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1. Electrodialytic Estimation of Ash and of Acidic and Basic Groups in Textile Fibres

Author:
Arnold M. Sookne; Charles H. Fugitt; Jacinto Steinhardt
Source:
Textile research journal 1940 v.10 no.9 pp. 380-389
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
anions; ash content; cations; combustion; cotton; electrical properties; equipment; fabrics; inorganic matter; silk; sulfates; sulfur; sulfuric acid; textile fibers; wool
Abstract:
... Considerable practical interest attaches to the ash of textile fibres. It is well known, for example, that the electrical properties of textiles such as cotton, silk, and wool depend to a considerable extent upon the nature and amount of inorganic substances in the fibres. In addition, this ash content influences the uptake of mois ture and dyestuffs, as well as the ability of the fibre to combine ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051754001000903

2. Combination of Silk Fibroin with Acid and with Base

Author:
Leland F. Gleysteen; Milton Harris
Source:
Textile research journal 1941 v.11 no.3 pp. 117-125
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
adsorption; anions; cations; dyes; fabrics; fibroins; hydrogen ions; methylation; moieties; pH; potassium chloride; potassium hydroxide; research programs; silk; textile fibers; titration; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Silk contains a number of acidic and basic groups. The state of combination and the behavior of these groups are important in influencing the tensile and elastic properties of the fibroin and the adsorption of moisture and dyes. As part of a broad research program of the Textile Foundation Research Associateship at the National Bureau of Standards on the acidic and basic properties of fibers, this ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051754101100302

3. Influence of Factorially Combined Levels of Cations and Nitrate Ions Adsorbed on Ion-Exchange Resins on the Nutrient Absorption by Plants

Author:
H. V. Welch; A. Wallace; R. T. Mueller
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1954 v.18 no.2 pp. 137-140
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
absorption; anions; balance sheet; cation exchange capacity; cations; grain yield; ion exchange; ion exchange resins; lemons; magnesium; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nutrient uptake; nutrients; oats; potassium; radishes; roots
Abstract:
... The interaction of different levels of cations and nitrate nitrogen adsorbed on synthetic exchange resins upon nutrient absorption by plants was studied in a pot experiment. A factorial design of three levels of cations and three of N was used. Ca, Mg, and K were supplied at the same ratio at all three levels and P and S were unvaried. Three successive plantings were made. These were lemon cutting ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1954.03615995001800020006x

4. The Energies of Replacement of Calcium by Potassium in Soils1, 2

Author:
C. M. Woodruff
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1955 v.19 no.2 pp. 167-171
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; calcium; cations; energy; plant nutrition; potassium; soil; soil solution
Abstract:
... Energy of exchange is a measure of the intensity factor in the delivery of a balanced supply of nutrient cations from the exchange complex of the soil to the growing plant. Energies of exchange for the replacement of calcium by potassium in a soil may be computed from the cationic composition of water extracts from the soil. Cationic compositions of displaced soil solutions varied with the concent ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900020014x

5. Salt Concentration a Factor in the Availability of Phosphorus from Rock Phosphate as Revealed by the Growth and Composition of Alfalfa

Author:
D. O. Howe; E. R. Graham
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1957 v.21 no.1 pp. 25-28
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
alfalfa; ammonium nitrate; anions; calcium; carbonates; cations; chlorides; clay; crop yield; hydrogen; hydroxides; magnesium; nitrogen; phosphoric acid; phosphorus; potassium; rock phosphate; salt concentration; salt content; sodium; sodium sulfate; soil water; soluble salts; trace elements
Abstract:
... A study of the availability of phosphorus held in rock phosphate in relation to the soluble salt content of sandclay cultures was made. An effort was made to relate the availability of the phosphorus to the relative bonding energies of Putnam clay for calcium, magnesium, potassium, and hydrogen. Alfalfa was grown as the test crop. The less than 0.2 µ Putnam clay was brought to desired cation satur ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1957.03615995002100010007x

6. A Kinetic Study of the Supercontraction of Wool Fibers in Solutions of Salts, Acids, and Alkalies

Author:
W.G. Crewther; L.M. Dowling
Source:
Textile research journal 1959 v.29 no.7 pp. 541-549
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
alkalis; anions; bromine; cations; chlorides; fabrics; hydrochloric acid; iodides; lithium; pH; potassium; sodium; textile fibers; wool
Abstract:
... Wool fibers contract in hot solutions of acids or alkalies, the initial rate of contraction increasing with increasing concentration of the acid or alkali. At the higher concentra tions contraction is followed by elongation of the fibers to lengths which may exceed the original length. The maximum contraction obtained decreases with increasing con centration of acid or alkali used. Comparison of t ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755902900703

7. Adsorption of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile on Kaolinite: II. Effect of Solution Electrolytes

Author:
J. L. Mortensen
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1959 v.23 no.3 pp. 199-202
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
adsorption; aluminum; anions; cations; clay; electrostatic interactions; hydrolysis; kaolinite; mixing; polyacrylonitrile; protons; transition elements
Abstract:
... Adsorption experiments were conducted by mixing NaCl-kaolinite and C¹⁴-labelled hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) in water solutions of various electrolytes. An increase in the concentration of electrolyte caused an increase in extent of HPAN adsorption, the effect apparently being due to reduction of electrostatic repulsion between HPAN and kaolinite and reduction in size of the HPAN coil. Diva ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1959.03615995002300030014x

8. The Reaction of Wool With Sodium Hydroxide in Concentrated Salt Solutions

Author:
J.R. McPhee
Source:
Textile research journal 1959 v.29 no.4 pp. 303-310
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
acetates; anions; bromides; carbonates; cations; chlorides; citrates; fabrics; iodides; lithium; nitrites; potassium; reducing agents; sodium; sodium bisulfite; sodium hydroxide; sorption; textile fibers; thiocyanates; thiosulfates; wool
Abstract:
... The properties of wool after treatment with sodium hydroxide in a series of 2 M aqueous salt solutions show that anions protect from alkaline degradation in the order S₂O₃ ᶻ, SO₈ ᶻ, citrate > CO₃ ᶻ> 50₄ ᶻ > C₂H ₃O₂- > Cl- > Br- > NO₂- > I- > CNS-, while cations protect in the order Li⁺, Na⁺ > K⁺. The swelling of wool is decreased by some 2 M salt solutions (S₂O₂ ᶻ) but is unaffected by others (CNS ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755902900403

9. Aluminum Bonding in Soils: a Unifying Principle in Soil Science

Author:
M. L. Jackson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1963 v.27 no.1 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
A horizons; aluminum; aluminum hydroxide; anions; cation exchange; cations; clay; equations; hydrogen bonding; moieties; oxygen; phosphates; polymerization; pyrite; sap; silicates; smectite; soil aggregates; soil pH; solubility; sulfates; toxicity; weathering
Abstract:
... The aluminum ion bonds through oxygen to form a variety of functional groups underlying diverse properties of soils. One aluminum-bond functional group provides the cation exchange site of soil layer silicate clays. Pauling's m-rule of acid strength for oxy-acids, (HO)ₙOₘC, applied to the 2:1 layer silicate clay formula of beidellite, considering all structural cations, yields m = 1.6, characteris ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700010008x

10. Effect of Anions on Amount of Sodium Adsorbed by Sodium-Saturated Utah Bentonite

Author:
Theron G. Sommerfeldt; H. B. Peterson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1963 v.27 no.6 pp. 641-644
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
adsorption; anions; bentonite; bicarbonates; cations; chlorides; clay; ionic strength; pH; silicon; sodium; sulfates; Utah
Abstract:
... Sodium-saturated Utah bentonite was equilibrated in various concentrations and kinds of sodium salt solutions to ascertain the effects of different anions in the system on the amount of sodium adsorbed by the clay. Effects of pH on the adsorption of sodium were also studied by equilibrating the clay in solutions having pH's of 7.2 and 10.5. The solutions were analyzed before and after equilibratio ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700060022x

11. Ionic Balance and Growth of Sixteen Plant Species

Author:
J. C. Noggle
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1966 v.30 no.6 pp. 763-766
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; barley; calcium; cations; chlorides; greenhouses; magnesium; nitrates; plant tissues; potassium; sodium; soil; sulfates; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... The total concentration of inorganic cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) exceeds the total concentration of inorganic anions (NO₃⁻, H₂PO₄⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻) in most plant tissue, and the difference between the two is an estimate of the organic anion concentration. Previous investigations have shown that vegetative growth of barley with high fertilization rates was regulated to some extent by the organic anio ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000060030x

