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1. Effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, blood metabolites, proximate composition and digestive enzymes of Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) Juveniles

Author:
Ewerton Calixto da Silva; Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki; Luciana Alves Musialak; Juliet Kiyoko Sugai; Jorgelia de Jesus Pinto Castro; Fabiola Santiago Pedrotti; Caio Magnotti; Filipe dos Santos Cipriano; Vinicius Ronzani Cerqueira
Source:
Aquaculture research 2020 v.51 no.3 pp. 1162-1169
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Mugil liza; amylases; blood; cholesterol; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; glucose; growth performance; juveniles; lipid content; metabolites; nutrients; protein content; proteinases; proximate composition; satiety; triacylglycerol lipase; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... This study verified the effects of feeding frequency on growth, blood metabolites, digestive enzyme activities (alkaline protease, acid protease, amylase and lipase) and proximate composition of Lebranche mullet juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g were distributed in twelve tanks and fed one, three, five and seven times per day to apparent satiation for 60 days. While the final wei ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.14466

2. Effect of feeding frequency on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a superintensive culture in a biofloc system

Author:
Wilson Wasielesky Jr.; Aline Bezerra; Luis Poersch; Flávia Banderó Hoffling; Dariano Krummenauer
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2020 v.51 no.5 pp. 1175-1191
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; biofloc technology; biomass; feed conversion; feeding frequency; greenhouses; growth performance; microorganisms; operating costs; postlarvae; shrimp; tanks; water quality
Abstract:
... Feeding frequencies influence growth and feeding efficiencies and thus knowing the optimal protocol is important to minimize operational costs. The present study evaluated different feeding frequencies during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a biofloc system: T1 (1 feeding/day), T3 (3 feedings/day), and T6 (6 feedings/day), each with three replicates. In a greenhouse with nine 35 m² tanks, the pos ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12694

3. Effects of Bacillus lincheniformis feeding frequency on the growth, digestion and immunity of Haliotis discus hannai

Author:
Gao Xiaolong; Ke Caihuan; Wu Fucun; Li Xian; Liu Ying
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2020 v.96 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Bacillus licheniformis; Haliotis discus hannai; abalone; acid phosphatase; bacteria; body weight; carboxylic ester hydrolases; cellulose; digestion; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; genes; hemocytes; immune response; mortality; respiratory burst; specific growth rate; superoxide anion; superoxide dismutase; wastes
Abstract:
... To study the effects of Bacillus lincheniformis feeding frequency on the survival and growth of Haliotis discus hannai abalone, we measured the expression levels of nonspecific immune genes and monitored the anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus immune reaction. H. discus hannai (shell length: 32.75 ± 2.63 mm, body weight: 4.91 ± 0.34 g) was selected to perform a 70 d laboratory culture experiment includin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.038

4. Effects of feeding frequency and protein source in milk replacer for Holstein calves

Author:
K.D. Grice; K.M. Glosson; J.K. Drackley
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.11 pp. 10048-10059
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; blood; blood proteins; blood sampling; body weight; calves; colostrum; feed conversion; feeding frequency; females; group housing; hips; lipid content; males; milk replacer; protein sources; wheat protein; whey protein
Abstract:
... Whey proteins are a primary component of milk replacers (MR) and are considered the gold standard for calves. Alternative protein sources may decrease MR cost if calf performance is similar. A blend of bovine plasma protein and modified wheat protein might be a good partial replacement for whey protein. Usually MR is fed twice daily, but feeding 3 times daily might increase efficiency of nutrient ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2020-19041

5. Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc-based zero-exchange intensive systems

Author:
Wujie Xu; Yu Xu; Haochang Su; Xiaojuan Hu; Yunna Xu; Zhuojia Li; Guoliang Wen; Yucheng Cao
Source:
Aquaculture 2020 v.522 pp. 735079
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; amylases; biofloc technology; body composition; carboxylic ester hydrolases; crude protein; digestion; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; juveniles; monitoring; protein deposition; protein efficiency ratio; proteinases; rearing; shrimp; shrimp culture; stomach; survival rate; tanks; trays; water content; water quality
Abstract:
... An eight-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of daily feeding frequency on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile reared in biofloc-based zero-exchange intensive culture systems. The experiment was carried out in twelve tanks with 800 L of biofloc-rich water. Juvenile shrimp (1.52 ± 0.37 g) were sto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735079

6. Effect of different feeding regimes on the growth performance, antioxidant activity, and health of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Author:
Doaa A. El-Araby; Shimaa A. Amer; Alshimaa A. Khalil
Source:
Aquaculture 2020 v.528 pp. 735572
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; blood serum; body fat; body weight changes; crude protein; dry matter content; enzyme activity; fasting; feed conversion; feed intake; feed prices; feeding frequency; fingerlings; glucose; growth performance; histology; histopathology; intestines; lipid content; liver; protein efficiency ratio; serum albumin; superoxide dismutase; tissues; triacylglycerols; weight gain
Abstract:
... The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using different feeding regimes on the growth performance, economic efficiency, antioxidant status, and blood biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 10 weeks. Three hundred and sixty healthy fingerlings with average initial weight 16.9 ± 0.44 g were randomly allotted to 2 × 3 factorial design consisted of two ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735572

7. Effect of feeding frequency on the growth performance, carcass traits, and apparent nutrient digestibility in geese

Author:
Z.L. Liu; J.J. Xue; X.F. Huang; Y. Luo; M.R. Liang; C.J. Li; Q.G. Wang; C. Wang
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.10 pp. 4818-4823
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
ad libitum feeding; calcium; carcass characteristics; compensatory growth; digestibility; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; gastrointestinal system; geese; growth performance; phosphorus
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, carcass traits, and apparent nutrient digestibility in geese from 28 to 70 D of age. In experiment 1, a total of 240 geese were distributed in a completely randomized design into 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 10 birds each. The treatments were free access to the feeder (ad libitum) and access to the fee ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.024

8. Effects of different feeding frequencies on growth, feed utilisation, digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels

Author:
Serena Busti; Alessio Bonaldo; Francesco Dondi; Damiano Cavallini; Manuel Yúfera; Neda Gilannejad; Francisco Javier Moyano; Pier Paolo Gatta; Luca Parma
Source:
Aquaculture 2020 v.529 pp. 735616
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Sparus aurata; chymotrypsin; cortisol; creatinine; diet; digestibility; electrolytes; environmental sustainability; enzyme activity; farms; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; fish culture; fish feeding; fish feeds; fish health; fish meal; fish oils; ingredients; kidneys; pepsin; sodium; trypsin; trypsin inhibitors; vegetables
Abstract:
... In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture many efforts have been made in terms of reducing marine-derived ingredients in aquafeed formulation. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the manipulation of feeding frequency at the on-growing phase, where the high costs related to feeding procedures and the optimisation of feed efficiency and fish health are key aspects for the economic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735616

9. Effects of different feeding regimes on juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegilii) survival, growth, digestive enzyme activity, body composition and feeding costs

Author:
Haoyu Guo; Jonathan A. C. Roques; Miao Li; Xiumei Zhang
Source:
Aquaculture research 2020 v.51 no.10 pp. 4103-4112
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Sebastes melanops; animal growth; body fat; body weight; carboxylic ester hydrolases; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; experimental design; feed conversion; feed prices; feeding frequency; growth performance; intestines; juveniles; lipid content; restricted feeding; satiety
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to establish a proper feeding regime for juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegilii) intended for stock enhancement. We used a combined experimental design to assess the effects of different feeding rates (1%, 3% and 5% body weight per day (BW/day)) and feeding frequencies (apparent satiety or restricted feeding 1 to 3 times daily) on survival, growth, digestive e ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.14753

10. Feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies

Author:
Yubo Wu; Xing Ren; Jinhua Zhou; Haihan Lin; Xiujuan Wang; Hengjia Ma
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2019 v.25 no.2 pp. 292-297
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
body fat; body weight; bream; crude protein; experimental diets; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; hybrids; juveniles; lipid content; lipids; nitrogen; nitrogen retention; phosphorus; satiety; wastes; weight gain
Abstract:
... An eight‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals/day). Fish (initial body weight of 10.6 ± 0.8 g) were fed to satiation at each feeding. The test diet contained 336 g/kg crude protein and 79 g/kg crude lipid. The weight gain significan ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12852

11. Feeding management strategies to optimize the use of suspended feed for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in bioflocs

Author:
Marcos Antônio da Silva; Érika Ramos de Alvarenga; Franklin Fernando Batista da Costa; Eduardo Maldonado Turra; Gabriel Francisco de Oliveira Alves; Ludson Guimarães Manduca; Suellen Cristina Moreira de Sales; Namíbia Rizzari Leite; Vinícius Monteiro Bezerra; Stefani Grace da Silva Moraes; Edgar de Alencar Teixeira
Source:
Aquaculture research 2020 v.51 no.2 pp. 605-615
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; ammonium nitrogen; biofloc technology; body fat; body protein; carbon; carbon nitrogen ratio; dissolved oxygen; experimental design; feed conversion; feeding frequency; feeding methods; fingerlings; fish culture; hepatosomatic index; nutritive value; protein content; satiety; sugarcane; water quality
Abstract:
... Feeding strategies of tilapia (initial average weight: 32 g) cultivated with Biofloc technology (BFT) (carbon source: sugarcane, C:N ratio: 6:1) for 56 days were studied. A 4 × 3 factorial experimental design was used with four feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four times a day) and three feeding rates (50%, 75% and 100% consumption in relation to apparent satiety), with four replicates. Lo ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.14408

12. Optimum feeding frequency for juvenile short barbeled velvetchin Hapalogenys nigripinnis reared in floating sea cages

