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1. Antifungal activity and mechanism of thymol against Fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen of potato dry rot, and its potential application

Author:
Yanlin Liu; Shihao Liu; Xunguang Luo; Xiao Wu; Jie Ren; Xiaoqing Huang; Shun Feng; Xiaoyi Lin; Maozhi Ren; Pan Dong
Source:
Postharvest biology and technology 2022 v.192 pp. 112025
ISSN:
0925-5214
Subject:
Fusarium oxysporum; additive effect; antifungal properties; biological control; carbendazim; chitin; dose response; gene expression regulation; gene ontology; inhibitory concentration 50; mancozeb; metabolism; monoterpenoids; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; phenol; potatoes; spore germination; spores; temperature; thymol; toxicity; viability
Abstract:
... Dry rot is a major disease of potato during storage, which is caused by several Fusarium species. Biological control based on natural bioactive compounds that inhibit tuber disease provides an attractive alternative because they are ecofriendly and low toxic. In this study, a monoterpene phenol thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) was found to have an effective antifungal effect against Fusarium ox ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.112025

2. Integrated analysis of exoskeletal surface profile and chitin-related gene expression on Macrophthalmus japonicus mud crabs exposed to hexabromocyclododecane

Author:
Kiyun Park; Tae-Soo Kwak; Ihn-Sil Kwak
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2022 v.257 pp. 109331
ISSN:
1532-0456
Subject:
Macrophthalmus; bromination; chitin; chitin deacetylase; chitin synthase; chitinase; dose response; exoskeleton; gene expression; hexabromocyclododecane
Abstract:
... Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), widely used brominated flame retardants, easily accumulate in aquatic organisms such as Macrophthalmus japonicus crabs, which inhabit tidal flat sediments. To analyze the effects of HBCD exposure in chitin-formed exoskeleton, we investigated molecular responses of chitin-related genes as well as physical changes of the exoskeletal surface form as a new biological e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109331

3. Knockdown of hexokinase in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) by RNAi inhibits chitin synthesis and leads to abnormal phenotypes

Author:
Shan Yang; Zhiwen Zou; Tianrong Xin; Shiyu Cai; Xi Wang; Huijie Zhang; Ling Zhong; Bin Xia
Source:
Pest management science 2022 v.78 no.10 pp. 4303-4313
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; Citrus; Diaphorina citri; RNA interference; body weight; chitin; dose response; double-stranded RNA; genes; greening disease; hexokinase; insect development; messenger RNA; mortality; pest control; pests
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Silencing specific genes in pests using RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a promising new pest‐control strategy. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most important citrus pest because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes huanglongbing. Chitin is essential for insect development, and enzymes in this pathway are attractive targets for p ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.7049

4. Agaricus bisporus-Derived Glucosamine Hydrochloride Facilitates Skeletal Injury Repair through Bmp Signaling in Zebrafish Osteoporosis Model

Author:
Wei Peng; Wenjuan Zhang; Qici Wu; Shunyou Cai; Tingting Jia; Jiarui Sun; Zhichao Lin; Gulimiran Alitongbieke; Yixuan Chen; Yi Su; Jinmei Lin; Lisheng Cai; Yuqin Sun; Yutian Pan; Yu Xue
Source:
Journal of natural products 2021 v.84 no.4 pp. 1294-1305
ISSN:
1520-6025
Subject:
Agaricus bisporus; Danio rerio; adults; bone formation; bone morphogenetic proteins; cartilage; cell walls; chitin; dose response; fins; fish; glucosamine; hydrochloric acid; hydrolysis; larvae; models; osteoporosis; skeletal development
Abstract:
... Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH), one of the most basic and important derivatives of chitin, is obtained by hydrolysis of chitin in concentrated hydrochloric acid. At present, little is known about how GAH functions in skeletal development. In this report, we demonstrate that GAH, extracted from the cell wall of Agaricus bisporus, acts in a dose-dependent manner to promote not only cartilage and bo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00002

5. The insecticidal activity of methyl benzoate against Tribolium castaneum by transcriptomic analysis and in-silico simulation

Author:
Lei Wang; Sai-sai Ding; Ning-jing Zhang; Yujie Lu; Xueqing Geng; Zongpei Zhao
Source:
Journal of stored products research 2022 v.97 pp. 101972
ISSN:
0022-474X
Subject:
Tribolium castaneum; biosynthesis; cathepsins; chitin; computer simulation; digestive system; dose response; energy metabolism; fumigants; gene expression regulation; gene ontology; genes; insecticidal properties; metabolic detoxification; molecular dynamics; odors; pesticides; proteolysis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; research; sequence analysis; toxicity; transcription (genetics); transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Plant-derived methyl benzoate (MB) is a scent and aroma released by many flowers and fruits. Recently, MB has emerged as an alternative pesticide to control insect pests. However, the molecular mechanisms of insects' responses to MB remain to be investigated. MB exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity to all the developmental stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Based on the PoloPlus analysis of th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jspr.2022.101972

