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1. 'Easy bleeding' bearing relations to special cuticle in sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Tanthredinidae)

Author:
Spindler-Barth, M.; Burret, M.; Spindler, K.D.
Source:
Entomologia generalis 2005 v.27 no.3-4 pp. 257-268
ISSN:
0171-8177
Subject:
Tenthredinidae; predator-prey relationships; defensive secretions; hemolymph; insect cuticle; ultrastructure; thickness; immunohistochemistry; chemical composition; chitin; calcium; mechanical properties
DOI:
10.1127/entom.gen/27/2005/257

2. 110th Anniversary: High-Molecular-Weight Chitin and Cellulose Hydrogels from Biomass in Ionic Liquids without Chemical Crosslinking

Author:
Paula Berton; Xiaoping Shen; Robin D. Rogers; Julia L. Shamshina
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2019 v.58 no.43 pp. 19862-19876
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
Populus; acetates; aerogels; air drying; antioxidant activity; biomass; biopolymers; cellulose; chitin; compressibility; crosslinking; gelation; hydrogels; ionic liquids; porosity; process design; shrimp shells; tensile strength; washing; water uptake; water vapor; wood
Abstract:
... Cellulose, chitin, and composite 3D hydrogels and membranes were fabricated without any chemical modification from high-molecular-weight chitin and cellulose-rich material (CRM) extracted from shrimp shell or poplar wood, respectively, using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C₂mim][OAc]). The hydrogels were prepared by redissolution of the extracted biopolymers in the sam ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03078

3. 15N: an Indicator of the Assimilation of Dietary Proteins for Oreochromis niloticus

Author:
Slawski, Hanno; Gotz, Klaus-Peter; Schulz, Carsten
Source:
Israeli journal of aquaculture Bamidgeh 2010 v.62 no.3 pp. 146-154
ISSN:
0792-156X
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; aquaculture; chitin; crude protein; dietary protein; digestion; digestive tract; experimental diets; fish; fish meal; fish nutrition; gills; insect larvae; juveniles; kidneys; liver; nitrogen; protein sources; stable isotopes; stomach
Abstract:
... The potential of enriched stable isotopes (15N) for protein digestion and assimilation studies in juvenile fish was evaluated. Fishmeal and maggot meal were enriched with 15N, incorporated into two diets (crude protein 30.2%). Four groups of ten Oreochromis niloticus (47.5±8.3 g) were fed an experimental diet at the same starting time. After 15 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h, five fish were selected, the ...

4. 1H NMR and 1H–13C HSQC surface characterization of chitosan–chitin sheath-core nanowhiskers

Author:
Antonio G.B. Pereira; Edvani C. Muniz; You-Lo Hsieh
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2015 v.123 pp. 46-52
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
acetone; acetylation; acid hydrolysis; chitin; chitosan; colloids; crystal structure; deuterium oxide; glucosamine; hydrochloric acid; hydrogen; nanocrystals; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sodium hydroxide
Abstract:
... Surface deacetylation of chitin nanowhiskers (CtNWs) to chitosan–sheath/chitin-core nanowhiskers (CsNWs) was successfully monitored by liquid-state high-resolution NMR of colloidal suspensions of these never-dried nanowhiskers. CtNWs were derived from acid hydrolysis (3N HCl, 30mL/g, 90min, 104°C) of chitin at 65% yield and 86% CrI. Deacetylation (50% NaOH, 48h, 50°C) of CtNWs generated CsNWs with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.017

5. 1H NMR characterization of chitin tetrasaccharide in binary H2O:DMSO solution: Evidence for anomeric end-effect propagation

Author:
Kecheng Li; Andrew R. Green; Meredith M. Dinges; Cynthia K. Larive
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2019 v.129 pp. 744-749
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
bioactive compounds; chitin; chitosan; elicitors; immune response; microstructure; nodulation; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oligosaccharides; solvents
Abstract:
... Chitin oligosaccharides, composed of homogeneous β(1 → 4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) sequences, is a well-known elicitor of plant immune defense, and also occur as structural elements of chitosan and nodulation (Nod) factor. Detailed microstructure characterization is required for understanding the function mode of these bioactive molecules. Herein, experimental conditions for detectio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.062

6. 2,5-Anhydro-d-Mannose End-Functionalized Chitin Oligomers Activated by Dioxyamines or Dihydrazides as Precursors of Diblock Oligosaccharides

Author:
Ingrid Vikøren Mo; Marianne Øksnes Dalheim; Finn L. Aachmann; Christophe Schatz; Bjørn E. Christensen
Source:
Biomacromolecules 2020 v.21 no.7 pp. 2884-2895
ISSN:
1526-4602
Subject:
biocompatible materials; biodegradability; chitin; depolymerization; glycosides; hydrazones; imines; nitrous acid; oligosaccharides; oximes; reducing agents
Abstract:
... Diblock oligosaccharides based on renewable resources allow for a range of new but, so far, little explored biomaterials. Coupling of blocks through their reducing ends ensures retention of many of their intrinsic properties that otherwise are perturbed in classical lateral modifications. Chitin is an abundant, biodegradable, bioactive, and self-assembling polysaccharide. However, most coupling pr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00620

7. 2-Acylamido Analogues of N-Acetylglucosamine Prime Formation of Chitin Oligosaccharides by Yeast Chitin Synthase 2