Author:
Sung-Yong Oh; B. A. Venmathi Maran; Jin Woo Park
Source:
Fisheries science 2019 v.85 no.2 pp. 379-385
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Hapalogenys; blood plasma; body composition; body weight; cage culture; cages; diet; enzymes; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; food consumption; juveniles; lipid content; mariculture; protein content; rearing; satiety; specific growth rate; weight gain
Abstract:
... A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on growth, food consumption, body composition, and hematological responses of juvenile short barbeled velvetchin reared in floating sea cages. Fish (mean body weight of 28.8 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiety using a commercial diet (49.0% protein) at four different feeding frequencies (from one to four meals dai ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12562-019-01288-1

13. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between feeding behaviours and feed efficiency in crossbred beef replacement females

Author:
C.A. Olson; C. Li; H. Block; L. McKeown; J.A. Basarab
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2020 v.100 no.4 pp. 781-785
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
backfat; beef cows; beef production; cow feeding; crossbreds; dry matter intake; fat thickness; feed conversion; feeding frequency; forage; genotype-phenotype correlation; heifers; heritability; ultrasonography
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to identify the phenotypic and genetic relationships and heritability (h²) of feeding behaviours (FB) in replacement beef females. Between 2005 and 2017, heifers (N = 1394) were tested for feed intake using an electronic feed bunk system. The various FB were feeding duration (DUR; min d⁻¹), head down time (HD; min d⁻¹), feeding frequency (FREQ; events d⁻¹), time-t ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjas-2019-0212

14. Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth, Food Consumption, Proximate Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Juvenile Dark‐banded Rockfish, Sebastes inermis

Author:
Sung‐Yong Oh; B. A. Venmathi Maran; Jin W. Park
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2018 v.49 no.6 pp. 994-1001
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Sebastes inermis; blood chemistry; body composition; body weight; diet; feed conversion; feeding frequency; food consumption; growth performance; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; juveniles; protein content; proximate composition; rockfish; satiety; tanks; weight gain
Abstract:
... The effects of feeding frequency on growth, food consumption, body composition, and blood chemistry of dark‐banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis, were investigated for 70 d. A total of 30 rockfish each (initial mean body weight of 13.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed to twelve 75‐L tanks. Fish were hand‐fed to satiation with a commercial diet (51.0% protein) under one of four different feeding fre ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12512

15. Effect of feeding frequency on growth and enzymatic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei during nursery phase in biofloc system

Author:
S. Peixoto; E. Silva; C.B. Costa; R.C. Nery; F. Rodrigues; J.F. Silva; R. Bezerra; R. Soares
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2018 v.24 no.1 pp. 579-585
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; amylases; biofloc technology; carboxylic ester hydrolases; chymotrypsin; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; postlarvae; rearing; shrimp; tanks; trypsin; water quality
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the zootechnical performance and enzymatic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different feeding frequencies during the nursery phase in biofloc system. The experiment consisted of four treatments, corresponding to the feeding frequencies of one, two, three and four times a day. Twelve‐day postlarvae (PL12) were stocked in 12 circular tanks at a density of 3,000/m² for ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12591

16. Modulation of lipid metabolism in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) as affected by feeding frequency and environmental ammonia

Author:
Muzi Zhang; Chengdong Hou; Ming Li; Yunxia Qian; Wenbin Xu; Fanxing Meng; Rixin Wang
Source:
Fish physiology and biochemistry 2019 v.45 no.1 pp. 115-122
ISSN:
0920-1742
Subject:
NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Tachysurus fulvidraco; ammonia; brain; carnitine palmitoyltransferase; fatty-acid synthase; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; gene expression; juveniles; lipid metabolism disorders; lipoprotein lipase; liver; messenger RNA; weight gain
Abstract:
... In the intensive culture systems, excessive feeding leads to ammonia accumulation, which results in lipid metabolism disorder. However, little information is available on the modulation of lipid metabolism in fish as affected by feeding frequency and ammonia stress. In this study, weight gain increased as feeding frequency increased from one to four times daily, but feed conversion ratio is opposi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10695-018-0540-y

17. Multiple feedings enhance the growth performance and feed efficiency of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei when fed a low-fish meal amino acid-supplemented diet

Author:
Alberto J. P. Nunes; Hassan Sabry-Neto; Francisco Hélio Pires da Silva; Adhemar Rodrigues de Oliveira-Neto; Karthik Masagounder
Source:
Aquaculture international 2019 v.27 no.2 pp. 337-347
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; amino acids; body weight; feed conversion; feed supplements; feeding frequency; fish feeding; fish meal; growth performance; juveniles; rearing; shrimp; tanks
Abstract:
... In the coming years, supplementation of crystalline amino acids (CAAs) will become a standard practice driven by the trend towards low-fish meal diets. We have evaluated the effect of feeding juvenile L. vannamei several times a day versus two (2×) and four (4×) times using a low-fish meal diet supplemented with CAAs. A total of 1632 shrimp of 1.06 ± 0.16 g were stocked in 16 outdoor tanks of 1 m³ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10499-018-0330-7

18. Effects of feeding frequency and density on growth, energy budget and physiological performance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Author:
Bin Xia; Yichao Ren; Jiying Wang; Yongzhi Sun; Zhendong Zhang
Source:
Aquaculture 2017 v.466 pp. 26-32
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Apostichopus japonicus; body weight; cortisol; crude protein; digestibility; energy intake; feces; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; food conversion; glucose; glycogen; growth performance; lactic acid; lipids; metabolism; muscles; protein efficiency ratio; regression analysis; specific growth rate; stocking rate
Abstract:
... Feeding frequency and density are two of the most important factors that directly affect the growth and physiology of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In the present study, a 60-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency (1 time, 2 times and 3 times per day) and stocking density (D10, D20, D40 and D60) on growth performance, feed utilization, endocrine response a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.09.039

19. Optimal feeding frequency of captive head‐started green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Author:
H. Kanghae; K. Thongprajukaew; P. Yeetam; T. Jarit‐ngam; W. Hwan‐air; S. Rueangjeen; K. Kittiwattanawong
Source:
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2017 v.101 no.4 pp. 667-675
ISSN:
0931-2439
Subject:
lipids; digestion; specific growth rate; nutrients; juveniles; Chelonia mydas; enthalpy; feces; elemental composition; turtles; ad libitum feeding; metabolism; body weight; feed conversion; feed intake; growth performance; mortality; weight gain; feeding frequency; digestive enzymes
Abstract:
... Optimal feeding frequency was investigated to improve head‐started propagation programme of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The 15‐day‐old turtles (25–26 g body weight) were fed for ad libitum intake at one (1MD), two (2MD), three (3MD) or four (4MD) meals daily over a 3‐month trial. Responses in growth, feed utilization, faecal characteristics, haematological parameters and carapace elem ...
DOI:
10.1111/jpn.12583

20. Effect of Dietary Lipid Level and Feeding Frequency on the Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Composition of Juvenile Spotted Seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus

Author:
Md Mostafizur Rahman; Sang‐Min Lee
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2017 v.48 no.4 pp. 634-642
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Lateolabrax japonicus; animal growth; body composition; dietary fat; energy intake; experimental diets; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; growth performance; juveniles; lipid content; lipids; protein efficiency ratio; satiety; specific growth rate; water content; weight gain
Abstract:
... A 6‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid levels and feeding frequencies on the growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus. Two experimental diets were prepared with two different dietary lipid contents, low lipid (7%; LL) and high lipid (14%; HL). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups o ...
DOI:
10.1111/jwas.12382

21. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, body composition, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of immunodependent genes before or after ammonia-N stress in juvenile oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense

Author:
Zhili Ding; Youqin Kong; Yixiang Zhang; Jingfen Li; Fang Cao; Junbo Zhou; Jinyun Ye
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2017 v.68 pp. 428-434
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Macrobrachium nipponense; ammonium nitrogen; antioxidants; body composition; catalase; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; gene expression; genes; growth performance; health status; hepatopancreas; immune response; juveniles; labor; lipids; malondialdehyde; messenger RNA; mortality; oxidative stress; shrimp; superoxide dismutase
Abstract:
... Feeding frequency is important for the improvement of growth performance and immunity of aquatic animals. In this study, the effect of feeding frequency on growth, body composition, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of immunodependent genes before or after ammonia-N stress was examined in Macrobrachium nipponense. Prawns were randomly assigned to one of five feeding frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4 an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.045

22. Effects of feeding frequency and dietary protein levels on juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) var. CAS III: growth, feed utilization and serum free essential amino acids dynamics

Author:
Shuaibing Zhao; Dong Han; Xiaoming Zhu; Junyan Jin; Yunxia Yang; Shouqi Xie
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.1 pp. 290-303
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Carassius gibelio; blood serum; carbon; crude protein; dietary protein; essential amino acids; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; juveniles; nitrogen; nitrogen content; phosphorus; protein intake; specific growth rate; trypsin; wastes
Abstract:
... A 8 week growth trial of three feeding frequencies (2, 4 and 6 meals day⁻¹) and three dietary protein levels (30%, 34% and 38%) was conducted to investigate the influence of feeding frequency and dietary protein level on growth, feed utilization, serum free essential amino acids (EAA) dynamics and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C) retention in juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12491

23. Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed efficiency and body composition of juveniles Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindacher 1879)

Author:
Manecas Baloi; Cristina V A Carvalho; Fabio C Sterzelecki; Gabriel Passini; Vinícius R Cerqueira
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.2 pp. 554-560
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Sardinella brasiliensis; ash content; body composition; body weight changes; condition factor; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; juveniles; lipid content; overfishing; satiety; specific growth rate; tanks; Brazil
Abstract:
... The Brazilian sardine is the most important fishery resource in Brazil. Their production has declined along the last 30 years due the overfishing, climatic and oceanographic phenomena. This study was carried out to determine the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile Brazilian sardine based on growth, feed efficiency, feed intake and body composition. Six feeding frequencies of one, two, three, fo ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12514