6. The mechanism of the dose effect of straw on soil respiration: Evidence from enzymatic stoichiometry and functional genes

Author:
Shuailin Li; Yongxing Cui; Zhuqing Xia; Xinhui Zhang; Mengmeng Zhu; Yun Gao; Siyu An; Wantai Yu; Qiang Ma
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2022 v.168 pp. 108636
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
carbon; cellulose; chitin; dose response; field experimentation; hemicellulose; lignin; microbial biomass; mineralization; models; polymerase chain reaction; soil; soil respiration; starch; stoichiometry; straw
Abstract:
... Straw return to soil is a global field practice for sequestering carbon (C) in agricultural ecosystems, and soil C mineralization depends on the soil microbial metabolic process. However, the variation patterns of microbial respiration (Rs) and associated mechanisms under long-term straw input at different levels remain unclear. Here, this study investigated the changes in Rs and microbial metabol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108636

7. o-Vanillin, a promising antifungal agent, inhibits Aspergillus flavus by disrupting the integrity of cell walls and cell membranes

Author:
Qian Li; Xiaoman Zhu; Yanli Xie; Yue Zhong
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2021 v.105 no.12 pp. 5147-5158
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; antifungal properties; biotechnology; chitin; corn; dose response; microbiology; mycelium; permeability
Abstract:
... o-Vanillin is a natural product that has been widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we determined that o-vanillin can strongly inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus mycelia. However, the inhibition mechanism of o-vanillin is still elusive. The ultrastructural morphology of mycelia was injured, and the cell walls were destroyed. The OH functional groups on cell ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-021-11371-2

8. Production of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharide by novel Streptomyces chilikensis strain RC1830 and its evaluation for anti-radical, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cell migration potential

Author:
Himadri Tanaya Behera; Abhik Mojumdar; Smruti Ranjan Das; Soubhagyalaxmi Jema; Lopamudra Ray
Source:
Bioresource technology reports 2020 v.11 pp. 100428
ISSN:
2589-014X
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Streptomyces; anti-inflammatory activity; biodegradation; bioreactors; breast neoplasms; carbon; cell movement; cell proliferation; chitin; chitooligosaccharides; culture flasks; dose response; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; enzymes; free radical scavengers; human diseases; metal ions; microorganisms; models; neoplasm cells; nitrogen; pH; salt concentration; surfactants
Abstract:
... The present study focuses on the preparation of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (N-AcCOS) by microbial degradation of colloidal chitin using novel Streptomyces chilikensis strain RC1830 instead of using chitinolytic enzymes extracted from microorganisms as reported earlier. Statistical optimization of the factors such as pH, media, carbon source, nitrogen source, salt concentration, surfactants and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100428

9. Acute triflumuron exposure induces oxidative stress responses in liver and kidney of Balb/C mice

Author:
Rim Timoumi; Ines Amara; Fadwa Neffati; Mohamed Fadhel Najjar; Emna El Golli-Bennour; Hassen Bacha; Salwa Abid-Essefi
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2019 v.26 no.4 pp. 3723-3730
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
abnormal development; alanine transaminase; albumins; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate transaminase; bilirubin; catalase; chitin; creatinine; crops; dose response; enzyme activity; hepatotoxicity; insecticides; insects; kidneys; liver; males; malondialdehyde; mice; oxidative stress; pathogens; peroxidase; stress response; superoxide dismutase; tissues; triflumuron; urea; uric acid
Abstract:
... Triflumuron (TFM) is one of the most widely used insecticides over the world. It is a benzoylphenyl urea that belongs to the class of insect growth regulators. This insecticide acts by inhibiting insect’s chitin synthesis and by consequences, making insect more susceptible to pathogens and malformations. TFM effects have been reported in mammalians and crops. However, studies that reveal its toxic ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-018-3908-8

10. Chitosan biostimulant controls infection of cucumber by Phytophthora capsici through suppression of asexual reproduction of the pathogen

