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1. The Reproductive Processes of certain Mammals.—VIII. Reproduction in Foxes (Vulpes spp.).

Author:
I. W. Rowlands and A. S. Parkes
Source:
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1935 v.105 no.4 pp. 823-841
ISSN:
0370-2774
Subject:
animal fertility; vagina; puberty; males; foxes; gestation period; captive animals; pregnancy; uterus; mutants; mating behavior; ovulation; domestication; estrus; females; breeding season; Vulpes vulpes; Scotland; England
Abstract:
... 1 An account is given of the histo‐physiology of reproduction in the British Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and in the Silver Fox, a mutant of the American Red Fox (Vulpes fulva), now kept extensively in captivity. There appears to be no obvious difference in the reproductive processes of the two species. 2 Both species have one breeding season only per year and one period of œstrus. In the silver fox th ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1935.tb06267.x

2. Age criteria for the african elephant: loxodonta a. africana

Author:
R. M. Laws
Source:
African journal of ecology 1966 v.4 no.1 pp. 1-37
ISSN:
0141-6707
Subject:
national parks; survival rate; teeth; puberty; males; seasonal growth; captive animals; jaws; Loxodonta africana; calving interval; roots; females; Uganda
Abstract:
... 1. The paper is based on a collection of 385 lower jaws of the African elephant (Loxodonta a. africana Blumenbach) from western Uganda. 2. Thirty age groups are described and illustrated, which are related to the progress of eruption and wear of the six teeth in each side of the lower jaw. 3. Correct identification of individual teeth in the series is essential and several checks are described. Th ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2028.1966.tb00878.x

3. The Ocular Disease of Young Terrapins Caused by Vitamin A Deficiency

Author:
E. Elkan; P. Zwart
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.4 no.3 pp. 201-222
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Clemmys; Graptemys; Pseudemys; animal pathology; captive animals; epithelium; eye diseases; eyelids; histopathology; kidneys; liver; metaplasia; mortality; pancreas; vitamin A; vitamin A deficiency
Abstract:
... The histopathology of a disease is described which commonly affects young terrapins of the genera Clemmys, Pseudemys, and Graptemys kept in captivity. The first signs noticed are swelling of the eyelids and refusal to feed. Investigation of 32 terrapins revealed extensive epithelial metaplasia in the ophthalmic glands and in the excretory ducts of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. The localization ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098586700400301

4. Bioenergetics of Captive Willow Ptarmigan under Natural Conditions

Author:
George C. West
Source:
Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1035-1045
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Lagopus lagopus; adults; autumn; birds; body weight; captive animals; courtship; diet; energy; energy metabolism; females; males; molting; oviposition; photoperiod; seasonal variation; spring; summer; temperature; thermoregulation; winter; Alaska
Abstract:
... Adult willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) were captured from the Brooks Range of northern Alaska and maintained in captivity out of doors under natural conditions of temperature and photoperiod similar to those prevailing in the southern part of the Brooks Range. Metabolized energy, molt, egg laying, body weight, and gross activity were recorded throughout the year. Maintenance energy did not diffe ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934488

5. Myelolipomas of the Liver in Captive Wild Felidae

Author:
Louise S. Lombard; H. M. Fortna; F. M. Garner; Gissur Brynjolfsson
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.5 no.2 pp. 127-134
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
Felidae; animal pathology; captive animals; humans; lesions (animal); liver; spleen; wild animals
Abstract:
... Myelolipomas of the liver were reported in 7 captive wild Felidae, 4 of which also had microscopic myelolipomatous lesions in the spleen. Out of approximately 25,000 animals examined, these were the only myelolipomas of the liver to be found. Previously unreported in either man or animals, myelolipomas of the liver are comparable to those in the human adrenal. ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098586800500204

6. Rabies in wild animals trapped for pelts

Author:
HENDRICKS STANLEY L.; SEATON VAUGHN A.
Source:
Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 1969 v.5 no.3 pp. 231-234
ISSN:
0098-373X
Subject:
Canis latrans; Ondatra zibethicus; antibodies; badgers; captive animals; foxes; furs and pelts; mink; opossums; rabies; skunks; wild animals; wildlife diseases; wolves
Abstract:
... The brains of 1,634 wild animals trapped for pelts were examined for rabies by the fluorescent antibody procedure. Twenty-one of 268 striped skunks and 2 of 52 spotted skunks examined were positive for rabies. Thirteen hundred twenty three animals including 7 badgers, 65 coyotes, 365 foxes, 1 weasel, 377 mink, 52 muskrats, 208 opossums, 219 racoons and 1 wolf were negative. ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.231

7. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in captive monkeys and its effect on the nervous system and the blood

Author:
C. E. Oxnard; W. Thomas Smith; I. Torres
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
blood serum; captive animals; diet; laboratory animals; monkeys; paralysis; peripheral nerves; spinal cord; vitamin B12
Abstract:
... Monkeys fed vegetarian diets develop neurological and haematological abnormalities; paralysis can occur though the neural lesions (cerebral degeneration, posterior and lateral column degeneration of the spinal cord, segmental and wallerian degeneration of the peripheral nerves) are usually not evident during life. It is clearly important that the diet given to captive animals should contain an ade ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036526

8. The vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus): improved methods of laboratory care and handling

Author:
Janet M. Dickson; D. G. Green
Source:
Laboratory animals 1970 v.4 no.1 pp. 37-44
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Desmodus; breeding; captive animals; laboratory animals; saliva
Abstract:
... A system for care and maintenance of the common vampire bat in captivity is reported, which results in easy handling and a thriving breeding colony. A method for anaesthetising bats and collecting saliva is described. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367770781036445

9. Life History and Underwater Studies of a Heterodont Shark

Author:
R. H. McLaughlin; A. K. O'Gower
Source:
Ecological monographs 1971 v.41 no.4 pp. 271-289
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Heterodontus portusjacksoni; adolescents; adults; breeding; breeding season; captive animals; caves; coasts; digestive system; eggs; females; invertebrates; juveniles; life history; males; reefs; sexual maturity; sharks; spring; water temperature; winter; New South Wales
Abstract:
... The biology of Australian reef populations of the shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni has been studied underwater with SCUBA. Additional life—history data have been obtained from catch records of adults and juveniles and from observations on captive animals. The mature breeding female H. portusjacksoni lays 10—16 eggs which are deposited in rock fissures on shallow reefs; the young emerge approximat ...
DOI:
10.2307/1948494

10. The investigation of samples containing many species: II. Sample comparison

Author:
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1971 v.3 no.1 pp. 23-56
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
birds; captive animals; data analysis; principal component analysis; sampling; theoretical models
Abstract:
... A comparison is made between a number of indices of similarity fer describing the similarities between multiple species samples, namely K, I, (1 - z), (x2/AT)1/2, r and a weighted similarity coefficient under various transformations. After discussing theoretical aspects of the indices, they are tested on two sets of data obtained by mist-netting birds. The resulting matrices are sorted by a simple ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1971.tb00171.x

11. Capture, laboratory care and breeding of elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae)

Author:
H. R. H. Tripp
Source:
Laboratory animals 1972 v.6 no.2 pp. 213-224
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Elephantulus myurus; breeding; captive animals; laboratory animals
Abstract:
... The capture, transport and laboratory maintenance of 3 species of elephant-shrew are described. These animals were kept in order to study their reproductive biology. Pregnant specimens of Elephantulus myurus gave birth in captivity, but captive breeding occurred only in the species E. intufi and Petrodromus tetradactylus. A 4th species (E. rozeti) was kept for a short period without the occurrence ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367772781006301

12. The management of a small colony of the marsupial Potorous tridactylus, and a record of its breeding in captivity

Author:
P. C. Bates; T. R. L. Bigger; E. V. Hulse; A. Palmer
Source:
Laboratory animals 1972 v.6 no.3 pp. 301-313
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Metatheria; adults; breeding; cages; captive animals; cytogenetics; females; laboratory animals; males; rearing; Tasmania
Abstract:
... 12 Potorous tridactylus were imported from Tasmania and the colony derived from them has been maintained for over 4 years. 4 of the 7 imported females reared young, and animals from this and the next (i.e. second) generation animals have also bred. A total of 38 young have been reared. The 3rd generation is still too young to breed. The young become fertile at 8-11 months and reproductive life can ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367772781006059

13. Another hystricomorph rodent: keeping casiragua (Proechimys guairae) in captivity

Author:
Barbara J. Weir
Source:
Laboratory animals 1973 v.7 no.2 pp. 125-134
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Proechimys; animal feeding; animal handling; cages; captive animals; laboratory animals; reproduction; rodents
Abstract:
... Caging, feeding and handling are described. The animals were obtained for study of their reproduction and details of this are given. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367773781008687

14. Pneumoconiosis in the Captive New Zealand Kiwi

Author:
B. L. Smith; W. S. H. Poole; D. Martinovich
Source:
Veterinary pathology v.10 no.2 pp. 94-101
ISSN:
1544-2217
Subject:
animal pathology; aviaries; beak; captive animals; dust; iron; kiwis (birds); lungs; macrophages; nose; silica; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Pneumoconiosis characterised by focal accumulations of dust-laden macrophages in the bronchial walls of lungs was found in 16 captive kiwis. The dust was shown to contain a large proportion of silica, some iron and probable plant material. The condition appears to be associated with dry, dusty aviaries. It was not seen in free-living kiwis. The characteristic food-seeking habits of the kiwi and th ...
DOI:
10.1177/030098587301000202