24. Effects of feeding frequency on the enzymes and genes involved in oxidative stress in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) exposed to ammonia

Author:
Xiwei Fan; Ming Li; Lixia Yuan; Hang Lai; Meize Song; Rixin Wang; Rongquan Zheng
Source:
Aquaculture research 2017 v.48 no.12 pp. 5874-5882
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Tachysurus fulvidraco; ammonia; animal growth; antioxidant activity; brain; catalase; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; feeding methods; fish; gene expression; genes; glutathione peroxidase; juveniles; liver; malondialdehyde; messenger RNA; oxidative stress; ponds; rearing; superoxide dismutase; tanks; weight gain
Abstract:
... Optimal feeding strategies improve fish growth and health but may be affected by ammonia stress in closed rearing systems such as tanks or ponds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency and ammonia levels in rearing water on the enzymes and genes involved in oxidative stress of yellow catfish. Experiment (ammonia exposure) and control groups were randomly assigned to one of t ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13410

25. Effects of weekly feeding frequency and previous ration restriction on the compensatory growth and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings

Author:
Tamer El Sayed Ali; Silvia Martínez-Llorens; A.V. Moñino; Miguel Jover Cerdá; Ana Tomás-Vidal
Source:
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (Online) 2016 v.42 no.3 pp. 357-363
ISSN:
2090-3278
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; body composition; body weight; compensatory growth; crude protein; energy efficiency; feed conversion; feed deprivation; feed intake; feeding frequency; fingerlings; refeeding; specific growth rate; weight gain
Abstract:
... The effect of different weekly feeding frequencies on Nile tilapia fingerlings of 2.02g, was determined during 12weeks. This was done by feeding the fish 7days/week, 6days/week or 5days/week. After this restriction feeding period, all fish were fed as the control group (7days/week) during 26days to study the capability of the fish to compensate the growth during this re-feeding period. At the end ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ejar.2016.06.004

26. Effect of daily feeding frequency on performance of 2- to 4-month-old weaned dairy calves

Author:
T.M. Hill; F.X. Suarez-Mena; H.G. Bateman; J.M. Aldrich; R.L. Schlotterbeck
Source:
Professional animal scientists 2015 v.31 no.4 pp. 383-386
ISSN:
1080-7446
Subject:
Holstein; ambient temperature; body condition; body weight; corn; dairy calves; feed conversion; feeding frequency; grass hay; hips; oats; protein supplements
Abstract:
... Ninety-six Holstein calves, 48 per treatment (in 12 pens of 4 calves per pen), were fed the same diet either once or 3 times daily for 56 d. The textured diet (corn, oats, protein supplement pellet) was blended with 5% chopped grass hay. Calves fed once daily were fed at 1100 h. Calves fed 3 times daily were fed 25% of daily allotment at 0600 h, 25% of the daily allotment at 1100 h, and 50% of the ...
DOI:
10.15232/pas.2015-01413

27. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) reared in net pens

Author:
Yubo Wu; Hua Han; Jianguang Qin; Yan Wang
Source:
Aquaculture research 2015 v.46 no.6 pp. 1436-1443
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Trachinotus; body fat; condition factor; crude protein; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; fish feeds; lipid content; net pens; nitrogen; nutrient requirements; phosphorus; raw fish; rearing; wastes; water content; weight gain
Abstract:
... A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition and waste output of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus reared in net pens. Fish (10.3 ± 0.5 g) were either fed a formulated diet containing 48.4% crude protein and 5.7% crude lipid at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals per day or fed a raw fish feed at two meals per ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12297

28. Effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

Author:
Guoxiang Sun; Ying Liu; Denggao Qiu; Mengmeng Yi; Xian Li; Yong Li
Source:
Aquaculture research 2016 v.47 no.1 pp. 176-188
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Salmo salar; body weight; digestibility; digestion; energy; environmental impact; feed conversion; feeding frequency; growth performance; juveniles; nitrogen; nutrient retention; nutrients; phosphorus; recirculating aquaculture systems; salmon
Abstract:
... A 10‐week study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in replicated recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Replicated groups of juvenile salmon weighing 90 ± 2.5 g (mean ± SD) were fed a commercial feed (21.63 MJ kg⁻¹ gross energy) to designed feeding rate (1.4%, 1.6% and 1.8 ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.12480

29. Effects of feeding rates and feeding frequency on the growth performances of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii Brandt♀×A. baeri Brandt♂

Author:
Lin Luo; Tieliang Li; Wei Xing; Min Xue; Zhihong Ma; Na Jiang; Wentong Li
Source:
Aquaculture 2015 v.448 pp. 229-233
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Acipenser schrenckii; body composition; body weight; diet; experimental design; feed conversion; feed prices; feeding frequency; hybrids; juveniles; lipids; rearing; specific growth rate; stocking rate; sturgeon; tanks; weight gain
Abstract:
... The objective of our study was to establish an optimal feeding frequency and feeding rate for rearing hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii Brandt♀×A. baeri Brandt♂) in production during the juvenile growth phase. The growth and survival of juvenile hybrid sturgeon were determined at four different feeding rates and three different frequencies. The feeding rates were 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% body weight ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.005

30. Feeding Frequency and Rate Effects on Growth and Physiology of Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Nile Tilapia

Author:
Qing Huang; Kai Huang; Yanqun Ma; Xi Qin; Yanhong Wen; Lei Sun; Lining Tang
Source:
North American journal of aquaculture 2015 v.77 no.4 pp. 503-512
ISSN:
1548-8454
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; aquaculture; body fat; body weight; experimental design; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; genetic improvement; hepatosomatic index; histopathology; juveniles; liver; metabolites; specific growth rate; survival rate; weight gain
Abstract:
... To establish an effective feeding regime for the aquaculture of genetically improved farmed Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT), this experiment investigated the effects of feeding frequency and daily ration on the growth of GIFT fry (initial weight, ca. 0.85 g). A factorial experiment design of two feeding frequencies (2 and 3 meals/d) and five feeding rates (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% body weight ...
DOI:
10.1080/15222055.2015.1066472

31. Feeding frequency influences growth, feed consumption and body composition of juvenile rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus)

Author:
Sung-Yong Oh; B. A. Venmathi Maran
Source:
Aquaculture international 2015 v.23 no.1 pp. 175-184
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
Oplegnathus fasciatus; ash content; body composition; body weight; bream; cages; energy; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish consumption; juveniles; nitrogen content; rearing; satiety; wastes; water temperature; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... The influence of feeding frequency on growth, feed consumption and body composition of juvenile rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was investigated for 70 days under an ambient water temperature (mean = 22.1 °C) in sea cages at Tongyeong, in the southern part of Korea. A total of 600 juveniles were used in this experiment, from which 50 juveniles (initial mean body weight 11.6 g) per cage were ran ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10499-014-9806-2

32. Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala

Author:
Hong-Yan Tian; Ding-Dong Zhang; Xiang-Fei Li; Chun-Nuan Zhang; Yu Qian; Wen-Bin Liu
Source:
Aquaculture 2015 v.437 pp. 60-66
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Megalobrama amblycephala; alpha-amylase; biomass; brain; enzyme activity; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; gene expression; growth retardation; insulin-like growth factor I; juveniles; lipid content; messenger RNA; sodium; somatotropin; water content; weight gain
Abstract:
... An 8-week experiment was conducted to determine the optimal feeding frequency of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish (8.87±0.03g) were randomly assigned to one of six feeding frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 times daily) and hand-fed at 8% of the biomass per day for the first 4weeks and 6% for the remaining 4weeks. The results showed that maximum final weight (29.75±0.73g) an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.032

33. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization of juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus luscus)

Author:
Ercan Küçük; İlhan Aydın; Hamza Polat; Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan; Temel Şahin
Source:
Aquaculture international 2014 v.22 no.2 pp. 723-732
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
Platichthys flesus; ash content; body composition; diet; fat intake; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fiberglass; flounder; growth performance; hatcheries; juveniles; lipid content; nitrogen; protein content; rearing; satiety; tanks
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of optimal feeding frequency on growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization and body composition in juvenile flounder. Four feeding frequencies of one (F1), two (F2), three (F3) and four (F4) times a day were evaluated as treatments in triplicate for a period of 60 days. Forty-seven hatchery produced juveniles (2.5 ± 0.7 g) were st ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10499-013-9701-2

34. Effects of temperature and feeding frequency on ingestion and growth for rare minnow

Author:
Benli Wu; Si Luo; Jianwei Wang
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2015 v.140 pp. 197-202
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
Gobiocypris rarus; body weight; digestive system; environmental factors; environmental science; feed conversion; feeding frequency; feeding methods; food consumption; growth performance; ingestion; juveniles; minnows; specific growth rate; water temperature
Abstract:
... Water temperature and feeding frequency are two important components in feeding strategy that directly affect the growth and physiology of fishes. The rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) has been cultured for decades in the laboratory as an experimental fish and is widely used in environmental science research. An 8-week factorial feeding experiment was conducted on juvenile rare minnows to investigat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.034

35. Feed digestibility and productive performance of bullfrogs raised in cages and fed in different periods and high frequency

