An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Persistent organic pollutants are stored in environmental reservoirs globally. Tracking the mass and movement of these pollutants is critical for assessing environmental health for human and wildlife populations. Recently, glaciers have been identified as secondary reservoirs for persistent organic pollutants. Downstream lakes and rivers have increased risk of exposure with climate change and loss ...
atmospheric deposition; ammonia; simulation models; forests; sulfur; air quality; lichens; plant communities; indicator species; nitrogen; bioavailability; epiphytes; climate change; species diversity; plant response; climate models; air pollution; environmental monitoring; Oregon
Abstract:
... Human activity is changing air quality and climate in the US Pacific Northwest. In a first application of non-metric multidimensional scaling to a large-scale, framework dataset, we modeled lichen community response to air quality and climate gradients at 1416 forested 0.4 ha plots. Model development balanced polluted plots across elevation, forest type and precipitation ranges to isolate pollutio ...
Masamichi Takahashi; Zhaozhong Feng; Tatyana A. Mikhailova; Olga V. Kalugina; Olga V. Shergina; Larisa V. Afanasieva; Roland Kueh Jui Heng; Nik Muhamad Abd Majid; Hiroyuki Sase
Japan; Siberia; air pollution; atmospheric deposition; boreal forests; climate; climate change; economic development; ecosystems; environment; forest decline; latitude; nitrogen; ozone; particulates; photosynthesis; tree physiology; trees; China; Korean Peninsula; Mongolia; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Air pollution and atmospheric deposition have adverse effects on tree and forest health. We reviewed studies on tree and forest decline in Northeast and Southeast Asia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (hereafter referred to as East Asia). This included studies published in domestic journals and languages. We identified information about the locations, causes, periods, and tree species exhibiting ...
... Gaseous ammonia (NH₃) is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere. In addition, it is a major component of total reactive nitrogen. The largest source of NH₃ emissions is agriculture, including animal husbandry and NH₃-based fertilizer applications. Other sources of NH₃ include industrial processes, vehicular emissions and volatilization from soils and oceans. Recent studies have indicated ...
... Ombrotrophic peatlands are widely used to reconstruct atmospheric metal deposition histories. Here, we estimated the long-term atmospheric Pb deposition flux using ombrotrophic peatland data from the Changbai Mountains, northeast China. A peat profile of 320-cm depth was sampled and cut into 164 slices for measurement of Pb and other elements by ICP-MS and ICP-AES and radiometric dating by ²¹⁰Pb, ...
... The objective was to quantitatively understand the impacts of climate change (CC) under the A1B scenario on the contamination levels of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from pyrogenic sources in the environmental media based on model prediction. To predict the impacts of CC in South Korea, a revised version of KoEFT-PBTs, a dynamic multimedia model for persistent organic pollutants in So ...
Christopher M. Clark; Jennifer Phelan; Prakash Doraiswamy; John Buckley; James C. Cajka; Robin L. Dennis; Jason Lynch; Christopher G. Nolte; Tanya L. Spero
acidification; air quality; aquatic ecosystems; atmospheric deposition; botanical composition; climate; climate change; critical load; databases; decision making; issues and policy; leaching; lichens; nitrates; nitrogen; sulfur; United States
Abstract:
... Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) has increased dramatically over pre‐industrial levels, with many potential impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Quantitative thresholds, termed “critical loads” (CLs), have been developed to estimate the deposition rate above which damage is thought to occur. However, there remains no comprehensive comparison of when, where, and over ...
atmospheric deposition; rivers; subwatersheds; microbial activity; principal component analysis; soil; climate change; time series analysis; dissolved organic carbon; climate models; runoff; land use; prediction; India
Abstract:
... The atmosphere–land–water connectivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is not altogether accounted in major rivers of India despite recent researches highlighting its importance. We studied the coupled effect of atmospheric deposition (AD) and local land use on DOC buildup in Ganga River for a period of 6 years. The AD-OC input increased consistently over time and there was over 1.5- to 1.8-fold ...
