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1. Inertia in Plant Community Structure: State Changes After Cessation of Nutrient‐Enrichment Stress
- Author:
- D. G. Milchunas; W. K. Lauenroth
- Source:
- Ecological applications 1995 v.5 no.2 pp. 452-458
- ISSN:
- 1051-0761
- Subject:
- adverse effects; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; introduced species; monitoring; nitrogen; nitrogen oxides; plant communities; pollutants; species diversity; steppes; sulfur; weeds
- Abstract:
- ... Water, nitrogen, and water‐plus‐nitrogen at levels beyond the range normally experienced by shortgrass steppe communities were applied from 1971 through 1975, plant populations were sampled through 1977, and the results of the experiment were published. Upon revisiting the plots in 1982, we found it apparent that large changes had occurred since 1977. Sampling was re‐established in 1982 to follow ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1942035
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1942035
- Author:
- Jake F. Weltzin; John Pastor; Calvin Harth; Scott D. Bridgham; Karen Updegraff; Carmen T. Chapin
- Source:
- Ecology 2000 v.81 no.12 pp. 3464-3478
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Bryophyta; belowground biomass; biogeochemistry; biomass production; bogs; canopy; carbon; climate change; climatic factors; community structure; drying; ecosystems; energy; experimental design; fens; forbs; graminoids; growing season; infrared radiation; lamps; latitude; peatlands; plant communities; prediction; primary productivity; shrubs; soil temperature; species diversity; surface area; water table; wetland plants; Minnesota
- Abstract:
- ... Large‐scale changes in climate may have unexpected effects on ecosystems, given the importance of climate as a control over almost all ecosystem attributes and internal feedbacks. Changes in plant community productivity or composition, for example, may alter ecosystem resource dynamics, trophic structures, or disturbance regimes, with subsequent positive or negative feedbacks on the plant communit ...
- DOI:
- 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3464:ROBAFP]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3464:ROBAFP]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Brooker Rob; van der Wal Renéé
- Source:
- Journal of vegetation science 2003 v.14 no.4 pp. 535-542
- ISSN:
- 1100-9233
- Subject:
- Cyperaceae; air temperature; botanical composition; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; grasses; growing season; herbivores; mosses and liverworts; plant communities; shoots; soil temperature; vascular plants
- Abstract:
- ... Low temperatures exert a primary constraint on the growth of high arctic vascular plants. However, investigations into the impact of temperature on high arctic plants rarely separate out the role of air and soil temperatures, and few data exist to indicate whether soil temperatures alone can significantly influence the growth of high arctic vascular plants in a manner that might direct community c ...
- DOI:
- 10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0535:CSTDTC]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0535:CSTDTC]2.0.CO;2
4. Ectomycorrhizal abundance and community composition shifts with drought: predictions from tree rings
- Author:
- Randy L. Swaty; Ron J. Deckert; Thomas G. Whitham; Catherine A. Gehring
- Source:
- Ecology 2004 v.85 no.4 pp. 1072-1084
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Pinus edulis; biogeochemical cycles; carbon; climate change; climate models; community structure; drought; ecosystems; ectomycorrhizae; fungal communities; growth rings; host plants; mortality; plant stress; prediction; regression analysis; symbionts; temperature; trees; water stress; Arizona
- Abstract:
- ... Mycorrhizae play a key role in ecosystem dynamics, and it is important to understand how environmental stress and climate change affect these symbionts. Several climate models predict that the intercontinental western United States will experience an increase in extreme precipitation events and warming temperatures. In 1996, northern Arizona, USA, experienced a 100‐year drought that caused high lo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1890/03-0224
- https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0224
- Author:
- MACKAY, ANSON W.; RYVES, D.B.; MORLEY, D.W.; JEWSON, D.H.; RIOUAL, P.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2006 v.12 no.12 pp. 2297-2315
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Cyclotella; Stephanodiscus; biogeochemical cycles; climate; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; environmental factors; food webs; ice; lakes; mixing; models; organic matter; oxygen; phytoplankton; prediction; primary productivity; snow; snowpack; spring; summer; surface water; surface water level; water temperature; zooplankton; Lake Baikal
- Abstract:
- ... Diatoms in Lake Baikal exhibit significant spatial variation, related to prevailing climate, lake morphology and fluvial input into the lake. Here we have assessed the threats to endemic planktonic diatom species (through the development of empirical models), which form a major component of primary production within the lake. Multivariate techniques employed include redundancy analysis (RDA) and H ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01270.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01270.x
- Author:
- Waldrop, M. P.; Firestone, M. K.