15. Husbandry and observation methods of a breeding colony of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) for behavioural research

Author:
Jennifer C. Ingram
Source:
Laboratory animals 1975 v.9 no.4 pp. 249-259
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Callithrix jacchus; adolescents; breeding; captive animals; child care; infants; laboratory animals; parents; young adults
Abstract:
... By allowing families to increase in size, co-operation between parents and adolescents in infant care was encouraged. Young adult pairs were subsequently created with these marmosets which had experience of handling infants to provide a stable basis for breeding 2nd and 3rd generation marmosets in captivity. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367775780957205

16. A review of 105 necropsies in captive baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Author:
J. C. S. Kim; S. S. Kalter
Source:
Laboratory animals 1975 v.9 no.3 pp. 233-239
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Clostridium; Escherichia coli; Papio cynocephalus; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas; captive animals; death; enteritis; hypoxia; laboratory animals; necropsy; neonates; pneumonia; Africa
Abstract:
... In contrast to the findings in newly caught baboons in Africa, the leading cause of death in captivity in America was a pneumonia and enteritis complex. Bacterial species such as Proteus morgani, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas paracolon, pathogenic Escherichia coli and cocci have been isolated in association with a pneumoenteric syndrome of 35 newborn baboons, including neonates. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367775780994619

17. The occurrence of ureaplasmas in marmosets

Author:
P. M. Furr; D. Taylor-Robinson; C. M. Hetherington
Source:
Laboratory animals 1976 v.10 no.4 pp. 393-398
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Callitrichidae; adults; captive animals; females; human diseases; humans; immunologic techniques; infants; laboratory animals; males; models; oropharynx; parents; serotypes
Abstract:
... Ureaplasmas were isolated from the oropharynx of all of 22 male and 19 female adult marmosets and from the genital tract of about a quarter of them. These ureaplasmas seem to be natural inhabitants of the oropharynx and not of human origin because half the animals had had very limited human contact and preliminary serological tests indicate that the organisms are not the same as the known human se ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367776780956944

18. Ecology and Resource Partitioning among Nine Species of African Rain Forest Squirrels

Author:
Louise H. Emmons
Source:
Ecological monographs 1980 v.50 no.1 pp. 31-54
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
arthropods; body size; captive animals; diet; foraging; forest trees; frugivores; fruits; habitats; hardness; omnivores; rain forests; seasonal variation; species richness; squirrels; sympatry; Arctic region; Gabon
Abstract:
... Nine species of sympatric rain forest tree squirrels were studied in the field and in captivity at Makokou, Gabon. The findings on resource partitioning among them include: (1) two species are restricted to special habitat types. The other seven which commonly co—occur in the mature rain forest formation represent a maximum of taxonomic diversity. (2) Differential use of the vertical vegetation co ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937245

19. Influence of season on birth distribution in marmosets and tamarins

Author:
H. M. Brand
Source:
Laboratory animals 1980 v.14 no.4 pp. 301-302
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Callimico goeldii; Callitrichidae; captive animals; laboratory animals
Abstract:
... The cotton-topped tamarin in captivity exhibits a seasonal influence on birth distribution, while the captive silvery marmoset, common marmoset, Goeldi's monkey and red-mantled tamarin are not significantly affected. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367780781071201

20. Zur Morphologie und Biologie von Telmatobius montanus LATASTE 1902, nebst Beschreibung seiner Larve (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)

Author:
Klaus Busse
Source:
Amphibia-reptilia 1980 v.1 no.2 pp. 113-125
ISSN:
1568-5381
Subject:
Leptodactylidae; Salmonidae; adults; algae; captive animals; detritus; frogs; habitats; insects; mouth; parasitic mites; photographs; streams; tadpoles; Andes region; Chile
Abstract:
... As only little is known about the Leptodactylid frog Telmatobius montanus from the Andean range of Santiago de Chile, it has been tried to gather more information about this species. Additional data about the external morphology and its variation are presented as well as photographs of live and preserved adults. The tadpole is also described, using both live and preserved material. The frog is mai ...
DOI:
10.1163/156853880X00114

21. Organ weight data in juvenile and adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Author:
Peter F. Wadsworth; David A. Budgett; Margaret L. Forster
Source:
Laboratory animals 1981 v.15 no.4 pp. 385-388
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Callithrix jacchus; adults; captive animals; females; juveniles; laboratory animals; males; tissue weight
Abstract:
... Organ weight data from 167 (82 male and 85 female) juvenile and adult common cotton-eared marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is presented. The marmosets were bred in captivity and were used as untreated or vehicle control animals in safety evaluation studies carried out over an 8 year period. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367781780952816

22. Reproduction of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in harems

Author:
P. J. A. Timmermans; W. G. P. Schouten; J. C. M. Krijnen
Source:
Laboratory animals 1981 v.15 no.2 pp. 119-123
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Macaca fascicularis; adults; aggression; breeding; captive animals; females; infants; laboratory animals; males; maternal behavior; monkeys; rearing
Abstract:
... Adult monkeys caught in the wild were housed in 2 harems and used for breeding during 7 successive years. Monkeys born in captivity and reared in the parental groups or in peer groups were also used for breeding. The live birth production rate amounted to 80% and reproduction was stable over the 7 year period. All but one of the females born in captivity showed normal maternal behaviour towards th ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367781780958991

23. Haematological, coagulation and blood chemistry data in red-bellied tamarins Saguinus labiatus

Author:
Peter F. Wadsworth; William A. Hiddleston; David V. Jones; John S. L. Fowler; Robert A. Ferguson
Source:
Laboratory animals 1982 v.16 no.4 pp. 327-330
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
Saguinus; alanine transaminase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate transaminase; blood chemistry; captive animals; coagulation; creatine kinase; females; hematology; juveniles; laboratory animals; males; young adults
Abstract:
... Haematology, coagulation and clinical chemistry data are reported for a group of male and female red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus). The tamarins were juvenile and young adults and were bred in captivity. High mean values for activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino-transferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were noted. The findings are compared with data obtained f ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367782780935896

24. Further observations on the potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) in captivity

Author:
Suzanne L. Ullmann; Rena Brown
Source:
Laboratory animals 1983 v.17 no.2 pp. 133-137
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
captive animals; embryogenesis; laboratory animals; progeny; reproductive performance
Abstract:
... The maintenance and breeding performance of potoroos in captivity over a 7-year period is described. By removing offspring from the pouch and allowing 29 days for completion of embryonic development and birth to occur, pouch young of known ages can be obtained. ...
DOI:
10.1258/002367783780959547

25. Conservation and Reproduction of an Endangered Species: the Broad-Headed Snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Elapidae)

Author:
Richard Shine; Mark Fitzgerald
Source:
Australian zoologist 1989 v.25 no.3 pp. 65-67
ISSN:
0067-2238
Subject:
Hoplocephalus bungaroides; captive animals; conservation status; endangered species; gardens; habitats; reproductive success; sandstone; snakes; Australia
Abstract:
... This small elapid snake is endangered because of its restriction to a specific habitat (weathered sandstone outcrops in southeastem Australia) that is under heavy pressure for commercial exploitation, especially for “bushrock” in suburban gardens. We review the conservation status of this species, suggest strategies to maintain viable populations, and report consistent success in breeding this spe ...
DOI:
10.7882/AZ.1989.002

26. Degenerative retinopathy in captive Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (L.)

Author:
NASISSE, M.P.; NOGA, E.J.; DAVIDSON, M.G.
Source:
Journal of fish diseases 1989 v.12 no.1 pp. 37-44
ISSN:
0140-7775
Subject:
Brevoortia tyrannus; blindness; captive animals; cataract; electroretinography; engorgement; hemorrhage; phototoxicity; pigments; retinal diseases; rods (retina)
Abstract:
... Blindness developed in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (L.), within 4 weeks of captivity in an indoor open culture system. Ophthalmoscopic changes indicative of retinal degeneration were substantiated by the absence of retinal electrical activity as measured by conventional electroretinography. Results of histological evaluation suggest that photo-receptor degeneration, occurring initially ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01288.x

27. Differential habitat occupancy by goldeneye ducklings (Bucephala clangula) and fish: predator avoidance or competition?