Terry Bidleman; Kathleen Agosta; Agneta Andersson; Eva Brorström-Lundén; Peter Haglund; Katarina Hansson; Hjalmar Laudon; Seth Newton; Olle Nygren; Matyas Ripszam; Mats Tysklind; Karin Wiberg
... Long-range atmospheric transport is a major pathway for delivering persistent organic pollutants to the oceans. Atmospheric deposition and volatilization of chlorinated pesticides and algae-produced bromoanisoles (BAs) were estimated for Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea, based on air and water concentrations measured in 2011–2012. Pesticide fluxes were estimated using monthly air and water temper ...
... An unprecedented devastating forest fire occurred in Australia from September 2019 to March 2020. Satellite observations revealed that this rare fire event in Australia destroyed a record amount of more than 202,387 km² of forest, including 56,471 km² in eastern Australia, which is mostly composed of evergreen forest. The released aerosols contained essential nutrients for the growth of marine phy ...
... Declines in bird populations are an important issue facing conservationists. Although studies have documented bird declines in a variety of lowland habitats, montane habitats are generally under represented in these investigations. Nevertheless, montane habitats are vulnerable because of their restricted geographic distribution as well as their exposure to environmental stressors such as atmospher ...
... Biological nitrogen fixation is a key ecosystem function incorporating new nitrogen (N) during primary successions. Increasing evidence from tropical and northern temperate forests shows that phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) either alone or in combination limit the activity of free-living diazotrophs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Mo, P, and carbon (C) addition, either singly or in ...
... We used a flux deconstruction approach on peat and sediment archives of four bogs and five lakes from two subarctic taiga ecoregions of the Northwest Territories (Canada) to distinguish the atmospheric and catchment-based responses to changing metal pollution emissions over the last 2000 years. Bogs tracked the atmospheric signal, whereas lake sediments provided a mixed atmospheric and catchment-b ...
aesthetics; air; atmospheric deposition; carbon sequestration; chemical pollutants; climate; climate change; cost effectiveness; ecosystems; environmental impact; green infrastructure; human health; land; lawns and turf; phytoremediation; risk; roads; soil management; soil pollution; soil quality; traffic; urban soils; urbanization; water flow; weather
Abstract:
... Urban areas are facing a range of environmental challenges including air, water and soil pollution as a result of industrial, domestic and traffic emissions. In addition, global climate change is likely to aggravate certain urban problems and disturb the urban ecology by increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. In the context of urbanization growth and the consequent impact ...
Chlorophyta; Cyanobacteria; atmospheric deposition; biodiversity; biosphere; carbon dioxide; climate change; early warning systems; ecosystems; environmental factors; environmental indicators; gas exchange; land use; lichens; metabolism; microclimate; models; moieties; nitrogen; nutrients; pollutants; stable isotopes; water; water uptake
Abstract:
... Due to the close linking between the biosphere and atmosphere, there are clear impacts of changes in climate, atmospheric deposition of nutrients/pollutants and land use (Global Changes) on the terrestrial biosphere. Lichens, with a direct dependence on atmospheric conditions, are much more affected by their immediate microclimate than by the ecosystem’s prevailing macroclimate. In contrast to hig ...
agricultural land; atmospheric deposition; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; correlation; emissions; grasslands; gross domestic product; humans; humidity; land use change; people; pollutants; population growth; socioeconomic development; spatial data; temperature; urbanization; wastewater; woodlands; China
Abstract:
... Understanding changes in climate and environment on a regional scale can provide useful guidance for regional socio-economic development. The present study characterizes changes in the environment, climate, land use and cover types via in situ observed, statistical data and remote sensing images for Jiangsu Province, China, during the period 1980–2012. Statistical and spatial analyses indicate tha ...
... Question: What are the impacts of factors controlling patterns of change in woodland field-layer vegetation, through time?Location: Wytham Woods, Oxford, UK (51°°41′′ N, 1°°19′′ W).Methods: Species occurrence was monitored in 163 permanent plots three times between 1973 and 2002 and related to management compartment and history. The dataset was analysed using a combination of ordination methods, u ...
