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... In recent years, reniform nematodes have become a serious pest to U.S. cotton production. The USDA-ARS at Weslaco, TX has maintained a nursery for evaluating cotton cultivar response to reniform nematodes. Thirty-six entries from private and public breeding programs were evaluated in 2002. Average yield reduction between the fumigated and reniform nematode infested plots was 22.5%. Fourteen entrie ...
... MAIN CONCLUSION : ABP9 , encoding a bZIP transcription factor from maize, enhances tolerance to multiple stresses and may participate in the ABA signaling pathway in transgenic cotton by altering physiological and biochemical processes and stress-related gene expression. Abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought, negatively affect growth, development, and yield in cotton. Gene ABP9, whic ...
... DNA markers linked with major QTL contributing to traits of importance will be a useful tool for cotton (Gossypium spp.) genetics and breeding. We crossed four photoperiod-sensitive accessions of cotton, G. hirsutum L., with a cultivar, selected day-neutral plants and backcrossed four times to each of the four photoperiod-sensitive accessions, selecting day-neutral plants at each generation. The d ...
... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system has had broad applications in biology. However, the anonymous AFLP markers are mainly amplified from non-coding regions, limiting their usefulness as a functional marker system. To take advantages of the traditional AFLP techniques, we propose substitution of a restriction enzyme that recognizes a restriction site containing ATG, called A ...
... Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) are frequently associated with alphasatellites and betasatellites in the Old World. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, one of the most damaging begomovirus species worldwide, was recently found associated with betasatellites in the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Middle East region. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)/betasatellite associations ...
... Cotton cotyledons displayed a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in the cultivar Réba B50 after infiltration with the aviru-lent race 18 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Two sets of peroxidases were associated with the HR time course. Early but transient accumulation of peroxidase in material encapsulating the bacteria in intercellular areas was observed by immunocytochemistry at 3 h postinf ...
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro; Francisco José Correia Farias; Luiz Paulo de Carvalho; Larissa Pereira Ribeiro; Moysés Nascimento; Camila Ferreira Azevedo; Cosme Damião Cruz; Leonardo Lopes Bhering
... The performance of textile processes and the quality of the products depends on the several cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality traits, such as micronaire index, fiber length, and fiber strength. This research aims to recommend cotton genotypes for the Brazilian Cerrado based on fiber yield and fiber quality traits. Nineteen cotton cultivar variety trials were performed in the 2013–2014 a ...
... Certain soils of the Eastern Cotton Belt are potentially Mn-toxic. The problem is not always economically prevented or corrected by conventional soil management practices. An alternative or supplemental procedure is to develop plant genotypes having superior resistance to Mn toxicity. Sixty-five cotton (Gossypium species) genotypes (cultivars, strains, and breeding lines) were screened in greenhou ...
... Developing cultivars with adaptive traits to improve sustainability in the face of climate change is an important option for climate smart agriculture. The CROPGRO-cotton model was calibrated and evaluated at two locations in Cameroon over a period of two years using two planting dates and four contrasted cultivars. The model was used to assess yield gains by modifying plant traits such as specifi ...
agricultural biotechnology; breeding; corn; cotton; cultivars; dates (fruit); developing countries; farmers; genes; markets; politics; public-private partnerships; research and development; transgenic plants; vegetables; China; India; South America
Abstract:
... Agricultural biotechnology holds much potential to contribute towards crop productivity gains and crop improvement for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Over 14 million smallholder farmers are already benefiting from biotech crops such as cotton and maize in China, India and other Asian, African and Central/South American countries. Molecular breeding can accelerate crop improvement tim ...
agronomy; climate; corn; cotton; cultivars; grain yield; irrigation; protein content; rice; soy protein; soybeans; temperature; tofu; wheat; Central European region; Germany
Abstract:
... Soybean is one of the five crops that dominate global agriculture, along with maize, wheat, cotton and rice. In Europe, soybean still plays a minor role and is cultivated mainly in the South and East. Very little is known about the potential for soybean in higher latitudes with relatively cool conditions. To investigate the agronomic potential and limitations of soybean for feed (high grain yield) ...
