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You searched for: Subject cellulose Remove constraint Subject: cellulose Subject term gases Remove constraint Subject term: gases
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1. 6,6′-Disulfide Cross-Links in Cotton Cellulose; Part II: Effects of Different Cross-Linking Conditions

Author:
Robert F. Schwenker; Leonard Lifland
Source:
Textile research journal v.33 no.2 pp. 107-117
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
cellulose; cotton; cotton fabric; crosslinking; gases; oxidation; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The effects of covalent, intermolecular cross-linking resulting from the introduction into cellulose of thio (SH) groups which are subsequently oxidized to form disulfide (S—S) linkages between the cellulose chains are discussed. When the reactions described herein are carried out on cotton fabrics, there is enhanced wet and/or dry wrinkle recovery, depending upon the mode of thio group oxidation. ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756303300203

2. A Theory of Flame-Retardant Finishes

Author:
Irvin M. Gottlieb
Source:
Textile research journal 1956 v.26 no.2 pp. 156-167
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
cellulose; durability; fabrics; finishes; flame retardants; flammability; gases; halogens; laundry; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A survey of the newer flame retardants suggests a simple theory for their constitu tion. The molecule should be water-insoluble to achieve durability in laundering. A solvent-soluble organic molecule is therefore proposed. The ortho-phosphate group should be present in the molecule to dehydrate catalytically the cellulose substrate. The molecule should contain polymerizable groups to effect a perm ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755602600213

3. A comparative investigation into the formation behaviors of char, liquids and gases during pyrolysis of pinewood and lignocellulosic components

Author:
Xinhua Shi; Jie Wang
Source:
Bioresource technology 2014 v.170 pp. 262-269
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Pinus; biofuels; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cellulose; elemental composition; gases; lignin; lignocellulose; molecular weight; pyrolysis; temperature; wood; xylan
Abstract:
... The pyrolysis characteristics of xylan, cellulose, ADF (a mixture of cellulose and lignin extracted from pine wood) and pine wood were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor by determining the distributions of three-phase products, the elemental compositions of char products, the conversions of components and the profiles of gas release rate during pyrolysis as well as the compositions of liquid prod ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.110

4. A detailed study of the effects of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock particle size on the preparation of nanosilica from rice husk

Author:
Shan Gu; Jingsong Zhou; Zhongyang Luo; Qinhui Wang; Mingjiang Ni
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2013 v.50 pp. 540-549
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
alkali metals; carbon; cellulose; feedstocks; gases; hulls; hydrochloric acid; hydrogen bonding; hydrolysis; particle size; pretreatment; pyrolysis; rice; silica; soaking; temperature; thermal stability; volatilization
Abstract:
... In this paper, an optimized process for preparation of photosensitive nanosilica from rice husk (RH) is described. The rice husk sample was pretreated by soaking in deionized water to remove most of the alkali metals and partial fixed carbon. Most metal oxides, especially alkaline metal oxides and alkaline-earth metal oxides, were removed to a certain extent after the soaking pre-treatment. Soakin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.004

5. A modelling approach to assess the environmental/radiological impact of C-14 release from radioactive waste repositories

Author:
Charalampos Doulgeris; Paul Humphreys
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2019 v.205-206 pp. 61-71
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
biosphere; carbon dioxide; cellulose; cleavage (chemistry); environmental impact; gases; graphene; microbial activity; microorganisms; models; pH; permeability; radioactive waste; radioactivity; risk; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Assessments of the environmental impact of C-14 disposal often assume that C-14 is converted into gases that are able to migrate to the surface, where they pose a radiological risk. However, uncertainties, associated with the long-term release of C-14 from graphite and the evolution in the post-closure environment of a geological disposal facility (GDF), exist. In this paper, an integrated modelli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.05.009