... Between 45 000 cal years BP and the beginning of the Holocene, the accumulation rate for Hg in sediments of Lake Tulane, Florida ranged from ≈2 to 10 μg m–² yr–¹, compared with 53 μg Hg m–² yr–¹ in the 1985–1990 period of anthropogenic input. The locality experienced regional draw-down of the water table during the Wisconsinan glaciation, which lowered global sea level by nearly 130 m. Natural atm ...
... Mountains are among the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change, and one of the most evident signs of climate-related effect is the continuous net loss of ice from the cryosphere. Several studies showed that meltwater from glaciated and perennially frozen areas can profoundly affect alpine aquatic ecosystems. Here, we present the impressive temporal increase in solutes in Lake Leit, a mountain ...
... Mountain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are responsive to external drivers of change, especially climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N). We explored the consequences of a temperature-warming trend on stream nitrate in an alpine and subalpine watershed in the Colorado Front Range that has long been the recipient of elevated atmospheric N deposition. Mean annual stream nitrate ...
... Cr, Fe, Rb, Ba and U were determined by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in various sections of the 3,270 m deep ice core recently drilled at Dome C on the high East Antarctic plateau as part of the EPICA program. The sections were dated from 263 kyr bp (depth of 2,368 m) to 672 kyr bp (depth of 3,062 m). When combined with the data previously obtained by Gabrie ...
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nitrogen (N) deposition and climate change are a threat to the structure and function of drylands, where biocrust-dominated communities are prevalent. We aimed at evaluating the influence of N deposition, climate and edaphic properties of semiarid areas of Spain on soil microbial communities and N cycling. METHODS: We quantified soil bacteria, fungi, ammonium oxidizing bacteri ...
... Mercury (Hg) can be introduced into the marine environment in many different ways. In the case of the Baltic Sea, rivers and atmospheric deposition are the predominant ones. However, in the face of ongoing climate change, a new potential source, coastal erosion, is starting to become more important and is currently considered to be the third largest source of Hg in the Gdansk Basin region. It is e ...
... Eutrophication in coastal waters caused by excess nutrient inputs has occurred widely on a global scale. Due to the rapid economic development over the last four decades, most of the Chinese coastal waters have experienced a eutrophic process. Major observed trends of coastal eutrophication include two periods, a slow development from the 1970s to 1990s and a fast development after 2000, with majo ...
Picea; acidification; atmospheric deposition; base saturation; biodiversity; biogeochemistry; climate; climate change; eutrophication; forest ecosystems; forest health; forest soils; laws and regulations; models; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrient balance; soil solution; temperate forests; temperature; tree growth; France
Abstract:
... Atmospheric N deposition is known to severely impact forest ecosystem functioning by influencing soil biogeochemistry and nutrient balance, and consequently tree growth and overall forest health and biodiversity. Moreover, because climate greatly influences soil processes, climate change and atmospheric N deposition must both be taken into account when analysing the evolution of forest ecosystem s ...
... We compared nitrogen (N) storage and flux in soils from an ombrotrophic bog with that of a minerotrophic fen to quantify the differences in N cycling between these two peatlands types in northern Minnesota (USA). Precipitation, atmospheric deposition, and bog and fen outflows were analyzed for nitrogen species. Upland and peatland soil samples were analyzed for N content, and for ambient (DN) and ...
... Reviews of the current statuses of forests and the impacts of climate change on forests exist at the (sub)continental scale, but rarely at country and regional levels, meaning that information on causal factors, their impacts, and specific regional properties is often inconsistent and lacking in depth. Here, we present the current status of forest production and biogeochemistry and the expected im ...
... High mountain lakes are considered sensitive indicators of the effects of natural and anthropogenic drivers, including atmospheric deposition and climate change. In this study, we assess long-term trends in the chemistry of a group of high altitude lakes in the Western Alps, Italy, lying in bedrock with a relevant presence of basic, soluble rocks. An in-depth investigation was performed on two key ...
