intercommunicating. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367767781006884

15. The Effect of Grazing by Tadpoles on the Structure of a Periphyton Community

Author:
Mike Dickman
Source:
Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1188-1190
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Chlorophyta; algae; cages; eggs; epiphytes; frogs; grazing; lakes; periphyton; species diversity; spring; tadpoles
Abstract:
... The species composition and standing crop of the algal epiphytes on the walls of experimental cages in a small lake were greatly altered following the emergence of frog tadpoles from eggs laid in the cages. The results support the hypothesis that tadpoles may be a major cause of the massive spring reduction in standing crop of filamentous green algae in the lake. ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934511

16. Effect of a Filter Cover on Temperature and Humidity in a Mouse Cage

Author:
M. L. Simmons; D. M. Robie; J. B. Jones; L. J. Serrano
Source:
Laboratory animals 1968 v.2 no.2 pp. 113-120
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
adults; ambient temperature; cages; females; heat; laboratory animals; mice; relative humidity
Abstract:
... To determine how a filter cap affects the heat and moisture build-up in a mouse cage, and how that build-up is affected by ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity, 50 adult female mice were housed 10 per cage in polycarbonate cages, which were covered with a fibrous filter and sealed with a neoprene gasket and hold-down rod. The cages were placed in a chamber which controlled ambie ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367768781082852

17. An Experimental Investigation of Habitat Selection and Water Loss in Some Anoline Lizards

Author:
Owen J. Sexton; Harold Heatwole
Source:
Ecology 1968 v.49 no.4 pp. 762-767
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Anolis limifrons; cages; canopy; grasslands; habitat preferences; lizards; water content
Abstract:
... The distribution of a forest—dwelling, iguanid lizard, Anolis limifrons, relative to overhead structure was studied in a screened cage with simulated canopy. The lizards did not distribute themselves within the cage relative to overhead configuration per se but to some secondary factor. Simultaneous measurements of water loss and activity were made on aA. limifrons and compared with those made on ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935543

18. A Method for Calculating the Area of Breeding and Growing Accommodation Required for a Given Output of Small Laboratory Animals

Author:
Michael Festing; John Bleby
Source:
Laboratory animals 1968 v.2 no.2 pp. 121-130
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
animal age; breeding; cages; laboratory animals; stocking rate; supply balance
Abstract:
... A method is given for the calculation of the area of animal accommodation needed to produce a given output of small laboratory animals. This method depends on determining the number of cages needed according to productivity, the age of animals at time of use, the proportion of animals not suitable for use, and the stocking density of the growing stock for the output needed. The area needed to hold ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367768781082933

19. Breeding and handling small wild rodents: a method study

Author:
Margaret E. Wallace; Christine A. Hudson
Source:
Laboratory animals 1969 v.3 no.2 pp. 107-117
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
restraint of animals; wild animals; cages; rodents
Abstract:
... Breeding, handling and cleaning methods for wild house mice (Mus musculus) are described. In the absence of measures of efficiency in the literature for wild rodents in general, measures of breeding performance and of time needed for handling and cleaning are proposed; figures for these measures are given for the cage, chute and methods here described in reference to wild mice. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367769781071763

20. Breeding the chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) in monogamous pairs

Author:
George Porter; Alma Lacey
Source:
Laboratory animals 1969 v.3 no.1 pp. 65-68
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Chinese hamsters; cages
Abstract:
... A simple method for the selection of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) that will breed in monogamous pairs is discussed. The establishment of a small colony of non-aggressive Chinese hamsters that reproduce satisfactorily in conventional cages under normal animal-house conditions is described. The method of management and the frequent handling of the animals have contributed to the successful ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367769781071943