... Three constructs harbouring novel Bacillus thuringiensis genes (Cry1C, Cry2A, Cry9C) and bar gene were transformed into four upland cotton cultivars, Ekangmian10, Emian22, Coker201 and YZ1 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. With the bar gene as a selectable marker, about 84.8 % of resistant calli have been confirmed positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, and totally 50 transgen ...
... Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes resistant to reniform nematode (RN) (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) have been recently developed to reduce yield losses from RN, yet little is known of their agronomic responses under field conditions. This research was conducted to determine if RN population vary cotton growth and development and yield among RN resistant (G. barbadense intr ...
... The opportunity to increase agricultural areas is limited, so that increasing demands can be achieved by producing more products from existent agricultural areas. Second cropping is a sustainable practice in which more than one crop is grown consecutive on the same ground. This study was carried out to determine agricultural and technological properties of growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as ...
... In this glasshouse study, we investigated the mechanisms of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)-induced waterlogging tolerance in cotton. Two cotton cultivars Sicot 71BRF (moderately waterlogging tolerant) and LA 887 (waterlogging sensitive) were grown in a clay-loam soil, and exposed to waterlogging at early squaring stage (53 days after sowing). One day prior to waterlogging, shoots were sprayed with ...
Alisher A. Abdullaev; Ilkhom B. Salakhutdinov; Sharof Sh. Egamberdiev; Zarif Kuryazov; Ludmila A. Glukhova; Azoda T. Adilova; Sofiya M. Rizaeva; Mauricio Ulloa; Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
... Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV) Atk. Sny & Hans] represents a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium spp.) production. For the last few decades, the FOV pathogen has become a significant problem in Uzbekistan causing severe wilt disease and yield losses of G. hirsutum L. cultivars. We present the first genetic analyses of FOV race 3 resistance on Uzbek Cotton Germplasm with ...
... This study aims to identify miRNAs and their potential targets involved in regulating the defense response of cotton verticillium wilt in different resistant Gossypium hirsutum varieties. RNA libraries and degradome libraries from control samples and infected roots of G. hirsutum (resistant cotton variety ‘Zhongmian-49’ and susceptible cotton variety ‘Junmian-1’) were constructed. High-throughput ...
... Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields have declined since 1964 despite improvements in technology and introductions of higher-yielding cultivars. Cotton scientists have been unable to identify exact causes of the yield decline. For the past 25 yr, global atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) has been increasing due to the increased burning of fossil fuels; cotton has been found to be sensitive to ...
absorption; agronomy; bolls; cotton; cultivars; digestion; drought; endoplasmic reticulum; environment; field capacity; fructose; genes; glucose; hexoses; hydrolysis; insect resistance; insecticidal proteins; peptides; protein content; protein synthesis; protein transport; proteolysis; proteomics; starch; synthesis; water stress; weight
Abstract:
... Differently expression proteins under high‐temperature and drought stress were screened to investigate how stress affected the insecticidal protein content. These stresses decrease insecticidal protein, so the goal of this study was to provide a theoretical reference for maintaining the insect resistance of Bt cotton. The effect of high‐temperature and drought stress on differently expression prot ...
... Jute (Corchorus spp.) is the second most important global natural fiber crop after cotton. Analyses of the genetic diversity and population structure of the germplasm are useful for improving Corchorus breeding. Recently, limited studies on genetic diversity and population structure in jute have been carried out. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 453 accession ...
Gossypium hirsutum; amplified fragment length polymorphism; cotton; cultivars; fiber quality; genetic variation; genotype; germplasm; internal transcribed spacers; linkage disequilibrium; population structure; quantitative trait loci; India
Abstract:
... An understanding of the level of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for designing efficient breeding programs. Fifty-one cultivars of four cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum) representing core collections at four major cotton research stations with a wide range of eco-geographical regions in India were examined for the level of genetic diversity, disti ...