Author:
Fatematuz Zohara; Musrat Zahan Surovy; Amena Khatun; Md. F. R. K. Prince; Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda; Mahfuzur Rahman; Md. Tofazzal Islam
Source:
Acta agrobotanica 2019 v.72 no.1 pp. aa.1763
ISSN:
2300-357X
Subject:
Phytophthora capsici; asexual reproduction; biopolymers; chitin; chitosan; cucumbers; damping off; disease resistance; dose response; growth promotion; mycelium; pesticides; plant growth; plant pathogenic fungi; roots; seed germination; seed treatment; seedlings; seeds; shoots; sporangia; zoospores
Abstract:
... The biopolymer chitosan is a derivative of chitin, which can promote plant growth and protect plants from phytopathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan as a biostimulant and a biorational agent to protect cucumber plants from damping-off disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. Cucumber seeds were treated with a range of chitosan concentrations, viz. 0, 125, 250, and 500 ppm ...
DOI:
10.5586/aa.1763

11. Dietary supplementation with chitin hydrolysates for Anguilla japonica leptocephali

Author:
Akihiro Okamura; Yoshiaki Yamada; Naomi Mikawa; Noriyuki Horie; Katsumi Tsukamoto
Source:
Fisheries science 2020 v.86 no.4 pp. 685-692
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Anguilla japonica; N-acetylglucosamine; artificial diets; bioactive compounds; bioactive properties; chitin; dietary supplements; dose response; energy; fish health; glycosaminoglycans; hydrolysates; larval development; leptocephalus larvae; rearing; survival rate
Abstract:
... This study assessed the effects of diets supplemented with different types of chitin hydrolysate on larval growth of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Larvae were reared for 26 days on artificial diets containing 2% of purified monomeric N-acetylglucosamine (NAG1), a mixture of mono-, di- and trimers (NAG3), a mixture of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexamers (NAG6), or a control diet. Th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-020-01440-2

12. Involvement of Leptinotarsa hormone receptor 38 in the larval-pupal transition

Author:
Chen-Hui Shen; Qing-Yu Xu; Li-Li Mu; Kai-Yun Fu; Wen-Chao Guo; Guo-Qing Li
Source:
Gene 2020 v.751 pp. 144779
ISSN:
0378-1119
Subject:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata; RNA interference; biosynthesis; chitin; death; dietary supplements; dose response; ecdysteroidogenesis; ecdysterone; genes; hormone receptors; insects; instars; larvae; liquids; mortality; prepupae; pupation
Abstract:
... In insects, nuclear receptors (NRs) including EcR (NR1H1), USP (NR2B4), E75 (NR1D3), HR3 (NR1F), HR4 (NR6) and FTZ-F1 (NR5A3) mediate the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling cascade to play a critical role during larval metamorphosis. In this present paper, we focused on hormone receptor 38 (HR38) in Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the only insect homolog of the NR4A subclass. RNA interference (RNAi) of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2020.144779

13. Use of dietary frass from black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, in hybrid tilapia (Nile x Mozambique, Oreocromis niloticus x O. mozambique) diets improves growth and resistance to bacterial diseases

Author:
Mediha Yildirim-Aksoy; Rashida Eljack; Cole Schrimsher; Benjamin H. Beck
Source:
Aquaculture reports 2020 v.17 pp. 100373
ISSN:
2352-5134
Subject:
Flavobacterium columnare; Hermetia illucens; Streptococcus iniae; aquariums; bacterial infections; beneficial microorganisms; blood chemistry; blood serum; body composition; chitin; complement; corn meal; diet; disease resistance; dose response; exoskeleton; feed conversion; feed intake; fish; frass; hematologic tests; hematology; hybrids; immune response; industry; ingredients; insect larvae; juveniles; nutrients; nutritional intervention; satiety; soybean meal; weight gain; wheat; Mozambique
Abstract:
... Frass, a by-product of the larval meal industry, is heterogeneous and includes larval excrement, exoskeleton sheds and residual feed ingredients along with abundant nutrients, chitin and beneficial microbes. The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in growth, feed utilization, body composition, hematology, serum chemistry, immune responses and disease resistance of hybrid tilapia, N ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100373

14. Characterization of a chitinase from Salinivibrio sp. BAO‐1801 as an antifungal activity and a biocatalyst for producing chitobiose

Author:
Bao Le; Seung Hwan Yang
Source:
Journal of basic microbiology 2018 v.58 no.10 pp. 848-856
ISSN:
0233-111X
Subject:
Salinivibrio; amino acids; antifungal properties; biocatalysts; chitin; chitinase; chitooligosaccharides; dose response; fungal growth; high performance liquid chromatography; molecular weight; pH; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; seafoods; shrimp; temperature; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... Salinivibrio genus is commonly found in salted seafood products. In this study, chitinase produced by Salinivibrio sp. BAO‐1801 isolated from salted fermented shrimp was purified and subsequently characterized. The molecular weight of BAO‐1801 chitinase was approximately 94.2 kDa by SDS–PAGE analysis. It was classified as a chitinase C based on homology analysis of its N‐terminal amino acid residu ...
DOI:
10.1002/jobm.201800256