21. Morphological Changes in Swine Associated with Environmental Temperature

Author:
Morris E. Weaver; Douglas L. Ingram
Source:
Ecology 1969 v.50 no.4 pp. 710-713
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
ambient temperature; appendages; body weight; cages; cold zones; ears; surface area; swine; tail
Abstract:
... Ten animals from two litters of English large white pigs were weaned at 12—15 days of age and placed one per cage within constant—temperature rooms. In the first group, a comparison was made between three animals raised at 5°C and their littermates raised at 35°C. There were marked differences in appearance and in gross morphology. Those from the cold environment had more hair, were shorter and mo ...
DOI:
10.2307/1936264

22. Mortality of Transplanted Saguaro Seedlings

Author:
Raymond M. Turner; Stanley M. Alcorn; George Olin
Source:
Ecology 1969 v.50 no.5 pp. 835-844
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Carnegiea gigantea; Lagomorpha; browsing; cages; herbivores; mortality; planting; rabbits; rodents; seedlings; Arizona
Abstract:
... Only 26 of an original 800 5—cm—tall saguaros (Carnegiea gigantea) survived for 3 months when accessible to the rodents and rabbits at Saguaro National Monument, Arizona; after 1 year all of these small plants were gone. Although losses among a group of larger (15—cm—tall) seedlings were less abrupt, only one plant of an original 120 remained by the end of a year. When protected from these herbivo ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933697

23. Penetration of Coniferous Trees by DDT

Author:
Ivan N. McDaniel
Source:
Ecology 1969 v.50 no.5 pp. 909-910
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Culicidae; DDT (pesticide); cages; conifers; insects; mortality; tissues; wood
Abstract:
... Cages of wooden framing have in some cases caused mortality of mosquitoes in our laboratory. Analytical tests have indicated the presence of DDT in the wood. It is suggested that DDT may penetrate conifers and become stored in the woody tissues. Even very low concentrations of DDT in wood could cause problems when used in cages to hold insects that are highly sensitive to this compound. ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933708

24. Contributions to the ecology of bracken (pteridium aquilinum): vii. bracken and litter. 3. the cycle of change

Author:
A. S. WATT
Source:
new phytologist 1970 v.69 no.2 pp. 431-449
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Pteridium aquilinum; burning; cages; developmental stages; ecology; extinction; fronds; frost; rain; shoots; spring; thatch
Abstract:
... The variation in height and density of the fronds in the hinterland of area D is confirmed as stages in the development of bracken from the pioneer to the mature phase. Factors affecting its rate are winter and spring frost and rainfall. In the absence of interference there would appear to be no degenerate phase such as has been described as part of a natural cycle of change in the hinterland of a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb02442.x

25. Daily patterns of feeding and excretion in rats confined to metabolism cages : strain and age differences

Author:
D. Bellamy; P. A. Lamming; A. Stevenson
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.2 pp. 215-225
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
cages; calcium; drinking; excretion; feces; intestines; laboratory animals; magnesium; metabolism; potassium; rats; sodium; urine
Abstract:
... Data are presented on the daily feeding and excretion patterns of Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar/Sprague-Dawley hybrid rats confined to metabolism cages. All strains were characterized by the formation of a grossly hypertonic urine which contained high concentrations of both sodium and potassium. Daily concentration rhythms were found in urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, but the ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781071572
PubMed:
5527827

26. Dominance Relations of Red and Grey Squirrels

Author:
Ralph Ackerman; Peter D. Weigl
Source:
Ecology 1970 v.51 no.2 pp. 332-334
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Sciurus carolinensis; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; aggression; cages; coniferous forests; nest boxes; squirrels; territoriality
Abstract:
... The relationship between captive red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) was studied by comparing the behavior or mixed pairs and conspecific pairs in a large outdoor cage containing one primary nest box above ground and another exposed on the ground surface. While red squirrels always shared the nest box with conspecifics, grey squirrels never did so. Whe ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933674