... Historical increases in emissions and atmospheric deposition of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N) provided the impetus for extensive, global-scale research investigating the effects of excess N in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with several regions within the Eastern Deciduous Forest of the United States found to be susceptible to negative effects of excess N. The Clean Air Act and associated ...
... Dust and particulate distribution patterns are shifting as global climate change brings about longer drought periods. Particulates act as vehicles for long range transport of organic pollutants, depositing at locations far from their source. Nonylphenol, a biodegradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylate, is a known endocrine disruptor. Nonylphenol polyethoxylate enters the environment as an i ...
... Northeastern Canada is mostly free of anthropogenic activities. The extent to which this territory has been impacted by anthropogenic atmospheric depositions remains to be studied. The main goal of our study was to establish background levels for metals in boreal muscicolous/terricolous macrolichens over non-urbanized areas of northeastern Canada (Québec). Concentrations of 18 elements (Na, Mg, Al ...
... In the Baltic Sea hypoxia has been increased considerably since the first oxygen measurements became available in 1898. In 2016 the annual maximum extent of hypoxia covered an area of the sea bottom of about 70,000 km², comparable with the size of Ireland, whereas 150 years ago hypoxia was presumably not existent or at least very small. The general view is that the increase in hypoxia was caused b ...
... Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen affect biodiversity patterns and functions of forest ecosystems worldwide. Many studies have quantified tree growth responses to single global change drivers, but less is known about the interaction effects of these drivers at the plant and ecosystem level. In the present study, we conducted a full-factorial greenhouse experiment to analyse sin ...
... We compared carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in atmospheric deposition, runoff, and soils with microbial respiration [dehydrogenase (DHA)] and ecoenzyme activity (EEA) in an ombrotrophic bog and a minerotrophic fen to investigate the environmental drivers of biogeochemical cycling in peatlands at the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Ecoenzymatic st ...
... The continuing increase in human activities is causing global changes such as increased deposition of atmospheric nitrogen. There is considerable interest in understanding the effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities, specifically in terms of global nitrogen cycling and its potential future contribution to global climate change. This paper summarizes the ecol ...
... Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is responsible for widespread changes in the structure and function of sensitive seminatural ecosystems. The proposed reduction in emissions of nitrogenous pollutants in Europe under the Gothenburg Protocol raises the question of whether affected ecosystems have the potential to recover to their previous condition and, if so, over what timescale. Since 1998, we h ...
agricultural industry; atmospheric deposition; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate change; ecosystems; grasslands; greenhouse gas emissions; land cover; livestock; methane; models; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; pastures; photosynthesis; range management; soil; Europe
Abstract:
... Several lines of evidence point to European managed grassland ecosystems being a sink of carbon. In this study, we apply ORCHIDEE‐GM a process‐based carbon cycle model that describes specific management practices of pastures and the dynamics of carbon cycling in response to changes in climatic and biogeochemical drivers. The model is used to simulate changes in the carbon balance [i.e., net biome ...
... Historical changes of anthropogenic Pb pollution were reconstructed based on Pb concentrations and isotope ratios in lake and peat sediment profiles from Ny-Ålesund of Arctic. The calculated excess Pb isotope ratios showed that Pb pollution largely came from west Europe and Russia. The peat profile clearly reflected the historical changes of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic Pb into Ny-Ålesu ...
atmospheric deposition; biogeochemistry; cations; chemical bases; chlorides; climate change; climatic factors; drought; evapotranspiration; forested watersheds; growing season; magnesium; models; nitrates; oxidation; potassium; silica; solutes; standard deviation; sulfates; sulfides; water flow; water quality; weathering; Georgia
Abstract:
... Streamwater quality can be affected by climate‐related variability in hydrologic state, which controls flow paths and affects biogeochemical processes. Thirty‐one years of input/output solute fluxes at Panola Mountain Research Watershed, a small, forested, seasonally water‐limited watershed near Atlanta, Georgia, were used to quantify the effects of climatic‐related variability in storage on strea ...