Author:
Jacob Gyore; Archana R. Parameswar; Carleigh F. F. Hebbard; Younghoon Oh; Erfel Bi; Alexei V. Demchenko; Neil P. Price; Peter Orlean
Source:
Journal of biological chemistry 2014 v.289 no.18 pp. 12835-12841
ISSN:
0021-9258
Subject:
N-acetylglucosamine; cell walls; chitin; chitin synthase; chitooligosaccharides; disaccharides; mass spectrometry; polymers; synthesis; yeasts
Abstract:
... Chitin, a polymer of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), is a key component of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods. Chitin synthases (CSs) transfer GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to pre-existing chitin chains in reactions that are typically stimulated by free GlcNAc. The effect of GlcNAc was probed by using a yeast strain expressing a single chitin synthase, Chs2, by exami ...
Handle:
10113/60315
DOI:
10.1074/jbc.M114.550749
PubMed:
no direct match
PubMed Central:
PMC4007471

8. 20‐hydroxyecdysone enhances the expression of the chitinase 5 via Broad‐Complex Zinc‐Finger 4 during metamorphosis in silkworm, Bombyx mori

Author:
X. Zhang; S. Zheng
Source:
Insect molecular biology 2017 v.26 no.2 pp. 243-253
ISSN:
0962-1075
Subject:
Bombyx mori; chitin; chitinase; ecdysterone; gel electrophoresis; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; luciferase; messenger RNA; metamorphosis; molting; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; regulatory sequences; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; silkworms; transcription factors
Abstract:
... Insect chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes required for the degradation of chitin. They are essential for insect moulting and metamorphosis. In this study, the regulation mechanism of a chitinase gene, Bombyx mori chitinase 5 (BmCHT5), was studied. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed that BmCHT5 was up‐regulated during the larval–larval and larval–pupa transitions and no ...
DOI:
10.1111/imb.12288

9. 26kDa endochitinase from barley seeds: Real-time monitoring of the enzymatic reaction and substrate binding experiments using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Author:
Dennhart, Nicole; Weigang, Linda M.M.; Fujiwara, Maho; Fukamizo, Tamo; Skriver, Karen; Letzel, Thomas
Source:
Journal of biotechnology 2009 v.143 no.4 pp. 274-283
ISSN:
0168-1656
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; barley; seeds; chitinase; enzyme activity; assays; binding capacity; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme substrates; enzymatic hydrolysis
Abstract:
... A 26kDa endochitinase from barley seeds was enzymatically characterized exclusively by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). At first, oligosaccharide hydrolysis catalyzed by the barley chitinase was monitored in real-time by ESI-MS. The reaction time-course obtained by ESI-MS monitoring was found to be consistent with the data obtained earlier by HPLC, and the quantitative profile w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.08.003
PubMed:
19665502

10. 3-Bromopyruvate-induced glycolysis inhibition impacts larval growth and development and carbohydrate homeostasis in fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury

Author:
Qian Qiu; Haifeng Zou; Hang Zou; Tianzhong Jing; XingPeng Li; Gaige Yan; Nannan Geng; Bihan Zhang; Zhidong Zhang; Shengyu Zhang; Bin Yao; Guocai Zhang; Chuanshan Zou
Source:
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2021 v.179 pp. 104961
ISSN:
0048-3575
Subject:
Hyphantria cunea; adenosine triphosphate; biosynthesis; cancer therapy; chitin; death; defoliating insects; ecdysterone; financial economics; forestry; glucose 6-phosphate; glycolysis; hexokinase; homeostasis; larval development; oxidoreductases; pesticides; phosphofructokinases; pyruvate kinase; pyruvic acid; transcription (genetics); trehalase; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... As a typical glycolytic inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) has been extensively studied in cancer therapy in recent decades. However, few studies focused on 3-BrPA in regulating the growth and development of insects, and the relationship and regulatory mechanism between glycolysis and chitin biosynthesis remain largely unknown. The Hyphantria cunea, named fall webworm, is a notorious defoliator, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104961

11. 3D chitinous scaffolds derived from cultivated marine demosponge Aplysina aerophoba for tissue engineering approaches based on human mesenchymal stromal cells

Author:
Vitalii V. Mutsenko; Vasilii V. Bazhenov; Olena Rogulska; Dmitriy N. Tarusin; Kathleen Schütz; Sophie Brüggemeier; Elke Gossla; Ashwini R. Akkineni; Heike Meißner; Anja Lode; Stephan Meschke; Andre Ehrlich; Slavica Petović; Rajko Martinović; Mirko Djurović; Allison L. Stelling; Sergey Nikulin; Sergey Rodin; Alexander Tonevitsky; Michael Gelinsky; Alexander Y. Petrenko; Birgit Glasmacher; Hermann Ehrlich
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2017 pp. -
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
Verongida; chitin; humans; porous media; stromal cells; tissue engineering
Abstract:
... The recently discovered chitin-based scaffolds derived from poriferans have the necessary prosperities for potential use in tissue engineering. Among the various demosponges of the Verongida order, Aplysina aerophoba is an attractive target for more in-depth investigations, as it is a renewable source of unique 3D microporous chitinous scaffolds. We found these chitinous scaffolds were cytocompati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.116

12. A 3D printable dynamic nanocellulose/nanochitin self-healing hydrogel and soft strain sensor

Author:
Pejman Heidarian; Saleh Gharaie; Hossein Yousefi; Mariana Paulino; Akif Kaynak; Russell Varley; Abbas Z. Kouzani
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2022 v.291 pp. 119545
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
ambient temperature; biocompatibility; cellulose; cellulose nanofibers; chitin; chitosan; crosslinking; hydrogels; hydrogen; imines; tannins
Abstract:
... Presented here is the synthesis of a 3D printable nano-polysaccharide self-healing hydrogel for flexible strain sensors. Consisting of three distinct yet complementary dynamic bonds, the crosslinked network comprises imine, hydrogen, and catecholato-metal coordination bonds. Self-healing of the hydrogel is demonstrated by macroscopic observation, rheological recovery, and compression measurements. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119545