27. A Predator‐Prey System in the Marine Intertidal Region. I. Balanus glandula and Several Predatory Species of Thais

Author:
Joseph H. Connell
Source:
Ecological monographs 1970 v.40 no.1 pp. 49-78
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Balanus; Chthamalus; adults; autumn; breeding; cages; food availability; larvae; littoral zone; mortality; predation; predator-prey relationships; predators; snails; summer; Scotland; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... On San Juan Island, Washington, three species of intertidal barnacles (Balanus glandula, Balanus cariosus and Chthamalus fissus) are the main prey of several species of predators, the commonest being three species of snails, Thais emarginata, Thais canaliculata and Thais lamellosa. Larvae of B. glandula settle throughout the intertidal zone but, except in quiet bays, survive to maturity only in a ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942441

28. Susceptibility of caesarian-derived rats to natural infection with chronic respiratory disease

Author:
Deirdre P. Bell; Sylvia M. Wheeler
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 45-53
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
cages; laboratory animals; long term experiments; rats; respiratory tract diseases; risk
Abstract:
... Young caesarian-derived rats, sharing cages with conventional rats, developed chronic respiratory disease after 2 months if the conventional rats were young, and after 1 month if they were old. Old caesarian-derived rats developed the disease after only 2 weeks of exposure, irrespective of the age of the cage mate. In long-term experiments, caesarian-derived rats acquired chronic respiratory disea ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036535
PubMed:
5527819

29. A breeding cage for cats

Author:
O. F. Jackson; Patricia P. Scott
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 135-137
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
breeding; cages; kittens; laboratory animals; rearing; scientific illustration
Abstract:
... A 3-cage mobile unit for littering and rearing kittens is described and illustrated. It is light, easily handled and serviced, provides ready access to the kittens and a comfortable environment for both mother and young, while reducing opportunities for the spread of infection from one litter to another. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036634
PubMed:
5527813

30. A mobile shelving unit for laboratory animal cages

Author:
C. R. Coid
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.2 pp. 191-196
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
aluminum; cages; laboratory animals; manufacturing; nylon; steel
Abstract:
... The rack is 73 in high x 36 in wide x 27 in deep overall (185 x 90 x 70 cm). It is constructed in 2 sections, of approximately equal size, from steel tubing coated with nylon after manufacture. The shelves, which may be located easily in different positions, are made from aluminium sheeting. This type of free-standing unit provides a very satisfactory degree of the adaptability which is frequently ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781071626
PubMed:
5005921

31. A simplified metabolism cage and tail cup for young rats

Author:
D. L. Frape; J. Wilkinson; L. G. Chubb
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 67-73
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
adults; cages; coprophagy; dietary protein; feces; females; laboratory animals; males; metabolism; rats; tail; urine
Abstract:
... A description is given of an inexpensive metabolism cage, in which powdered diets can be fed without measurable loss. Coprophagy is completely eliminated in rats fitted with a new design of tail cup, and in this way total collections of faeces and urine are readily achieved. Cups of a similar design have been fitted both to young male and to adult female rats, and use over periods of several weeks ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036517
PubMed:
5535886

32. A ventilation barrier to the spread of infection in laboratory animal colonies

Author:
W. Lane-Petter
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 125-134
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
air; cages; dust; etiology; laboratory animals; microorganisms; rats; respiratory system; respiratory tract diseases
Abstract:
... Airborne dust particles are an important vehicle for potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, which may thus spread from cage to cage. The dust itself may also be irritant to the respiratory tract, and produce a condition favouring the establishment of respiratory disease. A method has been devised of ventilating each cage in an animal room with a constant stream of air that is virtually free of pa ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036490
PubMed:
5527812

33. Canary Pox in Sparrows and Canaries (Fringillidae) and in Weavers (Ploceidae); Pathology and Host Specificity of the Virus