12. Osmotic Efficiency Coefficients Across Compacted Clays

Author:
W. D. Kemper; J. B. Rollins
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1966 v.30 no.5 pp. 529-534
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; cations; clay; hydrodynamics; salt concentration; water content
Abstract:
... Movement of solution through clays in response to salt concentration differences and in response to hydraulic pressure differences was measured. Rate of movement of solution in response to an “osmotic pressure” difference was divided by the rate of movement in response to an energywise equal hydraulic pressure difference to obtain osmotic efficiency coefficients. These osmotic efficiency coefficie ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000050005x

13. Salt Entry into Plants

Author:
Sterling B. Hendricks
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1966 v.30 no.1 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
adenosine triphosphate; aeration; anions; carbon dioxide; carboxylic acids; cations; mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation; plasma membrane; potassium; protons; roots
Abstract:
... The manner of salt entry into roots is discussed. Reasons are given for considering the plasmalemma of the epidermal cells as being the rate-limiting barrier. The dependence of uptake on aeration is considered to arise from production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Passage of the salt at the cellular membrane, however, is considered to depend on u ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000010009x

14. Clay Retention, Activities, and Excised Root Uptake of Ions in Bentonite Suspensions and Dialyzates

Author:
G. H. Snyder; D. C. Reicosky; E. O. McLean; R. E. Franklin
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1968 v.32 no.4 pp. 476-480
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; bentonite; calcium; calcium chloride; cation exchange; cations; clay; corn; electrodes; hydrolysis; pH; potassium; potassium chloride; radiolabeling; rubidium; soybeans
Abstract:
... Suspensions of bentonite clay saturated with varying Ca and K or Rb ratios and containing several concentrations of CaCl₂ or KCl were membrane equilibrated with equal volumes of water. Activities and concentrations of Ca and K or Rb, and Cl ions in both suspension and dialyzate phases were determined with electrode and radioactive tracer techniques. The “suspension effect” (greater activity of cat ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1968.03615995003200040018x

15. Bicarbonate Accumulation and pH Changes at the Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Root-Soil Interface

Author:
D. Riley; S. A. Barber
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1969 v.33 no.6 pp. 905-908
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Glycine max; anions; bicarbonates; cations; nitrates; pH; roots; soil; soil solution; soybeans
Abstract:
... Investigation of the root-soil interface environment of soybean roots showed an accumulation of HCO₃ and an increase in pH as compared to the original soil. The magnitude of the HCO₃ accumulation and pH increases was related to the NO₃ level of the soil solution. This effect was attributed to a greater uptake of anions than cations by the plant so that HCO₃ release maintained electrical neutrality ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300060031x

16. Extraction of Anions and Cations from Recent Volcanic Ash

Author:
Elemer Bornemisza
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1971 v.35 no.3 pp. 506-507
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; calcium; cations; magnesium; manganese; pH; phosphates; silicates; sodium; sodium hydroxide; sulfates; volcanic ash; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Water extracts of ash from Mt. Arenal, Costa Rica's most recently active volcano, contained up to 32 ppm Ca, 3.3 ppm Mg, 4 ppm K, 4 ppm Na, and 0.4 ppm Mn. No phosphates were extracted by water, but sulfates reached 35 ppm and silicates 1.6 ppm in the extracts. The sample farthest away from the volcano gave extracts of lowest Ca and Mg content. The pH of diluted NaOH suspension of ash decreased on ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500030047x

17. Interacting Diffuse Layers in Mixed Mono-Divalent Ionic Systems

Author:
Eshel Bresler
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.6 pp. 891-896
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; blood platelets; cation exchange; cations; clay; graphs; soil; theoretical models
Abstract:
... A numerical solution of the electric double-layer problem, for the case of overlapping diffuse layers in mixed monovalent-divalent ion systems, is used to obtain a series of graphs for various cation compositions in the external solution. In these graphs, the electric potential is expressed as a function of the surface charge density, the concentration of the two cations in the equilibrium solutio ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600060018x

18. Ionic Balance for Barley as Influenced by P Fertility, Water, and Soil Temperature

Author:
Ronald F. Follett; George A. Reichman
Source:
Agronomy journal 1973 v.65 no.3 pp. 477-482
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Hordeum; adverse effects; anions; calcium; cations; grain yield; magnesium; metabolites; nitrates; nutrient uptake; phosphorus; plant available water; potassium; protons; sodium; soil pH; soil temperature; spring barley; sulfates; total nitrogen; variance
Abstract:
... The relationship between organic anion concentration and yield of spring barley (Hordeum vulgate L., vat. ‘Sacramento’) was investigated in a growth room at three levels of P. This relationship was tested at three levels of available soil water (W) and three soil temperatures (T). The concentration of organic anions was determined as the difference between the sum of the meq/kg of inorganic cation ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500030037x

19. Accretion and Dilution of Nutrients in Young Corn, as Affected by Yield Response to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium

Author:
G. L. Terman; S. E. Allen
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1974 v.38 no.3 pp. 455-460
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Zea mays; anions; calcium; cations; corn; dry matter accumulation; hybrids; magnesium; manganese; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrients; phosphorus; potassium; soil; zinc
Abstract:
... Hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) was grown in infertile soil fertilized with none and three nonzero rates of N, P, or K in separate treatment series; other nutrients were applied in each series at uniform levels. Near-linear increases in uptake of N, P, or K with amount applied occurred during 25, 41, and 53 days' growth. Concentrations of N, P, or K increased with amount applied and decreased with conti ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800030024x

20. Effect of Macronutrient Ions on the Availability of Iron from a Chelated Source

Author:
J. J. Oertli; A. A. Opoku
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1974 v.38 no.4 pp. 597-602
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Zea mays; absorption; anions; calcium; cations; chlorides; ethylenediamines; iron; ligands; long term experiments; magnesium; nitrates; nutrient solutions; pH; potassium; roots; sodium; sulfates
Abstract:
... The uptake of Fe from FeEDDHA [ferric chelate of ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)] during periods of 1 to 2 days was studied with 10- to 11-day-old corn plants (Zea mays L.) grown in nutrient solutions. The Fe in roots and tops was markedly affected by the composition of the nutrient solution. Cations stimulated Fe in plants in the following order: K> Na > Mg > Ca, and anions SO₄ > ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800040023x

21. Potential Tetany Hazard of N-Fertilized Bromegrass as Indicated by Chemical Composition

Author:
R. F. Follet; J. F. Power; D. L. Grunes; D. A. Hewes; H. F. Mayland
Source:
Agronomy journal 1975 v.67 no.6 pp. 819-824
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Bromus inermis; animal diseases; anions; calcium; carbohydrates; cations; fertilizer application; field experimentation; forage; forage yield; grass tetany; magnesium; nitrogen fertilizers; ovens; potassium; ruminants; sandy loam soils; sodium; spring; sulfates; total nitrogen; water solubility; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... The objective of this field experiment was to determine the effect of N fertilization on yield and chemical composition of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and the potential for grass tetany hazard in the northern Great Plains as indicated by chemical composition of bromegrass forage. Chemical components of forage considered in relation to the hazard of tetany (a metabolic disorder of ruminan ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700060024x

22. Predicting Ionic Distributions in Large Soil Columns

Author:
P. J. Wierenga; M. J. Shaffer; S. P. Gomez; G. A. O'Connor
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1975 v.39 no.6 pp. 1080-1084
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; calcium; cations; chlorides; irrigation; lysimeters; magnesium; models; prediction; saline water; sodium; soil; soil solution; sulfates; water flow
Abstract:
... The distribution of various cations and anions was measured with depth and time in a large lysimeter column periodically irrigated with saline water. Samples of the soil solution were removed with extraction cups placed at depths of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 cm below the soil surface in the lysimeters. Observed ionic distributions were compared with calculated values obtained by combining a tr ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1975.03615995003900060021x

23. Coupling Phenomena in Saturated Homo-ionic Montmorillonite: II. Theoretical

Author:
P. H. Groenevelt; D. E. Elrick
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1976 v.40 no.6 pp. 820-823
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; cations; clay; electrodes; equations; montmorillonite; physicochemical properties; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... A theory is presented for the formulation of flux equations which describe the transport of water, salt, and electric charge through clays. This theory is based on thermodynamic principles. Model considerations lead to analytical expressions for the transport coefficients. These model calculations are based on electric double layer theory and produce a symmetric matrix of coefficients. The differe ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000060011x