13. 454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Fungal Assemblages from Geographically Distant, Disparate Soils Reveals Spatial Patterning and a Core Mycobiome

Author:
Alberto Orgiazzi; Valeria Bianciotto; Paola Bonfante; Stefania Daghino; Stefano Ghignone; Alexandra Lazzari; Erica Lumini; Antonietta Mello; Chiara Napoli; Silvia Perotto; Alfredo Vizzini; Simonetta Bagella; Claude Murat; Mariangela Girlanda
Source:
Diversity 2013 v.5 no.1 pp. 73-98
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
autocorrelation; chitin; data collection; ecosystems; fungal communities; internal transcribed spacers; microbiome; sequence homology; serpentine; soil; soil fungi; soil quality; soil sampling; species diversity; truffles
Abstract:
... Identifying a soil core microbiome is crucial to appreciate the established microbial consortium, which is not usually subjected to change and, hence, possibly resistant/resilient to disturbances and a varying soil context. Fungi are a major part of soil biodiversity, yet the mechanisms driving their large-scale ecological ranges and distribution are poorly understood. The degree of fungal communi ...
DOI:
10.3390/d5010073

14. AFM PeakForce QNM mode: Evidencing nanometre-scale mechanical properties of chitin-silica hybrid nanocomposites

Author:
G. Smolyakov; S. Pruvost; L. Cardoso; B. Alonso; E. Belamie; J. Duchet-Rumeau
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2016 v.151 pp. 373-380
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
chitin; films (materials); mechanical properties; models; nanocomposites; nanorods; silica
Abstract:
... PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (QNM) AFM mode was used to explore the mechanical properties of textured chitin-silica hybrid films at the nanoscale. The influence of the force applied by the tip on the sample surface was studied for standard homogeneous samples, for chitin nanorods and for chitin-silica hybrid nanocomposites. Thick films of superimposed chitin nanorods showed a mono ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.042

15. AFM dendritips functionalized with molecular probes specific to cell wall polysaccharides as a tool to investigate cell surface structure and organization

Author:
Marion Schiavone; Nathalie Sieczkowski; Mathieu Castex; Emmanuelle Trevisiol; Etienne Dague; Jean Marie François
Source:
Cell surface 2019 pp. -
ISSN:
2468-2330
Subject:
agglutinins; antibodies; cell walls; chemical interactions; chitin; concanavalin A; epoxides; gentiobiose; glass; glucose; mannans; models; proteinases; spectroscopy; stress response; thermodynamics; wheat germ; yeasts
Abstract:
... The yeast cell wall is composed of mannoproteins, β -1, 3 / β -1, 6-glucans and chitin. Each of these components has technological properties that are relevant for industrial and medical applications. To address issues related to cell wall structure and alteration in response to stress or conditioning processes, AFM dendritips were functionalized with biomolecules that are specific for each of the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100027

16. AOP Report: Inhibition of Chitin Synthase 1 Leading to Increased Mortality in Arthropods

Author:
Simon Schmid; You Song; Knut Erik Tollefsen
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2021 v.40 no.8 pp. 2112-2120
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
adverse outcome pathways; arthropods; biochemical pathways; chitin; chitin synthase; cost effectiveness; ecdysis; ecdysteroids; ecotoxicology; epithelium; exoskeleton; integument; locomotion; mortality; oxygen; pest management; plasma membrane; secretion; uridine
Abstract:
... Arthropods (including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids) rely on the synthesis of chitin to complete their life cycles (Merzendorfer 2011). The highly conserved chitin synthetic process and the absence of this process in vertebrates make it an exploitable target for pest management and veterinary medicines (Merzendorfer 2013; Junquera et al. 2019). Susceptible, nontarget organisms, such as insec ...
DOI:
10.1002/etc.5058

17. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis Successfully Discriminates Raw Doughs and Baked 3D-Printed Snacks Enriched with Edible Insect Powder

Author:
Nerea García-Gutiérrez; Jorge Mellado-Carretero; Christophe Bengoa; Ana Salvador; Teresa Sanz; Junjing Wang; Montse Ferrando; Carme Güell; Sílvia de Lamo-Castellví
Source:
Foods 2021 v.10 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2304-8158
Subject:
Alphitobius diaperinus; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Locusta migratoria; chickpeas; chitin; dough; edible insects; flour; ingredients; prediction; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... In a preliminary study, commercial insect powders were successfully identified using infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. Nonetheless, it is necessary to check if this technology is capable of discriminating, predicting, and quantifying insect species once they are used as an ingredient in food products. The objective of this research was to study the potential of using atten ...
DOI:
10.3390/foods10081806

18. Abnormal swelling of the peritrophic membrane in Eri silkworm gut caused by MLX56 family defense proteins with chitin-binding and extensin domains

