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... The exclusion of botanical species from the food plant range of the diamond-back moth larva is determined not only by the infrequency of adequate stimulants for feeding but also by a high frequency of occurrence of feeding inhibitors. A few plant species lack feeding inhibitors but are excluded by a deficiency of feeding stimulants. Some plants are devoid of decisive feeding inhibitors and contain ...
... Mustard oil glucosides are necessary to maintain feeding on synthetic media by larvae of the mustard beetle, Phaedon cochleariae Fab. Suitable physical texture of the medium increases intake. Attention should be paid to these factors before developing and modifying the nutrient content of synthetic media. ...
... In an attempt to establish unambiguously the presence of the nonreducing end group in cellulose when treated under nondegrading conditions, different celluloses were sub jected to exhaustive methylation, using sodium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfate in toluene. Other methods of methylation were also investigated. Samples with 43.8% methoxyl content were obtained which were found suitable for this in ...
... Trifolium repens L. and 16 species closely related to T. repens were tested qualitatively for the presence of cyanoglucoside and the enzyme that releases HCN by hydrolysis of glucoside in damaged leaves. In contrast to T. repens, none of these species contained enzyme in the absence of glucoside. Four species were comprised entirely of plants showing both constituents, one of plants showing glucos ...
... Seventeen sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf] varieties and sudangrass-sorghum (Sorghum color L. Moench) crosses were evaluated for nitrate reductase activity by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. They were also evaluated for total cyanide concentration. Measurements were made on leaf tissue of 10-, 14-, and 18-day-old growth chamber-grown seedlings. Nitrate reductase activity ranged f ...
... Selected native heteromyid rodents were placed on diets of jojoba seeds (Simmondsia chinensis), which contain cyanogenic glucosides, to determine their ability to utilize the wild seed crop. Perognathus baileyi ate jojoba seeds and lived on a diet of seeds or meal for several weeks. Perognathus penicillatus, Perognathus intermedius, and Dipodomys merriami refused jojoba seed diets and lost weight ...
... This review concerns the relationship between chemical components found in sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. and M. alba Desr.] tissues and insects feeding on these tissues. Coumarin and its related compounds did not appear to influence the feeding of sweetclover aphids [Therioaphis riehmi (Börner)], pea aphids [Acyrthosiphum pisum (Harris)] or potato leafhoppers [Empoasca fabae (Harri ...
... Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the few human pathogens that grow at refrigeration temperature for foods, 0–5 C. Typical strains of Y. enterocolitica do not ferment rhamnose. These have been recovered from human infections, various animals, and pig's feces, but only rarely from foods. The atypical strains tend to utilize rhamnose, raffinose, esculin, salicin, a-methyl glucoside, or Simmon's citr ...
... Larvae of the mustard beetle Phaedon cochleariae Fab. are attracted to the cruciferous host plant by yellow and green wavelengths of light and the odour of mustard oils. The mustard oils induce biting, and feeding continues in the presence of mustard oil glucosides in the plant. Leaf toughness and texture then affect food intake and larval growth and survival. ...
... Neural responses of the contact receptor neurones in the sensilla styloconica of three lepidopterous species that belong to the genus Yponomeuta have been recorded. A modified tip recording technique permitted recording of responses to substances dissolved in double-distilled water. Stimulants used were selected on the basis of chemical composition of the plants on which various Yponomeutidae feed ...
... Seed populations of white clover polymorphic for the presence/absence of both ovariogenic glucosides and the hydrolysing enzyme linamarase, were introduced into three natural populations. Over the first six months of life a significant increase in the frequency of linamarase containing individuals occurred. Estimated selection coefficients against plants lacking linamarase were in the region of 0. ...
ammonia; cellulose; chemical analysis; chemiluminescence; crosslinking; electric field; electrodes; fabrics; free radicals; glucosides; irradiation; lint cotton; nitrogen; spectroscopy; textile fibers
Abstract:
... Cotton printcloth was treated with low-temperature, low-pressure ammonia plasma created by passing ammonia gas through a radiofrequency (rf) electric field of 13.56 MHz. Fabrics were exposed to the plasma for 3600 s. Pressure was maintained at 150 μm Hg and rf power at 40 W. Samples located between the electrodes lost additional weight over that caused by removal of moisture under reduced pressure ...
... 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically-monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experim ...
... La catéchine ou l'épicatéchine réagissent sur le monoglucoside de malvidine en présence d'acétaldéhyde pour donner dans un premier temps deux composés de condensation fortement colorés. Le rapport des concentrations entre ces deux produits est constant dans le temps, mais variable selon le phénol. Le diglucoside réagit également mais beaucoup moins rapidement. Au bout d'un certain temps, deux nouv ...
spectroscopy; Sorghum bicolor; seedlings; heritability; glucosides; cyanogenesis; hydrogen cyanide; assays; chemical constituents of plants; reciprocal crosses
Abstract:
... Young plants of sorghum and sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] may be toxic to livestock because of the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-Dglucoside], in the forage. In the present study a set of 11 chromosomal reciprocal translocations in ‘Combine 7078’ grain sorghum, involving each of the 10 chromosome pairs of sorghum in at least two of the tran ...
