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1. Research on the Response of Vegetation to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Author:
Roger C. Dahlman; Boyd R. Strain; Hugo H. Rogers
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1985 v.14 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
biosphere; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; climate; climate change; ecosystems; issues and policy; photosynthesis; plant growth; vegetation; United States
Abstract:
... The global rise in atmospheric CO₂ is an established phenomenon. Irrespective of whether a CO₂-induced climate change occurs, it is abundantly clear that the earth's mantle of vegetation will be directly affected by increased CO₂ levels. Carbon dioxide is essential for plant growth (plants obtain C from CO₂ in the atmosphere); a higher level of CO₂ will increase the rate of photosynthesis. Quantit ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400010001x

2. Modelling the sustainability of forest production and yield for a changing and uncertain future

Author:
Kimmins, J.P.
Source:
Forestry chronicle 1990 v.66 no.3 pp. 271-280
ISSN:
0015-7546
Subject:
simulation models; forests; climate change; growth models; forest management; environmental factors; ecosystems; biomass; prediction; Canada
Abstract:
... The expected growth of the human population to about 11 billion sometime within the next rotation of most northern temperate forest crops will put greatly increased and varied demands on today's forested lands. Development of the timber resources on those lands that remain dedicated to timber production must be demonstrably sustainable if forest management is to help arrest rather than aggravate t ...
DOI:
10.5558/tfc66271-3

3. Role of Ecosystem Development and Climate Change in Bog Formation in Central Sweden

Author:
D. R. Foster; H. E. Wright Jr.
Source:
Ecology 1990 v.71 no.2 pp. 450-463
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
bogs; climate change; ecosystems; environmental factors; equations; groundwater; highlands; hydrologic models; peat; sediments; Sweden
Abstract:
... Bog development, in terms of the rates of horizontal and vertical accumulation of peat and the timing of landform development of open—water pools, was examined on two concentric raised bogs in central Sweden. The results are compared with three models (allogenic, autogenic, and neutral models) of bog development in order to evaluate the relative contribution of environmental factors vs. ecosystem ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940300

4. Climate change and productivity of natural grasslands

Author:
Hall, D.O.; Scurlock, J.M.O.
Source:
Annals of botany 1991 v.67 no.suppl.1 pp. 49-55
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
temperature; carbon dioxide; plant communities; nitrogen; water stress; climate change; environmental factors; nutrient requirements; burning; ecosystems; biomass production; tropical grasslands
Abstract:
... Natural grasslands, especially in the tropics, urgently need more detailed study in order to determine the response of this undervalued major ecosystem type to possible climate changes. Feedback effects through environmental variables such as temperature, water and nutrient stress may be at least as significant as the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. but there is scarcely enough data at ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088208

5. The Effects of Climate Change on Decomposition Processes in Grassland and Coniferous Forests

Author:
J. M. Anderson
Source:
Ecological applications 1991 v.1 no.3 pp. 326-347
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
boreal forests; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks; climate change; climate models; coniferous forests; ecosystems; forest soils; grasslands; methane production; mineralization; nutrient availability; prediction; soil depth; soil organic matter; soil profiles; soil stabilization; soil water; soil-plant interactions; subarctic soils; temperature; tropical forests; tundra; tundra soils; virgin soils
Abstract:
... Current models of climate change predict a reduction of area covered by northern coniferous forests and tundra, and an increase in grasslands. These scenarios also indicate a northerly shift in agricultural regions, bringing virgin soils under cultivation. The direct effects of man on tundra, boreal forest, and temperate grassland ecosystems are likely to result in less carbon mobilization from so ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941761

6. Effects of Climate Change on Plant Respiration

Author:
Michael G. Ryan
Source:
Ecological applications 1991 v.1 no.2 pp. 157-167
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
acclimation; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; cell respiration; climate; climate change; ecosystems; ion transport; net ecosystem exchange; nitrogen content; photosynthesis; plant tissues; pollutants; protein content; respiratory rate; temperature; water stress
Abstract:
... Plant respiration is a large, environmentally sensitive component of the ecosystem carbon balance, and net ecosystem carbon flux will change as the balance between photosynthesis and respiration changes. Partitioning respiration into the functional components of construction, maintenance, and ion uptake will aid the estimation of plant respiration for ecosystems. Maintenance respiration is the com ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941808

7. How plants respond to climate change: migration rates, individualism and the consequences for plant communities

Author:
Huntley, B.
Source:
Annals of botany 1991 v.67 no.suppl.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
plant communities; evolution; paleoecology; climate change; ecosystems
Abstract:
... The magnitude of climate changes forecast for the next century is comparable to the magnitude of warming during the last deglaciation. No climate change of similar magnitude has occurred since that event. The palaeoecological evidence of the response, especially of plants, to past climate change indicates that evolutionary adaptation has played no more than a minor role and that migration is the u ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088205