Author:
Kotaro Konno; Sachiko Shimura; Chihiro Ueno; Toru Arakawa; Masatoshi Nakamura
Source:
Phytochemistry 2018 v.147 pp. 211-219
ISSN:
0031-9422
Subject:
Samia; arabinogalactan proteins; chitin; diet; extensin; insect larvae; latex; lectins; mechanism of action; mulberries; peritrophic membrane; silkworms; toxicity
Abstract:
... MLX56 family defense proteins, MLX56 and its close homolog LA-b, are chitin-binding defense proteins found in mulberry latex that show strong growth-inhibitions against caterpillars when fed at concentrations as low as 0.01%. MLX56 family proteins contain a unique structure with an extensin domain surrounded by two hevein-like chitin-binding domains, but their defensive modes of action remain uncl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.005

19. Above and belowground biodiversity in adjacent and distinct serpentine soils

Author:
Giovanna Visioli; Anna Maria Sanangelantoni; Federica D. Conti; Beatrice Bonati; Ciro Gardi; Cristina Menta
Source:
Applied soil ecology 2019 v.133 pp. 98-103
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
Acari; Actinobacteria; Collembola; Euphorbia cyparissias; Galium; Noccaea caerulescens; bacteria; bioavailability; biodiversity; cellulose; chitin; detritus; flora; grasslands; heavy metals; hyperaccumulators; nickel; plant communities; rhizosphere; ribosomal DNA; serpentine; serpentine soils; serpentinite; soil depth; soil microorganisms; soil organic matter; vascular plants; vegetation cover; Italy
Abstract:
... In this study we analysed the diversity of vascular plants, soil microorganisms and microarthropods on two serpentine outcrops in the Northern Apennines (Italy). The soils of the two sites are at different stages of evolution, as shown by soil depth and soil organic matter (SOM) content: the first site is a serpentine grassland clearing within sub-montane vegetation, while the second is a serpenti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.09.013

20. Absence of Gup1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in defective cell wall composition, assembly, stability and morphology

Author:
Ferreira, Célia; Silva, Sónia; Voorst, Frank van; Aguiar, Cristina; Kielland-Brandt, Morten C.; Brandt, Anders; Lucas, Cândida
Source:
FEMS yeast research 2006 v.6 no.7 pp. 1027-1038
ISSN:
1567-1356
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; biogenesis; carboxylic acids; cell wall components; cell walls; chitin; ethanol; glycerol; lipid composition; membrane potential; mutants; phenotype; plasma membrane; protein kinase C; quantitative analysis; salt stress; scanning electron microscopy; sodium dodecyl sulfate; symporters; yeasts
Abstract:
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gup1p and its homologue Gup2p, members of the superfamily of membrane-bound O-acyl transferases, were previously associated with glycerol-mediated salt-stress recovery and glycerol symporter activity. Several other phenotypes suggested Gup1p involvement in processes connected with cell structure organization and biogenesis. The gup1Δ mutant is also thermosensitive and exhi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00110.x

21. Absence of Sum Frequency Generation in Support of Orthorhombic Symmetry of α-Chitin

Author:
Ogawa Yu; Lee Christopher M.; Nishiyama Yoshiharu; Kim Seong H.
Source:
Macromolecules 2016 v.49 no.18 pp. 7025-7031
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; biosynthesis; cellulose; chitin; crystal structure; models
Abstract:
... The native polymorphic structures of chitin, namely α- and β-chitin, were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. The currently proposed model of α-chitin crystal based on X-ray and electron diffraction study has an antiparallel chain arrangement imposed by the orthorhombic symmetry in contrast to paralle ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01583

22. Absorption Behavior of Metal Ions on Chitin/Cellulose Composite Fibers with Chemical Modification by EDTA

Author:
Shinya Izumi; Yoshiaki Shimizu; Toshinobu Higashimura
Source:
Textile research journal 2002 v.72 no.6 pp. 515-519
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
cellulose; chitin; chitosan; synthesis; chemical treatment; dimethyl sulfoxide; metal ions; dyes; absorption; desorption; sorption isotherms; pH; EDTA (chelating agent)
Abstract:
... The novel synthesis of EDTA-modified chitin/cellulose composite fibers is accomplished using dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent, and the absorptive ability of the fibers for metal ions is examined by measuring absorption isotherms at different pHs. For some metal ions, the modified fibers show improved absorption powers compared with the parent fiber material. These composite fibers may be a reusab ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051750207200609

23. Absorption behaviors and structure changes of chitin in alkali solution

Author:
Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Pan, W.; Wu, Q.
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2008 v.72 no.2 pp. 235-239
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
chitin; absorption; alkali treatment; chemical concentration; temperature; ethanol; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; sodium hydroxide; molecular weight; polymerization; polymers; soaking; duration; freezing
Abstract:
... Absorption behaviors of chitin in alkali solution under different treatment conditions of alkali concentration, soaking time, soaking temperature and added ethanol were studied. The solid state structural changes of the resulting chitin were investigated by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the physical absorption of alkali solution occurred instantly when soaked in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.004

24. Abundance of bacterial genes encoding for proteases and chitinases in the rhizosphere of three different potato cultivars

Author:
Gschwendtner, Silvia; Reichmann, Michael; Müller, Martin; Radl, Viviane; Munch, Jean Charles; Schloter, Michael
Source:
Biology and fertility of soils 2010 v.46 no.6 pp. 649-652
ISSN:
0178-2762
Subject:
quantitative polymerase chain reaction; cultivars; plant growth; rhizosphere; terrestrial ecosystems; metalloproteinases; developmental stages; greenhouse experimentation; soil; potatoes; genes; genotype; hydrolysis; field experimentation; nucleic acids; vegetation; chitin; chitinase
Abstract:
... In terrestrial ecosystems, the majority of soil N is present in organic macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and chitin. Because these compounds cannot be assimilated by plants, plant growth is often N-limited. Therefore, the hydrolysis of proteins and chitin is particularly important in making N available for plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of different potato cultivar ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00374-010-0460-1

