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You searched for: Subject evolution Remove constraint Subject: evolution Subject antibiotics Remove constraint Subject: antibiotics
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1. Systematics and bionomics of the apoid obligate necrophages: the Trigona hypogea group (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Meliponinae)

Author:
CAMARGO, JOÃO M.F.; ROUBIK, DAVID W.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1991 v.44 no.1 pp. 13-39
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Trigona; foods; queen cells; antibiotics; evolution; necrophagy; teeth; trail pheromones; palps; beneficial microorganisms; Corbicula; pollen; dead animals; worker bees; stingless bees; foraging; honey
Abstract:
... A systematic revision and biological account is given of the only apoid obligate necrophages, the Trigona hypogea group, along with descriptions of Trigona necrophaga sp. nov. and the male of Trigona crassipes. Trigona necrophaga is endemic to eastern Panama and possibly the Chocó; T. hypogea and T. crassipes are sympatric throughout the Amazon Basin and the Guianas. The lack of a corbicula on the ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00604.x

2. Environmentally friendly approaches to genetic engineering

Author:
Daniell, H.
Source:
In vitro cellular & developmental biology 1999 v.35 no.5 pp. 361-368
ISSN:
1054-5476
Subject:
maternal effect; antibiotics; evolution; transgenic plants; gene flow; Bacillus thuringiensis; genes; genetic engineering; bacterial toxins; crystal proteins; environmental impact; nontarget organisms; wild relatives; pollen; inheritance (genetics); adverse effects; chloroplasts; drug resistance
DOI:
10.1007/s11627-999-0049-2

3. The Exoskeleton of Bacterial Cells (the Sacculus): Still a Highly Attractive Target for Antibacterial Agents That Will Last For a Long Time

Author:
Arthur L. Koch
Source:
Critical reviews in microbiology 2000 v.26 no.1 pp. 1-35
ISSN:
1549-7828
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; biophysics; cell walls; chemical bonding; cytoplasm; drug therapy; evolution; exoskeleton; metabolism; mutation; osmotic pressure
Abstract:
... Most bacteria are entirely surrounded by a strong cell wall held together by covalent bonds of strength similar to those holding the atoms in a diamond together. This exoskeleton is a coat of armor or corset and is usually called a sacculus. It protects the bacterium from the stresses resulting from the higher osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm when compared with its environment. This strategy of c ...
DOI:
10.1080/10408410091154165

4. Darwinian Evolution Can Follow Only Very Few Mutational Paths to Fitter Proteins

Author:
Weinreich, Daniel M.; Delaney, Nigel F.; DePristo, Mark A.; Hartl, Daniel L.
Source:
Science 2006 v.312 no.5770 pp. 111-114
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
alleles; antibiotics; drug resistance; evolution; missense mutation; pleiotropy; point mutation; proteins
Abstract:
... Five point mutations in a particular {szligbeta}-lactamase allele jointly increase bacterial resistance to a clinically important antibiotic by a factor of [approximately]100,000. In principle, evolution to this high-resistance {szligbeta}-lactamase might follow any of the 120 mutational trajectories linking these alleles. However, we demonstrate that 102 trajectories are inaccessible to Darwinian ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1123539

5. Understanding the rise of the superbug: investigation of the evolution and genomic variation of Staphylococcus aureus

Author:
Jodi A. Lindsay; Matthew T. G. Holden
Source:
Functional & integrative genomics 2006 v.6 no.3 pp. 186-201
ISSN:
1438-793X
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; antibiotics; bacteria; chromosomes; evolution; genetic variation; genome; genomics; human diseases; virulence
Abstract:
... The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of human infection, and it is becoming increasingly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. Our understanding of the evolution of this species has been greatly enhanced by the recent sequencing of the genomes of seven strains of S. aureus. Comparative genomic analysis allows us to identify variation in the chromosomes and understand the mechanis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10142-005-0019-7