Gossypium hirsutum; biodiversity; computer software; cotton; cultivars; genetic distance; genetic structure; genetic variation; germplasm; kinship; phylogeny; population structure; principal component analysis; China
Abstract:
... Genetic diversity, kinship and population genetic structure analyses of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm can provide a better understanding of the origin and evolution of G. hirsutum biodiversity. In this study, adopt 273 elite upland cotton cultivar accessions collected from around the world, and especially from China to get 1,313,331 SNP molecular markers, it were used to construct a phylogenetic tr ...
... MAIN CONCLUSION : Pollen tube growth in styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °C, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the adverse effect of high temperatures during square development. High-temperature stress during flowering influences the square development of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cotton yield. Although it is well known that square development is sen ...
Lignosus rhinocerotis; alternative medicine; anti-inflammatory activity; asthma; bioactive compounds; chronic hepatitis; cotton; cough; cultivars; edema; gel chromatography; granuloma; inflammation; inhibitory concentration 50; lipopolysaccharides; macrophages; methanol; models; molecular weight; rats; sclerotia; synergism; traditional medicine; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; water
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) is used as a traditional medicine to relieve cough, asthma and chronic hepatitis. The traditional uses of the sclerotium are presumably related to its anti-inflammatory effect. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the sclerotial powder of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryv ...
... Several species of nematodes are known to cause losses to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) throughout the world. In Brazil, Aphelenchoides besseyi was described as causing damage on soybean, cotton, and common bean, but no report was found about the parasitism of this nematode in cowpea. This study aimed to verify the host reaction of cowpea cultivars to A. besseyi. The experiment was conducted under gr ...
biomass; cash crops; climatic factors; cooking fats and oils; cotton; crop yield; cropping systems; cultivars; growing season; leaf area index; phenology; planting date; semiarid zones; simulation models; temporal variation; time series analysis; uncertainty; weather
Abstract:
... Simulation models are widely used for making decision support especially under sub-optimal climatic conditions for yield improvement. The impact of uncertain weather conditions on cotton production can be explored with the aid of such models. Cotton, being the queen of fibers, enjoys itself a predominant position amongst all other cash crops and has the potential to narrow the gap between producti ...
Muhammad Naeem Akhtar; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Fiaz Ahmad; Muhammad Imran; Wazir Ahmed; Abdul Ghaffar; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Huda Alshaya; Mohammad K. Okla; Shafaqat Ali
agronomy; cotton; cultivars; environmental sustainability; irrigation; irrigation water; nitrogen; nutrient use efficiency; nutrition; photosynthesis; potassium; soil water; stomatal conductance; water content; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... Low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is a serious issue for cotton production and environmental sustainability in arid climates. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of K nutrition on NUE and performance of low- and high-K-efficiency cotton cultivars under two moisture regimes. Treatments included two soil moisture levels—i.e., normal irrigation, 100% available water content (AWC); reduce ...
Gossypium hirsutum; cotton; fiber crops; staple (fibers); length; spinning; crop quality; information sources; information systems; cultivars; diameter; genotype; environmental factors; advanced fiber information system; Texas
Abstract:
... Varying fiber length distributions of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., impacts its spinning performance. Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) facilitates the analysis of the length distribution of individual fibers in cotton. Quantile regression is a variant of standard regression with which conditional quantile values can be calculated by minimizing weighted sums of absolute deviations across t ...
... The widespread planting of crops genetically modified to produce Bacillus thuringeinsis Berliner (Bt) toxins for pest control may affect nontarget arthropods. To address this issue, we compared the abundance and diversity of arthropods on plants in field plots of Bt cotton, non-Bt cotton, and a row mixture of 75% Bt cotton and 25% non-Bt cotton at two sites in Arizona. Over three sampling dates du ...
... Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a polyphagous species frequently associated with the presence of sooty mold and viruses lethal to plants. The purpose of this work was to characterize possible resistance categories of cotton genotypes against A. gossypii. Initially, a preliminary test was carried out with 78 genotypes, 15 of which were selected for infestation ability assays and the ...
... The cultivated diploid, Gossypium arboreum L., (A genome) is an invaluable genetic resource for improving modern tetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) cultivars. The objective of this research is to select a set of informative and robust microsatellites for studying genetic relationships among accessions of geographically diverse G. arboreum cultivars. From more than 1,500 previo ...
... Cotton breeders in the United States strive to develop region‐specific genotypes adapted to low temperatures and variable soil moistures during early‐season planting. Nine elite upland cotton germplasm (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, representing public breeding programmes from nine states across the cotton belt, were evaluated for cold and drought stresses during seed germination and seedling grow ...
Gossypium; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; aquifers; basins; corn; cotton; crop production; cropping systems; cultivars; deficit irrigation; dry environmental conditions; farmers; mulching; no-tillage; rain; researchers; water conservation; water potential; water table; winter wheat; China
Abstract:
... The Hai Basin in China exemplifies problems that are observed in many arid environments: excessive water consumption, depletion of aquifers, and damage to eco-systems. Progressively since the 1970s water resources in Hai Basin have been over-exploited, primarily for irrigation, while the water requirements of other sectors have increased. Water tables are falling and outflows to the sea are sporad ...
... An untapped genetic resource available to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding programs is represented by the primitive, upland cotton landrace collection. Primarily due to their photoperiodic nature, efforts to utilize these resources have been slow. To complement efforts to develop day‐neutral converted germplasm lines, we identified a number of naturally occurring day neutral landrace genoty ...
black gram; chickpeas; climate; costs and returns; cotton; cultivars; drought; farmers; floods; mung beans; paddies; peanuts; pigeon peas; profitability; soybeans; tomatoes; villages; wheat; India
Abstract:
... A study was conducted for response of varieties to climate vulnerabilities like floods and droughts in selected villages of 13 districts in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The demonstrations on improved cultivars along with the respective local checks were compared with the participating farmers. The results showed that improved varieties of paddy (PLA-1100), Indra (MTU-1061) and RGL-2537 in Srika ...
... The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) collection of primitive accessions is underutilized for cotton improvement because they are photoperiodic. Day-neutrality can be achieved by crossing with a day-neutral cultivar and selection in the F2 generation. Our objective was to determine the relationship among four backcross generations and parents using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker ...
... Anthropogenic activities help the ozone formation at the troposphere which causes toxic effects on plants and humans. Ozone is a highly reactive gas that enters in plants through stomata and initiates the overproduction of ROS which causes oxidative stress in plants that lead to the destruction of membranal lipids, proteins, impaired the production of sugars and other metabolites and ultimately da ...
... The effect of transgenic cotton Bollgard II on the abundance of nontarget arthropods was assessed under field conditions in three areas in Burkina Faso for four successive years (2010–2013). The experiment was carried out on two 0.5‐ha plots of which one was seeded with the Bollgard II and one with the non‐Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) isogenic cultivar. Over four collection methods [plasti ...
... The availability of genetically based variation is essential for bringing rapid improvement in salinity tolerance of a crop through rapid selection and breeding. To get such information in Gossypium hirsutum L., a sample of eleven cultivars of diverse origin was assessed at seedling stage using three salinity levels of NaCl solutions including control. Variation was found in seedling response to i ...
... Identification of molecular markers associated with fibre traits can accelerate cotton marker-assisted selection (MAS) programmes. In this study, Gossypium barbadense germplasm accessions with diverse origins ([Formula: see text]) were used to perform association analysis of fibre traits with 120 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 120 polymorphic primer pairs amplified 258 ...