Author:
Cecília Silva de Castro; Daniel Argentim; Paula Kerni Novelli; Juliana Mara Costa; Camila Sousa Magela de Menezes; Armando Contin Neto; José Cavalcante de Souza Vieira; Pedro de Magalhães Padilha; Claudio Angelo Agostinho
Source:
Aquaculture 2014 v.433 pp. 1-5
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Lithobates catesbeianus; autumn; cages; calcium; carnivores; crude protein; digestibility; energy; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; frogs; phosphorus; polypropylenes; rearing; winter
Abstract:
... Three feeding frequencies (24, 48 and 96 meals/day) and three feeding periods (daytime, nighttime and daytime/nighttime) were evaluated in this experiment. Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus), with average weight of 78.6±15.7g, were distributed in 36 pens at a density of 88 frogs/m2. The pens, made of polypropylene and screened floor, were installed inside cages, linearly distributed in a 2000m2 p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.044

36. Polyculture of frogs and tilapia in cages with high feeding frequency

Author:
Cecília Silva de Castro; Raphaela Rezende Ribeiro; Lucas Miyabara Agostinho; Anderson Aparecido Dias Santos; Célio Aparecido Carmelin; Renie Venn Chan; João Favero Neto; Claudio Angelo Agostinho
Source:
Aquacultural engineering 2014 v.61 pp. 43-48
ISSN:
0144-8609
Subject:
Lithobates catesbeianus; Oreochromis niloticus; cages; feed conversion; feeding frequency; frogs; polypropylenes; wastes
Abstract:
... The polyculture of frogs and tilapia was evaluated in 12 pens made of polypropylene, installed within cages linearly distributed in a pond. 43 bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) with 79.1±16.9g were distributed in each pen; and 30 tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) with 17.0±1.0g were distributed in each cage. Three feeding frequencies were tested (24, 48 and 96meals/day) and the feed was suppli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.06.001

37. Utilization of dietary starch by juvenile white sea bream Diplodus sargus at different feeding frequencies

Author:
P. Enes; I. García‐Meilán; I. Guerreiro; A. Couto; P. Pousão‐Ferreira; M. A. Gallardo; A. Oliva‐Teles
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2015 v.21 no.6 pp. 926-934
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
glutamate dehydrogenase; glycogen; dietary carbohydrate; lipids; fish; fish feeding; juveniles; cecum; starch; satiety; corn starch; NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; feed conversion; blood glucose; growth performance; glucokinase; liver; experimental diets; feeding frequency; Diplodus sargus sargus; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... To assess the effect of feeding frequency on the utilization of dietary starch by white sea bream juveniles, triplicate groups of fish were fed an experimental diet (400 g kg⁻¹ protein, 140 g kg⁻¹ lipids and 350 g kg⁻¹ pregelatinized maize starch) to apparent visual satiation 2, 3 or 4 times a day for 63 days. Growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, glycaemia, cholesterolaemia, plasma tri ...
DOI:
10.1111/anu.12227

38. Effects of feeding and stocking density on digestion of cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

Author:
Guoxiang Sun; Jimeng Zheng; Baoliang Liu; Ying Liu
Source:
Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology 2014 v.32 no.6 pp. 1320-1328
ISSN:
0254-4059
Subject:
Salmo salar; ammonium nitrogen; body weight; digestibility; digestion; energy; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish culture; growth performance; industry; mortality; nitrogen; phosphorus; recirculating aquaculture systems; specific growth rate; stocking rate
Abstract:
... The combined effects of feeding rate (0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% initial body weight/day), feeding frequency (two, three, and four times/day) and stocking density (10, 15, and 20 kg/m³) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) on growth performance, digestion and waste generation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were investigated in an 8-week orthogonal experiment (L9(3)³) with a constant daily wat ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00343-015-3358-9

39. Effect of Varying Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth, Nutrient Retention, Somatic Indices, and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Author:
Mukhtar A. Khan; Shabi Fatma Abidi
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2012 v.43 no.4 pp. 490-501
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Heteropneustes fossilis; body composition; crude protein; dietary protein; digestive enzymes; energy efficiency; enzyme activity; experimental diets; feed conversion; feeding frequency; liveweight gain; nutrient retention; proteins
Abstract:
... Effects of varying protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth performance, nutrient retention, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis (7.90 ± 0.40 g; 9.40 ± 0.20 cm) were evaluated. Six experimental diets (350Low, 350High, 400Low, 400High, 450Low, and 450High) in a 3 × 2 factorial design were formulated to contain three protein levels (350, 400, and 450 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2012.00587.x

40. Feed digestibility and productive performance of bullfrogs fed in high and low frequency

Author:
Cecília Silva de Castro; Claudio Angelo Agostinho; Daniel Argentim; Juliana Sversut de Alexandre; Luciano Caetano de Oliveira; Rodrigo Morgado Ramalho de Sousa; Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
Source:
Aquaculture 2012 v.326-329 no. pp. 123-128
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
digestible protein; silica; animal growth; feeds; feed conversion; calcium; Lithobates catesbeianus; feeding frequency; nutrient availability; digestibility; phosphorus
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effect of the feeding frequency on growth performance of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and established the coefficients of availability of calcium and phosphorus and the coefficient of digestibility of the protein in the feed. Three feeding frequencies (6, 24 and 46 meals per day) were tested in a completely randomized design with four replications. Bullfrogs with an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.11.010

41. Effect of photoperiod and feeding frequency on growth and feed utilization of fingerlings Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

Author:
Mehdi Zolfaghari; Mohammad Reza Imanpour; Esfandyar Najafi
Source:
Aquaculture research 2011 v.42 no.11 pp. 1594-1599
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Acipenser persicus; animal growth; biomass; cortisol; feed conversion; feeding frequency; feeds; fingerlings; fish feeding; glucose; photoperiod; proximate composition; rearing; spatial distribution; stress response
Abstract:
... The effects of photoperiod (12L:12D and 18L:6D) and feeding frequency (three, four and five evenly spaced daily feedings) of 10% biomass per day during light hours on growth and stress response of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings were evaluated. The interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency was not significant (P>0.05). Faster growth was observed in fish exposed to an ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02749.x

42. Phenotypic and genetic relationships among feeding behavior traits, feed intake, and residual feed intake in steers fed grower and finisher diets

Author:
O. N. Durunna; Z. Wang; J. A. Basarab; E. K. Okine; S. S. Moore
Source:
Journal of animal science 2011 v.89 no.11 pp. 3401-3409
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
backfat; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; genetic correlation; genetic relationships; heritability; models; phenotype; phenotypic correlation; prediction; steers; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Data from a 3-yr feeding trial of crossbred steers (n = 331) were used to examine the relationship between feeding behavior traits and feed efficiency in steers fed grower and finisher diets, successively. There were 2 feeding periods each year whereby the steers were fed a grower diet in the first feeding period (P1) and a finisher diet in the second feeding period (P2). Each feeding period laste ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2011-3867
PubMed:
21642495

43. Residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness and feeding frequency is independent of fertility in beef heifers

Author:
J. A. Basarab; M. G. Colazo; D. J. Ambrose; S. Novak; D. McCartney; V. S. Baron
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2011 v.91 no.4 pp. 573-584
ISSN:
1918-1833
Subject:
backfat; beef cattle; birth weight; calves; calving; calving rate; death; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; heifers; pregnancy rate; progesterone; puberty; residual effects; weaning; weaning weight
Abstract:
... Basarab, J. A., Colazo, M. G., Ambrose, D. J., Novak, S., McCartney, D. and Baron, V. S. 2011. Residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness and feeding frequency is independent of fertility in beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 573–584. This study examined the effects of residual feed intake (RFI), RFI adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIfₐₜ) and RFI adjusted for off-test backfat ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjas2011-010

44. Response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to supplemental DL-methionine and different feeding strategies

Author:
L.C. Nwanna; A. Lemme; Abdallah Metwally; F.J. Schwarz
Source:
Aquaculture 2012 v.356-357 no. pp. 365-370
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Cyprinus carpio; absorption; arginine; carp; diet; digestibility; digestible protein; digestive system; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; feeds; lipids; lysine; meat carcasses; methionine; nutrients; organic matter; proteins; satiety; serine; weight gain
Abstract:
... The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an agastric fish, meaning absorption of nutrients is highly dependent on the rate of feed passage in the gut. Two diets and 3 feeding strategies were used in a 2×3 factorial experiment, conducted to determine whether utilization of supplemental DL-methionine (DL‐Met) interacts with feeding strategies. Diets 1 and 2 contained, respectively, no Met supplementatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.044

45. Assessing feed efficiency in beef steers through feeding behavior, infrared thermography and glucocorticoids

Author:
Montanholi, Y.R.; Swanson, K.C.; Palme, R.; Schenkel, F.S.; McBride, B.W.; Lu, D.; Miller, S.P.
Source:
Animal 2010 v.4 no.5 pp. 692-701
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
hormone secretion; cattle feeding; feed conversion; feedlots; biomarkers; feeding frequency; beef cattle; energy expenditure; body temperature; bioassays; infrared radiation; steers; feces; feed intake; heat production; measurement; animal performance; glucocorticoids; prediction
Abstract:
... A better understanding of the factors regulating feed efficiency and their potential as predictors of feed efficiency in cattle is needed. Therefore, the potential of three classes of traits, namely, feeding behavior characteristics: daily time at feeder (TF; min/day), time per meal (TM; min), meal size (MS; g DM), eating rate (ER; g DM/min), number of daily meals (NM) and daily visits to the feed ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1751731109991522
PubMed:
22444121

46. Consistency of individual variation in feeding behaviour and its relationship with performance traits in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Author:
Catarina I.M. Martins; Luis E.C. Conceição; Johan W. Schrama
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2011 v.133 no.1-2 pp. 109-116
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; body weight; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; foods; ingestion; juveniles
Abstract:
... Feed intake is commonly used as one of the most important performance indicators in fish. However, very little is known about the behavioural processes involved in ingesting food such as meal duration, feeding frequency and latency to start eating. This study aims at the characterization of feeding behaviour in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in terms of consistency of individual differences ov ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2011.05.001

47. Effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Author:
Lee, Sang‐Min; Pham, Minh Anh
Source:
Aquaculture research 2010 v.41 no.9 pp. e166
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Paralichthys olivaceus; aquaculture tanks; body composition; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; fish feeding; fish feeds; lipid content; pellets; proteins; satiety; weight gain
Abstract:
... A factorial (3 × 4) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth performance, feed utilization and body proximate composition of juvenile olive flounder. Three feed types including a sinking moist pellet (MP), a sinking dry pellet (DP) and a floating extruded pellet (EP) were used. Fish (average weight, 11.1 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distribu ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02491.x

48. Optimization of feeding frequency of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fry reared in net cages under brackishwater environment

Author:
Biswas, G.; Thirunavukkarasu, A.R.; Sundaray, J.K.; Kailasam, M.
Source:
Aquaculture 2010 v.305 no.1-4 pp. 26-31
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
animal growth; fish fry; feed conversion; feeding frequency; body weight; brackish water; fish feeding; mortality; Lates calcarifer
Abstract:
... An experiment was conducted in brackishwater environment to determine the optimal feeding frequency for growth, effective feed conversion, survival, shooters emergence and size variation in Asian seabass fry reared in the net cages. Four feeding frequencies of one (T1), two (T2), three (T3) and four (T4) times a day were evaluated as treatments in triplicate for a period of 5weeks. Hatchery produc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.04.002

49. Characterization of feed efficiency traits and relationships with feeding behavior and ultrasound carcass traits in growing bulls

Author:
Lancaster, P.A.; Carstens, G.E.; Ribeiro, F.R.B.; Tedeschi, L.O.; Crews, D.H. Jr.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2009 v.87 no.4 pp. 1528-1539
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
simulation models; carcass characteristics; phenotype; cattle feeding; thickness; feed conversion; beef bulls; feeding frequency; area; skeletal muscle; phenotypic correlation; liveweight gain; dry matter intake; selection criteria; backfat; ultrasonography
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to characterize feed efficiency traits and to examine phenotypic correlations between performance and feeding behavior traits, and ultrasound measurements of carcass composition in growing bulls. Individual DMI and feeding behavior traits were measured in Angus bulls (n = 341; initial BW = 371.1 ± 50.8 kg) fed a corn silage-based diet (ME = 2.77 Mcal/kg of DM) for ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2008-1352
PubMed:
18997083

50. Fishmeal can be completely replaced by soy protein concentrate by increasing feeding frequency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) less than 2 g

Author:
ZHAO, H.; JIANG, R.; XUE, M.; XIE, S.; WU, X.; GUO, L.
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2010 v.16 no.6 pp. 648-653
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; body weight; feed concentrates; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; fish; fish meal; protein concentrates; protein value; soy protein
Abstract:
... An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of complete replacement of fishmeal protein by soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) fry (initial body weight 1.6 ± 0.0 g). In control diet, 135 g kg‐¹ fishmeal was used, and in the other two diets, 100% of fishmeal was replaced by SPC supplemented with or without methion ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00708.x

51. Influence of equalizing the gross composition of milk replacer to that of whole milk on the performance of Holstein calves

Author:
Lee, H.J.; Khan, M.A.; Lee, W.S.; Yang, S.H.; Kim, S.B.; Ki, K.S.; Kim, H.S.; Ha, J.K.; Choi, Y.J.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2009 v.87 no.3 pp. 1129-1137
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
milk replacer; calf feeding; animal health; Holstein; feed rations; maternal milk; dairy cows; blood chemistry; liveweight gain; body weight; feed conversion; weaning; feed composition; dry matter intake; calves; cow colostrum; animal growth; feeding frequency; nutrient availability; suckling
Abstract:
... This study compared the performance of female Holstein calves fed either whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) having similar gross composition to WM. Calves (n = 20) were separated from their mothers within 2 h of birth, weighed, moved into individual pens, and fed colostrum (10% of their BW over 2 feedings daily) for the first 3 d. Calves were alternately assigned to either WM (n = 10) or MR (n ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2008-1110

52. Level of cottonseed meal but not frequency of feeding regulates whole-body protein synthesis and growth of sheep fed a roughage diet

Author:
Kahn, L.P.; Rao, Somu B.N.; Nolan, J.V.
Source:
Animal production science 2009 v.49 no.11 pp. 1023-1028
ISSN:
1836-5787
Subject:
dietary fiber; animal growth; protein supplements; dietary protein; protein synthesis; optimal nutrition; feed conversion; sheep; cottonseed oil; feeding frequency; high protein diet; sheep feeding; nutritional adequacy; liveweight gain; nutrient retention; feed intake
Abstract:
... An incomplete factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effect of level and frequency of feeding of a protein-rich supplement on the growth and whole-body protein metabolism of young sheep fed a medium quality roughage diet. Cottonseed meal (CSM) was used as the protein supplement and provided at 0, 0.2 or 0.4% liveweight per day at a frequency of 1 or 3 times each week and chopped oaten ...
DOI:
10.1071/AN09066

53. Sequential feeding using whole wheat and a separate protein-mineral concentrate improved feed efficiency in laying hens

Author:
Umar Faruk, M.; Bouvarel, I.; Même, N.; Rideau, N.; Roffidal, L.; Tukur, H.M.; Bastianelli, D.; Nys, Y.; Lescoat, P.
Source:
Poultry science 2010 v.89 no.4 pp. 785-796
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
laying hens; hen feeding; feed conversion; feed supplements; dietary mineral supplements; dietary protein; protein supplements; feed grains; wheat; temporal variation; feeding frequency; feed intake; egg production; egg weight; metabolizable energy; energy intake; crude protein; body weight; gizzard; pancreas; liver; glycogen; lipid content
Abstract:
... The effect of feeding nutritionally different diets in sequential or loose-mix systems on the performance of laying hen was investigated from 16 to 46 wk of age. Equal proportions of whole wheat grain and protein-mineral concentrate (balancer diet) were fed either alternatively (sequential) or together (loose-mix) to ISA Brown hens. The control was fed a complete layer diet conventionally. Each tr ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2009-00360
PubMed:
20308412

54. Effect of feeding regime and fish size on weight gain, feed intake and gastric evacuation in juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus

Author:
Booth, M.A.; Tucker, B.J.; Allan, G.L.; Fielder, D. Stewart
Source:
Aquaculture 2008 v.282 no.1-4 pp. 104-110
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Pagrus; snapper; animal growth; weight gain; feed intake; feed conversion; fish feeding; feeding methods; feeding frequency; fish culture
Abstract:
... We investigated the interactive effects of nine feeding regimes (1 feeding early, 1 feeding late, 2 feedings early, 2 feedings late, 4 feedings, 4 feedings early, 4 feedings late, 6 feedings or 8 feedings per day; hereafter IFE, 1FL, 2FE, 2FL, 4F, 4FE, 4FL, 6F or 8F, respectively) and two fish sizes (small [almost equal to]5 g or large [almost equal to]20 g) on the harvest weight, feed intake and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.027

55. Effects of feeding time on behaviour, thermoregulation and growth of steers in winter

Author:
Bergen, R.D.; Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S.; McAllister, T.A.; Kennedy, A.D.
Source:
Canadian journal of animal science 2008 v.88 no.3 pp. 369-379
ISSN:
0008-3984
Subject:
animal behavior; animal growth; cattle feeding; feed conversion; feeding frequency; thermoregulation; air temperature; beef cattle; body temperature; liveweight gain; steers; diurnal variation; forage; feed intake; finishing; feed concentrates; feed rations

56. Forty-Eight-Hour Cycle Sequential Feeding with Diets Varying in Protein and Energy Contents: Adaptation in Broilers at Different Ages

Author:
Bouvarel, I.; Chagneau, A.M.; Lescoat, P.; Tesseraud, S.; Leterrier, C.
Source:
Poultry science 2008 v.87 no.1 pp. 196-203
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
broiler chickens; broiler feeding; feed rations; feeding frequency; dietary protein; energy content; protein content; animal welfare; energy intake; feed intake; males; animal age; ad libitum feeding; liveweight gain; body weight; feed conversion; locomotion; carcass characteristics; body conformation; breast muscle; abdominal fat; pH; meat quality; chicken meat
Abstract:
... Sequential feeding is a cyclic feeding program with 2 diets for 1 or several days used to induce lower feed costs or to improve welfare quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of energy [2,800 (E-) and 3,200 kcal/kg (E+)] and protein [230 (P+) and 150 g/kg (P-)] content on daily feed intake and growth in 900 male broiler chickens, and to compare these results with stan ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2007-00205
PubMed:
18079471

57. Growth, production and fin damage in cage-held 0+ Atlantic salmon pre-smolts (Salmo salar L.) fed either a) on-demand, or b) to a fixed satiation-restriction regime: Data from a commercial farm

Author:
Noble, Chris; Kadri, Sunil; Mitchell, David F.; Huntingford, Felicity A.
Source:
Aquaculture 2008 v.275 no.1-4 pp. 163-168
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fish farms; Salmo salar; salmon; farmed fish; animal growth; fish feeding; fish culture; feeding frequency; fins; seasonal variation; feed conversion; satiety; restricted feeding
Abstract:
... This experiment investigated the impact of feeding regime upon the growth performance, production efficiency and fin damage of cage-held 0+ Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. Six groups of pre-smolts (n =61847±2620 fish group⁻¹) were held in six 12x12x4 m production cages for 64 days (23rd August until 26th October) at initial and final densities of 4.6±0.2 kg m⁻³ and 9.5±0.5 kg m⁻³, respectively (mean±S ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.028