25. Abundant Chitinous Structures in Chilostomella (Foraminifera, Rhizaria) and Their Potential Functions

Author:
Hidetaka Nomaki; Chong Chen; Kaya Oda; Masashi Tsuchiya; Akihiro Tame; Katsuyuki Uematsu; Noriyuki Isobe
Source:
journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2021 v.68 no.1 pp. e12828
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
Japan; Retaria; carbon; chitin; cytoplasm; light microscopes; metabolism; microbiology
Abstract:
... Benthic foraminifera, members of Rhizaria, inhabit a broad range of marine environments and are particularly common in hypoxic sediments. The biology of benthic foraminifera is key to understanding benthic ecosystems and relevant biogeochemical cycles, especially in hypoxic environments. Chilostomella is a foraminiferal genus commonly found in hypoxic deep‐sea sediments and has poorly understood e ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12828

26. Accelerated nerve regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells in chitin–chitosan–gelatin scaffolds with inverted colloidal crystal geometry

Author:
Yung-Chih Kuo; Ching-Chun Lin
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2013 v.103 pp. 595-600
ISSN:
0927-7765
Subject:
adhesion; biocompatible materials; chitin; chitosan; colloids; crosslinking; crystals; ethanol; ethylene glycol; gelatin; induced pluripotent stem cells; nerve tissue; neurons; topography; viability
Abstract:
... Polymeric biomaterials with regular pore structure can generate distinctive properties in various biomedical applications. This study presents scaffolds comprising chitin, chitosan, and gelatin with pore geometry of inverted colloidal crystals (ICC) for guiding differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells toward neurons. Chitin–chitosan–gelatin ICC scaffolds were fabricated by self-asse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.001

27. Accessibility of chitin and chitosan in enzymatic hydrolysis: A review

Author:
Daria N. Poshina; Sergei V. Raik; Alexander N. Poshin; Yury A. Skorik
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2018 v.156 pp. 269-278
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
carboxylic ester hydrolases; cellulose; chitin; chitinase; chitooligosaccharides; chitosan; cost effectiveness; crystal structure; enzymatic hydrolysis; enzymatic treatment; hydrolysis; mechanism of action; polymers; proteinases
Abstract:
... The enzymatic modification of polysaccharides has attracted much research attention, as it raises the possibility of using highly selective reactions performed by naturally designed proteins for practical purposes. However, achieving high performance of enzymes for the degradation of insoluble natural polysaccharides with highly ordered structures, such as cellulose and chitin, remains challenging ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.005

28. Accumulation of lipochitin oligosaccharides and NodD-activating compounds in an efficient plant-rhizobium nodulation assay

Author:
Tak, T.; Spronsen, P.C. van; Kijne, J.W.; Brussel, A.A.N. van; Boot, K.J.M.
Source:
Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2004 v.17 no.7 pp. 816-823
ISSN:
0894-0282
Subject:
Vicia sativa subsp. nigra; nodulation; chitin; oligosaccharides; Rhizobium leguminosarum; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; bacterial proteins; transcription factors
DOI:
10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.7.816
PubMed:
15242176

29. Accurate analysis of fusion expression of Pichia pastoris glycosylphosphatidylinositol-modified cell wall proteins

Author:
Pan Wang; Li Zhang; Rebecca Fisher; Meiqi Chen; Shuli Liang; Shuangyan Han; Suiping Zheng; Haixin Sui; Ying Lin
Source:
Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 2017 v.44 no.9 pp. 1355-1365
ISSN:
1367-5435
Subject:
quantitative analysis; Komagataella pastoris; Pseudozyma antarctica; methanol; yeasts; carboxylic ester hydrolases; structural proteins; transmission electron microscopy; glycoproteins; chitin; gene dosage
Abstract:
... Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoproteins have diverse intrinsic functions in yeasts, and they also have different uses in vitro. The GPI-modified cell wall proteins GCW21, GCW51, and GCW61 of Pichia pastoris were chosen as anchoring proteins to construct co-expression strains in P. pastoris GS115. The hydrolytic activity and the amount of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) display ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10295-017-1962-8

30. Ace2p, and regulator of CTS1 (chitinase) expression, affects pseudohyphal production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author:
King, L.; Butler, G.
Source:
Current genetics 1998 v.34 no.3 pp. 183-191
ISSN:
0172-8083
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; transcription factors; mutants; mutagenesis; gene expression; structural genes; chitinase; enzyme activity; fungal anatomy; cell differentiation; chitin; chemical composition; adhesion; culture media
DOI:
10.1007/s002940050384

31. Acetyl xylan esterase-catalyzed deacetylation of chitin and chitosan

Author:
Morley, K.L.; Chauve, G.; Kazlauskas, R.; Dupont, C.; Shareck, F.; Marchessault, R.H.
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2006 v.63 no.3 pp. 310-315
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
chitosan; crystal structure; acetylation; esterases; chitin
Abstract:
... Acetyl xylan esterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetyl groups in chitinous materials of variable degrees of polymerization and acetylation. The influence of substrate accessibility is most notable with substrate of high degree of acetylation (DA). The activity rises sharply as the number of acetyl groups in the substrates decreases and at about 24% DA enzyme activity reaches a maximum. Therefo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.07.034

