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1. Comparative Investigation of Methods for Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Spike-Specific Antisera

Author:
Marie-Luise Herrlein; Sascha Hein; Tobias Zahn; Ines Mhedhbi; Jan Raupach; Younes Husria; Nuka Ivalu Benz; Jonathan Eisert; Daniela Bender; Vanessa Haberger; Florian D. Hastert; Lisa Henss; Barbara S. Schnierle; Julia C. Stingl; Michael Dreher; Eberhard Hildt
Source:
Viruses 2022 v.14 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; acute respiratory distress syndrome; antigen-antibody complex; antigen-antibody reactions; cell fusion; giant cells; neutralization; neutralization tests; sorbents; surface plasmon resonance
Abstract:
... In light of an increasing number of vaccinated and convalescent individuals, there is a major need for the development of robust methods for the quantification of neutralizing antibodies; although, a defined correlate of protection is still missing. Sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients suffering or not suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were comparatively analyzed by pla ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14020410

2. Endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope protein promotes sheep trophoblast cell fusion by activating PKA/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling

Author:
Xiaojuan Wang; Shuying Liu
Source:
Theriogenology 2022 v.193 pp. 58-67
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus; Western blotting; animal reproduction; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; cell fusion; coculture; endometrium; epithelium; loss-of-function mutation; mass spectrometry; mitogen-activated protein kinase; morphogenesis; precipitin tests; sheep; trophoblast
Abstract:
... Endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope protein (enJSRV-Env) plays an important role in trophoblast cell fusion in sheep. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Primary endometrial luminal epithelial cells (LECs) were isolated from the sheep uterus and cocultured with sheep trophoblast cells (STCs). Giemsa staining was conducted to count multinucleated cells in the coc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.003

3. Fungal cell death: The beginning of the end

Author:
Adriana M. Rico-Ramírez; A. Pedro Gonçalves; N. Louise Glass
Source:
Fungal genetics and biology 2022 v.159 pp. 103671
ISSN:
1087-1845
Subject:
Animalia; cell death; cell fusion; death; fungi; lifestyle; meiotic drive; microbial genetics
Abstract:
... Death is an important part of an organism’s existence and also marks the end of life. On a cellular level, death involves the execution of complex processes, which can be classified into different types depending on their characteristics. Despite their “simple” lifestyle, fungi carry out highly specialized and sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the way their cells die, and the pathways underlyin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103671

4. How trophoblasts fuse: an in-depth look into placental syncytiotrophoblast formation

Author:
Stephen J. Renaud; Mariyan J. Jeyarajah
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.8 pp. 433
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
blood; cell fusion; cytoplasm; giant cells; humans; pregnancy; trophoblast
Abstract:
... In humans, cell fusion is restricted to only a few cell types under normal conditions. In the placenta, cell fusion is a critical process for generating syncytiotrophoblast: the giant multinucleated trophoblast lineage containing billions of nuclei within an interconnected cytoplasm that forms the primary interface separating maternal blood from fetal tissue. The unique morphology of syncytiotroph ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04475-z

5. Inhibitors of Activin Receptor-like Kinase 5 Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Processing and Spike-Mediated Cell Fusion via Attenuation of Furin Expression

Author:
Maja C. Mezger; Carina Conzelmann; Tatjana Weil; Pascal von Maltitz; Dan P. J. Albers; Jan Münch; Thomas Stamminger; Eva-Maria Schilling
Source:
Viruses 2022 v.14 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; cell fusion; cytokines; dose response; pathogenicity; protein kinases; proteolysis; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Screening of a protein kinase inhibitor library identified SB431542, targeting activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), as a compound interfering with SARS-CoV-2 replication. Since ALK5 is implicated in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and regulation of the cellular endoprotease furin, we pursued this research to clarify the role of this protein kinase for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14061308

6. Oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up from live mares as an alternative to abattoir-derived oocytes for the development of equine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Author:
JV Cortez; K Hardwicke; J Cuervo-Arango; CG Grupen
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2022 v.113 pp. 103971
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
blastocyst; cell fusion; industry; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; oocytes; ovulation; pregnancy; slaughter; somatic cells; ultrasonics; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... The production of equine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is limited by the availability of immature oocytes. The main source of oocytes for SCNT comes from ovaries obtained from slaughter houses. However, in some countries there is no horse abattoirs or their number is limited which precludes the use of SCNT for the production of equine cloned embryos. Ovum pick-up (OPU) is a repro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103971

7. Reduction of Cell Fusion by Deletion in the Hypervariable Region of the Spike Protein of Mouse Hepatitis Virus

Author:
Nipuna Tennakoon; Jihoon Ryu; Makoto Ujike; Fumihiro Taguchi; Hyun-Jin Shin
Source:
Viruses 2022 v.14 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Murine hepatitis virus; brain neoplasms; cell fusion; genes; growth models; luciferase; pathogenesis; viral growth
Abstract:
... Deletions in the spike gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produce several variants with diverse biological characteristics, highlighting the significance of the spike gene in viral pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the JHM-X strain, which has a deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the spike gene, compared with the cl-2 strain, which has a full spike gene. Cytopathic effects ( ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14020398

8. WNT and NOTCH signaling in human trophoblast development and differentiation

Author:
Bianca Dietrich; Sandra Haider; Gudrun Meinhardt; Jürgen Pollheimer; Martin Knöfler
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.6 pp. 292
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
cell fusion; fetal development; humans; ligands; migratory behavior; pre-eclampsia; pregnancy outcome; trophoblast
Abstract:
... Correct development of the human placenta and its differentiated epithelial cells, syncytial trophoblasts (STBs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), is crucial for a successful pregnancy outcome. STBs develop by cell fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) in placental floating villi, whereas migratory EVTs originate from specialized villi anchoring to the maternal decidua. Defects in trop ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04285-3

9. ZBED1 Regulates Genes Important for Multiple Biological Processes of the Placenta

Author:
Simone Johansen; Sofie Traynor; Malene Laage Ebstrup; Mikkel Green Terp; Christina Bøg Pedersen; Henrik Jørn Ditzel; Morten Frier Gjerstorff
Source:
Genes 2022 v.13 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
apoptosis; cell differentiation; cell fusion; cell viability; forskolin; immunosuppression; models; transcription factors; trophoblast
Abstract:
... The transcription factor ZBED1 is highly expressed in trophoblast cells, but its functions in the processes of trophoblast and placental biology remain elusive. Here, we characterized the role of ZBED1 in trophoblast cell differentiation using an in vitro BeWo cell model. We demonstrate that ZBED1 is enhanced in its expression early after forskolin-induced differentiation of BeWo cells and regulat ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes13010133

10. A potent virucidal activity of functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles adsorbed with flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2

Author:
Gabriela León-Gutiérrez; James Edward Elste; Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez; Cesar Millán-Pacheco; Mario H. Martínez-Gómez; Rafael Mejía-Alvarez; Vaibhav Tiwari; Armando Mejía
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2022 v.106 no.18 pp. 5987-6002
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; adsorption; antiviral agents; antiviral properties; biotechnology; cell culture; cell fusion; flavonoids; glycoproteins; mental health; microbiology; models; nanoparticles; pandemic; pathogenicity; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic with > 550 millions of cases and > 6 millions of deaths worldwide. Medical management of COVID-19 relies on supportive care as no specific targeted therapies are available yet. Given its devastating effects on the economy and mental health, it is imperative to develop novel antivirals. An ideal candidate will be an agent that blocks the early events ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-022-12112-9

11. Cell Fusion and Syncytium Formation in Betaherpesvirus Infection

Author:
Jiajia Tang; Giada Frascaroli; Xuan Zhou; Jan Knickmann; Wolfram Brune
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Gammaherpesvirinae; Human betaherpesvirus 5; cell fusion; epithelium; giant cells; human population; humans; immune response; immune system; metastasis; pathogenicity; reproduction
Abstract:
... Cell–cell fusion is a fundamental and complex process that occurs during reproduction, organ and tissue growth, cancer metastasis, immune response, and infection. All enveloped viruses express one or more proteins that drive the fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. The same proteins can mediate the fusion of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells, leading to the formation of multi ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13101973

12. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune

Author:
Ophélie Dufrançais; Rémi Mascarau; Renaud Poincloux; Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini; Brigitte Raynaud-Messina; Christel Vérollet
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.17-18 pp. 6087-6104
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
actin; cell adhesion; cell fusion; homeostasis; macrophages; monocytes; nanotubes; osteoclasts; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGC ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-03875-x

13. Dact1 is expressed during chicken and mouse skeletal myogenesis and modulated in human muscle diseases

Author:
Renata Erbert Contriciani; Fernanda Cristina da Veiga; Mariana Juliani do Amaral; Bianca Gazieri Castelucci; Lizandra Maia de Sousa; Marcelo Bispo de Jesus; Sílvio Roberto Consonni; Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato; Cláudia Mermelstein; Susanne Dietrich; Lúcia Elvira Alvares
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2021 v.256 pp. 110645
ISSN:
1096-4959
Subject:
bioinformatics; cell cycle; cell fusion; chickens; chicks; computer simulation; gene expression; humans; mice; muscle development; muscles; myoblasts; protein structure; protein synthesis; separation; skeletal muscle
Abstract:
... Vertebrate skeletal muscle development and repair relies on the precise control of Wnt signaling. Dact1 (Dapper/Frodo) is an important modulator of Wnt signaling, interacting with key components of the various Wnt transduction pathways. Here, we characterized Dact1 mRNA and protein expression in chicken and mouse fetal muscles in vivo and during the differentiation of chick primary and mouse C2C12 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110645

14. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry for site-specific glycoproteomics characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Author:
Deborah Chang; Joshua A. Klein; Mary Rachel Nalehua; William E. Hackett; Joseph Zaia
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2021 v.413 no.29 pp. 7305-7318
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; amino acid sequences; analytical chemistry; bioinformatics; cell fusion; genome; glycopeptides; glycoproteins; glycoproteomics; glycosylation; immune evasion; mass spectrometry; monitoring; pandemic; quantitative analysis; surface proteins; vaccine development; viruses
Abstract:
... The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19, is an abundant, heavily glycosylated surface protein that plays a key role in receptor binding and host cell fusion, and is the focus of all current vaccine development efforts. Variants of concern are now circulating worldwide that exhibit mutations in the spike protein. Protein sequence and glycosylation ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-021-03643-7

15. DdaSTE12 is involved in trap formation, ring inflation, conidiation, and vegetative growth in the nematode-trapping fungus Drechslerella dactyloides

Author:
Yani Fan; Weiwei Zhang; Yue Chen; Meichun Xiang; Xingzhong Liu
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2021 v.105 no.19 pp. 7379-7393
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Nematoda; biotechnology; cell fusion; conidiation; free-living nematodes; genes; inflation; mitogen-activated protein kinase; nematode infections; nematophagous fungi; pathogenicity; predation; signal transduction; transcriptome; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... Ste12 transcription factors, downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, are exclusively found in the fungal kingdom and regulate fungal mating, development, and pathogenicity. The nematode-trapping fungus Drechslerella dactyloides can capture free-living nematodes using constricting rings by cell inflation within 1 s when stimulated by nematodes entering the rings. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-021-11455-z

16. Development of a New Monoclonal Antibody against Brevetoxins in Oyster Samples Based on the Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Author:
Xiya Zhang; Mingyue Ding; Chensi Zhang; Yexuan Mao; Youyi Wang; Peipei Li; Haiyang Jiang; Zhanhui Wang; Xuezhi Yu
Source:
Foods 2021 v.10 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2304-8158
Subject:
Karenia brevis; anhydrides; bovine serum albumin; brevetoxins; cell fusion; detection limit; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; gastroenteritis; haptens; immunization; inhibitory concentration 50; keyhole limpet hemocyanin; monoclonal antibodies; neurotoxicity; oysters; shellfish
Abstract:
... The consumption of shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins, a family of ladder-frame polyether toxins formed during blooms of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, can cause neurotoxic poisoning, leading to gastroenteritis and neurotoxic effects. To rapidly monitor brevetoxin levels in oysters, we generated a broad-spectrum antibody against brevetoxin 2 (PbTx-2), 1 (PbTx-1), and 3 (PbTx-3) and ...
DOI:
10.3390/foods10102398