58. Nutrition and feeding research in the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus), new species for marine aquaculture

Author:
García-Ortega, Armando
Source:
Fish physiology and biochemistry 2009 v.35 no.1 pp. 69-80
ISSN:
0920-1742
Subject:
Lutjanus; Rosa; Sphoeroides; animal growth; animal source protein; digestive tract; egg quality; enzyme activity; essential fatty acids; fatty acid composition; feed conversion; feeding frequency; feeding level; fish culture; fish feeds; high protein diet; ingredients; juveniles; larvae; larval development; live feeds; mariculture; natural foods; new species; nutrition research; oils; protein sources; proteins; research support; snapper
Abstract:
... The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) are fish species from the tropical Eastern Pacific for which controlled production of larvae and juveniles has been accomplished in recent years. Diverse topics relating to their biology and aquaculture production are currently under study, in particular the nutrition and feeding aspects required to formulate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10695-008-9226-1

59. Photoperiod and feeding interval requirements of juvenile mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus

Author:
Ballagh, D.A.; Pankhurst, P.M.; Fielder, D.S.
Source:
Aquaculture 2008 v.277 no.1-2 pp. 52-57
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Argyrosomus; brackish water fish; mortality; animal growth; body weight; body size; feed conversion; fish culture; fish feeding; feeding frequency; photoperiod
Abstract:
... Two experiments were completed to determine the most efficient feeding interval and photoperiod for rearing juvenile mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus. The first, a two-factor experiment incorporating three photoperiods (12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D), and five feeding intervals (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h between feeds), examined the effects on somatic growth rate, feeding efficiency and survival of juvenil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.025

60. Relationship between feeding behavior and residual feed intake in growing Brangus heifers

Author:
Bingham, G.M.; Friend, T.H.; Lancaster, P.A.; Carstens, G.E.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2009 v.87 no.8 pp. 2685-2689
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
cow feeding; heifers; animal behavior; biting rates; beef cows; feed conversion; body weight; feeding frequency; liveweight gain; duration; Brangus; dry matter intake
Abstract:
... Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency defined as the difference between actual feed intake and expected feed intake required for maintenance and production. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between RFI, feeding behavior, and other performance traits in growing heifers. Individual DMI was measured in Brangus heifers (n = 115) fed a roughage-based di ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2009-1851
PubMed:
19395511

61. The relationship of feeding behavior to residual feed intake in crossbred Angus steers fed traditional and no-roughage diets

Author:
Golden, J.W.; Kerley, M.S.; Kolath, W.H.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2008 v.86 no.1 pp. 180-186
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
phenotype; cattle feeding; Angus; feed conversion; body weight; feeding frequency; ad libitum feeding; beef cattle; liveweight gain; steers; diurnal variation; genotype; feed concentrates; dry matter intake; feed rations
Abstract:
... Two studies were conducted to determine the relationship of feeding behavior to a phenotypic expression of residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of efficiency. In Exp. 1, a feedlot diet containing roughage was fed (traditional). In Exp. 2, a no-roughage diet was fed. Residual feed intake, a measure of feed efficiency, was calculated for both studies. In Exp. 1, six feed-efficient (low RFI) steers ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2005-569
PubMed:
17785590

62. Effects of dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Author:
Seo, Joo-Young; Lee, Sang-Min
Source:
Aquaculture international 2008 v.16 no.6 pp. 551-560
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
lipid content; proteins; weight gain; energy intake; dietary fat; feeding level; experimental diets; feed conversion; feeding frequency; carbohydrates; dietary carbohydrate; body composition; lipids; fish feeds; rockfish; Sebastes schlegelii; feed intake; feed composition; fish feeding
Abstract:
... An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Triplicate groups of fish (body weight of 4.1 g) were fed the experimental diets containing either high levels of carbohydrate (HC, 35%), lipid (HL, 13%), or protein (HP, 55%) at different fe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10499-008-9165-y

63. Effects of different feeding frequency on the growth, survival and feed conversion ratio of the Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer juveniles reared under hypersaline seawater of the Red Sea

Author:
Salama, Adnan Jameel
Source:
Aquaculture research 2008 v.39 no.6 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Lates calcarifer; bass; body weight; crude protein; diet; farmed fish; feed conversion; feeding frequency; growth performance; juveniles; mortality; population; rearing; seawater; Red Sea
Abstract:
... The effects of several feeding frequencies of two, three and four times per day on Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer growth performance have been tested. Fish were reared under ambient Red Sea water conditions; these fish were fed diets containing 48% crude protein for 45 days. The present study was carried out at the Faculty of Marine Science (Abhor branch). The results show that fish population fe ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01890.x

64. Effects of feeding frequency and ration level on growth, feed utilization and nitrogen waste output of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides) reared in net pens

Author:
Wang, Y.; Kong, L.J.; Li, K.; Bureau, D.P.
Source:
Aquaculture 2007 v.271 no.1-4 pp. 350-356
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Sciaenidae; marine fish; mortality; animal growth; feed intake; feed conversion; weight gain; body composition; protein content; lipid content; ash content; fish feeding; fish culture; mariculture; feeding frequency
Abstract:
... Two independent 8-week feeding trials were carried out to optimize feeding regime for cuneate drum reared in net pens. In Trial I, triplicate groups of fish weighing 38.3 ± 0.2 g fish- 1 (mean ± S.E.) were fed a practical feed [15 kJ digestible energy (DE) g- 1] to satiation in 1 meal every other day (0.5 meal d- 1), 1 meal d- 1, or 2 meal d- 1. Ration level of the fish fed at 1 meal d- 1 was appr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.022

65. Fin condition and growth among rainbow trout reared at different sizes, densities and feeding frequencies in high-temperature re-circulated water

Author:
Rasmussen, Richard Skøtt; Larsen, Flemming Hausgaard; Jensen, Stig
Source:
Aquaculture international 2007 v.15 no.2 pp. 97-107
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
fins; rearing; feed conversion; feeding frequency; Oncorhynchus mykiss; fish feeds; satiety
Abstract:
... Rainbow trout were studied at different rearing densities, fish sizes and feeding frequencies so that we could evaluate the effect of these parameters on fin condition, growth and feed utilisation. In one study, two sizes of rainbow trout (18-70 g or 48-125 g), fed to near satiation at 17.7°C, were examined at two rearing densities (11-41 kg m-³ or 21-92 kg m-³). This study showed that the anal fi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10499-006-9070-1

66. Influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in suboptimal water temperatures

Author:
KIM, Kyoung-Duck; KIM, Kyong-Min; KANG, Yong Jin
Source:
Fisheries science 2007 v.73 no.4 pp. 745-749
ISSN:
0919-9268
Subject:
Paralichthys olivaceus; body composition; diet; feed conversion; feed intake; feeding frequency; flounder; growth performance; juveniles; protein efficiency ratio; rearing; water temperature; weight gain
Abstract:
... This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in suboptimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet) x 2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily) x 2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replica ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01392.x

67. The Effect of Different Feed Restriction Programs on Reproductive Performance, Efficiency, Frame Size, and Uniformity in Broiler Breeder Hens

Author:
de Beer, M.; Coon, C.N.
Source:
Poultry science 2007 v.86 no.9 pp. 1927-1939
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
sexual maturity; restricted feeding; broiler breeders; body weight; fecundity; feeding frequency; feed conversion; lipid metabolism; egg weight; mortality; feed intake; egg production; egg hatchability; hens; hen feeding; animal age; lean body mass
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feed restriction programs on breeder reproductive performance. In experiment 1, every day (ED), skip-a-day (SK), 4-3, and 5-2 programs were compared. Diets did not differ, and feed intake was identical in all groups. Four hundred twenty pullets were reared on each program. At 21 wk, 80 breeders from each program were individually housed to ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/86.9.1927
PubMed:
17704381

68. Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration and Feeding Regimen on Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Production

Author:
Li, M.H.; Robinson, E.H.; Oberle, D.F.; Bosworth, B.G.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2006 v.37 no.4 pp. 370-377
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Ictalurus punctatus; catfish; fish production; fish culture; fish ponds; dietary protein; crude protein; fish feeding; feeding frequency; feed conversion; liveweight gain; experimental diets; feed composition; feed intake
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00050.x

69. Feeding time and feeding rate and its relationship with feed intake, feed efficiency, growth rate, and rate of fat deposition in growing Duroc barrows

Author:
Rauw, W.M.; Soler, J.; Tibau, J.; Reixach, J.; Gomez Raya, L.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2006 v.84 no.12 pp. 3404-3409
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
animal growth; swine feeding; phenotype; feed conversion; barrows; feeding frequency; body weight; Duroc; body composition; liveweight gain; duration; genotype; feed intake; genetic variation; ingestion; feed rations
Abstract:
... Because feed is the major cost to pork production, management practices and breeding strategies are aimed at optimizing feed intake. Knowledge about the shape of feed intake and feeding behavior curves may be of interest for optimization of lean meat production. This study investigated trends based on daily measurements of feeding behavior in 200 Duroc barrows, originating from 5 sires and 200 dam ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-209
PubMed:
17093234

70. Genetic and phenotypic relationships of feed intake and measures of efficiency with growth and carcass merit of beef cattle

Author:
Nkrumah, J.D.; Basarab, J.A.; Wang, Z.; Li, C.; Price, M.A.; Okine, E.K.; Crews, D.H. Jr.; Moore, S.S.
Source:
Journal of animal science 2007 v.85 no.10 pp. 2711-2720
ISSN:
0021-8812
Subject:
phenotype; temperament; feed conversion; feeding frequency; genetic correlation; beef cattle; phenotypic correlation; cattle breeds; carcass quality; duration; genotype; feed intake; heritability; genetic variation; liveweight gain; phenotypic variation; selection criteria; pedigree
Abstract:
... Feed intake and efficiency of growth are economically important traits of beef cattle. This study determined the relationships of daily DMI, feed:gain ratio [F:G, which is the reciprocal of the efficiency of gain (G:F) and therefore increases as the efficiency of gain decreases and vice versa, residual feed intake (RFI), and partial efficiency of growth (efficiency of ADG, PEG) with growth and car ...
DOI:
10.2527/jas.2006-767
PubMed:
17526662