15. Effect of Teflubenzuron Ingestion on Larval Performance and Chitin Content in Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Author:
Qing-Wei Meng; Jing-Jing Wang; Ji-Feng Shi; Wen-Chao Guo; Guo-Qing Li
Source:
American journal of potato research 2018 v.95 no.5 pp. 463-472
ISSN:
1099-209X
Subject:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata; adults; biosynthesis; chitin; cyhalothrin; dose response; ecdysis; enzymes; genes; insecticide resistance; integrated pest management; integument; larvae; larvicides; leaves; peritrophic membrane; resistance management; spinosad; stomach; teflubenzuron; tissues; toxicity; uridine
Abstract:
... The potential of teflubenzuron was assessed in a series of laboratory studies in order to achieve consistent, long-term, integrated management of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Teflubenzuron exhibited excellent stomach toxicity to the larvae. Its larvicidal activity was comparable with those of cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad. Moreover, the teflubenzuron ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12230-018-9646-0

16. Identification of an endo-chitinase from Corallococcus sp. EGB and evaluation of its antifungal properties

Author:
Zhoukun Li; Chengyao Xia; Yanxin Wang; Xu Li; Yan Qiao; Chenyu Li; Jie Zhou; Lei Zhang; Xianfeng Ye; Yan Huang; Zhongli Cui
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2019 v.132 pp. 1235-1243
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
myxobacteria; plant pathogenic fungi; appressoria; plant diseases and disorders; dose response; Corallococcus; conidia; cell walls; fibronectins; Magnaporthe oryzae; Escherichia coli; antifungal properties; germination; evolution; chitooligosaccharides; enzyme activity; glycosides; chitin; biological control; pH stability; chitinase
Abstract:
... As the main component of the fungal cell wall, chitin has been regarded as an optimal molecular target for the biocontrol of plant-pathogenic fungi. In this study, the chitin hydrolase CcCti1, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) and exhibits potential antifungal activity, was identified from Corallococcus sp. EGB. CcCti1 lacks a fibronectin type-III (FN3) domain that is pres ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.056

17. Protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on blue light light-emitting diode induced retinal pigment epithelial cell damage

Author:
Chao-Wen Lin; Hsiao-Han Huang; Chung-May Yang; Chang-Hao Yang
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2018 v.49 pp. 12-19
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
Crustacea; apoptosis; blue light; cell walls; chitin; chitosan; dose response; epithelial cells; epithelium; exoskeleton; fungi; hydrolysis; light emitting diodes; membrane potential; mitochondrial membrane; oligosaccharides; oxidative stress; protective effect; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... Excessive blue light light-emitting diode (LED) exposure and consequent oxidative stress causes damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are the hydrolyzed products of chitin, which is abundant in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. We investigated the protective effect of COSs on blue light LED-induced RPE cell damage. These cells were ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.007

18. Unraveling the mode of antifungal action of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as potential biocontrol agents against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus

Author:
Fatemeh Siahmoshteh; Zohreh Hamidi-Esfahani; Davide Spadaro; Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi; Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
Source:
Food control 2018 v.89 pp. 300-307
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
Aspergillus parasiticus; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus subtilis; aflatoxins; agar; antifungal properties; bacteria; beta-glucans; biological control agents; cell membranes; cell walls; chitin; crops; culture filtrates; dose response; enzyme activity; ergosterol; financial economics; foods; fungi; gelatin; hyphae; mechanism of action; microbial culture; microbial growth; mitochondria; plant pathogens; proteolysis; soil; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Some filamentous fungi are plant pathogens that cause serious economic losses in foodstuffs and agricultural commodities. In the present study, the antifungal effects of culture filtrates of soil strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were studied against some common field-pathogenic fungi with special reference to the possible mode of actions against Aspergillus parasiticus N ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.010

19. A chitinase with antifungal activity from naked oat (Avena chinensis) seeds

Author:
Chen Li; Xiaoping Li; Chengzhi Bai; Yi Zhang; Zhuanhua Wang
Source:
Journal of food biochemistry 2019 v.43 no.2 pp. e12713
ISSN:
0145-8884
Subject:
Avena nuda; Trichoderma reesei; amino acid sequences; antifungal properties; biological control; bioprocessing; chitin; chitinase; chitooligosaccharides; chromatography; cost effectiveness; dose response; food industry; fungi; in vitro studies; isoelectric point; molecular weight; pH; plant disease resistance; plant diseases and disorders; purification methods; seeds; sequence analysis; temperature
Abstract:
... A chitinase was purified from naked oat (Avena chinensis) seeds using simple chromatographic techniques. Its molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined as 35 kDa and 8.9, respectively. The purified chitinase exhibited specific activity of 3.6 U/mg and 15.6% yield using colloidal chitin as substrate. Partial amino acid sequence analysis and homology search indicated that it probably bel ...
DOI:
10.1111/jfbc.12713