24. Octan-I-ol Extraction of Molybdophosphoric Acid in the Colorimetric Determination of Orthophosphate

Author:
K. R. Helyar; A. L. Brown
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1976 v.40 no.1 pp. 43-46
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
absorbance; anions; aqueous solutions; calcium chloride; cations; color; colorimetry; detection limit; orthophosphates; soil; temperature
Abstract:
... A method for the analysis of orthophosphate in aqueous solutions is described. The detection limit of the method is <0.1 µg orthophosphate P, and the molybdophosphoric acid can be concentrated at least 300 times by extraction into octan-I-ol. The complex is reduced to the colored form after extraction into octan-I-ol and Beer's Law is obeyed at least to an absorbance value of 1.5. A study of the e ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000010015x

25. Anion-Aluminum Hydroxide Gel Interactions

Author:
Carlos J. Serna; J. L. White; Stanley L. Hem
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1977 v.41 no.5 pp. 1009-1013
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aluminum; aluminum hydroxide; anions; carbonates; cations; electrostatic interactions; gels; infrared spectroscopy; nitrates; sulfates
Abstract:
... The interaction of the nitrate, sulfate, and carbonate anion with aluminum hydroxide gel was studied by infrared spectroscopy. A lowering in the anion symmetry due to the interaction with the aluminum hydroxide surface was observed. Evidence suggests that the nitrate anion interaction is outside of the coordination sphere of the aluminum cation and therefore is mainly electrostatic. However, the s ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050041x

26. Hydrologic Response and Nutrient Concentrations Following Spring Burns in an Oak-hickory Forest

Author:
M. Dean Knighton
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1977 v.41 no.3 pp. 627-632
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; bulk density; burning; calcium; cations; fermentation; fires; forests; growing season; leachates; leaching; magnesium; mineral soils; nitrates; nitrification; nitrogen dioxide; nutrient content; organic carbon; overland flow; permeability; potassium; shrubs; sodium; spring; stems; storms; tree and stand measurements; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Annual spring burns were applied for 1 to 3 years on a 25 to 50% slope in an oak-hickory forest (Quercus—Carya) in southwestern Wisconsin. Overland flow and sedimentation did not increase, although no severe storms occurred during the study. Fires of light to moderate intensities, consumed most of the fresh litter and sometimes all of the fermentation layer. Mean weight of litter plus fermentation ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100030042x

27. Polycations and Their Complexes : Part I. The Influence of Simple Anions on the Binding of Anionic Dyes to Cellulosic Polycations

Author:
B. Courtney; J. B. Lawton
Source:
Textile research journal v.47 no.8 pp. 530-534
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
anions; bromides; cations; cellulose; chlorides; color; dyes; fabrics; iodides; methyl orange; reflectance spectroscopy; sulfates; textile fibers; wool
Abstract:
... Free-energy changes have been determined for the binding of the anionic dyes Orange II and Methyl Orange to diethylaminoethyl cellulose and triethylaminoethyl cellulose. These polycations resemble wool and other natural polycations in some respects. It is shown, however, that the Gilbert-Rideal theory is not satisfactory for cellulosic polycations, and alternative treatments are given. It was foun ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051757704700805

28. Quantitative Relationships Among Nutrients Leached From Soils

Author:
G. L. Terman
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1977 v.41 no.5 pp. 935-940
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
acid soils; anions; bicarbonates; calcium; cations; leachates; leaching; magnesium; nitrates; nutrients; potassium; regression analysis; sodium
Abstract:
... This study was undertaken in an attempt to quantify relationships among anions (An) and cations (Cat) leached from soils. Several sets of published data on leaching of ions from acid and nonacid soils were evaluated by linear regression calculations based on the chemical equivalency of Σ Cat and Σ An leached. Calcium, Mg, K, and Na comprised most of Σ Cat, and NO₃, SO₄, and Cl, most of Σ An. Bicar ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050026x

29. The Movement of Sewage Effluent through Soil Columns: The Major Ions (Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO4)

Author:
E. De Jong
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1978 v.7 no.1 pp. 133-136
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
A horizons; B horizons; C horizons; anions; calcium; cations; chlorides; clay; leachates; loamy sand soils; magnesium; microirrigation; potassium; sewage effluent; sodium; soil solution; sulfates; temperature
Abstract:
... Sewage effluent was leached through columns of the A, B, and C horizons of a loamy sand, and the A horizon of a clay. Neither temperature (7, 13, or 18°C) nor method of application (flood or trickle irrigation) affected the passage of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate ions. The breakthrough curves differed considerably from theoretical curves. The anions appeared much earlier in th ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010027x

30. Application de l'électrodialyse à l'élimination de certains composants du jus de raisin et du vin essais de laboratoire

Author:
Rémy Audinos; Jean-Pierre Roson; Claude Jouret
Source:
OENO One 1979 v.13 no.3 pp. 229-239
ISSN:
2494-1271
Subject:
anions; cations; electrodialysis; methodology; raisins; white wines
Abstract:
... Des essais d'électrodialyse effectués en laboratoire sur des solutions synthétiques puis sur un vin blanc ont montré que la concentration c des principaux cations et anions du vin, évolue, en fonction du temps de traitement selon la loi générale : c = cO exp (-wt), dans laquelle w est une constante de vitesse qui dépend de la composition du milieu et des caractéristiques de l'appareillage. La conn ...
DOI:
10.20870/oeno-one.1979.13.3.1402

31. Cadmium-enriched Sewage Sludge Application to Acid and Calcareous Soils: Relation Between Treatment, Cadmium in Saturation Extracts, and Cadmium Uptake

Author:
R. J. Mahler; F. T. Bingham; Garrison Sposito; A. L. Page
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1980 v.9 no.3 pp. 359-364
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; Zea mays; acid soils; anions; cadmium; calcareous soils; cations; chard; chemical analysis; containers; copper; corn; harvest date; nickel; sewage sludge; soil pH; sweetcorn; tomatoes; zinc
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil pH on the availability of saturation-extract Cd. Four acid and four calcareous soils were treated with a uniform amount of sewage sludge enriched with different amounts of CdSO₄ to yield soil Cd concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 160 µg Cd/g of sludge-amended soils. These treated soils were placed in plastic containers and cropped for ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900030006x

32. Effect of cations, anions and salt concentrations on oviposition by trichogramma pretiosum in wax eggs

Author:
NETTLES, WILLIAM C. Jr.; MORRISON, RICHARD K.; XIE, ZHONG-NENG; BALL, DEBRA; SHENKIR, CYNDY A.; VINSON, S. BRADLEIGH
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1983 v.33 no.3 pp. 283-289
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Trichogramma pretiosum; anions; aqueous solutions; calcium; cations; chlorides; eggs; magnesium; oviposition; potassium; sulfates
Abstract:
... K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄ ²- were important components eliciting oviposition by Trichogramma pretiosum in aqueous solutions in wax eggs. Ca²⁺ inhibited oviposition in a KCl-MgSO₄ solution. The solutions most active in stimulating oviposition were 124.7-36.5 and 83.1-24.3 mM, respectively, of KCl-MgSO₄. ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03270.x

33. Stream Water Quality of Two Small Watersheds as Affected by Surface Coal Mining

Author:
W. A. Dick; J. V. Bonta; F. Haghiri; J. R. Page
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1983 v.12 no.3 pp. 351-358
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
anions; antimony; arsenic; cadmium; cations; chromium; coal; copper; cyanides; lead; limestone; manganese; mercury; pH; phenols; phosphorus; sandstone; shale; silver; streams; sulfides; surface mining; total suspended solids; water quality; watersheds; zinc; Ohio
Abstract:
... Two small watersheds in eastcentral Ohio were selected for investigation of stream water quality prior to, during, and after surface coal mining and reclamation. Watershed C06 contained sandstone and shale overburden, and Watershed M09 contained limestone, sandstone, and shale. Water quality was monitored by measuring 39 parameters in the stream-water samples collected. Duration curves for the fou ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1983.00472425001200030011x

34. Computerized Scheme for Chemical Classification of Natural Waters and Soil Extracts

Author:
P. Held; A. Maianu
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1984 v.48 no.6 pp. 1456-1458
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; cations; hydrochemistry; soil; soil chemistry
Abstract:
... A classification triangle (similar to the USDA textural one) is often used to define the chemical classes of water based on anionic and/or cationic composition. The method is laborious. A SAS³ program was developed to do the work rapidly and with high precision. The program was designed for anionic composition, and may be used for cations by changing certain variables. ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800060051x