6. A novel boron–nitrogen intumescent flame retardant coating on cotton with improved washing durability

Author:
Shuk Ying Chan; Liping Si; Ka I. Lee; Pui Fai Ng; Lei Chen; Bin Yu; Yuan Hu; Richard K. K. Yuen; John H. Xin; Bin Fei
Source:
Cellulose 2018 v.25 no.1 pp. 843-857
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acetone; boron compounds; calorimetry; cellulose; coatings; cotton; cotton fabric; crosslinking; dipping; durability; flame retardants; gases; heat; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polyethyleneimine; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; toxicity; washing; wastes
Abstract:
... A series of boron–nitrogen polymers (PEIPAs) were synthesized to provide a green alternative for flame retardant finishing on cotton fabrics. An organic boron compound, phenylboronic acid (PA) was successfully bonded to the branched polyethylenimine, which was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the polymer with molar ratio 1:1 of ethylenimine:PA (PEIPA 1: ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-017-1577-2

7. A novel cellulose–silicalite-1 membrane with excellent gas separation property

Author:
Xin-ling Fu; Ming Zeng; Jian-bo Zhou; Chao Xu
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.65 pp. 41070-41076
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; cellulose; coatings; diffusivity; gases; hydrogen; nutrients; scanning electron microscopy; seeds; zeolites
Abstract:
... A novel strategy for synthesizing silicalite-1 membrane by hydrothermal synthesis without organic template after coating the support with a mixture of modified cellulose and seeds was successfully proposed. The membrane possesses high ideal separation factors of H₂ over various gases which is larger than the corresponding Knudsen diffusion coefficients. The selectivity of AcOH from AcOH/H₂O mixtur ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ra06230c

8. A sectional approach for biomass: Modelling the pyrolysis of cellulose

Author:
Tunei Lin; Elke Goos; Uwe Riedel
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2013 v.115 no. pp. 246-253
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
biomass; cellobiose; cellulose; data collection; dissociation; gases; glucose; heat; lignocellulose; models; pyrolysis; temperature
Abstract:
... We present the adaptation of the sectional model approach to the pyrolysis of cellulose, (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ. Cellulose is the major component of lignocellulosic biomass. Due to its longitudinal structure, cellulose is characterised by one-dimensional chains composed of a varying number of cellobiose molecules, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁. Fragments of those chains with similar mass are grouped into size classes (BINs) dete ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.048

9. A sustainable bioenergy conversion strategy for textile waste with self-catalysts using mini-pyrolysis plant

Author:
Samy Yousef; Justas Eimontas; Nerijus Striūgas; Maksym Tatariants; Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby; Simona Tuckute; Linas Kliucininkas
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2019 v.196 pp. 688-704
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; biofuels; carbon dioxide; catalysts; cellulose; color; cotton; differential thermal analysis; dyes; energy conversion; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; environmental assessment; fabrics; feedstocks; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; heavy metals; hydrogen; leaching; methane; nitrogen; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopes; temperature; thermogravimetry; value added; wastes
Abstract:
... Based on the current economic and environmental analysis of the textile waste streams, textile waste alone can be a promising source of renewable energy. To realize that, catalyst-supported pyrolysis was used in the present research to treat textile waste and convert it into value-added energy carriers while attempting to minimize consumption of consumable chemicals (catalysts) and pyrolysis time ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.050

10. Acid‐catalysed glucose dehydration in the gas phase: a mass spectrometric approach

Author:
Andreina Ricci; Brunella Di Rienzo; Federico Pepi; Anna Troiani; Stefania Garzoli; Pierluigi Giacomello
Source:
Journal of mass spectrometry 2015 v.50 no.1 pp. 228-234
ISSN:
1076-5174
Subject:
biomass; cellulose; gases; glucose; hemicellulose; hydroxymethylfurfural; industry; ions; levulinic acid; lignocellulose; mass spectrometry; sustainable development; xylose
Abstract:
... Understanding on a molecular level the acid‐catalysed decomposition of the sugar monomers from hemicellulose and cellulose (e.g. glucose, xylose), the main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass is very important to increase selectivity and reaction yields in solution, key steps for the development of a sustainable renewable industry. In this work we reported a gas‐phase study performed by electro ...
DOI:
10.1002/jms.3525