Author:
Leslie A. Beattie; Thomas D. Nudds
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 1989 v.67 no.2 pp. 475-482
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Bucephala; breeding; captive animals; ducklings; eggs; habitat preferences; habitats; models; predatory fish
Abstract:
... Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for disjunct habitat occupancy between breeding Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) ducks and fish: competition and predator avoidance. Both experimental and correlational evidence suggest that competition for food explains why goldeneyes and their broods tend to use habitats in which numbers of fish are low. However, rejection of the predator avoidan ...
DOI:
10.1139/z89-069

28. A Field Test of Risk‐Sensitive Foraging in Black‐Capped Chickadees (Parus Atricapillus)

Author:
Christopher P. L. Barkan
Source:
Ecology 1990 v.71 no.1 pp. 391-400
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Poecile atricapillus; animal models; birds; captive animals; energy expenditure; energy intake; field experimentation; food intake; foraging; prediction; variance
Abstract:
... The combination of a nonlinear functional relationship between energy intake and fitness, along with stochasticity in foraging success, has led to the development of risk—sensitive foraging models. These models are significant because they can lead to predictions different from those of the traditional deterministic models based upon a premise of simple energy intake rate maximization. The risk—se ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940276

29. Conservation Genetics: Techniques and Fundamentals

Author:
Philip W. Hedrick; Philip S. Miller
Source:
Ecological applications 1992 v.2 no.1 pp. 30-46
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
DNA fingerprinting; Equus przewalskii; breeding; captive animals; electrophoresis; endangered species; genes; genetic variation; heterozygosity; inbreeding depression; mitochondrial DNA; outbreeding; pedigree; peeling; planning; population dynamics; Guam
Abstract:
... Conservation genetics utilizes the tools and concepts of genetics and applies them to problems in conservation biology. For example, molecular genetic techniques, such as protein electrophoresis, and analysis of mitochondrial DNA and highly variable nuclear genes (including DNA fingerprinting), have been important in documenting the extent and pattern of genetic variation in endangered species. We ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941887

30. Body Size‐Prey Relationships in Insectivorous Marsupials: Tests of Three Hypotheses

Author:
D. O. Fisher; C. R. Dickman
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.6 pp. 1871-1883
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
insectivores; energy content; diet; invertebrates; energy intake; microhabitats; feces; Metatheria; captive animals; predation; foraging; Blattodea; Australia
Abstract:
... There is a strong positive correlation between the body sizes of dasyurid marsupials and the mean sizes of the invertebrate prey. This study tests three hypotheses proposed to explain this relationship, using 21 species of dasyurids (body mass range: 5–200 g) throughout continental Australia: (1) the maximum prey size that can be physically handled increases with dasyurid size due to the restricte ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939944

31. Ecological polymorphism in Arctic charr

Author:
HINDAR, KJETIL; JONSSON, BROR
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1993 v.48 no.1 pp. 63-74
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Salvelinus alpinus; adults; body size; captive animals; color; crossing; early development; habitats; morphs; parr; progeny; rearing
Abstract:
... Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), commonly exhibits two coexisting morphotypes, dwarf and normal charr, which are characterized by differences in adult body size and colouration. We tested whether or not the morphotypic differences were genetically determined in rearing experiments with offspring of the two morphs and of their crosses. The experiments suggest that this ecological polymorphism ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00877.x

32. Geographic Variation in Winter Fat of Dark‐Eyed Juncos: Displacement to a Common Environment

Author:
Christopher M. Rogers; Val Nolan; Ellen D. Ketterson
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.4 pp. 1183-1190
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Junco hyemalis; altitude; birds; captive animals; geographical variation; habitats; latitude; life history; lipids; migratory behavior; weather; winter; Indiana
Abstract:
... Main small temperature—zone birds fatten in winter and use this reserve when food becomes unavailable. The winter body mass of migratory Dark—eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) usually is greater where severe weather is more frequent, i.e., at higher latitudes or altitudes. The mechanism responsible for this geographic variation is unknown, and we asked whether geographically separated populations are c ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940488

33. Geographic variation in the carotenoid plumage pigmentation of male house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)

Author:
HILL, GEOFFREY E.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1993 v.49 no.1 pp. 63-86
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Fringillidae; aviaries; captive animals; carotenoids; color; diet; geographical variation; males; molting; pigmentation; pigments; plumage; California; Hawaii; Mexico; Michigan; New York
Abstract:
... Geographic variation in both the colour and pattern of carotenoid plumage pigmentation displayed by males in two subspecies of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis and C. m. griscom) was quantified. The extent of ventral carotenoid pigmentation (patch size) differed markedly between these two subspecies; frontalis males from the U.S. (New York, Michigan, California and Hawaii) displayed a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00685.x

34. The distribution of cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to temperature and oxygen level in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Author:
DENIS ĎAMOURS
Source:
Fisheries oceanography 1993 v.2 no.1 pp. 24-29
ISSN:
1054-6006
Subject:
Gadus morhua; captive animals; oceanography; oxygen; surveys; temperature; water; Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Abstract:
... Bottom temperature and oxygen level were measured in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence during a ground‐fish trawl survey held in August and September 1991. Cumulative relative frequencies of temperature and oxygen level and cumulative relative frequencies of temperature x cod and oxygen X cod were computed with consideration of the random stratified sampling scheme. A total of 84‐3% of temperature ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2419.1993.tb00009.x

35. Variation in reproductive parameters in the captive male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Author:
Cleva, G.M.; Stone, G.M.; Dickens, R.K.
Source:
Reproduction, fertility, and development 1994 v.6 no.6 pp. 713-719
ISSN:
1031-3613
Subject:
Phascolarctos cinereus; androgens; hormone secretion; seasonal variation; testes; volume; diurnal variation; cortisol; females; captive animals
DOI:
10.1071/RD9940713
PubMed:
7624512

36. Domestication effects on fin nipping, survival and growth in hatchery-reared arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in competition with wild conspecifics

Author:
Siikavuopio, S.I.; Baardvik, B.M.; Jobling, M.
Source:
Aquaculture research 1996 v.27 no.3 pp. 205-211
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Salvelinus alpinus; aggression; captive animals; domestication; fins; lakes; mortality; rearing; weight loss; wild fish; Norway
Abstract:
... When reared in captivity, first-generation hatchery-reared Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from Møkkeland lake, northern Norway, differed from wild-caught conspecifics from the same source. Incidence of caudal fin damage (used as an indirect assessment of aggressive interactions) was high amongst the wild-caught charr, and there was considerable mortality amongst these fish. By contrast, ha ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb00985.x

37. How many species of host-specific insects feed on a species of tropical tree

Author:
Basset, Yves; Samuelson, G.A.; Allison, A.; Miller, S.E.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1996 v.59 no.2 pp. 201-216
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Coleoptera; captive animals; fauna; flight; herbivores; host specificity; insects; species diversity; traps; trees; tropical rain forests; Papua New Guinea
Abstract:
... The assumptions on the host specificity of beetles that led Terry Erwin to suggest that there may be over 30 million arthropod species were tested for 10 species of trees and their insect associates at a rainforest site in Papua New Guinea. The data included 391 species and 4696 individuals of herbivorous beetles collected during a one year period using hand collecting, beating, branch clipping, i ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01461.x

38. Management by life cycle of wolffish, Anarhichas lupus L., a new species for cold-water aquaculture: a technical paper

Author:
Moksness, E.; Pavlov, D.A.
Source:
Aquaculture research 1996 v.27 no.11 pp. 865-883
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Anarhichas lupus; Salmonidae; aquaculture; breeding; captive animals; egg incubation; eggs; hatching; insemination; juveniles; marine fish; meat; new species; pelleted feeds; rearing; Norway; Russia
Abstract:
... Interest in the cultivation of wolffish arose in recent years due to their high-quality meat and fast growth in captivity. In wolffish, an almost juvenile organism, more than 20 mm long, hatches from the egg and can be fed dry pellets just after that. This makes the technology for wolffish breeding much simpler than for other marine fishes, even salmonids. This paper is devoted to common wolffish. ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2109.1996.00810.x

39. Development and social functions of signature whistles in bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus

Author:
PETER L. TYACK
Source:
Bioacoustics 1997 v.8 no.1-2 pp. 21-46
ISSN:
2165-0586
Subject:
Tursiops truncatus; adults; bioacoustics; calves; captive animals; dolphins; females; infants; learning; males; mothers; pressure; shape; social cohesion
Abstract:
... Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus produce individually distinctive signature whistles. Dolphins recognize the signature whistles of animals with which they share a social bond. Signature whistles develop within the first few months of life and are stable for a lifetime. Vocal learning appears to play a role in the development of signature whistles in bottlenose dolphins. The signature whistle ...
DOI:
10.1080/09524622.1997.9753352

40. Differences in sexual maturity and fall emigration between diploid and triploid brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in an Adirondack lake

Author:
J A Warrillow; D C Josephson; W D Youngs; C C Krueger
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 1997 v.54 no.8 pp. 1808-1812
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Salvelinus fontinalis; captive animals; diploidy; females; gonads; habitats; lakes; males; risk; sexual maturity; spawning; triploidy; trout; yearlings
Abstract:
... High levels of emigration coincident with maturity and spawning have been reported from brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in Adirondack lakes. These lakes typically had few spawning areas and required stocking to maintain populations. We compared diploid and triploid brook trout to identify differences in gonadal development and emigration. Age 1 + and 2 + diploid and triploid brook ...
DOI:
10.1139/f97-087

41. Early embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success, and egg-lipid fatty acid composition: comparison between two cod (Gadus morhua) stocks