35. The Effect of Chloride on the Availability of Cadmium

Author:
F. T. Bingham; Garrison Sposito; J. E. Strong
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1984 v.13 no.1 pp. 71-74
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; anions; cadmium; calcium chloride; cations; greenhouse experimentation; indicator species; leaves; nitrates; pH; regression analysis; soil salinity; soil solution; sulfates
Abstract:
... Cadmium complexes readily with chloride and sulfate; hence, increases in soil salinity may influence its availability. To evaluate the effect of chlorinity, a major component of soil salinity, the following study was undertaken. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris Cicla) as the biological indicator of available Cd in soil at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0 and treated with thre ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300010013x

36. Salt Accumulation in the Rivers of North Dakota

Author:
A. Maianu
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1985 v.14 no.2 pp. 211-217
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
anions; cations; chemical composition; electrical conductivity; river water; rivers; salinity; sodium adsorption ratio; topography; watersheds; North Dakota
Abstract:
... Chemical determinations on over 9000 water samples collected from 83 rivers and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1949 and 1982 were used to establish the patterns of salt accumulation in North Dakota rivers. The concentrations of the principal anions, cations, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were related with the total salinity (electrical conductivity, EC) of each water sample. So ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400020012x

37. The Effect of Root Temperature and Nitrate/Ammonium Ratio on Strawberry Plants. II. Nitrogen Uptake, Mineral Ions, and Carboxylate Concentrations

Author:
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann; U. Kafkafi
Source:
Agronomy journal 1985 v.77 no.6 pp. 835-840
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Fragaria ananassa; nutrient uptake; root zone temperature; nitrogen fertilizers; carboxylic acids; anions; cations; minerals
Abstract:
... Strawberry plants (Fragaria ananasa Duch.) have shallow roots and are grown in the field during both hot and cold seasons. The possibility of irrigating and fertilizing the plants daily, through the trickle system, led to the question of what is the best nitrogen form and NO⁻₃/NH+₄ ratios to be supplied to this crop during the growing season. The effect of four root temperatures (10, 17, 25 and 32 ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700060003x

38. pH Buffering in Forest Soil Organic Horizons: Relevance to Acid Precipitation

Author:
Bruce R. James; Susan J. Riha
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1986 v.15 no.3 pp. 229-234
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
acid deposition; acidification; aluminum; anions; calcium; calcium nitrate; calcium sulfate; cations; copper; forest litter; forest soils; iron; leaching; magnesium; manganese; organic acids and salts; organic horizons; pH; potassium; protonation; protons; solubility; sulfuric acid; zinc; New York
Abstract:
... Samples of organic surface horizons (Oi, Oe, Oa) from New York State forest soils were equilibrated with 0 to 20 cmol HNO₃ kg⁻¹ soil in the laboratory by a batch technique designed to simulate reactions of acid precipitation with forest floors. Each organic horizon retained a constant percentage of added H⁺ (67–96%) regardless of quantity added, and buffer capacities of the samples ranged from 18 ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500030005x

39. Calcite Supersaturation in Soils as a Result of Organic Matter Mineralization

Author:
C. Amrhein; D. L. Suarez
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1987 v.51 no.4 pp. 932-937
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Glycine max; Medicago sativa; alfalfa; anions; batch systems; bicarbonates; calcite; calcium; carbon dioxide; cations; citric acid; glucosamine; glucose; glucuronic acid; inositols; laboratory experimentation; mineralization; organic matter; roots; shoots; sodium citrate; soil; soybeans
Abstract:
... Solutions equilibrated with soils under laboratory conditions often exhibit Ca²⁺ and CO²⁻₃ activities that exceed calcite saturation. This supersaturation has been attributed to various possibilities, none of which have been fully able to explain the phenomenon. In this study we report on the attainment of calcite supersaturation in calcite + water + organic matter systems under controlled CO₂ con ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040020x

40. Plant Phenolic Acids in Soils: A Comparison of Extraction Procedures

Author:
Barry R. Dalton; Sterling B. Weed; Udo Blum
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1987 v.51 no.6 pp. 1515-1521
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
A horizons; B horizons; EDTA (chelating agent); Hapludults; allelopathy; anions; cations; ferulic acid; high performance liquid chromatography; methanol; sodium acetate; sodium hydroxide; soil sterilization; steam; water solubility
Abstract:
... Plant phenolic acids have been found in plants and soils and some evidence suggests their involvement in biochemical interactions between plants (allelopathy) and organisms living in the soil. This study was conducted to compare the more common extraction procedures used in the recovery of water-soluble phenolic acids from soil. Various extraction procedures were employed in the recovery of feruli ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060020x

41. Sample volume effect on determination of soil salinity

Author:
El-Araby, A.M.; Warrick, A.W.; Tucker, T.C.
Source:
Communications in soil science and plant analysis 1987 v.18 no.5 pp. 593-599
ISSN:
0010-3624
Subject:
arid soils; soil salinity; soil analysis; anions; cations; electrical conductivity; sampling; volume; Arizona
DOI:
10.1080/00103628709367843

42. Speciation of Trace Inorganic Contaminants in Plants and Bioavailability to Animals: An Overview

Author:
D. A. Cataldo; R. E. Wildung; T. R. Garland
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1987 v.16 no.4 pp. 289-295
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
amino acids; animals; anions; bioavailability; cadmium; cations; chemical reduction; food chain; intestinal absorption; iron; metabolism; metabolites; molecular weight; nickel; peptides; plants (botany); pollutants; proteins; selenium; sulfur; xylem
Abstract:
... The movement of both essential and pollutant trace elements through agricultural food chains is a complex problem, influenced in part by plant-mediated changes in trace element speciation that may alter the rate and extent of gastrointestinal absorption after ingestion of plant tissues by animals. An overview is provided of a series of investigations undertaken to describe the processes governing ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040001x

43. Sulfate and Gypsum Determination in Saline Soils

Author:
R. L. Skarie; J. L. Arndt; J. L. Richardson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1987 v.51 no.4 pp. 901-905
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Calciaquolls; anions; calcium; cations; gypsum; instrumentation; ion exchange chromatography; saline soils; sulfates; Great Plains region; North Dakota
Abstract:
... Despite advances in instrumentation for direct determination of SO²⁻₄, many investigators analyzing saline soils continue to estimate SO²⁻₄ by difference between the sums of major cations and anions and to measure gypsum by methods that avoid direct SO²⁻₄ determination. The present study compares SO²⁻₄ in saturation extracts as estimated by difference with SO²⁻₄ measured by single-column ion chrom ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040012x

44. Annual Elemental Input/Output Estimates for Two Forested Watersheds in Eastern Tennessee

Author:
J. M. Kelly
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1988 v.17 no.3 pp. 463-468
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
anions; calcium; cations; chemical bases; coal; dry deposition; elevated atmospheric gases; forested watersheds; magnesium; nitrates; potassium; protons; sodium; stream flow; streams; sulfates; Tennessee
Abstract:
... Atmospheric inputs of SO²⁻₄, NO⁻₃, PO³⁻₄, NH⁺₄, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and H⁺ via wet and dry deposition were compared to stream water outputs at two study sites, Camp Branch and Cross Creek, during the period 1978 to 1983. The Cross Creek site is located 19 km from a major coal-fired point source and has been subjected to approximately 30 yr of elevated atmospheric input while Camp Branch is located in ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700030020x

45. Solubility Relationships of Zinc Associated with Acid Mine Drainage

Author:
K.J. Reddy; Patrick J. Sullivan; Jennifer L. Yelton
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1988 v.17 no.4 pp. 712-714
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
acid mine drainage; anions; cations; environmental hazards; filtrates; humidity; iron; leachates; oil shale; oxidation; pH; pyrite; solubility; zinc
Abstract:
... Acid mine drainage, produced from the oxidation of iron-sulfides, often contains elevated levels of dissolved Zn. To predict environmental hazards, it is important to understand the solubility relationships of Zn associated with acid mine drainage. Two eastern oil shales were leached under aerobic unsaturated environments using the humidity cell method. This study used a New Albany Shale (unweathe ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040032x

46. The Effects of Leaching and Whole-tree Harvesting on Cation Budgets of Several Forests

Author:
D. W. Johnson; J. M. Kelly; W. T. Swank; D. W. Cole; H. Van Miegroet; J. W. Hornbeck; R. S. Pierce; D. Van Lear
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1988 v.17 no.3 pp. 418-424
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Ultisols; acid deposition; adsorption; anions; calcium; cations; chemical bases; ecosystems; forests; harvesting; leaching; soil solution; sulfates; whole tree harvesting; Maine; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... The effects of acid deposition, natural leaching, and harvesting on base cation export from forests in Maine, Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Washington were compared. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that base cation export via whole-tree harvesting (WTH) would be nearly independent of soil exchangeable base cation supplies; base cation export via leaching would be str ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700030012x