6. Microbial intervention for better fish health in aquaculture: the Indian scenario

Author:
Panigrahi, A.; Azad, I. S.
Source:
Fish physiology and biochemistry 2007 v.33 no.4 pp. 429-440
ISSN:
0920-1742
Subject:
adverse effects; antibiotics; aquaculture systems; bacteria; bioaugmentation; biological control; cell structures; cell wall components; climatic factors; drug resistance; evolution; exports; fauna; fish; fish health; fish production; food security; immunity; immunostimulants; markets; nucleic acids; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; probiotics; vaccines; India
Abstract:
... Aquaculture has evolved as the fastest growing food-producing sector and developed as an important component in food security. To keep a sustainable growth pattern, health management strategies must go beyond antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which create resistant bacteria and immunosuppression in the host. Besides development of drug resistant bacteria and pathogens, the adverse effect of antib ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10695-007-9160-7

7. Antimicrobial peptides: natural templates for synthetic membrane-active compounds

Author:
Giuliani, A.; Pirri, G.; Bozzi, A.; Di Giulio, A.; Aschi, M.; Rinaldi, A. C.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2008 v.65 no.16 pp. 2450-2460
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
antibiotics; antimicrobial peptides; biomimetics; cell membranes; evolution; innate immunity; mechanism of action; synthetic peptides
Abstract:
... The innate immunity of multicellular organisms relies in large part on the action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to resist microbial invasion. Crafted by evolution into an extremely diversified array of sequences and folds, AMPs do share a common amphiphilic 3-D arrangement. This feature is directly linked with a common mechanism of action that predominantly (although not exclusively) develops u ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-008-8188-x
PubMed:
18661101

8. Comparative analysis of essential genes and nonessential genes in Escherichia coli K12

Author:
Gong, Xiaodong; Fan, Shaohua; Bilderbeck, Amy; Li, Mingkun; Pang, Hongxia; Tao, Shiheng
Source:
Molecular genetics and genomics 2008 v.279 no.1 pp. 87-94
ISSN:
1617-4615
Subject:
Escherichia coli K12; amino acids; antibiotics; evolution; genes; mutagenesis; prediction; proteins
Abstract:
... Genes can be classified as essential or nonessential based on their indispensability for a living organism. Previous researches have suggested that essential genes evolve more slowly than nonessential genes and the impact of gene dispensability on a gene's evolutionary rate is not as strong as expected. However, findings have not been consistent and evidence is controversial regarding the relation ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00438-007-0298-x
PubMed:
17943314

9. Evolution of pathogens in a man-made world

Author:
LEBARBENCHON, CAMILLE; BROWN, SAM P.; POULIN, ROBERT; GAUTHIER-CLERC, MICHEL; THOMAS, FRÉDÉRIC
Source:
Molecular ecology 2008 v.17 no.1 pp. 475-484
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; antibiotics; biodiversity; climate change; ecologists; economic development; evolution; habitat fragmentation; humans; parasites; pathogens; planning; pollution; public health; researchers; vaccines; virulence; wildlife management
Abstract:
... Human activities have resulted in substantial, large-scale environmental modifications, especially in the past century. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are increasingly coming to realize that parasites and pathogens, like free-living organisms, evolve as the consequence of these anthropogenic changes. Although this area now commands the attention of a variety of researchers, a broad predict ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03375.x
PubMed:
18173509

10. Pathogenomics of the staphylococci: insights into niche adaptation and the emergence of new virulent strains

Author:
Ben Zakour, Nouri L.; Guinane, Caitriona M.; Fitzgerald, J. Ross
Source:
FEMS microbiology letters 2008 v.289 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0378-1097
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; animal pathogens; antibiotics; evolution; genome; genomics; habitats; humans; nucleotide sequences; pathogenesis; sequence analysis; virulence; virulent strains
Abstract:
... Because of its importance as a major human and animal pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus has been the focus of intensive research efforts. At the time of writing, the genomes of 14 isolates of S. aureus have been published and released into the public domain with many more genome sequencing projects underway, representing an excellent resource for studies of bacterial evolution and pathogenesis. Rece ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01384.x
PubMed:
19054087