8. On Determining the Statistical Significance of Discontinuities with Ordered Ecological Data

Author:
Joe M. Cornelius; James F. Reynolds
Source:
Ecology 1991 v.72 no.6 pp. 2057-2070
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; climate change; deserts; ecological function; ecosystems; landscapes; vegetation; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Current ecological theory hypothesizes that boundaries between adjacent ecosystem units are important in determining ecosystem structure and function across heterogeneous landscapes, and that such boundaries are potentially important sites for early detection of global climate change effects. Hence, there is an increasing research effort to elucidate the structure and function of ecological bounda ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941559

9. Primary Production in Grasslands and Coniferous Forests with Climate Change: An Overview

Author:
Steve P. Long; Paul R. Hutchin
Source:
Ecological applications 1991 v.1 no.2 pp. 139-156
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
carbon cycle; climate change; climatic factors; coniferous forests; crops; ecosystems; energy; grasslands; leaves; mechanistic models; plant response; prediction; primary productivity; uncertainty
Abstract:
... In energy terms primary production is the driving step of the global carbon cycle. To predict the interaction of ecosystems with the "greenhoude" effect, it is necessary to understand how primary production, consumption, and decomposition will respond to climate change. Most estimates of primary production have been made by extrapolation from measured standing crops. For grasslands we show this ap ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941807

10. State‐of‐the‐Art of Models of Production‐Decomposition Linkages in Conifer and Grassland Ecosystems

Author:
Goran I. Agren; Ross E. McMurtrie; William J. Parton; John Pastor; Herman H. Shugart
Source:
Ecological applications 1991 v.1 no.2 pp. 118-138
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
biogeochemical cycles; carbon dioxide; climate change; conifers; ecosystems; forests; grasslands; models; nutrient-nutrient interactions; prediction; soil
Abstract:
... We review the state—of—the—art of models of forests and grasslands that could be used to predict the impact of a future climate change arising from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Four levels of resolution are recognized: physiologically based models, population models, ecosystem models, and regional or global models. At the physiological level a number of important processes c ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941806

11. The effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on individual plants, populations, communities and ecosystems

Author:
Woodward, F.I.; Thompson, G.B.; McKee, I.F.
Source:
Annals of botany 1991 v.67 no.suppl.1 pp. 23-38
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
carbon dioxide; plant communities; climate change; ecosystems; plant physiology
Abstract:
... Changes in the atmospheric concentration of CO2, over periods of millennia, are positively correlated with the temperature of the world. It is expected that this positive correlation will be manifested in the future, warmer 'greenhouse world' with higher concentrations of CO2. The predicted changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to cause significant changes in the distribution patte ...
DOI:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088206

12. Carbon Storage in Upland Forests of the Lake States

Author:
D. F. Grigal; L. F. Ohmann
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1992 v.56 no.3 pp. 935-943
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Abies balsamea; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum; Pinus banksiana; Pinus resinosa; Populus tremuloides; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; clay fraction; climate change; climatic factors; ecosystems; evapotranspiration; forest litter; forest management; forest stands; forest types; grasslands; hardwood; lakes; mineral soils; overstory; stand age; trees; upland forests; Michigan; Minnesota; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Carbon storage and dynamics are receiving increasing attention because of the hypothesized role of CO₂ in global climate change. This study was carried out to determine total C storage in Lake States' forests, including C in biomass, forest floor, and mineral soil. Overstory trees were measured and samples of both forest floor and mineral soil (to 1 m) were collected from plots in 169 forest stand ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600030042x

13. Ecological implications of projected climate change scenarios in forest ecosystems in northern Michigan, USA

Author:
Reed, D.D.; Desanker, P.V.
Source:
International journal of biometeorology 1992 v.36 no.2 pp. 99-107
ISSN:
0020-7128
Subject:
chemical constituents of plants; stochastic processes; climate change; temperate zones; seasonal variation; climate models; ecosystems; climatic factors; forest ecology; Michigan
Abstract:
... Changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation, as predicted by several global climate models, were utilized together with a stochastic daily weather stimulation model to evaluate the ecological impacts of projected global climate change scenarios on temperate forest ecosystems in northern Michigan, USA. The model simulated the impacts of these projected changes on ecologically significant weat ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF01208920