20. Chitins and chitosans for the removal of total ammonia of aquaculture effluents

Author:
Fernanda Bernardi; Izabel Volkweis Zadinelo; Helton José Alves; Fábio Meurer; Lilian Dena dos Santos
Source:
Aquaculture 2018 v.483 pp. 203-212
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; ammonia; aquaculture; chemical composition; chitin; chitosan; dose response; effluents; freshwater; porosity; shrimp; surface area; wastewater
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate efficiency of adsorption of chitins of marine and freshwater shrimps, three commercial chitosan and chitosan produced in laboratory in the removal of total ammonia synthetic effluents with different initial concentrations of ammonia and natural aquaculture effluents. The adsorbents were characterized in relation to degree of deacetylation, specific surface area and por ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.027

21. Novaluron ingestion causes larval lethality and inhibits chitin content in Leptinotarsa decemlineata fourth-instar larvae

Author:
Qing-Yu Xu; Qing-Wei Meng; Ji-Feng Shi; Pan Deng; Wen-Chao Guo; Guo-Qing Li
Source:
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.143 pp. 173-180
ISSN:
0048-3575
Subject:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata; abamectin; adults; biosynthesis; chitin; chitin synthase; cyhalothrin; death; dose response; ecdysis; fipronil; genes; ingestion; integrated pest management; integument; juveniles; larvae; larvicides; leaves; mortality; novaluron; peritrophic membrane; prepupae; pupae; pupation; spinosad; tissues; uridine
Abstract:
... To accomplish consistent, long-term, integrated management (IPM) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), research assessing the potential of novel, IPM-compatible insecticides is essential. Novaluron is a potent benzoylurea insecticide. In the present paper, we found that novaluron ingestion by the fourth-instar larvae inhibited foliage consumption, reduced larval fresh wei ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.07.010

22. Potent inhibition of a GH20 exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from marine Vibrio bacteria by reaction intermediate analogues

Author:
Piyanat Meekrathok; Keith A. Stubbs; Wipa Suginta
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2018 v.115 pp. 1165-1173
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Vibrio harveyi; bacteria; calorimetry; chitin; dissociation; dose response; drugs; enthalpy; enzyme inhibitors; enzymes; genetic disorders; heat; humans; hydrophobic bonding; inhibitory concentration 50; metabolic diseases; metabolism; molecular models
Abstract:
... Exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) are hydrolytic enzymes involved in the metabolism of chitin in bacteria and in eukaryotic glycosphingolipid metabolism, with genetic defects in human GlcNAcases (HexA and HexB) resulting in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, respectively. Here, we determined the effects of three known inhibitors of exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (PUGNAc, NHAcCAS and NHAcDN ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.193

23. Tulbaghia violacea Harv. plant extract affects cell wall synthesis in Aspergillus flavus

Author:
V. Belewa; H. Baijnath; C. Frost; B.M. Somai
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2017 v.122 no.4 pp. 921-931
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; Tulbaghia; beta-glucans; cell walls; chitin; chitin synthase; dose response; fungi; plant extracts; saponins; tannins
Abstract:
... AIMS: This study investigates the effect that aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. harbouring plant saponins, phenolics and tannins have on Aspergillus flavus β‐(1,3) glucan and chitin synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Aspergillus flavus was treated with various subinhibitory concentrations of an aqueous T. violacea plant extract and the β‐(1,3) glucan and chitin content was determined toget ...
DOI:
10.1111/jam.13405

24. A novel analytical procedure for assaying lysozyme activity using an end-blocked chitotetraose derivative as substrate

Author:
Makoto Ogata; Megumi Matsui; Haruka Kono; Yuka Matsuzaki; Yuna Kato; Taichi Usui
Source:
Analytical biochemistry 2017 v.538 pp. 64-70
ISSN:
0003-2697
Subject:
beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase; chitin; dose response; egg albumen; hens; hydrolysis; lysozyme
Abstract:
... An end-modified β-d-galactosyl chitotetraose derivative [44-O-β-d-galactosyl-β-tri-N-acetylchitotriosyl 2-acetamide-2,3-dideoxy-glucopyranose; Gal(GlcN)3D] was designed and synthesized from chitin tetrasaccharide. The derivative was chemically modified by dehydration of the reducing end GlcN and enzymatic addition of a Gal group to the non-reducing end GlcN. Hydrolysis of Gal(GlcN)3D and related c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.015

25. Chitin and chitosan from the Norway lobster by-products: Antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities

Author:
Nadhem Sayari; Assaâd Sila; Baha Eddine Abdelmalek; Rihab Ben Abdallah; Semia Ellouz-Chaabouni; Ali Bougatef; Rafik Balti
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2016 v.87 pp. 163-171
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Nephrops norvegicus; acetylation; anti-infective properties; antineoplastic activity; byproducts; cell proliferation; chitin; chitosan; colorectal neoplasms; cytotoxicity; dose response; fungi; humans; inhibitory concentration 50; neoplasm cells; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Chitin was recovered through enzymatic deproteinization of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) processing by-products. The obtained chitin was characterized and converted into chitosan by N-deacetylation, the acid-soluble form of chitin. Chitosan samples were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic re ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.057

26. Chitin extraction from crab shells by Bacillus bacteria. Biological activities of fermented crab supernatants

Author:
Sawssen Hajji; Olfa Ghorbel-Bellaaj; Islem Younes; Kemel Jellouli; Moncef Nasri
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2015 v.79 pp. 167-173
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus mojavensis; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus subtilis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gram-negative bacteria; antibacterial properties; antioxidant activity; chitin; crabs; dose response; glucose; hydrolysates; wastes
Abstract:
... Crab shells waste were fermented using six protease-producing Bacillus species (Bacillus subtilis A26, Bacillus mojavensis A21, Bacillus pumilus A1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens An6, Bacillus licheniformis NH1 and Bacillus cereus BG1) for the production of chitin and fermented-crab supernatants (FCSs). In medium containing only crab shells, the highest demineralization DM was obtained with B. lichen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.027

27. In-vitro Mycological activity of essential oil from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes

Author:
Bhagya H. Madegowda; Parthepan Rameshwaran; Navya P. Nagaraju; Pushpa S. Murthy
Source:
Journal of essential oil research 2016 v.28 no.1 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
2163-8152
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceus; Zingiber zerumbet; alpha-caryophyllene; antifungal properties; biomass; cell walls; chitin; conidiophores; corn; distillation; dose response; essential oils; fungi; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; hyphae; metabolism; minimum inhibitory concentration; mycelium; oils; rhizomes; scanning electron microscopy; spore germination
Abstract:
... The volatile oil (1.12%) from the Z. zerumbet rhizomes were extracted using Clevenger’s distillation. The GC and GC-MS profile of the Z. zerumbet volatiles revealed several components of which Zerumbone was the principal compound (49.8%) followed by α-Caryophyllene (20.1%) and trace of other compounds. The antifungal property of volatiles was studied against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochr ...
DOI:
10.1080/10412905.2015.1079274

28. Transcriptome-wide analysis of the response of the thecosome pteropod Clio pyramidata to short-term CO2 exposure

Author:
Amy E. Maas; Gareth L. Lawson; Ann M. Tarrant
Source:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 2015 v.16 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
biomineralization; carbon dioxide enrichment; phylogeny; molluscs; dose response; migratory behavior; respiratory rate; complementary genes; gene expression; ocean acidification; transcriptome; gene expression regulation; dissolved carbon dioxide; geographical distribution; sequence analysis; metabolism; transcriptomics; autumn; calmodulin; chitin; plankton; lectins; ecophysiology; seawater; acute exposure; calcification; Northwest Atlantic
Abstract:
... Thecosome pteropods, a group of calcifying holoplanktonic mollusks, have recently become a research focus due to their potential sensitivity to increased levels of anthropogenic dissolved CO2 in seawater and the accompanying ocean acidification. Some populations, however, already experience high CO2 in their natural distribution during diel vertical migrations. To achieve a better understanding of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2015.06.002

29. In Vitro and Dietary Effects of Chitin on Cellular and Humoral Immune Parameters of Catla, Catla catla (Hamilton)

Author:
Timothy Sangma; Dibyendu Kamilya
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2015 v.46 no.6 pp. 617-623
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Catla catla; blood serum; cell-mediated immunity; chitin; diet; disease resistance; dose response; fish; humoral immunity; immune response; immunostimulants; kidneys; leukocytes; lysozyme; nitric oxide; peroxidase; protein content; viability
Abstract:
... Immunostimulants increase the immunocompetency and disease resistance of fish by enhancing immune responses. This study determined the in vitro and dietary effects of chitin on immune responses of catla, Catla catla. Catla head‐kidney leukocytes were cultured in complete RPMI‐1640 medium containing 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/mL of chitin. Leucocyte viability and different cellular immune responses, nam ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12232

30. Enzymatic polymerization to an alternating N-l-cysteinyl chitin derivative: a novel class of multivalent glycopeptidomimetics