71. Modified phosphorus program for broilers based on commercial feeding intervals to sustain live performance and reduce total and water-soluble phosphorus in litter

Author:
Fritts, C.A.; Waldroup, P.W.
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2006 v.15 no.2 pp. 207-218
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
nutrient intake; broiler chickens; phytases; poultry feeding; feeding frequency; feed conversion; body weight; poultry manure; liveweight gain; mortality; eutrophication; phosphorus; mineral content; feed rations; dietary mineral supplements
DOI:
10.1093/japr/15.2.207

72. Dietary protein level and feeding rate for hybrid clariid catfish, Clarias gariepinus X Heterobranchus biidorsalis, in homestead tanks

Author:
Adebayo, Q.T.; Quadri, K.
Source:
Journal of applied aquaculture 2005 v.17 no.1 pp. 97-106
ISSN:
1045-4438
Subject:
Clarias; hybrids; fish; fish culture; aquaculture tanks; dietary protein; protein content; feeding frequency; animal growth; body composition; liveweight gain; feed conversion; feed composition; mortality; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1300/J028v17n01_08

73. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, survival and feed utilization in fingerlings of Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) in outdoor rearing systems

Author:
Biswas, Gouranga; Jena, Joy Krushna; Singh, Sarat Kumar; Muduli, Hare Krushna
Source:
Aquaculture research 2006 v.37 no.5 pp. 510-514
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Catla catla; Cirrhinus cirrhosus; Labeo rohita; biomass; carp; diet; feed conversion; feed formulation; feed requirements; feeding frequency; fingerlings; fish feeds; rearing; survival rate; tanks
Abstract:
... Fingerling rearing of Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, were conducted in concrete tanks under a polyculture system at a density of 0.3 million fry ha[superscript [-]1] to evaluate the effect of one, two or three feedings per day on growth, survival and feed utilization. Fry were fed with formulated supplementary diet at 10% of biomass per day during the first 15 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01457.x

74. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, survival and feed utilization in mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala, and rohu, Labeo rohita, during nursery rearing

Author:
Biswas, G.; Jena, J.K.; Singh, S.K.; Patmajhi, P.; Muduli, H.K.
Source:
Aquaculture 2006 v.254 no.1-4 pp. 211-218
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fish culture; Labeo rohita; animal growth; fish fry; feed conversion; feeding frequency; carp; freshwater aquaculture; freshwater fish; Cirrhinus cirrhosus; fish feeding; mortality; hatcheries
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.08.001

75. Effects of daily feeding time and frequency on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production in earthen ponds

Author:
Li, M.H.; Manning, B.B.; Oberle, D.F.; Robinson, E.H.
Source:
Journal of applied aquaculture 2005 v.17 no.3 pp. 51-60
ISSN:
1045-4438
Subject:
Ictalurus punctatus; catfish; fish culture; fish production; fish feeding; feeding frequency; feed conversion; animal growth; body composition; liveweight gain
DOI:
10.1300/J028v17n03_04

76. Enhancement of monosex hybrid red tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus, production in portable canvas tanks through mixed-feeding strategies

Author:
Ahmad Fatan, N.; Hashim, R.; Chong, A.S.C.; Ali, A.
Source:
Journal of applied aquaculture 2005 v.17 no.4 pp. 99-111
ISSN:
1045-4438
Subject:
Oreochromis mossambicus; Oreochromis niloticus; tilapia (common name); hybrids; fish culture; fish feeding; feed composition; feeding frequency; feeding methods; feed conversion; experimental diets; water quality; animal growth; liveweight gain; mortality
DOI:
10.1300/J028v17n04_07

77. The effects of diet, feeding regime and catch-up growth on flesh quality attributes of large (1 + sea winter) Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Author:
Young, A.; Morris, P.C.; Huntingford, F.A.; Sinnott, R.
Source:
Aquaculture 2005 v.248 no.1-4 pp. 59-73
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Salmo salar; salmon; anadromous fish; animal growth; feed conversion; fish fillets; body fat; body protein; ash content; texture; firmness; food quality; fish feeding; feeds; high energy diet; low calorie diet; feeding frequency; fish culture; mariculture
Abstract:
... A 122-day sea trial was undertaken in the summer/autumn of 2001 to evaluate the effects of diet, feeding regime and catch-up growth on the flesh quality of 1 + sea winter Atlantic salmon. Two diets, extremely high- or medium-energy (XE approximately 39% and ME approximately 33% oil, respectively), were fed to satiation or restrictively (80% of recommended ration) to salmon in 24 seawater pens. Fee ...

78. The effects of feeding frequency on growth of juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L

Author:
Schnaittacher, G.; King, W. V; Berlinsky, D.L.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2005 v.36 no.4 pp. 370-377
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Hippoglossus hippoglossus; halibut; marine fish; animal growth; feed conversion; fish feeding; feeding frequency; fish culture; mariculture
Abstract:
... Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency on growth of juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Fish (22-75 g) fed three (3 x) or five times per day (5 x day(-1)) under constant light and temperature (13 +/- 1 degrees C) consumed significantly more feed than fish fed 1 x day(-1) but by the end of the experiment only fish fed 5 x day(-1) were hea ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01218.x

79. The inclusion of plant protein in cod diets, its effects on macronutrient digestibility, gut and liver histology and heat shock protein transcription

Author:
Hansen, Ann-Cecilie; Rosenlund, Grethe; Karlsen, Ørjan; Olsvik, Pål A.; Hemre, Gro-Ingunn
Source:
Aquaculture research 2006 v.37 no.8 pp. 773-784
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
wheat meal; lipids; corn gluten meal; digestibility; cod (fish); protein concentrates; liver function; Gadus morhua; starch; gene expression; ingredients; stomach; feed conversion; histology; feed intake; soybean meal; histopathology; fish meal; adverse effects; heat shock proteins; liver; soy protein; feeding frequency
Abstract:
... This paper reports on the use of plant protein in cod diets, and where corn gluten meal, soybean meal, a mixture of these, or a mixture of wheat gluten meal and soy protein concentrate, substituted fish meal in a regression design up to 440 g kg⁻¹ plant ingredients. Feeding lasted for a period of 20 weeks. High growth rates were obtained, and fish were able to maintain growth in all groups by incr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01490.x

80. Effect of feed composition and feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and nutrient retention in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L

Author:
Rosenlund, G.; Karlsen, O.; Tveit, K.; Mangor-Jensen, A.; Hemre, G.I.
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2004 v.10 no.6 pp. 371-378
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
fish culture; lipid content; animal growth; dietary protein; dietary fat; hematologic tests; feed conversion; Gadus morhua; feeding frequency; nutrient retention; starch; crude protein; feed composition; cod (fish); fish feeding; mortality; juveniles
Abstract:
... Juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were fed extruded feeds formulated to contain 360-660 g kg-1 protein, 80-280 g kg-1 lipid and 80-180 g kg-1 starch at feeding frequencies of either once per day or every second day to satiation. The trial was conducted at 8 °C and lasted for 28 weeks during which fish were weighed five times at regular intervals. Sampling for proximate analysis was performed at ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00312.x

81. Evaluation of mixed feeding schedules with respect to compensatory growth and body composition in African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Author:
Ali, M.Z.; Jauncey, K.
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2004 v.10 no.1 pp. 39-45
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
fish culture; feed composition; animal growth; experimental diets; feeding frequency; feed conversion; body composition; Clarias gariepinus; feed intake; catfish; feed formulation; compensatory growth; fish feeding
Abstract:
... An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in a recycling water system at 28 ± 1 °C to investigate compensatory growth and body composition in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (13.05 ± 0.05 g). A fishmeal-based diet containing 350 g kg-1 protein and 17.5 kJ g-1 gross energy was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (per 30-L tank). Fish were fed the diet either to satiation or feed restricted in six fe ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00278.x

82. Performance of murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) in response to different feeding schedules

Author:
Abery, N.W.; De Silva, S.S.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2005 v.36 no.5 pp. 472-478
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
fish culture; animal growth; feed conversion; feeding frequency; freshwater aquaculture; freshwater fish; feed intake; cod (fish); Maccullochella peelii peelii; fish feeding; mortality; carcass composition
Abstract:
... The Australian freshwater fish Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) is gaining popularity as a suitable species for intensive culture, particularly in closed systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Murray cod in response to different feeding schedules. Growth, survival, food conversion and a range of other related parameters including carcass proximate comp ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01230.x

83. Effects of Feeding Rate and Feeding Frequency on Survival, Growth, and Body Composition of Ayu Post-Larvae Plecoglossus altivelis

Author:
Cho, Sung-Hwoan; Lim, Young Soo; Lee, Jong Ha; Lee, Jong Kwan; Park, Sangun; Lee, Sang Min
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.1 pp. 85-91
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Plecoglossus altivelis; ash content; body fat; experimental design; feed conversion; feeding frequency; fish; fish feeds; fish meal; lipid content; postlarvae; proteins; weight gain
Abstract:
... The effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on survival, growth and body composition of ayu post-larvae (0.15 g in body weight and 3.5 cm in total length) were investigated in this study. A factorial experimental design of two feeding rates (3 and 6% of body weight of fish per meal) five feeding frequencies (one meal in 2 d, one meal a day, two meals a day, four meals a day, and six meals a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00042.x

