U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject chitin Remove constraint Subject: chitin Subject dose response Remove constraint Subject: dose response
Start Over

Search

43  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 43 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

2. Elicitor Actions of N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides and Laminarioligosaccharides for Chitinase and l-Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Induction in Rice Suspension Culture

Author:
Hiroshi Inui; Yasuhiro Yamaguchi; Shigehiro Hirano
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 1997 v.61 no.6 pp. 975-978
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
biotechnology; chitin; chitinase; chitosan; dose response; elicitors; oligosaccharides; phenylalanine; rice
Abstract:
... When a series of chitin oligosaccharides was added into a rice suspension culture, N-acetylchito- hexaose, N-acetylchitopentaose, and N-acetylchitotetraose caused an increase in extracellular chitinase activity, mainly due to induction of a class III chitinase. In the case of N-acetylchitohexaose, a substantial increase in the chitinase activity was observed at a concentration higher than 0.01 μg/ ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.61.975

3. Membrane depolarization induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in suspension-cultured rice cells

Author:
Kikuyama, M.; Kuchitsu, K.; Shibuya, N.
Source:
Plant & cell physiology 1997 v.38 no.8 pp. 902-909
ISSN:
0032-0781
Subject:
Oryza sativa; cell suspension culture; cytoplasm; cell membranes; membrane potential; measurement; oligosaccharides; chitin; metabolites; defense mechanisms; phytoalexins; biosynthesis; chlorides; dose response; calcium; ionophores; ion transport; anaerobic conditions; azides; proton pump
Abstract:
... N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (fragments of chitin) elicit defense responses, including phytoalexin production, in suspension-cultured rice cells. They induced rapid and transient membrane depolarization accompanied by a transient increase in net Cl- -efflux. The membrane depolarization was not affected by anaerobiosis or azide, suggesting that the major part of the depolarization was mediated by ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029250

4. Characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA and its increased mRNA level associated with decreased chitin synthesis in Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron

Author:
Zhang, J.; Zhu, K.Y.
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2006 v.36 no.9 pp. 712-725
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
mechanism of action; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; messenger RNA; diflubenzuron; dose response; complementary DNA; biosynthesis; amino acid sequences; gene expression; nucleotide sequences; chitin synthase; chitin
Abstract:
... Chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16) is a crucial enzyme responsible for chitin biosynthesis in all chitin-containing organisms. This paper reports a complete cDNA encoding chitin synthase 1 (AqCHS1), change of AqCHS1 mRNA level in response to diflubenzuron exposure, and concentration-dependent effect of diflubenzuron on chitin synthesis in the common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus). The cDN ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.06.002
PubMed:
16935220

5. Comparative Studies on Effects of Three Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors on Common Malaria Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) [Erratum: 2008 Mar., v. 45, issue 2, p. iii.]

Author:
Zhu, K.Y.; Heise, S.; Zhang, J.; Anderson, T.D.; Starkey, S.R.
Source:
Journal of medical entomology 2007 v.44 no.6 pp. 1047-1053
ISSN:
0022-2585
Subject:
eclosion; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; insect growth; chemical composition; diflubenzuron; pupae; dose response; body weight; nikkomycins; mosquito control; toxicity; mortality; chitin; larvae
Abstract:
... Toxicities of three chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D) were evaluated using second instars of the common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Neither nikkomycin Z nor polyoxin D at 50 μg/liter caused significant larval mortality, although they reduced the body weight of the survivors by 20.5 and 33.8%, respectively, in 48 h. In ...
DOI:
10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1047:CSOEOT]2.0.CO;2

6. Antioxidant effects of a dietary supplement: Reduction of indices of oxidative stress in normal subjects by water-soluble chitosan

Author:
Anraku, Makoto; Fujii, Takeshi; Furutani, Nobuko; Kadowaki, Daisuke; Maruyama, Toru; Otagiri, Masaki; Gebicki, Janusz M.; Tomida, Hisao
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2009 v.47 no.1 pp. 104-109
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
nutrient intake; water solubility; high density lipoprotein; carbonyl compounds; dose response; serum albumin; humans; oxidative stress; chitosan; dosage; free radical scavengers; antioxidant activity; polymers; volunteers; dietary supplements; hydroperoxides; chitin
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.015
PubMed:
18996432