... The chemical constituents and economic plants of the Euphorbiaceae. A chemical review of the different classes of compounds which have been isolated from the Euphorbiaceae (other than the diterpenoids) is given. This includes triterpenoids and related compounds (sterols, alcohols and hydrocarbons), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, tannins, phenanthrenes, quinones, phenolic acids ...
... Quantitative analyses of the total phenols (glucosides and aglycones and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity were determined separately in bud scales and the leaf primordia of dormant buds (apical, subapical and basal) of Fagus sylvatica L, until bud burst. In all the leaf primordia, the phenol and glucoside contents did not change substantially from November to March. From dormancy break t ...
... Commercial citrus juices were found to contain very high concentrations of limonoid glucosides. TLC analyses showed the presence of these compounds averaging 320, 190 and 82 ppm in orange, grapefruit and lemon juices, respectively. The major glucoside in citrus juices was limonin 17-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, which constituted over 50% of the total limonoid glucosides in the juices. ...
Zea mays; flavonols; glucosides; pest resistance; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... A novel flavonol glycoside, identified as 3,7-di-O-methylquercetin 5-O-glucoside, was isolated from aqueous homogenates of corn Zea mays whorl tissue. The related aglycon was also identified but was less abundant. Whorl tissue from insect resistant and susceptible corn hybrids contained similar amounts of the glucoside. ...
... The radioactivity administered as a single oral dose of N-[3-chloro-4-(beta-D-glucosyl[14C]methyl)phenyl]-urea was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated in feces and urine by both the rat and the Japanese quail. Within 6 h after treatment 57% and 74% of the dose was excreted by rat and quail, respectively. Of the 78% of the dose excreted by rat within 12 h, 49% of was the ...
bitterness; juice quality; orange juice; oranges; glucosides; limonin; California
Abstract:
... The amounts of limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL) and limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (LG) in navel oranges were measured during fruit growth and maturation. The LARL content (grams/fruit) increased sharply from June to August, reached a maximal level at the end of August, and then decreased gradually thereafter. LG began to appear in the flesh portion in September and in the peel 1 month later. It ...
... The anthocyanin contents of 48 young red wines with Certified Brands of Origin (CBO) "Ribera de Duero" and "Toro" were studied by using an HPLC method. The anthocyanin profiles were subjected to HJ biplot analysis to determine whether it would be possible to differentiate between the wines of different CBO. Anthocyanins in the form of acetates and the nonacylated anthocyanins/acylated anthocyanins ...
Fusarium; deoxynivalenol; metabolites; fatty acids; esters; synthesis; glucosides; chemical analysis; spectral analysis; high performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... The synthesis of 10 conjugates of the mycotoxin 4-deoxynivalenol (DON) is described. The compounds synthesized include eight fatty acid esters and two glucosides. Fattyacid esters of DON were synthesized at positions 3 and 15 by reaction of DON with the appropriate acid chlorides in the presence of pyridine, while the glucosides were obtained by a Koenigs-Knorr reaction with acetobromoglucose. HPL ...
... Enzymatic oxidation of phloretin glucoside and its effect on chlorogenic acid and catechin in relation to the browning reactions were studied in model systems. Phloretin glucoside alone oxidized slowly and formed the light yellowish reaction products. However, the addition of chlorogenic acid and catechin to phloretin accelerated the reaction of phloretin oxidation by decreasing the lag period of ...
... Cell suspensions of Linum flavum L. contained large amounts (2 g.l-1) of the glucoside coniferin which was accumulated endogenously up to 12.4% on a dry-weight basis. Callus material contained 5.6%, while in leaves of in-vitro-grown plantlets, the origin of the callus and suspension cultures, no coniferin could be detected. Leaf, callus and suspension material were compared for metabolite accumula ...
... Protein preparations from cell-suspension cultures of an Afghan cultivar of Daucus carota (carrot) catalyzed the formation of acylated anthocyanins from a cyanidin triglycoside isolated from the carrot cultures using (1-O-sinapoyl-, 1-O-feruloyl- and 1-O-(p-coumaroyl)-p-glucose as acyl donors. The enzyme activities can be classified as 1-O-hydroxycinnamoyl-beta-glucose: cyanidin 3-O-(2"-O-xylosyl- ...
... Five new diterpenoid glucosides, named mascaroside I (1), mascaroside II (2), paniculoside VI (3), cofaryloside I (4), and villanovane I (5), along with seven known ent-kaurane diterpenoid glucosides (6â12) were isolated from acetone extracts of the roasted coffee beans of Coffea arabica var. yunnanensis. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D N ...