... Node of first fruiting/sympodial branch (NFFB) and its height (HNFFB) are two important indicators to measure cotton (Gossypium spp.) early maturity. This study performed an association mapping using the mixed linear model (MLM) procedure for NFFB and HNFFB based on 172 Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and 331 polymorphic SSR markers. The gene diversity index of 331 markers ranged f ...
... Linkage disequilibrium-based association mapping is a powerful tool for dissecting the genetic basis underlying complex traits. In this study, an association mapping panel consisting of 180 elite Upland cotton cultivars was constructed, evaluated in three locations across 2 years and genotyped using 228 SSRs to detect molecular markers associated with seed oil and protein contents. A total of 86 s ...
... In cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the interaction with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Xcm) is governed by the gene-for-gene concept. The interaction between the cultivar Réba B50 and the race 18 of Xcm leads to an hypersensitive reaction (HR); this cultivar is, however, susceptible to the race 20, with the death of the plant as a consequence. Previous work s ...
Gossypium hirsutum; carbon dioxide; chloroplasts; cotton; cultivars; electron transfer; fluorescence; gas exchange; leaf area; leaves; photosynthesis; seedlings; stomatal conductance; vigor
Abstract:
... Rapid development of the first true leaf has been suggested as a key driver of seedling vigor in cotton, yet studies demonstrating an association between first true leaf physiological processes and early season cotton growth are limited. It was hypothesized that both first true leaf area (FTLA) and photosynthetic rates would be positively associated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadens ...
... Leaves are the most important organs for photosynthesis. Many cotton leaf mutants (Gossypium spp.) have been reported and broadened the insights of leaf development. A natural occurring small, crinkled leaf (scl) mutant of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) occurs in SY321 (wild type, WT), a high-yield upland cotton cultivar that is widely planted in China. The scl has a small and crinkled leaf ...
... Bacterial blight (BB, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, Xcm) is a worldwide disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.). The disease has been effectively controlled through the use of BB resistant cultivars and planting of acid-delinted seed. However, a resurgence of BB has been noted in the US in recent years due to the spread of Xcm race 18 and growing of susceptible transgenic cultivars, whic ...
Moysés Nascimento; Ana Carolina Campana Nascimento; Fabyano Fonseca e Silva; Paulo Eduardo Teodoro; Camila Ferreira Azevedo; Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de Oliveira; Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior; Cosme Damião Cruz; Francisco José Correia Farias; Luiz Paulo de Carvalho
... The genotype by environment interaction is essential in any plant breeding program. Methodologies allowing the evaluation of nonlinear genotype responses to environmental variation allied to prior beliefs on unknown parameters bring new insights for breeders. In this context, we aimed to propose a Bayesian segmented regression model to infer on phenotypic adaptability and stability of cotton (Goss ...
cotton; Tetranychidae; cultivars; households; pesticide application; prices; farmers; farms; surveys; Bacillus thuringiensis; pests; Aphidoidea; spraying; pesticides; pesticide use reduction; China
Abstract:
... In the past, scientific research has predicted a decrease in the effectiveness of Bt cotton due to the rise of secondary and other sucking pests. It is suspected that once the primary pest is brought under control, secondary pests have a chance to emerge due to the lower pesticide applications in Bt cotton cultivars. Studies on this phenomenon are scarce. This article furnishes empirical evidence ...
... Canadian and United States (US) insect resistance management (IRM) programs for lepidopteran pests in Bacillus thuriengiensis (Bt)-expressing crops are optimally designed for Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner in corn (Zea mays L.) and Chloridea virescens Fabricius in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Both Bt corn and cotton express a high dose for these pests; however, there are many other target pests for ...
... In the continuing debate over the impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on farmers of developing countries, it is important to accurately measure magnitudes such as farm-level yield gains from GM crop adoption. Yet most farm-level studies in the literature do not control for farmer self-selection, a potentially important source of bias in such estimates. We use farm-level panel data from India ...