Author:
Masashi Ohmae; Sanae Koide; Yuki Fujita; Shunsaku Kimura
Source:
Carbohydrate research 2013 v.377 no. pp. 28-34
ISSN:
0008-6215
Subject:
chitin; dose response; polymerization
Abstract:
... A novel chitin derivative with an alternating N-l-cysteinyl group was successfully prepared. The precursor chitin derivative with an alternating N-l-thioprolinyl group could be obtained via chitinase-catalyzed polymerization of the N′-l-thioprolinyl chitobiose oxazoline derivative as a transition state analog substrate monomer under weak alkaline conditions. Conversion of the l-thioprolinyl group ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.009

31. Extraction, characterization, and nematicidal activity of chitin and chitosan derived from shrimp shell wastes

Author:
Mohamed A. Radwan; Samia A. A. Farrag; Mahmoud M. Abu-Elamayem; Nabila S. Ahmed
Source:
Biology and fertility of soils 2012 v.48 no.4 pp. 463-468
ISSN:
0178-2762
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Meloidogyne incognita; chitin; chitosan; dose response; greenhouses; nematicidal properties; nematicides; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxamyl; phytotoxicity; root-knot nematodes; shrimp shells; soil; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Chitin has been chemically extracted from the Egyptian shrimp shell waste. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more soluble chitosan. Chitin and chitosan were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. These products were also characterized by their nematicidal potential against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incogn ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00374-011-0632-7

32. Purification, primary structure and potential functions of a novel lectin from Bauhinia forficata seeds

Author:
Mariana C.C. Silva; Lucimeire A. Santana; Reinhard Mentele; Rodrigo S. Ferreira; Antônio de Miranda; Rosemeire A. Silva-Lucca; Misako U. Sampaio; Maria T.S. Correia; Maria L.V. Oliva
Source:
Process biochemistry 2012 v.47 no.7 pp. 1049-1059
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
Bauhinia forficata; adenosine diphosphate; ammonium sulfate; anticoagulants; carbohydrate content; chitin; coagulation; dose response; fetuins; fractionation; gel chromatography; glycoproteins; hemagglutination; humans; ion exchange chromatography; lectins; molecular weight; pH; plasma kallikrein; platelet aggregation; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; seeds; thyroglobulin
Abstract:
... A new lectin, BfL, was purified from Bauhinia forficata seeds by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, Sepharose-4B and chitin affinity chromatographies and Superdex 75 size exclusion chromatography. The molecular homogeneity and purity of BfL were assessed by reversed-phase HPLC. BfL appeared as a single band of approximately 27.0kDa on SDS-PAGE under non-redu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2012.03.008

33. Bacillus pumilus SG2 chitinases induced and regulated by chitin, show inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana

Author:
Shali, Abbas; Ghasemi, Seyedhadi; Ahmadian, Gholamreza; Ranjbar, Gholamali; Dehestani, Ali; Khalesi, Naeimeh; Motallebi, Ebrahim; Vahed, Majid
Source:
Phytoparasitica 2010 v.38 no.2 pp. 141-147
ISSN:
0334-2123
Subject:
cell growth; wheat; plant pathogenic fungi; mechanism of action; Fusarium graminearum; dose response; glucose; fungal diseases of plants; biological control agents; Triticum aestivum; antifungal properties; hyphae; disease control; pathogenicity; growth retardation; culture media; Bacillus pumilus; chitin; biological control; Bipolaris sorokiniana; salts; chitinase
DOI:
10.1007/s12600-009-0078-8

34. Evaluation of seed coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) as a bioinsecticidal tool with potential for the control of insects

Author:
Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira; Luciana Andrade Luz; Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva; Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho; Sergio Marangoni; Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
Source:
Process biochemistry 2011 v.46 no.2 pp. 498-504
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
Ephestia kuehniella; Moringa oleifera; artificial diets; chitin; digestive tract; dose response; glycoproteins; insect control; insecticidal properties; larvae; lectins; midgut; mortality; pests; proteinases; surface interactions; transgenic plants
Abstract:
... Lectins have demonstrated significant levels of protection against different pests when expressed in transgenic plants. The effects of the coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) on moth flour (Anagasta kuehniella) were tested by incorporating the protein in an artificial diet at levels of 0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w), respectively. cMoL showed a dose-dependent effect on average larval weight and a seri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.025

35. Antioxidant effects of a dietary supplement: Reduction of indices of oxidative stress in normal subjects by water-soluble chitosan

Author:
Anraku, Makoto; Fujii, Takeshi; Furutani, Nobuko; Kadowaki, Daisuke; Maruyama, Toru; Otagiri, Masaki; Gebicki, Janusz M.; Tomida, Hisao
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2009 v.47 no.1 pp. 104-109
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
nutrient intake; water solubility; high density lipoprotein; carbonyl compounds; dose response; serum albumin; humans; oxidative stress; chitosan; dosage; free radical scavengers; antioxidant activity; polymers; volunteers; dietary supplements; hydroperoxides; chitin
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.015
PubMed:
18996432