Author:
J Pickova; P C Dutta; P -O Larsson; A Kiessling
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 1997 v.54 no.10 pp. 2410-2416
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Gadus morhua; arachidonic acid; captive animals; diet; docosahexaenoic acid; eggs; eicosapentaenoic acid; fatty acid composition; hatching; phospholipids; viability
Abstract:
... Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), from a brackish environment, were compared with oceanic (Skagerrak) cod in terms of early embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success, and egg-lipid fatty acid composition. The influence of diet on these variables was investigated by analysing eggs from the Baltic stock, caught during three successive years and given controlled food for 24, 7, and 2 months, respectively ...
DOI:
10.1139/f97-148

42. Growth of captive Jasus edwardsii (Hutton) (Crustacea:Palinuridae) in north-eastern New Zealand

Author:
Hooker, Simon H.; Jeffs, Andrew G.; Creese, Robert G.; Sivaguru, Kala
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 1997 v.48 no.8 pp. 903-910
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
Jasus edwardsii; captive animals; economics; lobster culture; lobsters; mortality; mussels; seawater; summer; tanks; water temperature; winter; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The relations between growth and mortality rates and water temperature are important in determining the economic success of spiny lobster aquaculture. Captive juvenile lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) were grown at a site in north-eastern New Zealand where ambient sea-water temperatures in the culture tanks ranged from 23.3°C in summer to 13.4°C in winter, with an annual mean of 17.2°C (s.d. = 2.8). The ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF97156

43. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Mycobacterium Bovis Isolates from Captive and Free-Ranging Animals

Author:
Diana L. Whipple; P. Ryan Clarke; Jerald L. Jarnagin; Janet B. Payeur
Source:
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation v.9 no.4 pp. 381-386
ISSN:
1040-6387
Subject:
restriction fragment length polymorphism; Cervus elaphus canadensis; cattle; captive animals; wild animals; Canis latrans; Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus hemionus; Montana
Abstract:
... Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. DNA extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases AluI and PvuII. DNA probes used for Southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base–pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence ...
DOI:
10.1177/104063879700900407
PubMed:
9376427

44. Breeding and husbandry of the Blind mole rat Nannospalax ehrenbergi at the Zoology Department, Tel Aviv University

Author:
I. GAZIT; A. TERKEL; J. TERKEL
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 246-255
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
breeding; breeding season; captive animals; issues and policy; mole rats; odors; soil
Abstract:
... The Blind mole rat Nunnospalax ehrenbergi is a solitary and highly aggressive fossorial mammal. Little is known about its behaviour and until recently it had not been bred in captivity. At Tel Aviv University an artificial environment was developed which closely resembled the type of tunnel system that the species would dig in the wild, The system was made up of a series of Perspex tubes (54 mm in ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02908.x

45. Breeding and rearing the Oriental white stork Ciconia buyciuna at Shanghai Zoological Gardens

Author:
H. BAOQING; C. YUNSHUANG
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 174-178
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Ciconia; breeding; captive animals; diet; eggs; rearing; zoos; China
Abstract:
... The Oriental white stork Ciconia boyciuna is classified as Endangered by IUCN (IUCN, 1996) and is of highest conservation priority in China. There are c. 2500 storks in the wild and as at 31 December 1995 there were 112.107.56 in captivity. Difficulties in establishing compatible breeding pairs has inhibited breeding in captivity. Because Oriental white storks replace eggs that are lost during the ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02900.x

46. Developing a husbandry manual to facilitate the distribution and presentation of information: with special reference to Slender loris Loris tardigradus nordicus at Ruhr University, Bochum

Author:
H. SCHULZE
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 34-48
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Internet; Lorisidae; adiposity; branches; breeding; captive animals; databases; developmental stages; diabetes; diet; fearfulness; freezing; genetic variation; information management; information sources; learning; locomotion; models; social environment; temperature; veterinarians; world wide web; zoos
Abstract:
... Generally the practical information required for husbandry of wild species in captivity is not readily available in a single comprehensive source. This paper describes the sort of information which would be most useful for species management, using the Slender loris Loris tardigradus nordicus as an example, and provides a practical model of the possible form and content of a husbandry manual. A si ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02882.x

47. Environmental enrichment for Old World primates with reference to the primate collection at Edinburgh Zoo

Author:
L. DICKIE
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 131-139
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Primates; aggression; behavior problems; captive animals; diet; education; environmental enrichment; foods; obesity; paper; straw; zoos
Abstract:
... Concern over the welfare of captive animals has resulted in the development of environmental enrichment procedures and studies into their effectiveness. Psychological and behavioural problems associated with captive primates, such as increased aggression and stereotypies, and physical problems, such as obesity and lack of muscle tone, need to be addressed if zoos are to maintain self‐sustaining ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02895.x

48. Hand‐rearing the Eastern or Great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus at Vogelpark Avifauna, Alphen

Author:
S. H. OBER; R. VERKADE
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 171-173
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Pelecanus; captive animals; chicks; diet; eggs; mortality; nesting; nests; outdoor enclosures
Abstract:
... The Eastern or Great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus is rarely bred in captivity and eggs are often infertile, or are broken or disappear during nesting. At Vogelpark Avifauna, Alphen, mortality of parent‐reared young has been high and some chicks have drowned because they could not climb out of the pond in the outdoor enclosure. Between 26 January and 26 April 1996 52 eggs were laid, only f ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02899.x

49. Management of the Amazon River dolphin Inia geoffrensis at Valencia Aquarium, Venezuela

Author:
E. O. BOEDE; E. MUJICA‐JORQUERA; N. DE BOEDE
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 214-222
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
captive animals; dolphins; rearing; watersheds; Amazon River; Orinoco River; Venezuela
Abstract:
... The Amazon River dolphin Inia geoffensis is distributed throughout the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The species is rare in captivity and as at 31 December 1996 there were only 3.0 reported to ISlS and 1.4 maintained at Valencia Aquarium, Venezuela. This paper describes the husbandry, diet and veterinary care of 14 dolphins maintained at Valencia Aquarium between 1975 and 1995, and the rearing ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02904.x

50. Management of the Grey gentle or Eastern lesser bamboo lemur Hapaletnur griseus griseus at Duke University Primate Center, Durham

Author:
D. HARING; K. DAVIS
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 20-34
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Lemuridae; breeding; captive animals; diet; infant development; infants; natural history; odors; Madagascar
Abstract:
... Since 1970 Duke University Primate Center, Durham. has maintained Grey gentle lemurs Hapalemur griseus griseus. This paper gives an overview of the status of Hapalemur spp in captivity and provides an introduction to their conservation status and natural history in Madagascar. Husbandry techniques developed at the Primate Center, with emphasis on the special needs of ♀♀ and infants, are discus ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02881.x

51. Some Aspects of the Biology, Foraging and Defensive Behaviour of the Emperor Moth Caterpillar, cirina forda (Westwood)

Author:
Adeolu T. Ande; Joshua O. Fasoranti
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 1998 v.18 no.3 pp. 177-181
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Saturniidae; captive animals; cut foliage; defensive behavior; eclosion; eggs; foraging; humans; instars; larvae; mortality; moths; oviposition; predators; trees; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Larvae of Cirina forda (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), a popular food insect in the southern parts of Nigeria were raised in the laboratory on cut foliage as well as on a growing Vittdaria paradoxe tree at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Comparative observations were made on the insect’s biology and behaviour in both rearing systems in order to ascertain if the larvae could be reared in ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1742758400023377

52. The captive rearing of threatened Orthoptera: a comparison of the conservation potential and practical considerations of two species' breeding programmes at the Zoological Society of London

Author:
P. Pearce-Kelly; R. Jones; D. Clarke; C. Walker; P. Atkin; A.A. Cunningham
Source:
Journal of insect conservation 1998 v.2 no.3-4 pp. 201-210
ISSN:
1366-638X
Subject:
Gryllus campestris; Tettigoniidae; breeding; captive animals; rearing
Abstract:
... The development of ex situ conservation work for Orthoptera is demonstrated by examples of two captive-breeding programmes at the Zoological Society of London. The field cricket Gryllus campestris and wart-biter bush cricket Decticus verrucivorus are both species that have been bred in captivity and reintroduced to field sites in attempts to strengthen dwindling wild populations. Despite a similar ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1009643729536

53. A preliminary study of sex ratios in captive‐born ruminants

Author:
N. BENT; R. REASON
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 223-228
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
body size; captive animals; nutrition; population density; progeny; ruminants; sex ratio
Abstract:
... There are a number of studies reported in the literature which suggest that in the wild, body size and condition of ♀ ruminants can affect the sex ratio of offspring. The physical condition of a ♀ can be affected by factors such as nutrition, age, stress, population density and social status. This paper describes a preliminary study of sex ratios in the offspring of 17 species/subspecies of ru ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02905.x

54. The status of Gelada baboon Theropithecus gelada: breeding a neglected species

Author:
A. JOHANN
Source:
International zoo yearbook 1998 v.36 no.1 pp. 64-68
ISSN:
0074-9664
Subject:
Papio; breeding; captive animals; diet; endangered species; zoos
Abstract:
... The Gelada baboon Theropithecus gelada has been kept regularly in zoos although it has never been as popular or numerous as other baboon species. In 1989 Rheine Zoo proposed the establishment of an EEP (European Endangered Species Programme) for the species and in 1990 an international studbook was endorsed. As at 31 December 1996 242 animals were listed in the studbook, with 15 institutions holdi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-1090.1998.tb02885.x