Author:
W. E. Giddens; L. J. Swango; J. D. Henderson; R. A. Lewis; D. S. Farner; A. Carlos; W. C. Dolowy
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.8 no.3 pp. 260-280
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Fringillidae; Passer domesticus; Ploceidae; Zonotrichia atricapilla; animal pathology; beak; cages; canaries; chickens; cytoplasmic inclusions; dermatitis; epithelial cells; eyes; host specificity; mortality; peritonitis; pigeons; pleurisy; pneumonia; rhinitis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); turkeys; viruses
Abstract:
... An epornitie of canary pox occurred in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli), golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus), which had been caught in the wild and were being studied in laboratories. Of 900 exposed birds, 100 died naturally with the disease and 200 with clinical signs, and their 600 cage mates were killed. The earliest ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098587100800308

34. Competition Between Two Chipmunk Species (Eutamias)

Author:
David H. Sheppard
Source:
Ecology 1971 v.52 no.2 pp. 320-329
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Tamias minimus; aggression; avoidance behavior; cages; food availability; food consumption; foods; forests; mountains; niches; trapping; Alberta
Abstract:
... Two chipmunk species were studied in the mountains of western Alberta from 1961 to 1965. One species, Eutamias minimus, is largely confined to alpine habitat but also ranges into subalpine forest, where its distribution narrowly overlaps that of E. amoenus. The fundamental niches of the two species, estimated from their habitat distributions elsewhere, are both reduced in western Alberta. Mark and ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934591

35. Field and cage tests with polyhedrosis viruses for control of the cabbage looper

Author:
Vail, P.V.; Whitaker, T.; Toba, H.; Kishaba, A.N.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 1971 v.64 no.5 pp. 1132-1136
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Trichoplusia ni; testing; naled; Brassicaceae; insect control; cages; biological control; California
Abstract:
... A nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) that has virions singly occluded in the polyhedral matrix; a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), that has virions grouped in bundles in the polyhedral matrix; and a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from the cabbage looper were tested in the field and in field cages a ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/64.5.1132

36. Urine marking of cages and visual isolation as possible sources of error in behavioural studies of small mammals

Author:
Anne I. Dagg; W. L. Bell; D. E. Windsor
Source:
Laboratory animals 1971 v.5 no.2 pp. 163-167
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Meriones; Mesocricetus auratus; Microtus pennsylvanicus; Mus musculus; Peromyscus; Tamias striatus; Zapus hudsonius; adults; cages; gerbils; hamsters; laboratory animals; mice; nests; small mammals; urine; voles
Abstract:
... Chipmunks (Tamias striatus), jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius), voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculalus), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), house mice (Mus musculus) and gerbils (Meriones unguiculalus) were individually confined in dark cages. A corner of each cage had been marked with dried urine. Animals tended (311 of 461 tests) to urinate in the marked corner. Animals di ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367771781006456

37. Effects of Size‐Selective Predation and Food Competition on High Altitude Zooplankton Communities

Author:
W. Gary Sprules
Source:
Ecology 1972 v.53 no.3 pp. 375-386
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Ambystoma tigrinum; Chaoborus; Copepoda; Daphnia longispina; Daphnia pulex; adults; altitude; cages; herbivores; indigenous species; laboratory experimentation; larvae; ponds; predation; predators; salamanders and newts; shrimp; summer; winter; zooplankton; Colorado
Abstract:
... Two distinct communities exist in a series of small subalpine ponds on Galena Mountain, Colorado, at 3,400 m. In the deep ponds, two predators, the culicid larva Chaoborus and the axolotl Ambystoma tigrinum, coexist with two small herbivores, the copepod Diaptomus coloradensis and the cladoceran Daphnia rosea. In the shallow ponds the predatory salamander (Ambystoma tigirinum) coexists with three ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934223

38. The management of a small colony of the marsupial Potorous tridactylus, and a record of its breeding in captivity

Author:
P. C. Bates; T. R. L. Bigger; E. V. Hulse; A. Palmer
Source:
Laboratory animals 1972 v.6 no.3 pp. 301-313
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Metatheria; adults; breeding; cages; captive animals; cytogenetics; females; laboratory animals; males; rearing; Tasmania
Abstract:
... 12 Potorous tridactylus were imported from Tasmania and the colony derived from them has been maintained for over 4 years. 4 of the 7 imported females reared young, and animals from this and the next (i.e. second) generation animals have also bred. A total of 38 young have been reared. The 3rd generation is still too young to breed. The young become fertile at 8-11 months and reproductive life can ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367772781006059