47. Atmospheric Deposition and Ionic Concentrations in Forest Soils of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan

Author:
Robert Stottlemyer; David G. Hanson
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1989 v.53 no.1 pp. 270-274
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Betula papyrifera; Picea glauca; Populus tremuloides; anions; atmospheric deposition; calcium; cations; coniferous forests; conifers; forest canopy; forest soils; hardwood forests; leaching; magnesium; national parks; nitrates; pH; potassium; protons; sodium; soil ecosystems; soil solution; sulfates; throughfall; Michigan
Abstract:
... A 64-wk study of throughfall and soil solution was conducted on five ecosystem strata in Isle Royale National Park, MI, to examine the fate of atmospheric ionic inputs in mature boreal conifer and hardwood forests. Volume-weighted pH of bulk precipitation was 4.65. Weighted bulk throughfall pH was 4.6 under spruce [Picea glauca (Muench) A. Voss] and 5.2 under aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux)-bi ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300010049x

48. Characterization of Inhibitory Substances of Tall Fescue on Birdsfoot Trefoil

Author:
K. T. Luu; A. G. Matches; C. J. Nelson; E. J. Peters; G. B. Garner
Source:
Crop science 1989 v.29 no.2 pp. 407-412
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Lotus corniculatus; phytotoxins; seed germination; Festuca arundinacea; fractionation; succinic acid; cations; allelopathy; paper chromatography; anions; growth retardation; gas chromatography; lactic acid
Abstract:
... Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is known to inhibit the growth of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seedlings, but the inhibitors have not been identified. Our objectives were to characterize and identify these inhibitory substances. Water extracts of tall fescue herbage were fractionated into anion, cation, and neutral fractions. Paper and gas-liquid chromatography were used to ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900020034x

49. Dynamics of Evaporite Distribution in Soils on a Fan-Playa Transect in the Carrizo Plain, California

Author:
M. K. Eghbal; R. J. Southard; L. D. Whittig
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1989 v.53 no.3 pp. 898-903
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
anions; calcium; cations; dry season; groundwater; gypsum; lakes; leaching; magnesium; playas; potassium; salt concentration; sodium; soil; solubility; California
Abstract:
... Investigation of the distribution and dynamics of evaporites along an alluvial fan-playa transect in the Carrizo Plain, CA, shows that the overall salt concentration increases toward the center of the playa. Within profiles along the transect, the highest salt concentrations are found in the lower part of profiles. Sodium, K, Mg, Cl, and SO₄ concentrations increase along the transect toward Soda L ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030044x

50. Partial Stabilization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Induced by a Clay Mineral

Author:
P. Piazzolla
Source:
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 1989 v.124 no.2 pp. 97-100
ISSN:
0931-1785
Subject:
Cucumber mosaic virus; absorption; anions; cations; clay; lakes; plant viruses; rivers; sediments; vermiculite
Abstract:
... In recent years several reports have been published on the presence of infective plant viruses in the waters of rivers and lakes. Among them, it is interesting the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). To explain the reasons of the survival of this virus in conditions surely not optimal for its stability, the existence of a stabilization effect was hypothesized because of the sediments present ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0434.1989.tb04900.x

51. Donnan Approach to Equilibrium Sorption: Influence of Electrolytes on Dyeing of Dralon X-100 with CI Basic Blue 3

Author:
G. Alberghina; S. Fisichella; S. Occhipinti
Source:
Textile research journal 1990 v.60 no.9 pp. 501-507
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
ammonium sulfate; anions; cations; dyes; fabrics; salt concentration; sorption; textile fibers
Abstract:
... We have investigated the effects of various electrolytes at different concentrations . on dyeing equilibria of CI basic blue 3 with Dralon X-100, interpreting the data with the Donnan approach. We have tried to separate the contribution of the cations and anions in the electrolytes. The results indicate that both cations and anions have independent effects on dye sorption. With increasing salt con ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051759006000902

52. Internal and External Proton Load to Forest Soils in Northern Germany

Author:
M. Bredemeier; E. Matzner; B. Ulrich
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1990 v.19 no.3 pp. 469-477
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
acid deposition; acidity; aluminum; anions; canopy; carbonic acid; cations; dissociation; experimental forests; forest soils; nitrates; nitrification; nitrogen; organic acids and salts; organic matter; protons; seepage; silicates; terrestrial ecosystems; throughfall; weathering; German Federal Republic; Germany
Abstract:
... Both external and internal proton sources contribute to total H⁺ load of the soil in terrestrial ecosystems. The most important internal net proton production (INP) processes are (a) accumulation of a surplus of inorganic cations over anions in organic matter, (b) net production and protolysis of organic acids, (c) dissociation of carbonic acid from root and decomposer respiration, (d) net nitrifi ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030019x

53. Lysimeter and Centrifuge Soil Solutions: Seasonal Differences between Methods

Author:
D. Zabowski; F. C. Ugolini
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1990 v.54 no.4 pp. 1130-1135
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Spodosols; aluminum; anions; cations; centrifugation; lysimeters; lysimetry; seasonal variation; silicon; soil solution; soil water; summer; winter
Abstract:
... Lysimetry and centrifugation were compared as variable-tension (centrifugation) and low-tension (lysimetry) soil-solution collection methods. Low-tension lysimetry and low- and high-speed centrifugation with double-bottom cups were used to collect soil solutions from each major horizon of a subalpine Spodosol. Solution samples were collected monthly and compared throughout a 1-yr period. Few seaso ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040035x

54. Measurement of Calcite Ion Activity Products in Soils

Author:
K. J. Reddy; W. L. Lindsay; S. M. Workman; J. I. Drever
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1990 v.54 no.1 pp. 67-71
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
alkalinity; anions; bicarbonates; calcite; calcium; carbon dioxide; carbonates; cations; dissolved organic carbon; electrical conductivity; electrodes; hydrochloric acid; pH; sodium hydroxide; soil; titration
Abstract:
... Soils often show supersaturation with respect to calcite. This study was undertaken to test alternative methods of measuring Ca²⁺ and CO²⁻₃ activities to assess their effects on measured ion-activity products (IAP) of calcite in soils. Soils were reacted with atmospheric CO₂(g) and distilled H₂O for 1, 3, and 7 d. The soil extracts were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cations, anion ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400010010x

55. Anionic Effects on Potassium Reactions in Variable-Charge Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils

Author:
M. C. Sadusky; D. L. Sparks
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1991 v.55 no.2 pp. 371-375
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Hapludults; adsorption; anions; cations; coastal plain soils; loamy sand soils; pH; perchlorates; potassium; variable charge; Delaware
Abstract:
... To better understand the role anions play in the rate of cation adsorption, the effect of anions on K mobility, retention, and rate of K reactions in two variable-charge Atlantic Coastal Plain soils was investigated. The soils studied were a Rumford loamy sand (coarseloamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) and a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult). The effects of ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500020012x

56. Chemical Effects of Repeated Equilibrations of Variable-Charge Soils with Phosphogypsum Solution

Author:
A. K. Alva; M. E. Sumner; W. P. Miller
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1991 v.55 no.2 pp. 357-361
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
B horizons; Kanhapludults; acid soils; acidity; aluminum; anions; calcium; calcium sulfate; cation exchange capacity; cations; pH; phosphogypsum; prediction; soil solution; soil water content; sorption; subsoil; variable charge soils; woodland soils; woodlands
Abstract:
... Surface applications of gypsum or phosphogypsum (PG) to acid soils have resulted in improved crop growth as a result of amelioration of subsoil acidity; however, the mechanism involved is not clearly understood. The effects of repeated equilibrations of soils with PG solution on soil solution and extractable ion composition were investigated in this study. Cultivated and woodland Cecil Bt horizon ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500020009x

57. The Mobile Anion Concept—Time for a Reappraisal?

Author:
W. H. Hendershot; P. Warfvinge; F. Courchesne; H.U. Sverdrup
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1991 v.20 no.3 pp. 505-509
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
acid deposition; anions; cations; ecosystems; nitrates; protons; soil; sulfates; surface water
Abstract:
... The mobile anion concept has been used to support the argument that acid precipitation, containing elevated concentrations of nitrate and sulfate, is acidifying soils and surface waters. We believe that so much attention has been focused on the behavior of the strong acid anions that the effect of other important processes has, in some cases, been obscured. The emphasis, we believe, should be plac ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000030001x