36. Insecticidal action of mammalian galectin-1 against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

Author:
Chen, Shiang Jiuun; Chen, Nien-Ting; Wang, Siou-Hua; Hsu, Ju Chun; Ding, Wang-Hsien; Kuo-Huang, Ling-Long; Huang, Rong Nan
Source:
Pest management science 2009 v.65 no.8 pp. 923-930
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Plutella xylostella; insect pests; animal proteins; insecticidal properties; insect anatomy; chitosan; chitin; mechanism of action; larvae; larval development; insect growth; recombinant proteins; histochemistry; epithelial cells; villi; ultrastructure; midgut; intestinal microorganisms; in vitro studies; dosage; dose response; protein binding
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that mammalian galectin-1 (GAL1) could interact with chitosan or chitin, one component of the peritrophic membrane (PM). This finding suggests that the PM could be a target of GAL1, which prompted the authors to explore the effect of GAL1 on larval growth and its potential mechanism.RESULTS: The development of Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was significantly di ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.1775
PubMed:
19437454

37. Comparative Studies on Effects of Three Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors on Common Malaria Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) [Erratum: 2008 Mar., v. 45, issue 2, p. iii.]

Author:
Zhu, K.Y.; Heise, S.; Zhang, J.; Anderson, T.D.; Starkey, S.R.
Source:
Journal of medical entomology 2007 v.44 no.6 pp. 1047-1053
ISSN:
0022-2585
Subject:
eclosion; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; insect growth; chemical composition; diflubenzuron; pupae; dose response; body weight; nikkomycins; mosquito control; toxicity; mortality; chitin; larvae
Abstract:
... Toxicities of three chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D) were evaluated using second instars of the common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Neither nikkomycin Z nor polyoxin D at 50 μg/liter caused significant larval mortality, although they reduced the body weight of the survivors by 20.5 and 33.8%, respectively, in 48 h. In ...
DOI:
10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1047:CSOEOT]2.0.CO;2

38. Characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA and its increased mRNA level associated with decreased chitin synthesis in Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron

Author:
Zhang, J.; Zhu, K.Y.
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2006 v.36 no.9 pp. 712-725
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
mechanism of action; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; messenger RNA; diflubenzuron; dose response; complementary DNA; biosynthesis; amino acid sequences; gene expression; nucleotide sequences; chitin synthase; chitin
Abstract:
... Chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16) is a crucial enzyme responsible for chitin biosynthesis in all chitin-containing organisms. This paper reports a complete cDNA encoding chitin synthase 1 (AqCHS1), change of AqCHS1 mRNA level in response to diflubenzuron exposure, and concentration-dependent effect of diflubenzuron on chitin synthesis in the common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus). The cDN ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.06.002
PubMed:
16935220

39. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

40. Membrane depolarization induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in suspension-cultured rice cells

Author:
Kikuyama, M.; Kuchitsu, K.; Shibuya, N.
Source:
Plant & cell physiology 1997 v.38 no.8 pp. 902-909
ISSN:
0032-0781
Subject:
Oryza sativa; cell suspension culture; cytoplasm; cell membranes; membrane potential; measurement; oligosaccharides; chitin; metabolites; defense mechanisms; phytoalexins; biosynthesis; chlorides; dose response; calcium; ionophores; ion transport; anaerobic conditions; azides; proton pump
Abstract:
... N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (fragments of chitin) elicit defense responses, including phytoalexin production, in suspension-cultured rice cells. They induced rapid and transient membrane depolarization accompanied by a transient increase in net Cl- -efflux. The membrane depolarization was not affected by anaerobiosis or azide, suggesting that the major part of the depolarization was mediated by ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029250

41. Elicitor Actions of N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides and Laminarioligosaccharides for Chitinase and l-Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Induction in Rice Suspension Culture

Author:
Hiroshi Inui; Yasuhiro Yamaguchi; Shigehiro Hirano
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 1997 v.61 no.6 pp. 975-978
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
biotechnology; chitin; chitinase; chitosan; dose response; elicitors; oligosaccharides; phenylalanine; rice
Abstract:
... When a series of chitin oligosaccharides was added into a rice suspension culture, N-acetylchito- hexaose, N-acetylchitopentaose, and N-acetylchitotetraose caused an increase in extracellular chitinase activity, mainly due to induction of a class III chitinase. In the case of N-acetylchitohexaose, a substantial increase in the chitinase activity was observed at a concentration higher than 0.01 μg/ ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.61.975