39. A simple and inexpensive methodology for the care and maintenance of experimental laboratory frogs

Author:
J. E. Bardsley; R. Harmsen
Source:
Laboratory animals 1972 v.6 no.1 pp. 95-104
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Amphibia; adults; blood sampling; cages; frogs; laboratory animals; larvae; mortality; tanks
Abstract:
... The construction of a flow-through system of compartmentalized cages for frogs is described. These cages utilize readily accessible and relatively inexpensive materials, and can be built with ease. They are suitable for use in any laboratory with a table top abutting on a sink, and are adaptable. Also described are techniques for the year-round retention of large numbers of frogs using large holdi ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367772781082767

40. Alopecia in rats housed in groups

Author:
Joyce L. Beare-Rogers; J. E. McGowan
Source:
Laboratory animals 1973 v.7 no.3 pp. 237-238
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
alopecia; cages; experimental diets; laboratory animals; males; rats
Abstract:
... Young male rats fed experimental diets containing 20% by weight of fat developed alopecia when housed in groups, but not in individual cages. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367773780944058

41. Another hystricomorph rodent: keeping casiragua (Proechimys guairae) in captivity

Author:
Barbara J. Weir
Source:
Laboratory animals 1973 v.7 no.2 pp. 125-134
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Proechimys; animal feeding; animal handling; cages; captive animals; laboratory animals; reproduction; rodents
Abstract:
... Caging, feeding and handling are described. The animals were obtained for study of their reproduction and details of this are given. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367773781008687

42. THE Climate within a large aphid-proof field cage

Author:
WOODFORD, J.A.T.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1973 v. no. pp. 313-321
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Myzus persicae; air flow; cages; climate; heat sums; humidity; light intensity; polyethylene terephthalates; solar radiation; temperature
Abstract:
... A description is given of a large field cage (3.7 m × 3.7 m × 1.8 m high) with a covering of white terylene voile (mesh size 200μ) fine enough to prevent the escape of alate Myzus persicae. The most substantial effects of the cage were on air movement which was reduced by over 85%, and light intensity which was decreased by as much as 58%. Smaller reductions in light intensity (36%-55%) were recor ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1973.tb00280.x

43. Mortality Factors Affecting Cotton Insects: I. Resistance of Smooth and Nectariless Characters in Acala Cottons to Heliothis zea, Pectinophora gossypiella, and Trichoplusia ni

Author:
D. D. Davis; J. J. Ellington; J. C. Brown
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1973 v.2 no.4 pp. 530-535
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis; Pectinophora gossypiella; Trichoplusia ni; breeding; cages; cotton; eggs; environmental factors; host plants; insect resistance; insecticides; mortality; moths; oviposition; yields
Abstract:
... Host plant resistance to insects has become a major breeding objective in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), since significant increases in resistance may result simultaneously in yield increases and reduced usage of insecticides. Nectariless ‘Acala’ cotton strains with reduced pubescence are being developed in an attempt to gain significant host plant resistance against harmful Lepidoptera. Extensiv ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1973.00472425000200040030x

44. Viable Hybrid Young From Crossmated Periodical Cicadas

Author:
Jo Ann White
Source:
Ecology 1973 v.54 no.3 pp. 573-580
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Magicicada septendecim; cages; eggs; habitat preferences; hybrids
Abstract:
... Three species of periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim, M. cassini, and M. septendecula appear to remain distinct in nature by a strong prezygotic behaviorial isolating mechanism involving habitat preferences and song differences. Two of the species will cross—mate, however, when confined in a small cage. It was shown experimentally that the eggs resulting from such cross—matings hatch into v ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935342