55. Bill malformations in double-crested cormorants with low exposure to organochlorines

Author:
Kuiken, T.; Fox, G.A.; Danesik, K.L.
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 1999 v.18 no.12 pp. 2908-2913
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
Phalacrocorax auritus; abnormal development; aromatic hydrocarbons; bones; captive animals; diet; frozen fish; lakes; liver; polychlorinated biphenyls; radiography; ultraviolet radiation; vitamin D deficiency; Saskatchewan
Abstract:
... Eight of 20 newly hatched double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), captured at Dore Lake (Saskatchewan, Canada) and raised in captivity, developed malformed bills when they were 2 to 3 weeks old. Malformation was characterized by abnormal flexure and rotation of the maxilla and mandible, resulting in a crossed bill. By radiography, the premaxillary and dental bones were misshapen. Morpho ...
DOI:
10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2908:BMIDCC>2.3.CO;2

56. Internal morphology and function of paired fins in the epaulette shark, hemiscyllium ocellatum

Author:
Tomoaki Goto; Kiyonori Nishida; Kazuhiro Nakaya
Source:
Ichthyological research 1999 v.46 no.3 pp. 281-287
ISSN:
1341-8998
Subject:
captive animals; cartilage; coracoid; coral reefs; fins; muscles; sharks
Abstract:
... Paired fins and associated internal structures of the epauletic shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum, were described on the basis of three specimens. A comparison with other genera showed the epaulette shark to be, characterized by two elongated basal cartilages articulating with a distally projecting articular condyle on the coracoid, a loosely separated radial series with an intermediate series, a levat ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02678514

57. Oral and Dental Conditions in Adult African Wild Dog Skulls: A Preliminary Report

Author:
Gerhard Steenkamp; Cecilia Gorrel
Source:
Journal of veterinary dentistry v.16 no.2 pp. 65-68
ISSN:
2470-4083
Subject:
Lycaon pictus; adults; captive animals; carnivores; diet; dogs; extinction; skull; tooth diseases; veterinary dentistry
Abstract:
... Skulls of 29 adult African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) originating from museum collections were examined for evidence of oral pathology. A wide variety of conditions similar to those seen in the domestic dog were detected. Although other reports suggest that captive African wild dogs suffer more extensively from dental disease than those in the wild, we conclude that these wild carnivores suffer fro ...
DOI:
10.1177/089875649901600201

58. The effects of dietary protein content on growth and maturation in deer mice

Author:
Andrew G McAdam; John S Millar
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 1999 v.77 no.11 pp. 1822-1828
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Peromyscus maniculatus; captive animals; compensatory growth; dietary protein; females; juveniles; laboratory experimentation; lactation; maternal nutrition; mice; mothers; nestlings; nutritional adequacy; oats; pet foods; progeny; protein content; seeds; sexual maturity; weaning; Alberta
Abstract:
... Growth and female maturation appear to be limited by the availability of dietary protein in natural populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus borealis) in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta. We examined the effects of dietary protein content on nestling growth rates and sexual maturation of female deer mice in two laboratory experiments. In the first, mice whose mothers were fed a low-protein m ...
DOI:
10.1139/z99-156

59. The maternal behaviour and development of a Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus in captivity

Author:
Eva Gonzales; Robert Close
Source:
Australian zoologist 1999 v.31 no.1 pp. 175-180
ISSN:
0067-2238
Subject:
Pteropus; captive animals; females; males; maternal behavior; Australia
Abstract:
... The Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus is the most widely distributed flying-fox in Australia yet is the least studied. An injured female was taken in captivity and gave birth to a male. Careful notes were taken of the development of the young and its relationship with the mother as it grew more independent. Similarities were found between the development of P. scapulatus and ...
DOI:
10.7882/AZ.1999.017

60. Effective population size, reproductive success and sperm precedence in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, in captivity

Author:
P. M. Brakefield; E. El Filali; R. Van Der Laan; C. J. Breuker; I. J. Saccheri; B. Zwaan
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2001 v.14 no.1 pp. 148-156
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Bicyclus anynana; butterflies; cages; captive animals; crossing; effective population size; eggs; females; genetic markers; hatching; imagos; larvae; males; mixing; mutants; pedigree; progeny; reproductive success; spermatozoa; variance
Abstract:
... A pedigree approach is used to estimate the effective population size yn two population cages of the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Each cage was founded with 54 individually marked adults of each sex. Matings were recorded over a 3‐day period. Eggs were then collected from each female over a similar period before the numbers of hatching larvae were counted to assess progeny number. The males showed ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00248.x

61. Feeding biology of the giant clingfish Chorisochismus dentex – implications for limpet populations

Author:
Y.A.R.G. Lechanteur; K. Prochazka
Source:
African zoology 2001 v.36 no.1 pp. 79-86
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Gobiesocidae; body weight; captive animals; diet; fish; laboratory experimentation; limpets; prey species; stomach
Abstract:
... The behaviour of the giant clingfish, Chorisochismus dentex, feeding on limpets was investigated in the laboratory and in the field. Prey size and species preference were determined in captivity, and compared with observations of stomach contents obtained from fishes in the field. Eleven captive clingfish (8–108 g) ate limpets of a wide size range, although the modal size selected increased with f ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2001.11657117

62. Mating system and reproductive skew in the black rhinoceros

Author:
J. N. Garnier; M. W. Bruford; B. Goossens
Source:
Molecular ecology 2001 v.10 no.8 pp. 2031-2041
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
DNA; captive animals; endangered species; feces; females; males; microsatellite repeats; paternity; population size; progeny; reproductive system; sampling; variance
Abstract:
... Only ≈ 2600 black rhinoceros survive today, mainly in small, isolated populations of < 100 animals. The management of remaining black rhinoceros populations aims at preserving natural levels of genetic relatedness and optimizing breeding success, which requires an accurate knowledge of the mating system, reproductive skew and effective population size. DNA was extracted from faecal samples from a ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01338.x
PubMed:
11555246

63. Natural spawning of the bluefin trevally Caranx melampygus in captivity

Author:
Moriwake, A.M.; Moriwake, V.N.; Ostrowski, A.C.; Lee, C.S.
Source:
Aquaculture 2001 no.1/2 pp. 159-164
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
agricultural programs and projects; breeding; Caranx; spawning; seasonal variation; ova; fecundity; diameter; females; captive animals
Abstract:
... The bluefin trevally, Caranx melampygus, adapts well to captive conditions. Females averaging 3389 +/- 425 g and 52.1 +/- 2.8 cm fork length (FL) spawned naturally during their second year in captivity at The Oceanic Institute in Hawaii. Spawning of bluefin trevally occurred mostly during the summer (May to August) and to a lesser extent in the winter. The bluefin trevally is a multiple spawner. F ...

64. Pyrokinin neuropeptides in a crustacean: Isolation and identification in the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei

Author:
Pieter Torfs; Julia Nieto; Anja Cerstiaens; Doris Boon; Geert Baggerman; Constantine Poulos; Etienne Waelkens; Rita Derua; Jorge Calderón; Arnold De Loof; Liliane Schoofs
Source:
European journal of biochemistry 2001 v.268 no.1 pp. 149-154
ISSN:
0014-2956
Subject:
Astacus leptodactylus; Leucophaea maderae; Litopenaeus vannamei; biosynthesis; captive animals; central nervous system; chromatography; courtship; domestication; females; hindgut; insects; mass spectrometry; pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide; pheromones; pyrokinin; shrimp; synthetic peptides; urine
Abstract:
... Identification of substances able to elicit physiological or behavioural processes that are related to reproduction would greatly contribute to the domestication of commercially important crustaceans that do not reproduce easily in captivity. Crustaceans are thought to release urine signals used for chemical communication involved in courtship behaviour. In contrast to insects, very little is know ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01858.x

65. Simian immunodeficiency virus infections in vervet monkeys (Clorocebus aethiops) at an Australian zoo

Author:
AK JOY; L. VOGELNEST; DJ MIDDLETON; CJ DALE; D. CAMPAGNA; DFJ PURCELL; SJ KENT
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2001 v.79 no.6 pp. 406-408
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Macaca nemestrina; Simian immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; humans; immunosuppression; hosts; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; monkeys; Macaca mulatta; captive animals; animal models; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Cercopithecus aethiops; zoos; United States; Australia
Abstract:
... A number of monkey species, including African green monkeys and African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), are frequently infected in the wild and in captivity with a Simian immunodeficiency virus strain, SIVagm, a primate lentivirus. Up to 50% of African green monkeys are estimated to be infected with SIVagm. SIV strains are very closely related to HIV‐2 strains, which are a cause of AIDS in ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb12984.x
PubMed:
11491218