11. Adsorption of Emerging Munitions Contaminants on Cellulose Surface: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation

Author:
Manoj K. Shukla; Aimee Poda
Source:
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.96 no.6 pp. 784-790
ISSN:
0007-4861
Subject:
adsorption; cellulose; energy; gases; surface water; trinitrotoluene
Abstract:
... This manuscript reports results of an integrated theoretical and experimental investigation of adsorption of two emerging contaminants (DNAN and FOX-7) and legacy compound TNT on cellulose surface. Cellulose was modeled as trimeric form of the linear chain of 1 → 4 linked of β-D-glucopyranos in ⁴C₁ chair conformation. Geometries of modeled cellulose, munitions compounds and their complexes were op ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00128-016-1791-x

12. An improved model for the kinetics of non-oxidative hydrothermal process

Author:
Azadeh Yousefifar; Mohammed M. Farid; Daniel J. Gapes; Brent R. Young
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2020 v.253 pp. 109704
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
activation energy; cellulose; chemical oxygen demand; gases; hot water treatment; kinetics; liquids; models; prediction; sludge; solid wastes; temperature
Abstract:
... Hydrothermal processing as a post-treatment technology for sludge has attracted great interest globally as it could reduce the amount of sludge considerably. This experimental study developed a comprehensive kinetic model of cellulose degradation via non-oxidative hydrothermal processing at various temperatures (ranges 180–260 °C). Values of activation energies and pre-exponential factors were det ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109704

13. Anaerobic storage as a pretreatment for enhanced biodegradability of dewatered sewage sludge

Author:
Huacheng Xu; Pinjing He; Guanzhao Wang; Liming Shao; Duujong Lee
Source:
Bioresource technology 2011 v.102 no.2 pp. 667-671
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
biodegradability; biogas; carbon; cellulose; gases; odor control; odors; organic acids and salts; organic matter; protein content; sewage sludge; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Dewatered sewage sludge is often stored still before further processing and final disposal. This study showed that anaerobic storage of dewatered sewage sludge could hydrolyze organic matter from the sludge matrix, and increase soluble organic acid content from 90 to 2400mg/L and soluble organic carbon content from 220 to 1650mg/L. Correspondingly, the contents of proteins, celluloses and hemicell ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.036
PubMed:
20813521

14. Analytical pyrolysis as an instrument to study the chemical transformations of hydrothermally modified wood

Author:
Juris Grinins; Bruno Andersons; Vladimirs Biziks; Ingeborga Andersone; Galina Dobele
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2013 v.103 no. pp. 36-41
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
Alnus incana; Betula; Populus tremula; acetic acid; cellulose; chemical analysis; chemical composition; chemical structure; chromatography; formic acid; gases; hemicellulose; lignin; mass spectrometry; pyrolysis; sugars; trees; wood
Abstract:
... In the present study, changes in the chemical structure of the components of deciduous wood species, i.e., birch (Betula spp.), aspen (Populus tremula) and grey alder (Alnus incana) wood, after hydrothermal modification (HTM) were investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and wet chemical analysis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical changes in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2012.10.016

15. Application of a detailed reaction mechanism to pyrolysis of Miscanthus giganteus

Author:
Bernhard Peters
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2011 v.91 no.2 pp. 352-358
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
Miscanthus giganteus; cellulose; energy; equations; gases; hemicellulose; lignin; momentum; pyrolysis
Abstract:
... The objective of this contribution is to describe thermal degradation of Miscanthus giganteus by a detailed reaction mechanism. It includes degradation kinetics for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which constitute the major mass fractions of M. giganteus. Furthermore, the mechanism yields a detailed composition of product gases, and is therefore well-suited to predict evolution of both thermal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2011.03.013