32. Achlya sp. Dermatitis in an American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Author:
C.H. Lau; E.R. Snook; A.K. Swinford; L.K. Bryan
Source:
Journal of comparative pathology 2020 v.175 pp. 1-4
ISSN:
0021-9975
Subject:
Achlya; Alligator mississippiensis; Pythium; Saprolegnia; alligators; chitin; dermatitis; ergosterol; farming systems; fish; fungi; hatcheries; hyphae; juveniles; necropsy; polymerase chain reaction; protists; silver staining; tissues
Abstract:
... Oomycetes are water moulds in the kingdom Protista and are not considered true fungi due to the structural lack of chitin and ergosterol. Many oomycetes are pathogenic, such as Pythium spp., and many fish are prone to Saprolegnia spp. infections, particularly in stressful farming situations. A juvenile American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was presented for necropsy examination with whit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.12.002

33. Acid-Catalyzed Chitin Liquefaction in Ethylene Glycol

Author:
Pierson Yann; Chen Xi; Bobbink Felix D.; Zhang Jiaguang; Yan Ning
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2014 v.2 no.8 pp. 2081-2089
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; catalytic activity; chitin; crystal structure; ethylene glycol; fish industry; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrolysis; liquefaction; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymers; sulfuric acid; wastes
Abstract:
... This paper describes chitin liquefaction in ethylene glycol (EG) under the catalysis of sulfuric acid for the first time. Up to 75% of chitin was liquefied at 165 °C within 90 min by using 8 wt % of acid (refer to the mass of EG). The major products (30% yield) were identified to be hydroxyethyl-2-amino-2-deoxyhexopyranoside (HADP) and hydroxyethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexopyranoside (HAADP) by GC-M ...
DOI:
10.1021/sc500334b

34. Acidic Ethanol/Water Casting Approach to Improve Chitin Nanofibril Dispersion and Properties of Propionylated Chitin Biocomposites

Author:
Tuhua Zhong; Michael P. Wolcott; Hang Liu; Jinwu Wang
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2021 v.9 no.8 pp. 3289-3299
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
biocomposites; chitin; ethanol; glass transition temperature; green chemistry; nanocomposites; propionic acid; storage modulus; tensile strength
Abstract:
... A fabrication process using acidic ethanol/water as a medium was developed to achieve homogenous dispersion of chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs) in a chitin propionate (CP) solution to form ChNF-reinforced CP nanocomposites. CP was prepared by propionylation of chitin to improve its dissolution in green organic solvents. ChNFs were extracted from chitin via partial alkali deacetylation in water. An acidi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08990

35. Acidic Proteases from Monterey Sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea) Immobilized on Shrimp Waste Chitin and Chitosan Supports: Searching for a By-product Catalytic System

Author:
Jesus Aaron Salazar-Leyva; Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza; Juan Carlos Ramirez-Suarez; Elisa Miriam Valenzuela-Soto; Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer; Francisco Javier Castillo-Yañez; Ramon Pacheco-Aguilar
Source:
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2013 v.171 no.3 pp. 795-805
ISSN:
0273-2289
Subject:
Sardinops sagax; acetylation; biochemical pathways; byproducts; catalytic activity; chitin; chitosan; head; immobilized enzymes; industry; pollutants; proteinases; proteins; sardines; seafoods; shrimp; solid wastes; stomach
Abstract:
... Solid wastes generated from the seafood industry represent an important environmental pollutant; therefore, utilization of those wastes for the development of processing biochemical tools could be an attractive and clean solution for the seafood industry. This study reports the immobilization of semi-purified acidic proteases from Monterey sardine stomachs onto chitin and chitosan materials extrac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12010-013-0407-8
PubMed:
23897542

36. Acidic mammalian chitinase gene is highly expressed in the special oxyntic glands of Manis javanica

Author:
Jing‐E Ma; Lin‐Miao Li; Hai‐Ying Jiang; Xiu‐Juan Zhang; Juan Li; Guan‐Yu Li; Jin‐Ping Chen
Source:
FEBS Open Bio 2018 v.8 no.8 pp. 1247-1255
ISSN:
2211-5463
Subject:
Manis javanica; Western blotting; chitin; chitinase; digestive tract; genes; mammals; stomach
Abstract:
... The Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) is a mammal that feeds primarily on ants and termites, which contain the energy‐rich carbohydrate chitin. Chitin is digestible by endogenous enzymes of the typical mammalian gastrointestinal tract, especially the acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). The objective of this research was to determine whether AMCase activity is expressed in the stomach of M. javani ...
DOI:
10.1002/2211-5463.12461

37. Acidobacteria from oligotrophic soil from the Cerrado can grow in a wide range of carbon source concentrations

Author:
Virgilio Hipólito Lemos de Castro; Luis Felipe Schroeder; Betania Ferraz Quirino; Ricardo Henrique Kruger; Cristine Chaves Barreto
Source:
Canadian journal of microbiology 2013 v.59 no.11 pp. 746-753
ISSN:
1480-3275
Subject:
Acidobacterium capsulatum; agar; arabinose; carbon; carboxymethylcellulose; cerrado; cerrado soils; chitin; fructose; gellan gum; glucose; ribosomal RNA; xylan; xylose
Abstract:
... Soils from the Brazilian Cerrado are nutrient-poor, acidic, and aluminum-rich. A previous study revealed that members of the phylum Acidobacteria were predominant in these oligotrophic soils. Five acidobacteria from Cerrado soil were isolated on VL-55 medium containing 0.05% of xylan as carbon source. All isolates belong to the Acidobacteria subdivision 1, and their 16S rRNA showed similarities of ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjm-2013-0331