14. Gradient Analysis of Ecological Change in Time and Space: Implications for Forest Management

Author:
James R. Gosz
Source:
Ecological applications 1992 v.2 no.3 pp. 248-261
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
climate change; ecosystems; environmental factors; forest management; forests; habitats; models; space and time; variance
Abstract:
... Gradient analysis is a powerful technique to analyze for, and detect change in, the dynamics, structure, and function of ecosystems. Boundaries between zones or communities occur at distinctive locations along environmental gradients and are expected to be especially sensitive to environmental change. Gradient analysis can be performed at a range of scales, and allows integration and extrapolation ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941859

15. The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture

Author:
Simon A. Levin
Source:
Ecology 1992 v.73 no.6 pp. 1943-1967
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
climate change; dormancy; ecosystems; group behavior; life history; prediction
Abstract:
... It is argued that the problem of pattern and scale is the central problem in ecology, unifying population biology and ecosystems science, and marrying basic and applied ecology. Applied challenges, such as the prediction of the ecological causes and consequences of global climate change, require the interfacing of phenomena that occur on very different scales of space, time, and ecological organiz ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941447

16. Air‐Pollution‐Mediated Changes in Alpine Ecosystems and Ecotones

Author:
Josef Rusek
Source:
Ecological applications 1993 v.3 no.3 pp. 409-416
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Folsomia; acidification; air pollution; altitude; animals; bedrock; climate change; dieback; ecosystems; ecotones; forests; frost; granite; grasslands; humus; leaching; limestone; monitoring; mountains; national parks; plant communities; prediction; ravines; remote sensing; research programs; runoff; snow; snowpack; soil pH; soil types; water supply; wind; Slovakia
Abstract:
... Soil biological parameters (e.g., Collembola), soil types, soil chemical parameters (pH, humus substances), and plant communities were studied in different ecosystems and ecotones in alpine, subalpine, and spruce forest zones in the Tatra National Park, Slovak Republic. The preliminary, selected data, based on a long—term research program, showed a high sensitivity of some alpine ecotones and ecos ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941910

17. River Margins and Environmental Change

Author:
Henri Decamps
Source:
Ecological applications 1993 v.3 no.3 pp. 441-445
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
climate change; ecosystems; landscapes; rivers
Abstract:
... The paper discusses how variability of river margins interacts with riparian function at the landscape level, in order to develop inferences about the future of this interaction with respect to potential effects of a global climatic change. A riparian approach to the ecology of river landscapes should be useful in that it offers an opportunity to improve our understanding and management of the eff ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941913

18. Transient Ecotone Response to Climatic Change: Some Conceptual and Modelling Approaches

Author:
Ronald P. Neilson
Source:
Ecological applications 1993 v.3 no.3 pp. 385-395
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
abiotic stress; biodiversity; biosphere; climate; climate change; drought; ecologists; ecosystems; ecotones; environmental impact; landscapes; mechanistic models; prediction; satellites; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Accurate prediction of the ecological impacts of climatic change is a pressing challenge to the science of ecology. The current state of the art for broad—scale estimates of change in biomes and ecotones between biomes is limited to equilibrium estimates of ecological change under some future equilibrium climate. Uncertainties in these estimates abound, ranging from uncertainties in future climate ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941907

19. Non-climatic factors and the environmental impact of volcanic volatiles: implications of the Laki fissure eruption of AD 1783

Author:
John Grattan; Daniel J. Charman
Source:
Holocene 1994 v.4 no.1 pp. 101-106
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Earth atmosphere; acid deposition; acids; climate change; crop damage; ecosystems; environmental impact; gases; halogens; models; paleoecology; summer; temperature; trees; volcanic activity; United Kingdom; Western European region
Abstract:
... Studies of the potential of Icelandic volcanic eruptions to modify the environment of the British Isles have primarily concentrated on the degree of induced climate change, but models and temperature records suggest that the scale of such change may have been minimal. As a result it is difficult to account for change in the palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records, in response to a volcanic ...
DOI:
10.1177/095968369400400113

20. Carbon Sequestration in an Aggrading Forest Ecosystem in the Southeastern USA

Author:
Thomas G. Huntington
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1995 v.59 no.5 pp. 1459-1467
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
nutrient content; agricultural land; afforestation; soil; climate change; carbon; temperate zones; global carbon budget; carbon sequestration; ecosystems; biomass; forests; Georgia
Abstract:
... An analysis of C pools at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, GA, indicates that aggrading forests in the U.S. Southeast are an important regional C sink. The forests in this area were cut in the early 1800s and the land was cultivated until the early 1900s, when farming was abandoned and forest regeneration began. Cultivation resulted in extensive erosion, which depleted s ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050036x