An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Because little is known about the effects of individual flavorants in electronic cigarette (e-cig) fluids on human platelet aggregation, we tested for the direct effects of 15 common e-cig flavorants on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet aggregation ex vivo. To better understand a potential mechanism of action of flavorants, we quantified 2 phases of aggregation. Human platelet-ric ...
... To investigate the effects of repeatedly used broth containing star anise on the volatile flavor compounds in meat broths and stewed meat, broth containing star anise was repeatedly used to cook pork loin for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 times, respectively. Volatile flavor profiles and compounds in meat broths were determined by sensory evaluation and identified by solid-phase microextraction combined wit ...
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to discriminate braised sauce spareribs with different preparations. Volatile compounds were isolated from 11 types of sauce spareribs using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by GC-MS. Aroma and flavor compounds were also evaluated by E-nose. The crude co ...
2-heptanone; acetates; aldehydes; alpha-terpineol; chicken meat; chickens; cineole; cultural differences; discriminant analysis; ethers; flavor; flavor compounds; gas chromatography; ingredients; lactones; limonene; linalool; models; multivariate analysis; phenolic compounds; raw materials; smoked meats; spectroscopy; volatile compounds; China
Abstract:
... This article presents investigation of the flavor profile on 5 different regional Chinese smoked chicken samples using gas chromatography−ion mobility spectrometry analysis methods. Five batches of samples were obtained over the course of 6 mo. A total of 34 flavor substances were identified in the 5 smoked chicken samples, including 10 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 4 ketones, 2 hydrocarbons, 3 heterocyc ...
... INTRODUCTION: The flavor of Szechuan pepper plays an important role in Sichuan cuisine, where it is responsible for the tingling and numbing characteristic. The aims of this study were to characterize and identify aroma-active compounds of Szechuan pepper and to evaluate changes in flavor components between room and high temperature (ca. 70–80 °C). METHODS: Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAF ...
... High-pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS) is a versatile and highly sensitive analytical technique for online and real-time analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures. However, discrimination of isomers is usually a great challenge for the soft ionization method, and matrix effect is also inevitable under high pressure in the HPPI source. In ...
calcium; calcium hydroxide; cineole; citronellol; crystal structure; flavor; flavor compounds; ions; menthone; mung beans; pH; sodium hydroxide; starch; water solubility
Abstract:
... The physicochemical properties and the flavor retention ability of the dried mungbean starch film formed in the presence of calcium ions under alkaline pH were analyzed. Treating starch in a NaOH or Ca(OH)2 solution at pH 12 induced the formation B-type starch crystal. However, the starch film made with Ca(OH)2 (Ca-film) was more effective than starch film made with NaOH (Na-film) in entrapping 1, ...
... Three fungal endophytes from the genus Nodulisporium were studied for volatile organic compound (VOC) production. All three fungi grew on a wide range of carbon substrates ranging from simple sugars to waste biomass sources. The fungi synthesized a number of long and short-chain VOCs, including eucalyptol; 1-butanol, 3-methyl; 1-octen-3-ol; and benzaldehyde, all with potential applications as biof ...
... Application of the sensomics concept elucidated the key odorants of heat-processed licorice (Succus Liquiritiae). Forty-nine aroma-active compounds with flavor dilution (FD) factors between 16 and 2048 were detected; 47 thereof were identified, 23 for the first time in heated licorice. 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one revealed the highest FD factor of 2048, followed by 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylf ...
Lavandula angustifolia; acetates; borneol; camphor; carbon dioxide; chemical constituents of plants; cineole; coumarin; experimental design; flavor compounds; flowers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; linalool; models; response surface methodology; supercritical fluid extraction; temperature
Abstract:
... INTRODUCTION: Lavandula angustifolia is good source of oxygenated monoterpenes containing coumarins as well, which are all soluble in supercritical CO₂ (SC‐CO₂). OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to investigate SC‐CO₂ extraction parameters on: the total yield; GC–MS profile of the extracts; relative content of oxygenated monoterpenes; the amount of coumarin and herniarin; and to determine optimal ...
Elettaria cardamomum; acetates; cardamom; cell wall components; cell walls; cineole; flavor; flavor compounds; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrolysis; industry; oils; physicochemical properties; proteinases; scanning electron microscopy; seeds; water treatment
Abstract:
... The effect of enzyme pretreatment on extraction yield and quality of volatile oil of cardamom seeds were evaluated using various enzymes viz., Celluclast 1.5L, Pectinex Ultra SP.L, ViscozymeL and Protease. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies were conducted to visualize the effect of these enzymes on cardamom seed cell walls. The quality of the oil was further evaluated using Gas Chromatogr ...
... Curry leaves are a popular seasoning herb with a pronounced sulfury and burnt odor, the molecular background of which was yet unclear. Application of an aroma extract dilution analysis to the volatile fraction of curry leaves isolated by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation afforded 23 odor-active compounds with flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 1 to 8192. On the basi ...
additives; camphor; chemical species; cigarettes; cineole; cloves; coumarin; diphenyl ethers; eugenol; flavor; flavor compounds; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; health effects assessments; laboratory animals; menthol; methyl salicylate; smokeless tobacco; toxicity; South East Asia; United States
Abstract:
... Most research on unburned tobacco has focused on the harmful chemicals associated with the tobacco itself. However, certain flavor additives in tobacco products can pose additional health risks. Flavors like camphor, coumarin, pulegone, eugenol, methyl salicylate, menthol and diphenyl ether have exhibited biological activity and/or toxicity in both lab animals and humans. This publication presents ...
... In the present study, the complexation between volatile flavor compounds and cyclodextrins (CDs) was investigated by static headspace gas chromatography (SH-GC). We focused on the complexation behavior of α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), and of a low methylated-β-cyclodextrin (CRYSMEB) for 13 volatile flavor compounds (α-pinene, β- ...
... Isolation of the volatile fraction from the peel of Pontianak orange (Citrus nobilis var. Lour. microcarpa Hassk.) by a careful solvent extraction/vacuum distillation process followed by application of an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed 32 odour-active compounds in the flavour dilution (FD)-factor range of 4-2048, 26 of which could be identified. On the basis of high FD-factors, (R ...
Ocimum basilicum; carcinogenicity; cineole; distillation; energy; essential oils; eugenol; flavor compounds; greenhouses; human health; leaves; linalool; methyl chavicol; photosynthetically active radiation; quantitative analysis; safrole; seedlings; solar radiation; steam; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Sweet basil seedlings (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. bageco) were cultivated in a greenhouse compartment under natural light until the two primary leaves were fully expanded. Subsequently, some of the seedlings were exposed to 15 mol m-2 d 1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), whereas half of them were additionally treated with 2 kJ m-2 d-1 of biologically effective UV-B light (280 32 ...
volatile compounds; sucrose; cineole; menthone; acetaldehyde; encapsulation; dextrins; water content; flavor compounds; crystallization; temperature; gas chromatography; benzyl alcohol; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... The effects of water content and tempeature variation on the release of flavor components into the headspace over flavors, encapsulated by an extrusion process, in low water content carbohydrate matrixes is studied. The largest amounts of release occurred when the matrix was above its glass transition temperature, whether this was due to increased water content or elevated temperature. Under these ...