11. The rate of environmental change drives adaptation to an antibiotic sink

Author:
PERRON, G.G.; GONZALEZ, A.; BUCKLING, A.
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2008 v.21 no.6 pp. 1724-1731
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; evolution; immigration; mutation
Abstract:
... Recent accelerated trends of human-induced global changes are providing many examples of adaptation to novel environments. Although the rate of environmental change can vary dramatically, its effect on evolving populations is unknown. A crucial feature explaining the adaptation to harsh environments is the supply of beneficial mutations via immigration from a 'source' population. In this study, we ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01596.x
PubMed:
18681913

12. Drug efflux pump deficiency and drug target resistance masking in growing bacteria

Author:
Fange, David; Nilsson, Karin; Tenson, Tanel; Ehrenberg, Måns
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 v.106 no.20 pp. 8215-8220
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
antibiotics; bacteria; culture media; drugs; evolution; mutants; mutation; pathogens; transporters
Abstract:
... Recent experiments have shown that drug efflux pump deficiency not only increases the susceptibility of pathogens to antibiotics, but also seems to "mask" the effects of mutations, that decrease the affinities of drugs to their intracellular targets, on the growth rates of drug-exposed bacteria. That is, in the presence of drugs, the growth rates of drug-exposed WT and target mutated strains are t ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0811514106
PubMed:
19416855
PubMed Central:
PMC2688851

13. Engineered bacteriophage targeting gene networks as adjuvants for antibiotic therapy

Author:
Lu, Timothy K.; Collins, James J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 v.106 no.12 pp. 4629-4634
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Escherichia coli; adjuvants; aminoglycosides; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; bacteriophages; beta-lactams; biofilm; drugs; evolution; gene targeting; genes; mice; proteins; quinolones; synthetic biology; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Antimicrobial drug development is increasingly lagging behind the evolution of antibiotic resistance, and as a result, there is a pressing need for new antibacterial therapies that can be readily designed and implemented. In this work, we engineered bacteriophage to overexpress proteins and attack gene networks that are not directly targeted by antibiotics. We show that suppressing the SOS network ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0800442106
PubMed:
19255432
PubMed Central:
PMC2649960

14. Functional and genetic evidence that the Mal/TIRAP allele variant 180L has been selected by providing protection against septic shock

Author:
Ferwerda, Bart; Alonso, Santos; Banahan, Kathy; McCall, Matthew B.B.; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Ramakers, Bart P.; Mouktaroudi, Maria; Fain, Pamela R.; Izagirre, Neskuts; Syafruddin, Din; Cristea, Tudor; Mockenhaupt, Frank P.; Troye-Blomberg, Marita; Kumpf, Oliver; Maiga, Boubacar; Dolo, Amagana; Doumbo, Ogobara; Sundaresan, Santhosh; Bedu-Addo, George; van Crevel, Reinout; Hamann, Lutz; Oh, Djin-Ye; Schumann, Ralf R.; Joosten, Leo A.B.; de la Rúa, Concepcion; Sauerwein, Robert; Drenth, Joost P.H.; Kullberg, Bart-Jan; van der Ven, André J.A.M.; Hill, Adrian V.; Pickkers, Peter; van der Meer, Jos W.M.; O'Neill, Luke A.J.; Netea, Mihai G.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 v.106 no.25 pp. 10272-10277
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Homo sapiens; Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4; Toll-like receptor 9; alleles; antibiotics; cytokines; endotoxemia; evolution; homozygosity; humans; innate immunity; ligands; mutation; pathogenesis; pathogens; phenotype; septic shock; Eurasia
Abstract:
... Adequate responses by our innate immune system toward invading pathogens were of vital importance for surviving infections, especially before the antibiotic era. Recently, a polymorphism in Mal (Ser180Leu, TIRAP rs8177374), an important adaptor protein downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 pathways, has been described to provide protection against a broad range of infectious pathogens ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0811273106
PubMed:
19509334
PubMed Central:
PMC2700915