84. Effects of phase-feeding decreasing levels of dietary protein on growth and diet utilization of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

Author:
Thoman, E.S.; Davis, D.A.; Arnold, C.R.
Source:
Journal of applied aquaculture 2004 v.15 no.3-4 pp. 127-140
ISSN:
1045-4438
Subject:
Sciaenops ocellatus; marine fish; fish culture; feed composition; protein content; dietary protein; feeding level; feed intake; feeding frequency; animal growth; nutrient retention; weight gain; feed conversion; cost analysis
DOI:
10.1300/J028v15n03_10

85. The effect of feeding regimen on mixed-size pond-grown channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Author:
Wu, G.; Saoud, I.P.; Miller, C.; Davis, D.A.
Source:
Journal of applied aquaculture 2004 v.15 no.3-4 pp. 115-125
ISSN:
1045-4438
Subject:
Ictalurus punctatus; catfish; fish culture; fish ponds; feeding level; fish production; feed conversion; mortality; body composition; feeding frequency; dry matter accumulation; weight gain; Alabama
DOI:
10.1300/J028v15n03_09

86. Effects of dietary energy level and numbr of meals on growth and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) during summer and winter seasons

Author:
Cho, S.H.; Jo, J.Y.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2002 v.33 no.1 pp. 48-56
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
energy intake; feed conversion; feeding frequency; energy metabolism; Oreochromis niloticus; body composition; liveweight gain; lipids; seasonal variation; water content; water temperature; protein content; fish feeding; feed rations
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00477.x

87. Effects of early skip-a-day feed removal on broiler live performance and carcass yield

Author:
Dozier, W.A. III.; Lien, R.J.; Hess, J.B.; Bilgili, S.F.; Gordon, R.W.; Laster, C.P.; Vieira, S.L.
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2002 v.11 no.3 pp. 297-303
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
broiler chickens; carcass yield; feed rations; feeding frequency; mortality; feed conversion; body weight; liveweight gain; body fat; costs and returns; carcass weight
DOI:
10.1093/japr/11.3.297

88. Feeding frequency affects food consumption, feeding pattern and growth of juvenile yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)

Author:
Dwyer, K.S.; Brown, J.A.; Parrish, C.; Lall, S.P.
Source:
Aquaculture 2002 no.1/4 pp. 279-292
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
body weight; feeding frequency; feed conversion; liveweight gain; diurnal variation; feed intake; foraging; Limanda; fish feeding
Abstract:
... Feeding experiments were carried out on juvenile yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (6.8 +/- 0.2 g), a candidate for cold-water aquaculture in eastern North America. At about 7 degrees C, feeding frequency was shown to have a significant (P < 0.05) effect on food consumption and growth, with fish fed to apparent satiation in two or four daily meals consuming more food and growing better than ...

89. Further studies on the use of mixed feeding schedules with plant- and animal-based diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Author:
Nandeesha, M.C.; Gangadhara, B.; Manissery, J.K.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2002 v.33 no.14 pp. 1157-1162
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
carp; fish feeding; feeding frequency; feed rations; feeds; tanks; Colocasia esculenta; dietary protein; body weight; liveweight gain; feed intake; feed conversion; RNA; DNA; body fat; proteinases; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... A growth trial was conducted on common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry in cement tanks for 100 days in order to test the efficacy of mixed feeding schedules. The diets tested were a fishmeal-based diet (diet D with 30.9% protein) and three Colocasia esculenta-based diets (diet A with 16.7% protein, diet B with 19.7% protein and diet C with 25.8% protein) separately and in three mixed feeding combina ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00771.x

90. The effects of feeding frequency on water quality and growth of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Author:
Smith, D.M.; Burford, M.A.; Tabrett, S.J.; Irvin, S.J.; Ward, L.
Source:
Aquaculture 2002 no.1/2 pp. 125-136
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Penaeus monodon; water quality; feeding frequency; mortality; feed conversion; profitability; ponds; tanks; water management; feeds; nitrogen; nitrates; nitrites; phosphorus; chlorophyll; oxygen; pH; water temperature; salinity; turbidity; phosphates; ammonium compounds
Abstract:
... The feeding strategy used in the commercial culture of shrimp can have a significant impact on pond water quality and hence growth, health and survival of the shrimp, as well as the efficiency of feed utilization. These factors contribute to the profitability of production and to the environmental impact of shrimp farming. The effect of four different feeding frequencies (3, 4, 5 and 6 feedings da ...

91. The influence of culture density and enriched environments on the first stage culture of young cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Author:
Sykes, A.V.; Domingues, P.M.; Loyd, M.; Sommerfield, A.; Andrade, J.P.
Source:
Aquaculture international 2003 v.11 no.6 pp. 531-544
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
fish culture; animal growth; stocking rate; environmental enrichment; Sepia officinalis; juveniles; body weight; feed conversion; feeding frequency; Palaemonetes; fish larvae; population density; shrimp; fish feeding; mortality; aquaculture systems
DOI:
10.1023/B:AQUI.0000013262.15437.e4

92. Effect of culture system on the nutrition and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed different diets

Author:
Tacon, A.G.J.; Cody, J.J.; Conquest, L.D.; Divakaran, S.; Forster, I.P.; Decamp, O.E.
Source:
Aquaculture nutrition 2002 v.8 no.2 pp. 121-137
ISSN:
1353-5773
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; feeds; nutritional status; feeding frequency; body weight; liveweight gain; water temperature; feed intake; feed conversion; costs and returns; rearing
Abstract:
... Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted with juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) to compare the growth and performance of animals fed a series of experimental and commercial pelleted shrimp and fish feeds and dietary feeding regimes within an indoor running-water culture system and an outdoor zero-water-exchange culture system. The best overall shrimp growth performance wa ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00199.x

93. Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed efficiency, and body composition in young common pandora

Author:
Mihelakakis, A.; Yoshimatsu, T.; Tsolkas, C.
Source:
Aquaculture international 2001 v.9 no.2 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
Sparidae; feeding frequency; feed rations; feed conversion; body composition; mortality; fish feeding

94. Feeding frequency affects growth, not fillet composition, of juvenile sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis grown in cages

Author:
Webster, C.D.; Thompson, K.R.; Morgan, A.M.; Grisby, E.J.; Dasgupta, S.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2001 v.32 no.1 pp. 79-88
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
feed conversion; feeding frequency; Morone saxatilis; carcass weight; body composition; liveweight gain; water content; fish; protein content; mortality
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00925.x

95. Growth in Arctic charr and rainbow trout fed temporally concentrated or spaced daily meals

Author:
Linner, J.; Brannas, E.
Source:
Aquaculture international 2001 v.9 no.1 pp. 35-44
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
interspecific variation; feed conversion; feeding frequency; physical activity; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salvelinus alpinus; fish feeding; feed rations

96. Optimization of feeding rate for hatchery-produced juvenile gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Author:
Mihelakakis, A.; Tsolkas, C.; Yoshimatsu, T.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2002 v.33 no.2 pp. 169-175
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
weight; liver; feed conversion; feeding frequency; body weight; body composition; liveweight gain; water content; mortality; digestive tract; protein content; fish feeding; feed rations
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00491.x

97. Effect of feeding time and frequency on the growth and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fingerlings

Author:
Hossain, M.A.R.; Haylor, G.S.; Beveridge, M.C.M.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2001 v.32 no.12 pp. 999-1004
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
temporal variation; wastes; feed conversion; feeding frequency; body weight; Clarias gariepinus; feed rations; larvae; fish feeding; mortality
Abstract:
... The effects of feeding time and frequency on the growth, feed utilization and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822; family Clariidae) fingerlings were evaluated in a 25-day study. Groups of African catfish with an initial individual weight of 0.98 +/- 0.02 g were offered feeds continuously for 24 h, or during the day or night at different time intervals, with varying meal size. The growth ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00635.x

98. Effects of feeding frequency and dietary moisture content on growth, body composition and gastric evacuation of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Author:
Lee, S.M.; Hwang, U.G.; Cho, S.H.
Source:
Aquaculture 2000 no.3/4 pp. 399-409
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
liver; feed conversion; feeding frequency; muscles; Sebastes; pelleted feeds; body composition; liveweight gain; lipids; water content; feed intake; protein content; fish feeding; gastric emptying
Abstract:
... A 7-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency for growth, body composition and gastric evacuation of the juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of the fish (average weight of 5.7 g) were fed to visual satiety either dry pellets (DP) or moist pellets (MP), at different feeding frequencies (two meals a day, one meal a day or one meal every 2 days). At ...

99. Feeding management and waste production in semi-intensive farming of Penaeus monodon (Fab.) at different stocking densities

Author:
Mohanty, R.K.
Source:
Aquaculture international 2001 v.9 no.4 pp. 345-355
ISSN:
0967-6120
Subject:
stocking rate; organic matter; feed conversion; feeding frequency; body weight; nitrogen; age; Penaeus monodon; feces; feed intake; phosphorus; intensive farming; feed rations

100. The effect of different numbers of feeding days on feed consumption and growth of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)]

Author:
Okumus, I.; Bascinar, N.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2001 v.32 no.5 pp. 365-367
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Oncorhynchus mykiss; feed intake; fish feeding; feeding frequency; body weight; body condition; feed conversion
Abstract:
... A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the number of feeding days on feed consumption and growth of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (initial mean weight 53.6 +/- 11.3 g). Fish were held under natural winter-spring (40 degrees 57'N) photoperiod (L:8 D:16 - L:14 D:10) and ambient water temperatures (4-12 degrees C) for 128 days, and fed on day 7 (F7), day 5 (F5.1: no feeding o ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00566.x