7. Insecticidal action of mammalian galectin-1 against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

Author:
Chen, Shiang Jiuun; Chen, Nien-Ting; Wang, Siou-Hua; Hsu, Ju Chun; Ding, Wang-Hsien; Kuo-Huang, Ling-Long; Huang, Rong Nan
Source:
Pest management science 2009 v.65 no.8 pp. 923-930
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Plutella xylostella; insect pests; animal proteins; insecticidal properties; insect anatomy; chitosan; chitin; mechanism of action; larvae; larval development; insect growth; recombinant proteins; histochemistry; epithelial cells; villi; ultrastructure; midgut; intestinal microorganisms; in vitro studies; dosage; dose response; protein binding
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that mammalian galectin-1 (GAL1) could interact with chitosan or chitin, one component of the peritrophic membrane (PM). This finding suggests that the PM could be a target of GAL1, which prompted the authors to explore the effect of GAL1 on larval growth and its potential mechanism.RESULTS: The development of Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was significantly di ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.1775
PubMed:
19437454

8. Bacillus pumilus SG2 chitinases induced and regulated by chitin, show inhibitory activity against Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana

Author:
Shali, Abbas; Ghasemi, Seyedhadi; Ahmadian, Gholamreza; Ranjbar, Gholamali; Dehestani, Ali; Khalesi, Naeimeh; Motallebi, Ebrahim; Vahed, Majid
Source:
Phytoparasitica 2010 v.38 no.2 pp. 141-147
ISSN:
0334-2123
Subject:
cell growth; wheat; plant pathogenic fungi; mechanism of action; Fusarium graminearum; dose response; glucose; fungal diseases of plants; biological control agents; Triticum aestivum; antifungal properties; hyphae; disease control; pathogenicity; growth retardation; culture media; Bacillus pumilus; chitin; biological control; Bipolaris sorokiniana; salts; chitinase
DOI:
10.1007/s12600-009-0078-8

9. Evaluation of seed coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) as a bioinsecticidal tool with potential for the control of insects

Author:
Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira; Luciana Andrade Luz; Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva; Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho; Sergio Marangoni; Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
Source:
Process biochemistry 2011 v.46 no.2 pp. 498-504
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
Ephestia kuehniella; Moringa oleifera; artificial diets; chitin; digestive tract; dose response; glycoproteins; insect control; insecticidal properties; larvae; lectins; midgut; mortality; pests; proteinases; surface interactions; transgenic plants
Abstract:
... Lectins have demonstrated significant levels of protection against different pests when expressed in transgenic plants. The effects of the coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) on moth flour (Anagasta kuehniella) were tested by incorporating the protein in an artificial diet at levels of 0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w), respectively. cMoL showed a dose-dependent effect on average larval weight and a seri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.025

10. Effects of sublethal concentrations of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, hexaflumuron, on the development and hemolymph physiology of the cutworm, Spodoptera litura

Author:
Zhu, Qiqi; He, Yuan; Yao, Jing; Liu, Yinzhao; Tao, Liming; Huang, Qingchun
Source:
Journal of insect science 2012 v.12 no. pp. -
ISSN:
1536-2442
Subject:
Spodoptera litura; carbohydrate content; chitin; cutworms; dose response; hemocytes; hexaflumuron; instars; larvae; larval development; molting; pseudopodia; pupae; pupation; sublethal effects; trehalose
Abstract:
... The effects of sublethal concentrations 0.1, 0.5, and 1.2 micrograms mL-1 of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, hexaflumuron, on larval growth and development, the count and proportion of hemocytes, and carbohydrate content (trehalose and glyceride) in hemolymph were investigated in the cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricious) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). When 3rd instar larvae were subjected to the subl ...
DOI:
10.1673%2F031.012.2701
PubMed:
22958164
PubMed Central:
PMC3472920

11. Extraction, characterization, and nematicidal activity of chitin and chitosan derived from shrimp shell wastes

Author:
Mohamed A. Radwan; Samia A. A. Farrag; Mahmoud M. Abu-Elamayem; Nabila S. Ahmed
Source:
Biology and fertility of soils 2012 v.48 no.4 pp. 463-468
ISSN:
0178-2762
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Meloidogyne incognita; chitin; chitosan; dose response; greenhouses; nematicidal properties; nematicides; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxamyl; phytotoxicity; root-knot nematodes; shrimp shells; soil; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Chitin has been chemically extracted from the Egyptian shrimp shell waste. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more soluble chitosan. Chitin and chitosan were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. These products were also characterized by their nematicidal potential against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incogn ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00374-011-0632-7