17. Development of a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical immunosensor for controlling of rhodamine B abuse in food samples

Author:
Lin Zhu; Xiu-Xiu Dong; Chun-Bin Gao; Zuoqi Gai; Yong-Xin He; Zhen-Jie Qian; Yingju Liu; Hong-Tao Lei; Yuan-Ming Sun; Zhen-Lin Xu
Source:
Food control 2022 v.133 pp. 108662
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
antigens; cell fusion; ceric oxide; cobalt; composite materials; electrochemistry; electrodes; electroplating; food safety; immunosensors; monoclonal antibodies; nanogold; paprika; rhodamines
Abstract:
... Here, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical immunosensor was established for the rapid screening of Rhodamine B (Rh B) in paprika and capsicol. Rh B complete antigen was prepared and used as immunogen to obtain anti-Rh B monoclonal antibody (anti-Rh B-mAb) through cell fusion technology. A layer of cobalt hydroxide and gold nanoparticles composite material (Co(OH)₂–Au NPs) was modified ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108662

18. Development of sensitive and portable immunosensors based on signal amplification probes for monitoring the mercury(II) ions

Author:
Sumei Ling; Mingke Dong; Yang Xu; Aidi Xu; Jingjing Lin; Ming Lin; Qiang Zhao; Shihua Wang
Source:
Biosensors & bioelectronics 2022 v.217 pp. 114676
ISSN:
0956-5663
Subject:
cell fusion; chelating agents; ethylenediamines; gold; human health; immunoaffinity chromatography; immunosensors; latex; mercury; microparticles; monoclonal antibodies; nanoflowers; nanogold; pollutants; quantitative analysis
Abstract:
... Mercury ion (Hg²⁺) as a major environmental pollutant threatens human health even at very low concentrations, so it is essential to monitor mercury residues in food. In this study, Hg²⁺ was conjugated with protein carrier using 1-(4-Isothiocyanobenzyl) ethylenediamine N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (ITCBE) as a bifunctional chelator. 7A1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Hg²⁺-ITCBE with high affini ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bios.2022.114676

19. Estimation of virus-mediated cell fusion rate of SARS-CoV-2

Author:
Ava Amidei; Hana M. Dobrovolny
Source:
Virology 2022 v.575 pp. 91-100
ISSN:
0042-6822
Subject:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; cell fusion; evolution; giant cells; mathematical models; proteinases; virology
Abstract:
... Several viruses have the ability to form large multinucleated cells known as syncytia. Many properties of syncytia and the role they play in the evolution of a viral infection are not well understood. One basic question that has not yet been answered is how quickly syncytia form. We use a novel mathematical model of cell-cell fusion assays and apply it to experimental data from SARS-CoV-2 fusion a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.016

20. Exaptation of Retroviral Syncytin for Development of Syncytialized Placenta, Its Limited Homology to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Arguments against Disturbing Narrative in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination

Author:
Malgorzata Kloc; Ahmed Uosef; Jacek Z. Kubiak; Rafik M. Ghobrial
Source:
Biology 2021 v.10 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Retroviridae; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; cell fusion; cell membranes; endometrium; exaptation; genes; glycoproteins; humans; trophoblast; vaccination; vaccines; viruses
Abstract:
... Human placenta formation relies on the interaction between fused trophoblast cells of the embryo with uterine endometrium. The fusion between trophoblast cells, first into cytotrophoblast and then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of retroviral origin. In exogenous retroviruses, the envelope glycoprotein ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology10030238