66. Electronic aversive conditioning for managing wolf predation

Author:
Shivik, John A.; Asher, Val; Bradley, Liz; Kunkel, Kyran; Phillips, Mike; Breck, Stewart; Bangs, Ed
Source:
Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference 2002 no.20 pp. 227-231
ISSN:
0507-6773
Subject:
predation; predator control; vertebrate pests; avoidance conditioning; collars; wildlife-livestock relations; Canis lupus; captive animals; Montana
Handle:
10113/48099

67. Feeding of hand‐reared grey partridge Perdix perdix chicks ‐ importance of invertebrates

Author:
Tuija Liukkonen‐Anttila; Ahti Putaala; Raimo Hissa
Source:
Wildlife biology 2002 v.8 no.1 pp. 11-19
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Calliphora; Coregonus; Osmerus eperlanus; Perdix perdix; animal proteins; captive animals; chickens; chicks; diet; feathers; fish; invertebrates; larvae; mortality; natural foods; partridges; pupae; temperature
Abstract:
... Survival of hand‐reared gamebirds is reported to be poor after release into the wild. One reason for the high mortality is assumed to be nutritional maladaptation of hand‐reared birds to natural foods. In captivity, birds are usually fed commercial poultry foods, which are originally meant for chickens. We carried out a feeding trial to examine the importance of invertebrates and animal protein on ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.2002.003

68. Geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism within a single snake species (Morelia spilota, Pythonidae)

Author:
David Pearson; Richard Shine; Andrew Williams
Source:
Oecologia 2002 v.131 no.3 pp. 418-426
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Morelia; adults; body size; breeding season; captive animals; females; gender differences; geographical variation; islands; males; mating systems; reproductive success; sexual dimorphism; snakes; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Unusually among reptiles, Australian carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) display substantial geographic variation in mating systems and sexual size dimorphism. We studied a population of the south-western subspecies (M. s. imbricata) of this widely distributed taxon, on Garden Island near Perth, Western Australia. Our data greatly expand the range of variation previously documented for populations of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-002-0917-5

69. Good zoo/bad zoo: Visitor experiences in captive settings

Author:
Barbara Woods
Source:
Anthrozoös 2002 v.15 no.4 pp. 343-360
ISSN:
1753-0377
Subject:
captive animals; learning; tourism; wildlife; zoos
Abstract:
... Captive wildlife settings are a large and important segment of the wildlife tourism industry. They are also subject to considerable debate, much of which centers on whether zoos and sanctuaries deliver benefits that compensate the necessity of keeping animals in captivity. The views of the visiting public are an important factor in this debate. This study presents results from visitors who were as ...
DOI:
10.2752/089279302786992478

70. Measurement of serum immunoglobulin concentration in killer whales and sea otters by radial immunodiffusion

Author:
Taylor, Bernadette C.; Brotheridge, Rory M.; Jessup, David A.; Stott, Jeffrey L.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.3-4 pp. 187-195
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Enhydra lutris; Orcinus orca; adults; ammonium sulfate; antiserum; blood serum; captive animals; confidence interval; immunoelectrophoresis; immunoglobulin G; infectious diseases; marine mammals; monitoring; octanoic acid; pollution; polyclonal antibodies; pups; rabbits
Abstract:
... Killer whales and sea otters maintained in captivity are the subjects of routine health monitoring programs, and interest in immunologic studies in sea otters has been rising recently in response to potential impacts from infectious disease and environmental pollution on the threatened southern sea otter population. Development of species-specific reagents for immunologic studies in these two mari ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00208-8

71. A PCR-based method for sex identification in Hippopotamus amphibius

Author:
Richard Beckwitt; Jennifer Shea; Deirdre Osborne; Stephen Krueger; William Barklow
Source:
African zoology 2002 v.37 no.2 pp. 127-130
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Hippopotamus amphibius; Y chromosome; biopsy; captive animals; genes; mammals; national parks; restriction endonucleases; zoo animals; South Africa
Abstract:
... Identification of the sex of aquatic mammals such as the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is difficult in the field. We have developed a PCR-based method for sex identification in the hippopotamus. This method amplifies a short fragment of the ZFX and ZFY genes from the X and Y chromosomes. The PCR products are then digested with the restriction endonuclease HaeIII. The method was verified us ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2002.11657167

72. Acquisition of fishes and aquatic invertebrates for zoological collections. Is there a future

Author:
Thoney, D.A.; Warmolts, D.I.; Andrews, C.
Source:
Zoo biology 2003 v.22 no.6 pp. 519-527
ISSN:
0733-3188
Subject:
aquariums; aquatic invertebrates; captive animals; certification; consumer demand; environmental impact; fecundity; fisheries; freshwater fish; marine fish; markets; ornamental fish; species diversity; trade; transportation
Abstract:
... The majority of the freshwater fishes in the ornamental trade now originate from captive-bred sources, as do a large proportion of the freshwater species exhibited in public aquariums. In contrast, commercial operators who also supply marine specimens to the ornamental trade remove directly from the wild approximately 98% of the marine fishes and invertebrates exhibited in public aquariums. The co ...
DOI:
10.1002/zoo.10100

73. Assessment and conservation of the giant gomeran lizard (Gaiotia bravoana)

Author:
Hernandez-Divers, S.J.; Lafortune, M.; Martínez-Silvestre, A.; Pether, J.
Source:
Veterinary record 2003 v.152 no.13 pp. 395-399
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
animal health; captive animals; cats; clinical examination; extinction; lizards; risk; Spain
Abstract:
... In June 1999, a species of lizard previously considered extinct was rediscovered on the island of La Gomera, Spain. The giant gomeran lizard, Galotia bravoana, is highly endangered and at risk of extinction by the feral cat population. A conservation effort to save the species was initiatived by the regional and central Spanish government and six lizards were captured and brought into captivity. T ...
DOI:
10.1136/vr.152.13.395

74. Behavioral Abnormalities in Captive Nonhuman Primates

Author:
Mallapur, Avanti; Choudhury, B.C.
Source:
Journal of applied animal welfare science 2003 v.6 no.4 pp. 275-284
ISSN:
1088-8705
Subject:
Macaca arctoides; abnormal behavior; captive animals; females; males; social environment; zoos; India
Abstract:
... In this study, we dealt with 11 species of nonhuman primates across 10 zoos in India. We recorded behavior as instantaneous scans between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. In the study, we segregated behaviors for analyses into abnormal, undesirable, active, and resting. The 4 types of abnormal behavior exhibited included floating limb, self-biting, self-clasping, and stereotypic pacing. In the study, we recorded ...
DOI:
10.1207/s15327604jaws0604_2
PubMed:
14965782

75. Bite diameter selection by thicket browsers: the effect of body size and plant morphology on forage intake and quality

Author:
Wilson, Sharon L.; Kerley, Graham I.H.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2003 v.181 no.1-2 pp. 51-65
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Boer (goat breed); Diceros bicornis; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; body size; branches; captive animals; digestibility; feed intake; fiber content; goats; nutritive value; plant morphology; proanthocyanidins
Abstract:
... The bite size selection of mammalian thicket browsers ranging in body size from 5 to >1000 kg was investigated. Trials were undertaken with captive animals (n=4, of each species) that included the indigenous blue duiker (Philantomba monticola), common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), as well as th ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00114-2

76. Broodstock Rearing and Controlled Reproduction of Reeves Shad Tenualosa reevesii

Author:
Wang, Han-Ping; Xiong, Bang-Xi; Wei, Kai-Jing; Yao, Hong
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.3 pp. 308-318
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
anadromous fish; captive animals; endangered species; environmental law; extinction; females; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; heat sums; ova; ovulation; rearing; shad; synthetic hormones; China
Abstract:
... Reeves shad Tenualosa reevesii is one of China's best known anadromous fish, but is presently on the verge of extinction. There is an urgent need for conservation of this species through artificial reproduction and culture. In this study, shad broodstock were held in captivity then were induced to spawn with serial injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) following GtH ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00069.x

77. Comparison of the Reproductive Performance of Similarly-Sized Wild and Captive Farfantepenaeus paulensis

Author:
Peixoto, Silvio; Wasielesky, Wilson Jr.; D'Incao, Fernando; Cavalli, Ronaldo O.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.1 pp. 50-56
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
rearing; nauplii; males; spawning; environmental factors; Farfantepenaeus paulensis; captive animals; egg production; tanks; coastal water; eggs; females; adults; juveniles
Abstract:
... The reproduction of wild-caught Farfantepenaeus paulensis in captivity has been successfully achieved since 1983. However, year-round supply of wild broodstock is costly and unpredictable. This study compares the reproductive performance of animals of similar size (females from 32-33 g and males from 19-21 g) but from different sources: estuary-caught juveniles reared indoors for 9 mo and wild-cau ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00038.x