12. Purification, primary structure and potential functions of a novel lectin from Bauhinia forficata seeds

Author:
Mariana C.C. Silva; Lucimeire A. Santana; Reinhard Mentele; Rodrigo S. Ferreira; Antônio de Miranda; Rosemeire A. Silva-Lucca; Misako U. Sampaio; Maria T.S. Correia; Maria L.V. Oliva
Source:
Process biochemistry 2012 v.47 no.7 pp. 1049-1059
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
Bauhinia forficata; adenosine diphosphate; ammonium sulfate; anticoagulants; carbohydrate content; chitin; coagulation; dose response; fetuins; fractionation; gel chromatography; glycoproteins; hemagglutination; humans; ion exchange chromatography; lectins; molecular weight; pH; plasma kallikrein; platelet aggregation; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; seeds; thyroglobulin
Abstract:
... A new lectin, BfL, was purified from Bauhinia forficata seeds by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, Sepharose-4B and chitin affinity chromatographies and Superdex 75 size exclusion chromatography. The molecular homogeneity and purity of BfL were assessed by reversed-phase HPLC. BfL appeared as a single band of approximately 27.0kDa on SDS-PAGE under non-redu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2012.03.008

13. Enzymatic polymerization to an alternating N-l-cysteinyl chitin derivative: a novel class of multivalent glycopeptidomimetics

Author:
Masashi Ohmae; Sanae Koide; Yuki Fujita; Shunsaku Kimura
Source:
Carbohydrate research 2013 v.377 no. pp. 28-34
ISSN:
0008-6215
Subject:
chitin; dose response; polymerization
Abstract:
... A novel chitin derivative with an alternating N-l-cysteinyl group was successfully prepared. The precursor chitin derivative with an alternating N-l-thioprolinyl group could be obtained via chitinase-catalyzed polymerization of the N′-l-thioprolinyl chitobiose oxazoline derivative as a transition state analog substrate monomer under weak alkaline conditions. Conversion of the l-thioprolinyl group ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.009

14. Accumulation of N-Acetylglucosamine Oligomers in the Plant Cell Wall Affects Plant Architecture in a Dose-Dependent and Conditional Manner

Author:
Bartel Vanholme; Ruben Vanholme; Halbay Turumtay; Geert Goeminne; Igor Cesarino; Florence Goubet; Kris Morreel; Jorge Rencoret; Vincent Bulone; Cortwa Hooijmaijers; Riet De Rycke; Godelieve Gheysen; John Ralph; Marc De Block; Frank Meulewaeter; Wout Boerjan
Source:
Plant physiology 2014 v.165 no.1 pp. 290-308
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
N-acetylglucosamine; cell walls; chitin; dose response; phenotype; plant architecture
Abstract:
... In planta accumulation of short chitin oligomers results in a strong conditional phenotype . ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.113.233742
PubMed:
24664205
PubMed Central:
PMC4012587

15. Chitin extraction from crab shells by Bacillus bacteria. Biological activities of fermented crab supernatants

Author:
Sawssen Hajji; Olfa Ghorbel-Bellaaj; Islem Younes; Kemel Jellouli; Moncef Nasri
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2015 v.79 pp. 167-173
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus mojavensis; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus subtilis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gram-negative bacteria; antibacterial properties; antioxidant activity; chitin; crabs; dose response; glucose; hydrolysates; wastes
Abstract:
... Crab shells waste were fermented using six protease-producing Bacillus species (Bacillus subtilis A26, Bacillus mojavensis A21, Bacillus pumilus A1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens An6, Bacillus licheniformis NH1 and Bacillus cereus BG1) for the production of chitin and fermented-crab supernatants (FCSs). In medium containing only crab shells, the highest demineralization DM was obtained with B. lichen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.027

16. In Vitro and Dietary Effects of Chitin on Cellular and Humoral Immune Parameters of Catla, Catla catla (Hamilton)

Author:
Timothy Sangma; Dibyendu Kamilya
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2015 v.46 no.6 pp. 617-623
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Catla catla; blood serum; cell-mediated immunity; chitin; diet; disease resistance; dose response; fish; humoral immunity; immune response; immunostimulants; kidneys; leukocytes; lysozyme; nitric oxide; peroxidase; protein content; viability
Abstract:
... Immunostimulants increase the immunocompetency and disease resistance of fish by enhancing immune responses. This study determined the in vitro and dietary effects of chitin on immune responses of catla, Catla catla. Catla head‐kidney leukocytes were cultured in complete RPMI‐1640 medium containing 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/mL of chitin. Leucocyte viability and different cellular immune responses, nam ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12232