58. Characterization of the epidermis from barley primary leaves. II. The role of the epidermis in ion compartmentation

Author:
Dietz, K.J.; Schramm, M.; Lang, B.; Lanzl-Schramm, A.; Durr, C.; Martinoia, E.
Source:
Planta 1992 v.187 no.4 pp. 431-437
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; leaves; protoplasts; seedlings; anions; cations; growing media; ion transport; plant physiology; salt tolerance
Abstract:
... The cation and anion distribution between the epidermis and mesophyll of primary leaves of 10-d-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings was studied in relation to growth conditions. A new method was employed to isolate epidermal protoplasts. The following observations were made: (i) Under standard hydroponic growth conditions, K+ was the dominant cation and NO3(-1) the predominant anion, both in ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00199960
PubMed:
24178136

59. Confining unit effects on water quality in the New Jersey Coastal Plain

Author:
Pucci, A.A. Jr.; Ehlke, T.A.; Owens, J.P.
Source:
Ground water 1992 v.30 no.3 pp. 415-427
ISSN:
0017-467X
Subject:
aquifers; groundwater; water quality; coastal plains; sulfate-reducing bacteria; anions; cations; New Jersey
Abstract:
... Sediment and pore-water samples from Tertiary and Cretaceous strata in the New Jersey Coastal Plain were collected from cores from Freehold Township, Monmouth County; Howell Township, Monmouth County; and from Clayton Township, Gloucester County. These strata form a multilayered aquifer system in which upper units are marine origin and lower units are predominantly nonmarine. Concentrations of maj ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb02010.x

60. Effects of Sewage Sludge Cadmium Concentration on Chemical Extractability and Plant Uptake

Author:
Jung Jing; Terry J. Logan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1992 v.21 no.1 pp. 73-81
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor; Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii; Udipsamments; aboveground biomass; anions; application rate; cadmium; calcium nitrate; cations; chemical speciation; food chain; hybrids; loamy sand soils; pot culture; risk; sand; sewage sludge
Abstract:
... Seventeen anaerobically digested sludges of widely varying total Cd contents were used to test the hypothesis that, at a fixed Cd application rate, plant uptake of the metal is proportional to Cd concentration in the sludge. Proof of this hypothesis would support the concept of a “clean” sludge as a mechanism for reducing risk of food-chain contamination by sludge Cd. The sludges varied in total C ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100010011x

61. Peanut peroxidase and the anionic component

Author:
O'Donnell, J.P.; Van Huystee, R.B.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1992 v.70 no.6 pp. 1131-1133
ISSN:
1480-3305
Subject:
cations; peroxidases; anions; Arachis hypogaea; isozymes; culture media; cell suspension culture
DOI:
10.1139/b92-139

62. Predicting Removal of Major Soil Cations and Anions during Acid Infiltration: Model Evaluation

Author:
L. A. Gaston; R. S. Mansell; H. M. Selim
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1992 v.56 no.3 pp. 944-950
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Kanhapludults; Quartzipsamments; acid deposition; acid soils; aluminum; anions; calcium; cation exchange; cations; empirical models; gibbsite; leachates; magnesium; model validation; pH; prediction; soil acidification; solubility; solutes; water flow
Abstract:
... Models for the effects of acid deposition on soil acidification generally have not been adequately validated, especially under conditions of simultaneous water flow. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of a simple model for soil acidification and solute transport to describe changes in solution- and sorbed-phase compositions of acid soil subjected to inputs of H ion. Columns o ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600030043x

63. Tetramethylthioharnstoff als Ligand in Übergangsmetallkomplexen: Redoxsubstitutionen mit dem Dithiobis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium)-Kation Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von [Fe(SR)L₃]⁺BPh₄⁻, [FeL₄]²⁺BPh₄⁻)₂ und [RuCₗ₂(CO)₂L2] (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr₃C₆H₂; L = SC(NMe₂)₂) / Tetramethylthiourea as Ligand in Transition Metal Complexes:. Redox Substitution Reactions with the Dithiobis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium) Cation Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [Fe(SR)L₃]⁺BPh₄⁻, [FeL₄]²⁺(BPh₄⁻)₂ and [RuCl₂(CO)₂L2] (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr₃C₆H₂; L = SC(NMₑ₂)₂)

Author:
Ulrich Bierbach; Walter Barklage; Wolfgang Saak; Siegfried Pohl
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 1992 v.47 no.11 pp. 1593-1601
ISSN:
1865-7117
Subject:
anions; cations; chemical bonding; crystal structure; iron; ligands; oxidation; ruthenium; salts; thiourea
Abstract:
... The oxidation of tetramethylthiourea (SC(NMe₂)₂,L) with HC1/H₂O₂ yields dithiobis-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylformamidinium)dichloride, [{SC(NMe₂)₂}₂]²⁺Cl₂ (1). Anions in 1 can be easily exchanged by tetraphenylborate to give [{SC(NMe₂)₂}₂]²⁺(BPh₄⁻)₂ (2). The reaction of the neutral complex [Fe(SR)₂L₂] (3) (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr₃C₆H₂) with 2 results in either partial or complete oxidation of the thiolate ligands ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1992-1113

64. The haemolymph plasma composition of adults, pupae, and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and development of physiological saline solutions

Author:
Pelletier, Y.; Clark, C.L.
Source:
Canadian entomologist 1992 v.124 no.6 pp. 945-949
ISSN:
0008-347X
Subject:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata; hemolymph; pH; anions; cations; larvae; pupae; solutions; osmotic pressure
DOI:
10.4039/Ent124945-6

65. Diatom Community Structure Along Physicochemical Gradients in Saline Lakes

Author:
Dean W. Blinn
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.4 pp. 1246-1263
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; anions; carbonates; cations; chlorides; cluster analysis; community structure; ecosystems; habitats; lakes; latitude; pH; seawater; sodium; species diversity; sulfates; North America
Abstract:
... Relationships between diatom assemblages and physiocochemical factors were examined in 63 saline lakes in western North America. Sodium was the overwhelmingly dominant cation in the lakes examined; lakes above 47° latitude were dominated by SO₄ — ², and lakes below 47° were dominated by CO₃ — ² and Cl— ¹. This latitudinal gradient for anions was correlated with the distribution and community struc ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940494

66. Dispersion and Aggregation of Soils as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Polymers and Inorganic Polymers

Author:
Baohua Gu; Harvey E. Doner
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1993 v.57 no.3 pp. 709-716
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aggregate stability; anions; cations; clay; colloids; dispersants; dispersibility; flocculants; humic acids; hydraulic conductivity; ionic strength; leaching; pH; polymers; polysaccharides; soil aggregates; soil aggregation; soil organic matter
Abstract:
... In this study, the influences of three organic polyanions (a soil humic acid, a soil polysaccharide, and a commercial anionic polysaccharide) and hydroxy-Al polycations (Al-p) on soil clay dispersion, aggregation, and subsequently hydraulic conductivity were investigated. It was found that the organic polyanions, especially humic acid, were not flocculating agents, but were effective dispersing ag ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700030014x

67. Nutrient Uptake and Organic Acid Anion Metabolism in Lupins and Peas Supplied with Nitrate

Author:
Loss, S.P.; Robson, A.D.; Ritchie, G.S.P.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.74 no.1 pp. 69-74
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
metabolism; organic acids and salts; excretion; cations; nutrient uptake; anions; roots; nitrates
Abstract:
... Unlike many plants reported in the literature, lupins do not excrete OH⁻ in amounts equivalent to the net excess of inorganic anion uptake over inorganic cation uptake. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of charge balance, nutrient uptake and organic anion accumulation of lupins and peas supplied with a range of NO₃⁻ concentrations, were compared. Lupins absorbed less NO₃⁻ t ...
DOI:
10.1093/aob/74.1.69
PubMed:
19700464

68. Replacement of nitrate by ammonium as the nitrogen source increases the salt sensitivity of pea plants. I. Ion concentrations in roots and leaves

Author:
Speer, M.; Brune, A.; Kaiser, W.M.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1994 v.17 no.11 pp. 1215-1221
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
plant nutrition; phytotoxicity; free amino acids; nutrient availability; cations; ammonium compounds; anions; leaves; sodium chloride; sodium; chemical constituents of plants; Pisum sativum; biological resistance; roots; nitrates; plant proteins
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02019.x

69. Replacement of nitrate by ammonium as the nitrogen source increases the salt sensitivity of pea plants. II. Inter- and intracellular solute compartmentation in leaflets