16. Application of biomass fast pyrolysis part I: Pyrolysis characteristics and products

Author:
S.I. Yang; M.S. Wu; C.Y. Wu
Source:
Energy 2014 v.66 pp. 162-171
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; carbon dioxide; carboxylic acids; cellulose; coffee beans; fluidized beds; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; hemicellulose; hydrocarbons; ketones; lignin; phenols; pyrolysis; rice straw; sawdust; temperature; thermogravimetry; wastes; water content; Taiwan
Abstract:
... In the present study, the thermal decomposition behavior of three common biowastes in Taiwan (cedar sawdust, coffee bean residue, and rice straw) upon fast pyrolysis was studied. Products were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The composition of the resulting bio-oils was also quantified. TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) results indicate that thermal degradation of the biowaste s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.063

17. Application of laser-based diagnostics for characterization of the influence of inorganics on the slow pyrolysis of woody biomass

Author:
H. Almuina-Villar; N. Lang; A. Anca-Couce; J. Röpcke; F. Behrendt; A. Dieguez-Alonso
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2019 v.140 pp. 125-136
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
Fagus; biomass; carbon monoxide; cellulose; diagnostic techniques; fluorescence; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; heat production; lignin; liquids; methane; monitoring; phenols; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrolysis; temperature; wood
Abstract:
... The influence of inorganic species content on the slow pyrolysis of thermally thick wood particles has been investigated with the application of laser-based spectroscopic techniques. Infrared laser absorption and laser-induced fluorescence were used to characterize, on-line and in situ, the release of permanent gases (CO and CH4) and of species emitting fluorescence, respectively. These advanced m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2019.03.004

18. Applications of bacterial cellulose in food, cosmetics and drug delivery

Author:
Hanif Ullah; Hélder A. Santos; Taous Khan
Source:
Cellulose 2016 v.23 no.4 pp. 2291-2314
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
bioavailability; biopolymers; cellulose; cosmetics; desserts; drugs; enantiomers; enzymes; food additives; functional foods; gases; hydrocolloids; low cholesterol diet; meat; molecular imprinting; permeability; porosity; shrublands; tensile strength; tissue engineering; vegetarian diet; water uptake
Abstract:
... Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer with better material properties, such as purity, high degree of porosity, relative high permeability to liquid and gases, high water-uptake capacity, tensile strength and ultrafine network. This review explores the applications of BC and its hydrogels in the fields of food, cosmetics and drug delivery. Applications of BC in foods are ranging from ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-016-0986-y

19. Attapulgite modified cotton fabric and its flame retardancy

Author:
Yan Bao; Xinqian Li; Pei Tang; Chao Liu; Wenbo Zhang; Jianzhong Ma
Source:
Cellulose 2019 v.26 no.17 pp. 9311-9322
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
burning; cellulose; chemical bonding; clay; cotton fabric; flame retardants; gases; halogens; health hazards; oxygen; smoke; toxic substances; toxicity
Abstract:
... Flame-retardant treatment for cotton fabric has been raising considerable interest. However, flame-retardant treatments in many studies have drawbacks, such as releasing toxic gases, high cost and weak bonding to the matrix. In this paper, attapulgite clay (ATP) was treated by ball-milling, activation and double-bond modification. Cotton fabric was grafted to achieve mercapto functionalization. Fi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-019-02709-1

20. Bio-hydrogen production based on catalytic reforming of volatiles generated by cellulose pyrolysis: An integrated process for ZnO reduction and zinc nanostructures fabrication

Author:
Adriana Veloso Maciel; Aldo Eloizo Job; Wagner da Nova Mussel; Walter de Brito; Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.3 pp. 1121-1129
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; carbon; cellulose; gases; hydrogen; hydrogen production; nanowires; optical properties; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; thermal analysis; transmission electron microscopy; zinc
Abstract:
... The paper presents a process of cellulose thermal degradation with bio-hydrogen generation and zinc nanostructures synthesis. Production of zinc nanowires and zinc nanoflowers was performed by a novel processes based on cellulose pyrolysis, volatiles reforming and direct reduction of ZnO. The bio-hydrogen generated in situ promoted the ZnO reduction with Zn nanostructures formation by vapor–solid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.039