- Source:
- Microbial ecology 2006 v.52 no.4 pp. 716-724
- ISSN:
- 0095-3628
- Subject:
- Quercus; biogeochemical cycles; biomarkers; canopy gaps; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; edaphic factors; enzyme activity; fatty acids; grassland soils; grasslands; life history; microbial activity; microbial biomass; microbial communities; soil microorganisms; soil temperature; soil water content; California
- Abstract:
- ... Soil microbial communities mediate critical ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. How microbial communities will respond to changes in vegetation and climate, however, are not well understood. We reciprocally transplanted soil cores from under oak canopies and adjacent open grasslands in a California oak-grassland ecosystem to determine how microbial communities respond to changes in the soil envi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3
- PubMed:
- 17061172
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9103-3
- Author:
- Xiaoli Cheng; Shuqing An; Bo Li; Jiquan Chen; Guanghui Lin; Yuhong Liu; Yiqi Luo; Shirong Liu
- Source:
- Plant ecology 2006 v.184 no.1 pp. 1-12
- ISSN:
- 1385-0237
- Subject:
- Artemisia; Cynanchum; Stipa bungeana; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; grasses; grasslands; hydrogen; models; overgrazing; rain; shrubs; soil water; stable isotopes; summer; xerophytes; China
- Abstract:
- ... To examine the different effects of rain pulse size on uptake of summer rains by three dominant desert plants in field conditions of desertified grasslands on the Ordos Plateau of northwestern China, we studied relationships between precipitation event size and rainwater uptake using stable isotopes of hydrogen in plant and soil water. Four natural precipitation events that represented precipitati ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s11258-005-9047-6
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9047-6
- Author:
- Barrett, J.E.; Virginia, R.A.; Hopkins, D.W.; Aislabie, J.; Bargagli, R.; Bockheim, J.G.; Campbell, I.B.; Lyons, W.B.; Moorhead, D.L.; Nkem, J.N.
- Source:
- Soil biology & biochemistry 2006 v.38 no.10 pp. 3019-3034
- ISSN:
- 0038-0717
- Subject:
- climate change; soil microorganisms; ecosystems; ecological function; biodiversity; community structure; population distribution; soil ecology; anthropogenic activities; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; biogeochemical cycles; geographical variation; soil water content; soil organic matter; Antarctica
- Abstract:
- ... Terrestrial environments of Victoria Land, Antarctica are ideal systems to test hypotheses about the sensitivity of ecosystem processes to climate variability, and the relationships between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because of their high sensitivity to climate change and their limited diversity. This region is also considered among the most pristine of ecosystems, and therefore m ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.041
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.041
- Author:
- Haynes, David; Brodie, Jon; Waterhouse, Jane; Bainbridge, Zoe; Bass, Deb; Hart, Barry
- Source:
- Environmental management 2007 v.40 no.6 pp. 993-1003
- ISSN:
- 0364-152X
- Subject:
- anthropogenic activities; bioaccumulation; cattle; climate change; community structure; coral reefs; ecosystems; environmental health; grazing; models; monitoring; nutrients; pesticides; photosynthesis; pollutants; rain intensity; runoff; seagrasses; sediments; sugarcane; water quality; watersheds; wind direction; Great Barrier Reef; Queensland
- Abstract:
- ... Run-off containing increased concentrations of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides from land-based anthropogenic activities is a significant influence on water quality and the ecologic conditions of nearshore areas of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. The potential and actual impacts of increased pollutant concentrations range from bioaccumulation of contaminants and decreased ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00267-007-9009-y
- PubMed:
- 17786511
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-007-9009-y
- Author:
- Paolo Guidetti
- Source:
- Oecologia 2007 v.154 no.3 pp. 513-520
- ISSN:
- 0029-8549
- Subject:
- Echinoidea; Labridae; anthropogenic activities; bream; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; population density; predation; predators; reefs; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... Indirect effects of predators in the classic trophic cascade theory involve the effects of basal species (e.g. primary producers) mediated by predation upon strongly interactive consumers (e.g. grazers). The diversity and density of predators, and the way in which they interact, determine whether and how the effects of different predators on prey combine. Intraguild predation, for instance, was ob ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00442-007-0845-5
- PubMed:
- 17763873
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0845-5
- Author:
- BYSTRÖM, PÄR; KARLSSON, JAN; NILSSON, PER; VAN KOOTEN, TOBIAS; ASK, JENNY; OLOFSSON, FRANS
- Source:
- Freshwater biology 2007 v.52 no.7 pp. 1271-1280
- ISSN:
- 0046-5070
- Subject:
- Salvelinus alpinus; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; extinction; fish communities; lakes; macroinvertebrates; pike; predation; predators; summer; temperature; zooplankton
- Abstract:
- ... 1. Invasions of top predators may have strong cascading effects in ecosystems affecting both prey species abundance and lower trophic levels. A recently discussed factor that may enhance species invasion is climate change and in this context, we studied the effects of an invasion of northern pike into a subarctic lake ecosystem formerly inhabited by the native top predator Arctic char and its prey ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01763.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01763.x
- Author:
- BROWN, LEE E.; HANNAH, DAVID M.; MILNER, ALEXANDER M.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2007 v.13 no.5 pp. 958-966
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Diptera; Perla; Rhithrogena; Rhyacophila; altitude; aquatic invertebrates; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; electrical conductivity; extinction; glaciers; habitats; latitude; macroinvertebrates; melting; pH; rivers; snowmelt; snowpack; spatial variation; species diversity; stream flow; streams; suspended sediment; temporal variation; water temperature; France
- Abstract:
- ... Climate change poses a considerable threat to the biodiversity of high latitude and altitude ecosystems, with alpine regions across the world already showing responses to warming. However, despite probable hydrological change as alpine glaciers and snowpacks shrink, links between alpine stream biota and reduced meltwater input are virtually unknown. Using data from the French Pyrénées, we demonstr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01341.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01341.x
- Author:
- PRZESLAWSKI, RACHEL; AHYONG, SHANE; BYRNE, MARIA; WÖRHEIDE, GERT; HUTCHINGS, PAT
- Source:
- Global change biology 2008 v.14 no.12 pp. 2773-2795
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- acidification; adverse effects; biogeochemical cycles; climate change; community structure; corals; ecosystems; environmental factors; exposure duration; financial economics; fish; food availability; fossils; habitats; herbivores; invasive species; larvae; reefs; research management; runoff; sea level; spawning; surface temperature; survival rate; turbidity; water quality
- Abstract:
- ... Climate change is threatening tropical reefs across the world, with most scientists agreeing that the current changes in climate conditions are occurring at a much faster rate than in the past and are potentially beyond the capacity of reefs to adapt and recover. Current research in tropical ecosystems focuses largely on corals and fishes, although other benthic marine invertebrates provide crucia ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01693.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01693.x
- Author:
- Munday, Philip L.; Jones, Geoffrey P.; Pratchett, Morgan S.; Williams, Ashley J.
- Source:
- Fish and fisheries 2008 v.9 no.3 pp. 261-285
- ISSN:
- 1467-2960
- Subject:
- acclimation; adults; adverse effects; climate; climate change; community structure; coral bleaching; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; extinction; fish communities; larval development; life history; marine fish; overfishing; population dynamics; prediction; primary productivity; reproduction; risk; water currents; water temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Climate change will impact coral-reef fishes through effects on individual performance, trophic linkages, recruitment dynamics, population connectivity and other ecosystem processes. The most immediate impacts will be a loss of diversity and changes to fish community composition as a result of coral bleaching. Coral-dependent fishes suffer the most rapid population declines as coral is lost; howev ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00281.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00281.x
- Author:
- O'Hara, Timothy D.; Rowden, Ashley A.; Williams, Alan
- Source:
- Diversity & distributions 2008 v.14 no.6 pp. 925-934
- ISSN:
- 1366-9516
- Subject:
- acidification; climate change; community structure; corals; data collection; ecosystems; fauna; fish; habitats; humans; multivariate analysis; oceans; scientific expeditions; Australia; New Zealand
- Abstract:
- ... The large biogenic structures formed by colonial cold-water scleractinian corals provide valuable habitat for marine invertebrates on seamounts and the continental slope of all world oceans. These patchily distributed long-lived structures are easily damaged by several human activities, particularly bottom trawling for fish, and are potentially vulnerable to ocean acidification caused by climate c ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00495.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00495.x
- Author:
- Kreyling, Juergen; Wenigmann, Mike; Beierkuhnlein, Carl; Jentsch, Anke
- Source:
- Ecosystems 2008 v.11 no.5 pp. 752-763
- ISSN:
- 1432-9840
- Subject:
- case studies; climate change; community structure; dieback; drought; ecosystems; functional diversity; grasslands; insurance; legumes; plant communities; plant response; rain; species diversity; stress response; Central European region
- Abstract:
- ... Extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude due to climate change. Their effects on vegetation are widely unknown. Here, experimental grassland and heath communities in Central Europe were exposed either to a simulated single drought or to a prolonged heavy rainfall event. The magnitude of manipulations imitated the local 100-year weather extreme according to extreme ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s10021-008-9157-9
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9157-9
- Author:
- Smale, Dan A.; Barnes, David K.A.