Author:
Speer, M.; Kaiser, W.M.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1994 v.17 no.11 pp. 1223-1231
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
chloroplasts; plant nutrition; phytotoxicity; nutrient availability; cations; ammonium compounds; solutes; anions; leaves; sodium chloride; sodium; biological resistance; Pisum sativum; mesophyll; nitrates
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02020.x

70. Solute content and energy status of roots of barley plants cultivated at different pH on nitrate‐ or ammonium‐nitrogen

Author:
BARBARA LANG; WERNER M. KAISER
Source:
new phytologist 1994 v.128 no.3 pp. 451-459
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
adenine; ammonium nitrogen; Hordeum vulgare; seedlings; carbohydrates; nucleotides; cations; ion transport; amino acids; anions; nitrates; diurnal variation; soil pH; chemical constituents of plants; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare cv. ‘Gaulois’) were precultured hydroponically for 4d on nutrient solutions with nitrate (3 mM) as N‐source at pH 4.7, and were then transferred to solutions with ammonium or nitrate as N‐source (3 mM), buffered and adjusted to different pH (4.0, 5.5, 6.8). Variations in shoot and root growth and solute contents were examined and grouped into pH‐effects, ammonium ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02991.x

71. A canopy budget model to assess atmospheric deposition from throughfall measurements

Author:
Draaijers, G.P.J.; Erisman, J.W.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.4 pp. 2253-2258
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
pollutants; air pollution; anions; cations; canopy; forests; throughfall; rain; leaching; simulation models; dry deposition; ion exchange; Netherlands
DOI:
10.1007/BF01186169

72. Acidic deposition, ecosystem processes, and nitrogen saturation in a high elevation Southern Appalachian watershed

Author:
Nodvin, S.C.; Van Miegroet, H.; Lindberg, S.E.; Nicholas, N.S.; Johnson, D.W.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1647-1652
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
air pollution; acid deposition; nitrogen; sulfur; coniferous forests; Picea rubens; Abies fraseri; soil pollution; forest soils; polluted soils; streams; runoff; surface water; water quality; nitrates; cations; anions; acidification; water pollution; watersheds; national parks; rain; throughfall; calcium; North Carolina; Tennessee
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477216

73. Adenosine diphosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activities of maize tonoplast-enriched vesicles

Author:
Hsu, A.F.; Brauer, D.; Tu, S.I.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 1995 v.18 no.8 pp. 1637-1647
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
Zea mays; hydrogen ions; adenosine diphosphate; ion transport; cations; adenosine triphosphate; enzyme inhibitors; anions; nitrates; hydrolysis; tonoplast; proton pump; enzyme activity; roots; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... Microsomal fraction enriched with tonoplast vesicles was obtained from maize root (Zea mays L. FRB 73) by sucrose step gradient centrifugation. The vesicles contained an adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activity as determined by the hydrolysis of Mg-ADP. The ADPase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of the fraction have different sensitivities toward several modifiers. ADPase activity was not s ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904169509365009

74. Analysis of temporal environmental isotopic variation in ground water of the Georgia Piedmont

Author:
Rose, S.
Source:
Ground water 1995 v.33 no.4 pp. 644-652
ISSN:
0017-467X
Subject:
groundwater; water quality; oxygen; stable isotopes; tritium; anions; cations; aquifers; seasonal variation; total dissolved solids; Georgia
Abstract:
... Time-series analyses were made of environmental tritium (3H) concentrations, the stable oxygen isotopic (delta 18 O) and major-ion composition of natural waters from the southeastern Piedmont Province of Georgia. The sampling network consisted of four fractured rock production wells (utilized at variable rates), one regolith monitoring well, two streams, and rainfall. Although the isotopic composi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00320.x

75. Change in the acid-base status of an Appalachian mountain catchment following forest defoliation by the gypsy moth

Author:
Webb, J.R.; Cosby, B.J.; Deviney, F.A. Jr.; Eshleman, K.N.; Galloway, J.N.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.2 pp. 535-540
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
watersheds; streams; water quality; acidification; anions; cations; sulfates; nitrates; hydrogen ions; acidity; Lymantria dispar; defoliation; deciduous forests; national parks; Virginia
DOI:
10.1007/BF00476884

76. Changes in the chemical composition of water percolating through the soil profile in a moderately polluted catchment

Author:
Laskowski, R.; Maryanski, M.; Niklinska, M.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1759-1764
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
throughfall; soil pollution; soil solution; water quality; stemflow; biogeochemistry; heavy metals; cations; pollutants; watersheds; anions; streams; forest soils; soil profiles; runoff; air pollution; polluted soils; Poland
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477234

77. Chemical composition of xylem sap of tomato grown on bicarbonate containing medium

Author:
Bialczyk, J.; Lechowski, Z.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 1995 v.18 no.10 pp. 2005-2021
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; nutrient solutions; carbon; anions; xylem; sap; cations; potassium; nutrient content; mineral content; nitrates; nitrogen content; malic acid; maleic acid; citric acid; free amino acids
Abstract:
... Incorporation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) by the roots of tomato seedlings resulted in an increase in biomass production and changed the chemical composition of xylem sap. In the xylem sap of seedlings grown on a medium enriched with HCO3(-) (5.68 mM dm-3, series II) compared with the control (series I) the element content increased by about 27% and 33% for cations and anions, respectively. Potassium w ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904169509365040

78. Chemical input/output balance for moderately polluted forest catchment in southern Poland

Author:
Niklinska, M.; Maryanski, M.; Szarek, G.; Laskowski, R.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1771-1776
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
stemflow; heavy metals; cations; watersheds; forest soils; polluted soils; throughfall; soil pollution; weathering; soil chemistry; anions; runoff; water quality; acid deposition; leaching; pollutants; biogeochemistry; acidification; mixed forests; streams; rain; air pollution; Poland
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477236

79. Covered catchment experiment at Gardsjon: changes in runoff chemistry after four years of experimentally reduced acid deposition

Author:
Moldan, F.; Hultberg, H.; Andersson, I.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1599-1604
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
irrigation water; throughfall; water quality; soil pollution; acid deposition; sulfates; calcium; cations; magnesium; Picea abies; anions; aluminum; potassium; forest soils; runoff; polluted soils; Sweden
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477209

80. Ecological studies in the Ratanica catchment (Carpathian Foothills, S Poland)--an overview

Author:
Grodzinska, K.; Szarek, G.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1635-1640
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
air pollution; watersheds; mixed forests; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; soil pollution; polluted soils; forest soils; biogeochemistry; cations; anions; soil chemistry; leaching; environmental impact; indicator species; lichens; Pinus sylvestris; phytotoxicity; Poland
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477214

81. Effect of acid deposition on forested catchment in the western Tokyo, Japan

Author:
Baba, M.; Okazaki, M.; Hashitani, T.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1215-1220
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
throughfall; Andisols; soil solution; acid deposition; sulfates; chlorides; aerosols; cations; watersheds; seawater; sodium; forest soils; anions; soil pH; air pollution; nitrates; Japan
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477147

82. Effects of divalent cations on NADH-linked electron transfer in corn root plasma membrane

Author:
Tu, S.I.; Patterson, D.; Braver, D.; Hsu, A.F.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 1995 v.18 no.5 pp. 923-936
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
Zea mays; NAD (coenzyme); copper; calcium; cations; cadmium; electron transfer; cytochrome c; anions; plasma membrane; ionic strength; roots; inorganic ions
Abstract:
... The effects of calcium (Ca2+), cadmium (Cd2+), and copper (Cu2+) cations on NADH-linked electron transfer in corn root plasma membrane vesicles were investigated. The reduction of both cytochrome c and ferricyanide were slightly stimulated by Ca2+ but not significantly affected by Cd2+. However, Cd2+ induced a redox-linked increase in light scattering suggesting an increase in the size/volume of t ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904169509364949

83. Episodic acidification of three streams in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA

Author:
Hyer, K.E.; Webb, J.R.; Eshleman, K.N.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.2 pp. 523-528
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
streams; water pollution; acidification; temporal variation; acid deposition; watershed hydrology; rain; water quality; anions; cations; watersheds; soil parent materials; air pollution; soil pollution; forests; forest soils; bedrock; Virginia
DOI:
10.1007/BF00476882