aboveground biomass; atmospheric deposition; burning; carbon; chlorosis; climate change; irrigation; monsoon season; mosses and liverworts; nitrogen; rain; sand; shoots; summer; vigor; Mojave Desert; United States
Abstract:
... Climate change in the Mojave Desert (USA) may result in a greater intensity of summer (monsoon) rain events and greater atmospheric N deposition. Patches of the dominant biological crust moss Syntrichia caninervis were exposed to field treatments of low and high nitrogen supplementation, added summer rain, and combinations thereof, for a period of five years. In the lab, shoots were subjected to a ...
atmospheric deposition; watersheds; anthropogenic activities; carbon dioxide; fertilizer application; elevated atmospheric gases; hydrologic cycle; atmospheric precipitation; runoff; land use change; basins; ozone; climate change; nitrogen fertilizers; evapotranspiration; rivers; nitrogen; long term effects; environmental factors; watershed hydrology; environmental impact; air pollution; Yellow River; Yangtze River; China
Abstract:
... Little is known about how the terrestrial hydrological cycle responds to multiple environmental changes at large spatial scale and over long time period. Here, we applied a well calibrated and verified ecosystem model (the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, DLEM), in conjunction with newly developed data sets of multiple environmental factors including land use change, climate variability, elevated atm ...
atmospheric deposition; atmospheric precipitation; biogeochemical cycles; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate change; denitrification; ecosystems; fires; grasslands; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; heat; nitrification; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; soil water content; California
Abstract:
... Global environmental changes are expected to alter ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling, but the interactive effects of multiple simultaneous environmental changes are poorly understood. Effects of these changes on the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas, could accelerate climate change. We assessed the responses of soil N2O fluxes to elevated CO2, heat, altered precipi ...
... As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO₃–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by differe ...
... Establishment and growth of three perennial herbs and a small tussock grass were studied in an experiment that provided simulated rainfall of 6 mm weekâ»Â¹ or 25 mm once per month and nitrogen fertilization in combination with the different simulated rainfall regimes. Wild onion, Allium macropetalum, failed to establish in plots receiving 25 mm monthâ»Â¹ simulated rainfall. The perennial co ...
... Chokai volcano is composed of low-permeability andesite lava, a snowfall-influenced hydrological setting that has been little studied. Snowfall there is expected to decrease due to climate change and expanded quarrying along its southern foot. To evaluate the effects of future environmental changes on the groundwater discharged from springs at the feet of lava flows, which is used for agriculture ...
C. Tattersall Smith; Russell D. Briggs; Inge Stupak; Christopher Preece; Adriana Rezai-Stevens; Bruna Barusco; Brian E. Roth; Ivan J. Fernandez; Myrna J. Simpson
... Intensive harvesting of forest biomass for bioenergy has the potential to degrade forest soils and productivity if ecosystem carbon and other nutrients are depleted faster than replenished naturally or by management inputs. Climate change mitigation potential associated with bioenergy may be threatened if forest management operations reduce soil carbon stocks. Research reported here was initiated ...
... Orchidaceae is the largest family of plants, reaching its maximum diversity in Colombia where 4000 species have been registered. One particular ecosystem with high diversity of orchids is the tropical montane cloud forest characterized by high humidity and low air temperatures. However, due to anthropic pressure such as land use change its area has been reduced. This is not the only anthropic dist ...
air pollution; atmospheric deposition; cadmium; chronosequences; climate change; ecological succession; ecosystems; elevated atmospheric gases; emissions; forests; glaciation; growth rings; ice; industrialization; peatlands; sediments; China; South Asia
Abstract:
... Ice and sediment cores, peat bogs and tree rings are useful proxy records for reconstructing historical air pollution events. However, these indirect measurements are subject to interferences caused by environmental perturbations including global climate change. Therefore, using multiple proxy records has advantages in constraining the analytical findings. In this study, we utilized the chronologi ...