78. Cryptosporidium muris infection in bilbies (Macrotis lagotis)

Author:
Warren, K.S.; Swan, R.A.; Morgan-Ryan, U.M.; Friend, J.A.; Elliot, A.
Source:
Australian veterinary journal 2003 v.81 no.12 pp. 739-741
ISSN:
0005-0423
Subject:
Cryptosporidium muris; Metatheria; breeding; captive animals; cryptosporidiosis; dimetridazole; feces; food contamination; humans; immunocompromised population; mice; parasites; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Cryptosporidiosis is an enteric disease of animals and humans that can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. There is no known effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis. Bilbies are threatened marsupials and are bred in captivity as part of a recovery program to re-introduce this species to the southwest of Western Australia. Cryptosporidium muris infection was detected in the faeces of bilbi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb14602.x
PubMed:
15080483

79. Dangerous animals in captivity: Ex situ tiger conflict and implications for private ownership of exotic animals

Author:
Nyhus, P.J.; Tilson, R.L.; Tomlinson, J.L.
Source:
Zoo biology 2003 v.22 no.6 pp. 573-586
ISSN:
0733-3188
Subject:
Panthera tigris; animal welfare; captive animals; carnivores; death; direct contact; people; private ownership; public health; risk; United States
Abstract:
... The risks associated with tiger attacks on people in the wild are well documented. There may currently be more tigers in captivity than in the wild, but relatively little is known about the risks of injury or death associated with owning and managing captive tigers and other large carnivores. The purpose of this study was to conduct a global assessment of attacks by captive tigers on people, with ...
DOI:
10.1002/zoo.10117

80. Do Domestic Pigs in Controlled Environments Contrafreeload?

Author:
Young, Robert J.; Lawrence, Alistair B.
Source:
Journal of applied animal welfare science 2003 v.6 no.4 pp. 309-318
ISSN:
1088-8705
Subject:
captive animals; environmental enrichment; foods; swine
Abstract:
... Many experiments report that animals will work (lever press) for food in the presence of freely available identical food. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of applied ethologists because it seems to prove that animals have a need to express appetitive behavior. If this is the case, then it has implications for the provision of environmental enrichment for animals in captivity. In this ex ...
DOI:
10.1207/s15327604jaws0604_5
PubMed:
14965785

81. Effects of dietary protein and energy concentrations on performance and carcase characteristics of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) raised in captivity

Author:
Özek, K.; Yazgan, O.; Bahtiyarca, Y.
Source:
British poultry science 2003 v.44 no.3 pp. 419-426
ISSN:
0007-1668
Subject:
Alectoris chukar; abdominal fat; body weight; captive animals; crude protein; cystine; dietary protein; energy; feed conversion; feed intake; females; grower diets; liveweight gain; males; meat production; metabolizable energy; neck; partridges; rump; starter diets
Abstract:
... 1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of starter and grower diets with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase, breast + back, rump, wing, neck and abdominal fat weights of chukar partridge raised in captivity. 2. Chukar partridges were f ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071660310005198265
PubMed:
12964626

82. Enrichment Devices for Nonhuman Primates

Author:
Schub, Tanja; Eisenstein, Michael
Source:
Lab animal 2003 v.32 no.10 pp. 37-40
ISSN:
0093-7355
Subject:
captive animals; environmental enrichment; laboratory animals
Abstract:
... There has been in recent years a substantial increase in the variety of enhancement devices available for nonhuman primates in captivity, and the task of properly outfitting a housing unit can be daunting. Researchers continue to investigate the specific impact and importance of environmental enrichment, but it is generally accepted that increasing the complexity of the environment for the mental ...
DOI:
10.1038/laban1103-37

83. Estimating faecal output in reindeer during winter

Author:
Storeheier, P.V.; Mathiesen, S.D.; Sundset, M.A.
Source:
Livestock production science 2003 v.84 no.1 pp. 23-30
ISSN:
0301-6226
Subject:
adults; bags; calves; captive animals; chromic oxide; chromium; diet; excretion; feces; females; grazing; herds; lichens; livestock production; males; pastures; reindeer; winter
Abstract:
... Faecal output (FO) was estimated indirectly in six penned male reindeer calves by use of intraruminal chromic oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) constant release capsules (CRCs) and compared with their actual FO, which was determined in a parallel study by use of total faecal collection (TFC) with faeces collecting bags. The captive animals successively ate two different diets: a diet of pelleted reindeer feed (RF ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0301-6226(03)00071-X

84. Factors affecting reproduction in zoo-housed geoffroy's tamarins(Saguinus geoffroyi)

Author:
Kuhar, Christopher W.; Bettinger, Tamara L.; Sironen, Alan L.; Shaw, James H.; Lasley, Bill L.
Source:
Zoo biology 2003 v.22 no.6 pp. 545-559
ISSN:
0733-3188
Subject:
Saguinus; analysis of variance; captive animals; cortisol; population dynamics; progeny; reproduction; urine; zoos
Abstract:
... The captive population of Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) has suffered a severe decline over the past 10 years. This population decline is attributed not to a failure to produce offspring, but rather to a failure to successfully rear offspring. To date, no studies have quantitatively examined the behaviors and hormones of this tamarin species in captivity. Therefore, this study was conduc ...
DOI:
10.1002/zoo.10099

85. Incidence of Salmonellae in Captive and Wild Free-Living Raptorial Birds in Central Spain

Author:
Reche, M.P.; Jimenez, P.A.; Alvarez, F.; Garcia de los Rios, J.E.; Rojas, A.M.; Pedro, P. de
Source:
Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B. 2003 v.50 no.1 pp. 42-44
ISSN:
0931-1793
Subject:
Salmonella; bacteriophages; captive animals; domestic animals; feces; hospitals; humans; selective media; serotypes; wild birds; wildlife; Spain
Abstract:
... A total of 595 faecal samples from raptorial birds, either captive or free-living, residing in GREFA Wildlife Hospital were bacteriologically examined using various selective media and an Automated Diagnostic Assay System for Salmonella detection. Serotype and phage type of the strains identified as Salmonella was determined. In the captive group, of the 285 samples examined, 21 (7.36%) were posit ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00623.x

86. Isolation of a European bat lyssavirus type 2 from a Daubenton's bat in the United Kingdom

Author:
Johnson, N.; Selden, D.; Parsons, G.; Healy, D.; Brookes, S.M.; McElhinney, L.M.; Hutson, A.M.; Fooks, A.R.
Source:
Veterinary record 2003 v.152 no.13 pp. 383-387
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Rabies lyssavirus; abnormal behavior; aggression; brain; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; captive animals; viruses; genotype; Myotis; Netherlands; England
Abstract:
... European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) has been isolated once previously from a bat in the UK in June 1996. In September 2002, a Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonif) found in Lancashire developed abnormal behaviour, including unprovoked aggression, while it was in captivity. Brain samples from the bat were tested for virus of the Lyssavirus genus, which includes EBLV-2 (genotype 6), and classical ...
DOI:
10.1136/vr.152.13.383
PubMed:
12696703

87. Natural Spawning And Rearing Of Mangrove Red Snapper, Lutjanus Agentimaculatus, Larvae In Captivity

Author:
Leu, Ming-Yih; Chen, I-Hui; Fang, Lee-Shing
Source:
Israeli journal of aquaculture Bamidgeh 2003 v.55 no.1 pp. 22-30
ISSN:
0792-156X
Subject:
Brachionus rotundiformis; Copepoda; Lutjanus argentimaculatus; aquaculture; artificial diets; captive animals; eggs; females; fiberglass; hormones; juveniles; metamorphosis; nauplii; rearing; siblings; spawning; tanks
Abstract:
... Mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Forsskål) spawned naturally in captivity, without the use of hormones or other treatments, from May 21 to September 15, 1999. Each female laid an average 2,350,000 eggs. Larvae were reared in 4-ton circular fiberglass tanks. They were first fed S-type rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis). Later, Artemia nauplii and copepods were added to the diet. Th ...

88. Positive Reinforcement Training As a Technique to Alter Nonhuman Primate Behavior: Quantitative Assessments of Effectiveness

Author:
Schapiro, Steven J.; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Laule, Gail E.
Source:
Journal of applied animal welfare science 2003 v.6 no.3 pp. 175-187
ISSN:
1088-8705
Subject:
operant conditioning; Pan troglodytes; managers; fighting behavior; breeding; research management; Macaca mulatta; captive animals; Texas
Abstract:
... Many suggest that operant conditioning techniques can be applied successfully to improve the behavioral management of nonhuman primates in research settings. However, relatively little empirical data exist to support this claim. This article is a review of several studies that discussed applied positive reinforcement training techniques (PRT) on breeding/research colonies of rhesus macaques (Macac ...
DOI:
10.1207/S15327604JAWS0603_03
PubMed:
14612266

89. Reproductive functional anatomy and oestrous cycle pattern of the female brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus, Gray 1842) from Gabon

Author:
Mayor, P.; López-Béjar, M.; Jori, F.; Fenech, M.; López-Gatius, F.
Source:
Animal reproduction science 2003 v.77 no.3-4 pp. 247-259
ISSN:
0378-4320
Subject:
animal ovaries; captive animals; cervix; epithelium; estrous cycle; female genitalia; females; pregnancy; rodents; uterus; vagina; vulva; Gabon
Abstract:
... In the present study, we examined certain features of the functional anatomy of the female genital tract of the wild brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) to obtain data on the reproductive biology of this African forest rodent. Two consecutive experiments were performed. The aim of the first was to establish macroscopic and microscopic features of the genital organs, and to explore correla ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00041-1