84. Extraction of Manganese from Soils with Potassium Salts

Author:
S. Tu; G. J. Racz; C. M. Cho
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1995 v.59 no.5 pp. 1280-1288
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
manganese; nutrient availability; potassium; inorganic salts; ionic strength; soil pH; acidity; cations; anions
Abstract:
... Application of KCl usually increases the solubility of soil Mn and its bioavailability, yet the mechanisms of the phenomenon are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KCl and salts such as KBr, KI, KNO₃, K₂SO₄, K₂CO₃, K₂HPO₄, KH₂PO₄, Ca(NO₃)₂, Ca diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and Cu(NO₃)₂ on the amount of Mn extracted from soils as affected by ion ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050011x

85. Ion channels in the chloroplast envelope membrane

Author:
Heiber, T.; Steinkamp, T.; Hinnah, S.; Schwarz, M.; Flugge, U.I.; Weber, A.; Wagner, R.
Source:
Biochemistry 1995 v.34 no.49 pp. 15906-15917
ISSN:
0006-2960
Subject:
adenosine triphosphate; anions; cations; chloroplasts; glutamic acid; hydrochloric acid; magnesium; pH; patch-clamp technique; potassium; potassium channels; potassium chloride; probability
Abstract:
... Isolated chloroplast envelope membranes were fused with azolectin liposomes. Ion transport across the membrane of these liposomes was investigated by the patch-clamp technique and in planar bilayers. Our results show that the chloroplast envelope contains voltage-dependent anion- and cation-selective channels as well as anion- and cation-selective pores with high conductances. At least one of the ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi00049a005
PubMed:
8519747

86. Ion mass balances for three small forested catchments in Sweden

Author:
Lofgren, S.; Kvarnas, H.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.2 pp. 529-534
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
balance studies; sulfur; acidification; soil pollution; acid deposition; nitrogen; hydrogen ions; mixed forests; coniferous forests; cations; watersheds; anions; forest soils; runoff; air pollution; polluted soils; Sweden
DOI:
10.1007/BF00476883

87. MAGIC applied to roof experiments (Risdalsheia, N; Gardsjon, S; Klosterhede, DK) to evaluate the rate of reversibility of acidification following experimentally reduced acid deposition

Author:
Beier, C.; Hultberg, H.; Moldan, F.; Wright, R.F.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1745-1751
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
cations; watersheds; forest soils; polluted soils; sulfur; throughfall; soil pollution; sulfates; soil chemistry; anions; runoff; simulation models; acid deposition; leaching; acidification; rain; aluminum; pH; air pollution; Norway; Sweden; Denmark
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477232

88. Mechanism of acid-neutralization in two Japanese watersheds

Author:
Ikeda, H.; Miyanaga, Y.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1867-1872
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
air pollution; acid deposition; soil pollution; polluted soils; watersheds; acidification; soil chemistry; weathering; anions; cations; runoff; alkalinity; groundwater recharge; buffering capacity; Japan
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477252

89. Signal transduction in leaf movement

Author:
Cote, G.G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 729-734
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; turgor; inositol phosphates; calcium; Samanea saman; ion transport; cations; biochemical pathways; enzyme inhibitors; phospholipase C; anions; potassium; shrinkage; pulvinus; light; circadian rhythm; enzyme activity; inorganic ions

90. Soil solution chemistry and element budgets of three Scots pine ecosystems along a deposition gradient in north-eastern Germany

Author:
Schaaf, W.; Weisdorfer, M.; Huettl, R.F.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1197-1202
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
soil pollution; soil solution; geographical variation; cations; pollutants; anions; forest soils; Pinus sylvestris; air pollution; polluted soils; Germany
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477144

91. Testing, improvement, and confirmation of a watershed model of acid-base chemistry

Author:
Sullivan, T.J.; Cosby, B.J.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.4 pp. 2607-2612
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
water pollution; limnology; simulation models; acidification; sulfur; soil pollution; lakes; acid deposition; water quality; soil chemistry; cations; watersheds; anions; species diversity; environmental impact; surface water; air pollution; Bacillariophyta; New York
DOI:
10.1007/BF01186227

92. The EXMAN project--biogeochemical fluxes in plantation forests on acid soils

Author:
Cummins, T.; Beier, C.; Blanck, K.; Visser, P.H.B. de.; Farrell, E.P.; Rasmussen, L.; Kreutzer, K.; Weis, W.; Bredemeier, M.; Lamersdorf, N.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1653-1658
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
sulfur dioxide; cations; forest soils; polluted soils; biogeochemical cycles; throughfall; soil pollution; soil solution; anions; acid deposition; nitrification; ammonium compounds; leaching; acidification; nitrogen; acid soils; rain; forest plantations; air pollution; Germany; Netherlands; Denmark; Irish Republic
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477217

93. The association of water chemistry variables and fish condition in streams of Shenandoah National Park (USA)

Author:
Dennis, T.E.; MacAvoy, S.E.; Steg, M.B.; Bulger, A.J.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.2 pp. 365-370
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
streams; water quality; pH; anions; cations; sulfates; indicator species; Cyprinidae; weight; length; electrical conductivity; acidification; acid deposition; air pollution; water pollution; national parks; regression analysis; principal component analysis; biological resistance; Virginia
DOI:
10.1007/BF00476856

94. The concentration of xylem sap constituents in root exudate, and in sap from intact, transpiring castor bean plants (Ricinus communis L.)

Author:
Schurr, U.; Schulze, E.D.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1995 v.18 no.4 pp. 409-420
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
Ricinus communis; xylem; root exudates; root pressure; sap; nutrient transport; cations; anions; free amino acids; organic acids and salts; abscisic acid; diurnal variation; pH
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00375.x

95. The effects of organic carbon on acid rain in a temperate forest in Japan

Author:
Inagaki, M.; Sakai, M.; Ohnuki, Y.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.4 pp. 2345-2350
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
acidity; broadleaved evergreen forests; throughfall; acid deposition; stemflow; organic compounds; cations; Cryptomeria japonica; coniferous forests; rain; anions; dissolved organic carbon; Castanopsis cuspidata; Chamaecyparis obtusa; air pollution; Japan
DOI:
10.1007/BF01186184

96. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase. A highly regulated enzyme with multiple physiological functions

Author:
Michelet, B.; Boutry, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant physiology; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; proton pump; pH; ion transport; metabolites; protein transport; anions; cations; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; plasma membrane

97. The role of organic horizons and canopy to modify the chemistry of acidic deposition in some forest ecosystems

Author:
Shibata, H.; Satoh, F.; Tanaka, Y.; Sakuma, T.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1119-1124
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
acidity; cations; forest soils; deciduous forests; throughfall; soil pollution; coniferous forests; anions; calcium; cation exchange; leaching; dry deposition; potassium; canopy; acidification; hydrogen ions; organic acids and salts; organic horizons; magnesium; rain; air pollution; Japan
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477131

98. The seasonal variation in soil water acid neutralizing capacity in peaty podzols in mid-Wales

Author:
Chapman, P.J.; Reynolds, B.; Weather, H.S.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1089-1094
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
soil solution; hydrogen ions; organic compounds; peat soils; ion exchange; cations; organic horizons; heathlands; watersheds; seasonal variation; soil water; anions; sodium; soil pH; dissolved organic carbon; B horizons; Wales
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477126

99. Throughfall and canopy buffering in three sitka spruce stands in Denmark

Author:
Pedersen, L.B.; Hansen, K.; Bille-Hansen, J.; Lober, M.; Hovmand, M.F.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1593-1598
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
canopy; throughfall; soil pollution; aerosols; cations; pollutants; leaching; coniferous forests; seawater; anions; Elatobium abietinum; defoliation; ammonium compounds; air pollution; buffering capacity; Picea sitchensis; nitrates; Denmark
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477208

100. Transmembrane potential-mediated coupling between H+ pump operation and K+ fluxes in Elodea densa leaves hyperpolarized by fusicoccin, light or acid load

Author:
Bellando, M.; Marre, M.T.; Sacco, S.; Talarico, A.; Venegoni, A.; Marre, E.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1995 v.18 no.9 pp. 963-976
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
plasma membrane; acidification; H-transporting ATPase; hydrogen ions; ion transport; active transport; cytosol; cations; fusicoccin; anions; potassium; leaves; Elodea; proton pump; light; membrane potential
Abstract:
... In isolated Elodea densa leaves, the relationships between H+ extrusion K+ fluxes and membrane potential (Em) were investigated for two different conditions of activation of the ATP-dependent H+ pump. The 'basal condition' (darkness, no pump activator present) was characterized by low values of and K+ uptake, wide variability of the K+ uptake ratio, relatively low membrane polarization and Em valu ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00607.x