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You searched for: Subject charcoal Remove constraint Subject: charcoal Subject term charcoal Remove constraint Subject term: charcoal Subject term dioxane Remove constraint Subject term: dioxane
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1. Use of Gamma-Valerolactone as an Illuminating Liquid and Lighter Fluid

Author:
Fábos Viktória; Lui Matthew Y.; Mui Yiu Fung; Wong Yuet Yan; Mika László T.; Qi Long; Cséfalvay Edit; Kovács Viktória; Szűcs Tibor; Horváth István T.
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2015 v.3 no.9 pp. 1899-1904
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
ammonia; ammonium sulfate; catalysts; charcoal; dioxane; ethanol; formic acid; glass; lamps; levulinic acid; neutralization; odors; smoke; sulfuric acid; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... The sulfuric acid-catalyzed conversion of paper wastes in gamma-valerolactone (GVL) or dioxane leads to the formation of levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA), which can be converted to GVL by transfer-hydrogenation using the Shvo catalyst in situ or separately. The isolation of LA and FA was assisted by the neutralization of the sulfuric acid with ammonia to form a biphasic system. While the a ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00465

2. Exploring the application potential of incompletely soluble organosolv lignin as a macromonomer for polyurethane synthesis

Author:
Alexandr Arshanitsa; Lelde Krumina; Galina Telysheva; Tatiana Dizhbite
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2016 v.92 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
air; ambient temperature; antioxidants; biomass; charcoal; crosslinking; dioxane; fractionation; glass transition temperature; heat treatment; lignin; methanol; methylene chloride; molecular weight; polyethylene glycol; polyurethanes; solvents; tensile strength; thermal stability; wheat straw
Abstract:
... A new type of organosolv wheat straw lignin, so-called Biolignin™, was studied. It is obtained according to the biomass processing in water diluted organic acid media and is not completely soluble in conventional organic solvents traditionally applied for polyurethanes (PU) synthesis. The fractionation of the lignin by sequential extraction with dichloromethane, methanol and a mixture of both solv ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.050