15. The role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature

Author:
Aminov, Rustam I.
Source:
Environmental microbiology 2009 v.11 no.12 pp. 2970-2988
ISSN:
1462-2912
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; ecosystems; evolution; genes; pathogens
Abstract:
... Investigations of antibiotic resistance from an environmental prospective shed new light on a problem that was traditionally confined to a subset of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. It is clear that the environmental microbiota, even in apparently antibiotic-free environments, possess an enormous number and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, some of which are ve ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01972.x
PubMed:
19601960

16. Adaptive landscapes and protein evolution

Author:
Carneiro, Maurício; Hartl, Daniel L.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.suppl_1 pp. 1747-1751
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
antibiotics; evolution; insecticide resistance; mutants; proteins; vaccines
Abstract:
... The principles governing protein evolution under strong selection are important because of the recent history of evolved resistance to insecticides, antibiotics, and vaccines. One experimental approach focuses on studies of mutant proteins and all combinations of mutant sites that could possibly be intermediates in the evolutionary pathway to resistance. In organisms carrying each of the engineere ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0906192106
PubMed:
19805125
PubMed Central:
PMC2868285

17. Antimicrobial natural products: an update on future antibiotic drug candidates

Author:
Muhammad Saleem; Mamona Nazir; Muhammad Shaiq Ali; Hidayat Hussain; Yong Sup Lee; Naheed Riaz; Abdul Jabbar
Source:
Natural product reports 2010 v.27 no.2 pp. 238-254
ISSN:
1460-4752
Subject:
antibiotics; antimicrobial properties; evolution; markets; metabolites; pathogens; toxicity
Abstract:
... Over the last decade, it has become clear that antimicrobial drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the evolution of pathogen resistance. There is therefore a continuing need to search for new antibiotics, especially as new drugs only rarely reach the market. Natural products are both fundamental sources of new chemical diversity and integral components of today's pharmaceutical compendium, a ...
DOI:
10.1039/b916096e

18. Commensal bacteria play a role in mating preference of Drosophila melanogaster

Author:
Sharon, Gil; Segal, Daniel; Ringo, John M.; Hefetz, Abraham; Zilber-Rosenberg, Ilana; Rosenberg, Eugene
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.46 pp. 20051-20056
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; Lactobacillus plantarum; antibiotics; bacteria; evolution; mating behavior; microsymbionts; mixed culture; molasses; rearing; sex pheromones; starch
Abstract:
... Development of mating preference is considered to be an early event in speciation. In this study, mating preference was achieved by dividing a population of Drosophila melanogaster and rearing one part on a molasses medium and the other on a starch medium. When the isolated populations were mixed, "molasses flies" preferred to mate with other molasses flies and "starch flies" preferred to mate wit ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1009906107
PubMed:
21041648
PubMed Central:
PMC2993361

19. Disk prediffusion is a reliable method for testing colistin susceptibility in porcine E. coli strains

Author:
Boyen, F.; Vangroenweghe, F.; Butaye, P.; De Graef, E.; Castryck, F.; Heylen, P.; Vanrobaeys, M.; Haesebrouck, F.
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2010 v.144 no.3-4 pp. 359-362
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; minimum inhibitory concentration; evolution; strain differences; animal pathogenic bacteria; antimicrobial peptides; swine; pathogenicity; reliability; agar; accuracy; Escherichia coli
Abstract:
... During the last few years, acquired resistance to colistin in Escherichia coli, but also in other bacterial species, has been reported. It has been shown that the disk diffusion test is not a reliable method for the detection of this resistance. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable and cheap test to determine colistin susceptibility of pathogenic E. coli strains. In the current research, the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.010

20. Helix insertion into bilayers and the evolution of membrane proteins

Author:
Renthal, Robert
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2010 v.67 no.7 pp. 1077-1088
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
Escherichia coli; antibiotics; evolution; genome; lipid bilayers; membrane proteins; peptides
Abstract:
... Polytopic α-helical membrane proteins cannot spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers without assistance from polytopic α-helical membrane proteins that already reside in the membrane. This raises the question of how these proteins evolved. Our current knowledge of the insertion of α-helices into natural and model membranes is reviewed with the goal of gaining insight into the evolution of membran ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-009-0234-9
PubMed:
20039094
PubMed Central:
PMC2862650