38. Acinetobacter indicus CCS-12: A New Bacterial Source for the Production and Biochemical Characterization of Thermostable Chitinase with Promising Antifungal Activity

Author:
Fatima Akram; Ikram ul Haq; Ayesha Roohi; Rabia Akram
Source:
Waste and biomass valorization 2022 v.13 no.7 pp. 3371-3388
ISSN:
1877-2641
Subject:
Acinetobacter; agitation; antifungal properties; biological control; biological control agents; biomass; calcium; chitin; chitinase; enzyme activity; food additives; half life; malt extract; molecular weight; pH; phosphates; plant pathogens; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; temperature; thermal stability; wastes
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: In the recent epoch, chitinolytic enzymes have attained much attention as promising biocontrol agents and ability to convert recalcitrant chitinous wastes into valuable products. Some chitinolytic microorganisms have emerged as the potential candidate to carry a noticeable ability to degrade this polysaccharide in nature. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, in this study, a new bacterial strain Acin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12649-022-01753-6

39. Actinobacteria may influence white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) nutrition, ascocarp degradation and interactions with other soil fungi

Author:
Aleksandar Pavić; Slaviša Stanković; Elmira Saljnikov; Dirk Krüger; François Buscot; Mika Tarkka; Žaklina Marjanović
Source:
Fungal ecology 2013 v.6 no.6 pp. 527-538
ISSN:
1754-5048
Subject:
ascomata; Trichoderma; lipids; Clonostachys rosea; carbon; nutrients; solubilization; Verticillium; urease; ammonification; phytic acid; pectins; Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens; beta-glucans; chitin; truffles; proteins; soil fungi; nitrogen; nutrition; tricalcium phosphate; bacteria
Abstract:
... To test the hypothesis that truffle-associated bacteria may improve truffle nutrition, we isolated bacteria from white truffle ascocarps and tested Actinobacteria for their ability to solubilise phosphate and iron, nutrients that have limited availability in white truffle grounds. Two isolates with sequence similarities to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and Rhodococcus sp. were characterized in det ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funeco.2013.05.006

40. Action of Brassinosteroids on the Epithelial Cell Line from Chironomus tentans

Author:
Klaus-Dieter Spindler; Margarethe Spindler-Barth; Andreas Turberg; Günter Adam
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.47 no.3-4 pp. 280-284
ISSN:
1865-7125
Subject:
Chironomus tentans; brassinosteroids; chitin; cytotoxicity; ecdysone; ecdysteroid receptor; epithelial cells; ponasterone A; tritium
Abstract:
... The two brassinosteroids, 22S′,23S′-homobrassinolide and 22S′,23S′-homocastasterone are weak competitors of the binding of [³H]ponasterone A to the intracellular ecdysteroid receptor from the epithelial cell line from Chironom us tentans. The relative affinities to the ecdysteroid receptor are 0.001 for both brassinosteroids as compared to 20-OH-ecdysone and 0.1 in comparison to ecdysone. Both sub ...
DOI:
10.1515/znc-1992-3-418

41. Activated carbon derived from chitin aerogels: preparation and CO2 adsorption

Author:
Rohan S. Dassanayake; Chamila Gunathilake; Noureddine Abidi; Mietek Jaroniec
Source:
Cellulose 2018 v.25 no.3 pp. 1911-1920
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
activated carbon; adsorption; aerogels; carbon dioxide; carbonization; cellulose; chitin; micropores; potassium hydroxide; surface area
Abstract:
... Activated carbon was prepared by carbonization and KOH activation of chitin aerogels. The resulting carbon featured high CO₂ adsorption of 5.02 mmol/g at 0 °C and 3.44 mmol/g at 25 °C under ambient pressure of 1 atm. The activated carbon showed a high specific surface area of ~ 520 m²/g, total pore volume of 0.30 cm³/g, and volume of micropores of ~ 0.19 cm³/g. KOH activation of carbonized chitin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-018-1660-3

42. Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of Nicotiana benthamiana Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles

Author:
Miguel López; Elisa Miranda; Cecilia Ramos; Héctor García; Andrónico Neira-Carrillo
Source:
Plants 2020 v.9 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2223-7747
Subject:
Nicotiana benthamiana; chemical composition; chitin; chitinase; elicitors; emulsions; gene expression; genes; nanoparticles; oils; reactive oxygen species; seedlings
Abstract:
... Chitin is an excellent material for the synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an elicitor and can form nanostructured materials. The application of chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) in plants can activate early defense responses associated with chitin. In this study, CNPs were synthesized by water in oil (W/O) emulsion using an aqueous chitin solution. The CNPs were characterized and used to evaluate ...
DOI:
10.3390/plants9050607

43. Activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in Arabidopsis by chitin

Author:
Wan, J.; Zhang, S.; Stacey, G.
Source:
Molecular plant pathology 2004 v.5 no.2 pp. 125-135
ISSN:
1464-6722
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; transgenic plants; Nicotiana tabacum; tobacco; structural genes; transcription (genetics); messenger RNA; gene expression regulation; chitin; enzyme activity; defense mechanisms; transcription factors; promoter regions
DOI:
10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00215.x
PubMed:
20565589