90. Toxoplasma Gondii Infections in Captive Black-footed Ferrets (Mustela Nigripes), 1992–1998: Clinical Signs, Serology, Pathology, and Prevention

Author:
Burns, Roy; Williams, Elizabeth S.; O’Toole, Donal; Dubey, J.P.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2003 v.39 no.4 pp. 787-797
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Mustela nigripes; young animals; disease detection; endangered species; immunohistochemistry; ataxia (disorder); anorexia; disease prevention; wildlife diseases; toxoplasmosis; captive animals; chronic diseases; disease resistance; edema; Toxoplasma gondii; mortality; adults; zoo animals; Kentucky
Abstract:
... An epizootic of toxoplasmosis occurred among 22 adult and 30 kit black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) maintained under quarantine conditions at the Louisville Zoological Garden (Louisville, Kentucky, USA) in June, 1992. Black-footed ferrets appear to be highly susceptible to acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Clinical signs were observed in 19 adults and six kits and included anorexia, lethargy, ...
Handle:
10113/48148
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-39.4.787

91. Cell-mediated immune response affects food intake but not body mass: An experiment with wintering great tits

Author:
Andres Barbosa; Eulalia Moreno
Source:
Écoscience 2004 v.11 no.3 pp. 305-309
ISSN:
2376-7626
Subject:
aviaries; body weight; captive animals; cell-mediated immunity; food intake; immune response; phytohemagglutinin; winter
Abstract:
... Reduction in body mass is one of the major energetic costs associated with immune challenge. In studies where such findings have been obtained, birds performed their normal activities in a natural environment during the experiments. In such situations food intake after immune challenge was not controlled. Therefore, reduction in body mass could be due to a reduction in foraging activity through di ...
DOI:
10.1080/11956860.2004.11682837

92. Effects of crude extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) and Carica papaya (Caricaceae) against the protozoan fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Author:
A. P. Ekanem; A. Obiekezie; W. Kloas; K. Knopf
Source:
Parasitology research 2004 v.92 no.5 pp. 361-366
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Carassius auratus; Carica papaya; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Mucuna pruriens; Protozoa; captive animals; goldfish; in vitro studies; leaf extracts; medicinal plants; mortality; parasites; seeds
Abstract:
... The ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is among the most pathogenic parasites of fish maintained in captivity. In the present study, the effects of the crude methanolic extract of leaves of Mucuna pruriens and the petroleum-ether extract of seeds of Carica papaya against I. multifiliis were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) infected with the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-003-1038-8

93. How does Merendera montana (L.) Lange (Liliaceae) benefit from being consumed by mole-voles?

Author:
Gomez-Garcia, D.; Azorin, J.; Giannoni, S.M.; Borghi, C.E.
Source:
Plant ecology 2004 v.172 no.2 pp. 173-181
ISSN:
1385-0237
Subject:
Colchicum; Liliaceae; Microtus; alkaloids; asexual reproduction; captive animals; chemical composition; corms; feeding behavior; foods; grasslands; habitats; herbivores; ingestion; leaves; plant density; seedlings; toxicity; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... The relationships between a geophyte (Merendera montana (L.) Lange - Liliaceae) and a mole-vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus de Sélys-Longchamps) in the Spanish Pyrenees were investigated by analysing plant density, asexual reproductive strategies, and chemical composition of M. montana, and by observing the feeding behavior of M. duodecimcostatus in captivity. We found that M. montana contains toxi ...

94. Immune activity in temperate and tropical house sparrows: a common‐garden experiment

Author:
Lynn B. Martin II; Monica Pless; Julia Svoboda; Martin Wikelski
Source:
Ecology 2004 v.85 no.8 pp. 2323-2331
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Passer domesticus; birds; body condition; breeding season; captive animals; immune response; life history; phytohemagglutinin; seasonal variation; tropics
Abstract:
... We hypothesized that Neotropical passerines would invest more in costly immune function relative to north‐temperate passerines, due to differences in their respective life histories. We further hypothesized that latitudinal variation in immune activity would persist in common‐garden conditions. To test these hypotheses, we compared immune function, measured via phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced win ...
DOI:
10.1890/03-0365

95. Isolation and identification of mycobacteria in New World primates maintained in captivity

Author:
Alfonso, R.; Romero, R.E.; Diaz, A.; Calderon, M.N.; Urdaneta, G.; Arce, J.; Patarroyo, M.E.; Patarroyo, M.A.
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2004 v.98 no.3-4 pp. 285-295
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Cebidae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; antigens; blood; cages; captive animals; genes; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; tuberculosis; zoos
Abstract:
... The presence of several Mycobacterium species was determined in 68 New World monkeys kept captive in the Cali Zoo. One hundred and thirty-three gastric lavage and blood samples were evaluated for mycobacterial presence by Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, culture and PCR amplification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtp40 species-specific gene. Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) were identif ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.023

96. Oral rabies vaccine (ORV) bait uptake by striped skunks: preliminary results

Author:
Jojola, Susan M.; Robinson, Stacie J.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.
Source:
Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference 2004 no.21 pp. 190-193
ISSN:
0507-6773
Subject:
aerial application; oral vaccination; Rabies lyssavirus; baits; Procyon lotor; rabies; Mephitis mephitis; sulfadimethoxine; biomarkers; meat; disease control; wildlife diseases; foxes; captive animals; equipment design; flavor
Abstract:
... Aerial delivery of rabies vaccine-laden bait is effective and efficient for large-scale vaccination of wildlife. Oral rabies vaccine (ORV) contained in a sachet (or blister pack) inside baits that serve as the mode of delivery currently are used for orally immunizing foxes, raccoons, and coyotes. The technique remains in the vaccine-development stage for oral immunization of skunks. Since skunks a ...
Handle:
10113/40032

97. Toxoplasmosis in nilgais (boselaphus tragocamelus) and a saiga antelope (saiga tatarica)

Author:
Sedláák Kamil; Báártováá Eva; Literáák Ivan; Vodička Roman; Dubey J. P.
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2004 v.35 no.4 pp. 530-533
ISSN:
1042-7260
Subject:
Boselaphus; antelopes; disease detection; immunohistochemistry; antibody detection; polymerase chain reaction; abortion (animals); toxoplasmosis; pathogen identification; captive animals; Toxoplasma gondii; zoo animals
Abstract:
... Three captive female nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) either showed late-term abortion or their newborn calves died within 2 days of birth. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was demonstrated in the brain and liver of each fetus and in one of the two neonates by single-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TGR1E and by seminested PCR with B1 gene. Retrospectively, antibodies titers ≥≥640 to T. gondii by ...
Handle:
10113/39745
DOI:
10.1638/02-005.1

98. Treatment of capture myopathy in shorebirds: a successful trial in northwestern Australia

Author:
Rogers Danny I.; Battley Phil F.; Sparrow Jan; Koolhaas Anita; Hassell Chris J.
Source:
Journal of field ornithology 2004 v.75 no.2 pp. 157-164
ISSN:
0273-8570
Subject:
Calidris canutus; Calidris tenuirostris; Limosa; birds; breeding season; cages; captive animals; males; muscles; muscular diseases; predators; sex ratio; temperature; tissue repair; Australia
Abstract:
... Shorebirds held during banding activities can develop muscle cramps, especially when temperatures are high and birds are heavy. Such capture myopathy can be fatal or render birds vulnerable to predators. We rehabilitated Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris), Red Knots (C. canutus), Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica), and Red-necked Stints (C. ruficollis) in northwestern Australia. We kept birds ...
DOI:
10.1648/0273-8570(2004)075[0157:TOCMIS]2.0.CO;2

99. A preliminary assessment of how zoo visitors evaluate animal welfare according to enclosure style and the expression of behavior

Author:
V.A. Melfi; W. McCormick; A. Gibbs
Source:
Anthrozoös 2004 v.17 no.2 pp. 98-108
ISSN:
1753-0377
Subject:
Panthera tigris; animal behavior; animal welfare; captive animals; photographs; zoo animals; zoos; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Visitors to zoos make judgements about animal welfare on the basis of what they see during their visit. There has been a considerable amount of research and debate surrounding the use of enclosure style and/or animal behavior to act as indicators of animal welfare. There are assumptions, supported by some studies but contradicted by others, that naturalistic enclosures and the expression of “wild ...
DOI:
10.2752/089279304786991792

100. Activities that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) in captivity at night

Author:
ANITA SARDIANA TJAKRADIDJAJA; DIDID DIAPARI; ARIA PERDANA; WARTIKA ROSA FARIDA
Source:
Biodiversitas 2005 v.6 no.4 pp. 259-262
ISSN:
2085-4722
Subject:
Petaurus breviceps; bananas; breads; captive animals; coconuts; defecation; females; guavas; locomotion; males; passion fruits; sugars; sweetcorn; urination
Abstract:
... Activities that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) in captivity at night study on activity that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider in captivity of small mammals at night has been conducted at the Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Bogor. Feeds consisted of passion fruit, banana, guava, papaya, sweet corn, coconut, and bread and were give ...