45. The effect of the number of animals per cage on the growth of the rat

Author:
P. C. R. Hughes; M. Nowak
Source:
Laboratory animals 1973 v.7 no.3 pp. 293-296
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
cages; females; laboratory animals; males; rats; rearing; weaning
Abstract:
... Animals were bred and reared normally, but at weaning were distributed either singly, in pairs, or 4 to a cage. Measurements of length and weight were made during the growth period. In females there were no differences between the caging regimes, but males kept 4 to a cage were significantly smaller than those kept 2 to a cage or singly. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367773780944085

46. Effects of temperature on egg-chamber development in the onion fly, hylemya antiqua (diptera: anthomyidae)

Author:
THEUNISSEN, J.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1974 pp. 355-366
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Delia antiqua; cages; egg production; eggs; light intensity; mortality; ovarioles; temperature
Abstract:
... Young onion flies were placed in cages at four temperatures, 15°, 18°, 21° and 24°. Every 2 days the development of the egg chambers in the ovarioles, mating, egg production and mortality were scored. Influence of the temperature on the speed of egg-chamber development was very distinct. There was a high positive correlation between the development of the first and the second egg chamber. At 24° a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1974.tb00353.x

47. Polychaete Abundance Patterns in a Marine Soft‐Sediment Environment: The Importance of Biological Interactions

Author:
Sarah Ann Woodin
Source:
Ecological monographs 1974 v.44 no.2 pp. 171-187
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Polychaeta; adults; algae; cages; cleaning; fauna; intraspecific competition; juveniles; larvae; mortality; oxygen; salinity; screening; sediments; spawning; species abundance; temperature; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Samples of infauna and measurements of temperature, oxygen, salinity, and algal cover were taken from January 1969 to December 1970 at —1.2—ft tidal elevation in a mud flat dominated by polychaetes in Mitchell Bay, San Juan Island, Washington. Mortality of adults after spawning and variable larval settlement success probably explained much of the variation in population numbers of the four large a ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942310

48. Some factors affecting protein feeding and egg development in the australian bushfly musca vetustissima

Author:
JONES, R.E.; WALKER, J.M.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1974 v. no. pp. 117-125
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Musca vetustissima; cages; eggs; environmental factors; females; larvae; sugars
Abstract:
... Bushflies emerging into a cage which has separate sources of water, sugar and protein placed on its floor, usually do not feed on the protein for about 2 days. Newly emerged flies will feed on protein, however, if brought into contact with it by response to another environmental factor, such as moving upwards or towards the light. After such feeding there is no delay in the development of eggs by ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1974.tb00325.x

49. Variety Synthesis in Alfalfa

Author:
C. C. Lowe; R. W. Cleveland; R. R. Hill
Source:
Crop science 1974 v.14 no.2 pp. 321-325
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Apis mellifera; Medicago sativa; alfalfa; cages; forage yield; hybrids; parentage; synthetic products; California; New York; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... We compared performance of conventional synthetics, double-cross synthetics, and the parental components of the double-cross synthetics in a series of field experiments of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Nine clones that had been selected for high general combinging ability were used as parents for the nine 4-clone combinations studied. Synthetics were produced by several methods of synthesis. The f ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183X001400020046x

50. Zooplankton Competition and Predation: An Experimental Test of the Size‐Efficiency Hypothesis

Author:
Stanley I. Dodson
Source:
Ecology 1974 v.55 no.3 pp. 605-613
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Copepoda; Daphnia; cages; herbivores; invertebrates; ponds; predation; predators; zooplankton; Colorado
Abstract:
... Twelve 42—liter plankton cages were used in an alpine Colorado pond to test a size—efficiency hypothesis: to determine why small herbivorous zooplankton species tend not to coexist with large species. The size—efficiency hypothesis, that large species exclude the smaller ones through competition for food, was not substantiated. An alternate hypothesis extends the understanding of the importance of ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935150