- Source:
- Ecography 2008 v.31 no.3 pp. 289-305
- ISSN:
- 0906-7590
- Subject:
- benthic organisms; biodiversity; biogeography; climate change; coastal water; community structure; ecosystems; fauna; glaciers; humans; ice; icebergs; oceans; seawater; surface water; tourism; Antarctic region
- Abstract:
- ... Disturbance has always shaped the evolution and ecology of organisms and nowhere is this more apparent that on the iceberg gouged continental shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). The vast majority of currently described polar biodiversity occurs on the Southern Ocean shelf but current and projected climate change is rapidly altering disturbance intensities in some regions. The AP is now amongs ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05456.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05456.x
18. Managing Invasive Aquatic Plants in a Changing System: Strategic Consideration of Ecosystem Services
- Author:
- HERSHNER, CARL; HAVENS, KIRK J.
- Source:
- Conservation biology 2008 v.22 no.3 pp. 544-550
- ISSN:
- 0888-8892
- Subject:
- Hydrilla verticillata; Phragmites australis; anthropogenic activities; aquatic plants; climate change; coasts; community structure; ecosystem services; ecosystems; grasses; habitat destruction; invasive species; plant communities; salt marshes; vigor
- Abstract:
- ... Climate change is projected to increase stress for many coastal plant communities. Along large portions of the North American coast, habitat degradation from anthropogenic changes to the environment already threaten the community structure of tidal marshes and submerged aquatic grass beds. The potential loss of ecological services historically provided by these communities has been a long-standing ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00957.x
- PubMed:
- 18577083
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00957.x
- Author:
- Niederberger, Thomas D.; McDonald, Ian R.; Hacker, Amy L.; Soo, Rochelle M.; Barrett, John E.; Wall, Diana H.; Cary, S. Craig
- Source:
- Environmental microbiology 2008 v.10 no.7 pp. 1713-1724
- ISSN:
- 1462-2912
- Subject:
- DNA libraries; Deinococcus; Thermus; Xanthomonas; biodiversity; climate change; clones; community structure; ecoregions; ecosystems; edaphic factors; environmental impact; habitats; land use; microbial activity; microbial communities; nucleotide sequences; nutrient availability; organic matter; physical control; ribosomal RNA; salinity; soil analysis; soil invertebrates; soil microorganisms; soil productivity; soil structure; temperature; Antarctica
- Abstract:
- ... Biotic communities and ecosystem dynamics in terrestrial Antarctica are limited by an array of extreme conditions including low temperatures, moisture and organic matter availability, high salinity, and a paucity of biodiversity to facilitate key ecological processes. Recent studies have discovered that the prokaryotic communities in these extreme systems are highly diverse with patchy distributio ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01593.x
- PubMed:
- 18373679
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01593.x
- Author:
- Spooner, Daniel E.; Vaughn, Caryn C.
- Source:
- Oecologia 2008 v.158 no.2 pp. 307-317
- ISSN:
- 0029-8549
- Subject:
- mussels; community structure; ecosystem services; acclimation; climate change; streams; physiological response; species diversity; ecosystems; temperature; biomass; habitats; excretion
- Abstract:
- ... The sustained decline in habitat quality and community integrity highlights the importance of understanding how communities and environmental variation interactively contribute to ecosystem services. We performed a laboratory experiment manipulating effects of acclimation temperature (5, 15, 25, and 35°C) on resource acquisition, assimilation and subsequent ecosystem services provided by eight fre ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00442-008-1132-9
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1132-9