17. Transcriptome-wide analysis of the response of the thecosome pteropod Clio pyramidata to short-term CO2 exposure

Author:
Amy E. Maas; Gareth L. Lawson; Ann M. Tarrant
Source:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 2015 v.16 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
biomineralization; carbon dioxide enrichment; phylogeny; molluscs; dose response; migratory behavior; respiratory rate; complementary genes; gene expression; ocean acidification; transcriptome; gene expression regulation; dissolved carbon dioxide; geographical distribution; sequence analysis; metabolism; transcriptomics; autumn; calmodulin; chitin; plankton; lectins; ecophysiology; seawater; acute exposure; calcification; Northwest Atlantic
Abstract:
... Thecosome pteropods, a group of calcifying holoplanktonic mollusks, have recently become a research focus due to their potential sensitivity to increased levels of anthropogenic dissolved CO2 in seawater and the accompanying ocean acidification. Some populations, however, already experience high CO2 in their natural distribution during diel vertical migrations. To achieve a better understanding of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2015.06.002

18. Chitin and chitosan from the Norway lobster by-products: Antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities

Author:
Nadhem Sayari; Assaâd Sila; Baha Eddine Abdelmalek; Rihab Ben Abdallah; Semia Ellouz-Chaabouni; Ali Bougatef; Rafik Balti
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2016 v.87 pp. 163-171
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Nephrops norvegicus; acetylation; anti-infective properties; antineoplastic activity; byproducts; cell proliferation; chitin; chitosan; colorectal neoplasms; cytotoxicity; dose response; fungi; humans; inhibitory concentration 50; neoplasm cells; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Chitin was recovered through enzymatic deproteinization of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) processing by-products. The obtained chitin was characterized and converted into chitosan by N-deacetylation, the acid-soluble form of chitin. Chitosan samples were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic re ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.057

19. In-vitro Mycological activity of essential oil from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes

Author:
Bhagya H. Madegowda; Parthepan Rameshwaran; Navya P. Nagaraju; Pushpa S. Murthy
Source:
Journal of essential oil research 2016 v.28 no.1 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
2163-8152
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceus; Zingiber zerumbet; alpha-caryophyllene; antifungal properties; biomass; cell walls; chitin; conidiophores; corn; distillation; dose response; essential oils; fungi; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; hyphae; metabolism; minimum inhibitory concentration; mycelium; oils; rhizomes; scanning electron microscopy; spore germination
Abstract:
... The volatile oil (1.12%) from the Z. zerumbet rhizomes were extracted using Clevenger’s distillation. The GC and GC-MS profile of the Z. zerumbet volatiles revealed several components of which Zerumbone was the principal compound (49.8%) followed by α-Caryophyllene (20.1%) and trace of other compounds. The antifungal property of volatiles was studied against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochr ...
DOI:
10.1080/10412905.2015.1079274

20. Novaluron ingestion causes larval lethality and inhibits chitin content in Leptinotarsa decemlineata fourth-instar larvae

Author:
Qing-Yu Xu; Qing-Wei Meng; Ji-Feng Shi; Pan Deng; Wen-Chao Guo; Guo-Qing Li
Source:
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2017 v.143 pp. 173-180
ISSN:
0048-3575
Subject:
Leptinotarsa decemlineata; abamectin; adults; biosynthesis; chitin; chitin synthase; cyhalothrin; death; dose response; ecdysis; fipronil; genes; ingestion; integrated pest management; integument; juveniles; larvae; larvicides; leaves; mortality; novaluron; peritrophic membrane; prepupae; pupae; pupation; spinosad; tissues; uridine
Abstract:
... To accomplish consistent, long-term, integrated management (IPM) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), research assessing the potential of novel, IPM-compatible insecticides is essential. Novaluron is a potent benzoylurea insecticide. In the present paper, we found that novaluron ingestion by the fourth-instar larvae inhibited foliage consumption, reduced larval fresh wei ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.07.010