44. Activation of enzymatic chitin degradation by a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

Author:
Anne Grethe Hamre; Kristine B. Eide; Hanne H. Wold; Morten Sørlie
Source:
Carbohydrate research 2015 v.407 pp. 166-169
ISSN:
0008-6215
Subject:
Serratia marcescens; cellulose; chitin; enzymes; synergism
Abstract:
... For decades, the enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin was thought to solely rely on the synergistic action of hydrolytic enzymes, but recent work has shown that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are important contributors to this process. Here, we have examined the initial rate enhancement an LPMO (CBP21) has on the hydrolytic enzymes (ChiA, C ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.010

45. Active and intelligent biodegradable packaging films using food and food waste-derived bioactive compounds: A review

Author:
Nitya Bhargava; Vijay Singh Sharanagat; Rahul S Mor; Kshitiz Kumar
Source:
Trends in food science & technology 2020 v.105 pp. 385-401
ISSN:
0924-2244
Subject:
agar; anthocyanins; betalains; biodegradability; biopolymers; carotenoids; cellulose; chitin; chlorophyll; consumer demand; curcumin; food waste; human health; meat; milk; quercetin; seafoods; spoilage; starch; toxicity
Abstract:
... The growing environmental concern of plastic packaging disposal has led to the innovation of biodegradable biopolymers. Consumer demand and health concern further necessitate the emergence of active and intelligent packaging system to monitor the quality of packed food. Whereas, the use of chemical dyes as an indicator in smart packaging is not suitable for food packaging because of their high tox ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.015

46. Activities of cell wall degrading enzymes in autolyzing cultures of three Fusarium culmorum isolates: growth-promoting, deleterious and pathogenic to rye (Secale cereale)

Author:
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Ewa Kurek; Anna Słomka; Monika Janczarek; Beata Rodzik
Source:
Mycologia 2011 v.103 no.5 pp. 929-945
ISSN:
1557-2536
Subject:
Fusarium culmorum; Secale cereale; autolysis; cell walls; chitin; chitinase; culture media; fungi; glucose; organic compounds; pathogens; plant growth; polygalacturonase; principal component analysis; rhizosphere; rye; xylanases
Abstract:
... Release of cell wall degrading enzymes, CWDE, (glucanases, chitinases, xylanases, endocellulases, exocellulases, pectinases and polygalacturonases) was compared for three Fusarium culmorum isolates, two nonpathogenic rhizosphere isolates (a plant growth promoting [PGPF] and a deleterious [DRMO]) and one root pathogen, grown on media supplemented with one of these C sources: glucose, chitin, plant ...
DOI:
10.3852/10-300

47. Activities of chitinolytic enzymes during primary and secondary colonization of wood by basidiomycetous fungi

Author:
Björn D. Lindahl; Roger D. Finlay
Source:
new phytologist 2006 v.169 no.2 pp. 389-397
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Picea abies; beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase; cell walls; chitin; chitinase; decayed wood; enzyme activity; fungi; hyphae; methodology; mycelium; nitrogen
Abstract:
... • The nitrogen (N) content of wood is usually suboptimal for fungal colonization. During decomposition of wood, an increasing fraction of the N becomes incorporated into fungal mycelium. Between 5 and 50% of the N in wood‐degrading mycelium may be incorporated into chitin. Chitinolytic enzymes render this N available for re‐utilization. • Here, the activities of chitinolytic enzymes produced by wo ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01581.x

48. Activity and mode of action against fungal phytopathogens of bovine lactoferricin-derived peptides

Author:
Muñoz, A.; Marcos, J.F.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2006 v.101 no.6 pp. 1199-1207
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Penicillium digitatum; amino acids; anti-infective properties; breeding; cattle; chitin; conidia; hyphae; lactoferrin; mandarins; mechanism of action; mycelium; plant pathogenic fungi; protective effect; sporulation; synthetic peptides
Abstract:
... To evaluate the activity against fungal phytopathogens of two synthetic peptides derived from the protein bovine lactoferricin: the antibacterial active core of six amino acid residues (LfcinB₂₀₋₂₅) and an extension of 15 amino acids (LfcinB₁₇₋₃₁). In vitro activity against fungal pathogens was determined and compared with that against model micro-organisms. Activity was demonstrated against fungi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03089.x

49. Activity of chitin deacetylase from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on chitinous substrates

Author:
Neith Pacheco; Stéphane Trombotto; Laurent David; Keiko Shirai
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2013 v.96 no.1 pp. 227-232
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
Glomerella cingulata; acetates; acetylation; chitin; chitin deacetylase; chitosan; crystal structure; hydrolysis; molecular weight; pH; plant pathogenic fungi; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; submerged fermentation
Abstract:
... Production of chitin deacetylases from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was successfully achieved by submerged fermentation. The highest specific activity of 0.018Umg−1 of protein was obtained after 96h of cultivation at pH 6 and 28°C. Two bands with molecular weights of 35kDa and 170kDa determined with SDS-PAGE displayed deacetylase activities as detected in the zymograms ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.051

50. Activity, stability and folding analysis of the chitinase from Entamoeba histolytica

Author:
Patricia L.A. Muñoz; Alexis Z. Minchaca; Rosa E. Mares; Marco A. Ramos
Source:
Parasitology international 2016 v.65 no.1 pp. 70-77
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
Entamoeba histolytica; amebiasis; chitin; chitinase; developing countries; encystment; environmental factors; enzyme activity; excystation; humans; models; pH; parasites; public health; structure-activity relationships; temperature; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Human amebiasis, caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, remains as a significant public health issue in developing countries. The life cycle of the parasite compromises two main stages, trophozoite and cyst, linked by two major events: encystation and excystation. Interestingly, the cyst stage has a chitin wall that helps the parasite to withstand harsh environmental conditions. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.006