Rhopalosiphum padi; honeydew; chemical composition; hydroxamic acids; glucosides; Triticum aestivum; insect control
Abstract:
... A DIMBOA glucoside (2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxaz in-3-one), the main hydroxamic acid (Hx) in intact wheat plants, was detected in the honeydew of Rhopalosiphum padi feeding on seedlings of six wheat cultivars that differed in their concentration of Hx, suggesting that the chemical circulates in the phloem. Neither the aglucone (DIMBOA) nor its main breakdown product w ...
... A putative receptor protein for a hepta-beta-glucoside phytoalexin elicitor was identified by photoaffinity labeling of detergent-solubilized proteins from soybean root membranes. Incubation of partially purified beta-glucan-binding proteins with a photolabile 125I-labeled 2-(4-azidophenyl)ethylamino conjugate of the heptaglucoside elicitor, followed by irradiation with ultraviolet light (366 nm) ...
weight; food intake; chemical constituents of plants; blood plasma; glucosides; toxicity; oral administration; Simmondsia chinensis
Abstract:
... A 5-day administration of 250 mg of simmondsin/kg of body weight did not have any toxicological influences on liver, pancreas, and kidneys using several biochemical parameters. Anatomopathological investigation of kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, testis, and seminal vesicle also did not demonstrate any pathological change. Since the concentrations of CN- and of SCN- in the blood are no ...
glucose; chemical reactions; pesticide residues; metabolites; glucosides
Abstract:
... N-glucosides are known plant metabolites of chlorinated anilines, which are formed by N-glucosyl-transferases utilizing UDP-glucose. Free D-glucose and free 3,4-dichloroaniline have now been found to also conjugate spontaneously under physiological conditions of pH and temperature. Rate constants for spontaneous formation and cleavage of the N-glucosyl conjugate of 3,4-dichloroaniline were determi ...
... Various aspects of fungus-originated beta-apiosidase were studied. The production of the enzyme on various carbon sources by fungi appeared to be inducible as it was only produced when apiin, an apiosylglucoside, was present in the culture medium. The influence of apiin concentration, nitrogen source, and surfactants on enzyme production was studied. The enzyme was partially purified by filtration ...
... An in-vitro culture system allowing the simultaneous germination of cysts was used to study the early host-independent release of phytoalexin elicitors by Phytophthora megasperma f sp. glycinea, a soybean pathogen. Significant elicitor activity could be detected in the culture medium as early as 2 h after germination of P. m. f. sp. glycinea, race 1, cysts. The phytoalexin elicitor was heat-stable ...
nutrition; Pinus sylvestris; Neodiprion sertifer; Diprion pini; flavonoids; glucosides; larvae; mortality; weight; chemical constituents of plants; plant-insect relations
Abstract:
... Responses of sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) to the flavonoid taxifolin glucoside in their host plant were studied in a laboratory experiment. Larvae of Neodiprion sertifer and Diprion pini were raised from egg hatch to cocoon spinning on two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chemotypes, one without needle taxifolin glucoside (-) and the other containing 2-4% taxifolin glucoside (+). The (+) ...
... Methylation with ethereal diazomethane in THF was applied to detect cochineal color by TLC. A reddish orange spot at Rf 0.75 on a silica gel plate developed with chloroform-methanol-water (65:35:10, lower phase) as a solvent was derived from all of the cochineal color preparations when they were methylated. The chemical structure of the spot component employed as indicator compound of cochineal co ...
... The effect of genetic removal of condensed tannins on the levels of other antinutritional factors in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) has been studied by comparison between partners of six near-isogenic pairs for trypsin inhibitor activities (TIA), concentrations of lectins and pyrimidine glucosides (vicine and convicine), seed weight, and the proportion of testa thereof. Each near-isogenic pair consist ...
Rhodotorula glutinis; active transport; xylose; rhamnose; arabinose; glucosides; glucose; deoxysugars; oxygen consumption; carbohydrate metabolism; protein synthesis; energy requirements; adenosine triphosphate
Abstract:
... Uptake of the nonmetabolizable sugars 6-deoxy-D-glucose, L-rhamnose and L-xylose, which are taken up by a common carrier, stimulated significantly cell respiration in Rhodotorula glutinis. The extra oxygen consumption for uptake (0.5-0.7 equivalents O2/mol transported sugar) was proportional to the uptake rate and was independent of the K(T) value of the transport system. Sugars that become metabo ...
... The flavanone glucosides prunin (naringenin 7-O-glucoside) and hesperetin 7-O-glucoside were isolated and identified in the immature fruits of Citrus aurantium. Only prunin was identified in Citrus paradisi. This is the first study concerned with the isolation of hesperetin 7-O-glucoside from Citrus tissues and with the quantitative distribution of both flavanone glucosides during the development ...
oranges; Citrus; seeds; limonoids; glucosides; maturity stage; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The amounts of major citrus limonoids and their corresponding glucosides in Valencia orange seeds were measured during fruit growth and development. Limonin content, including limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL), increased steadily during the whole sampling period, July-December of the fruit-set year. Other limonoid aglycons also increased but not steadily. Limonoid glucosides began to appear in eithe ...
... The structure of the main anthocyanin from Tradescantia pallida was identified by LSI mass spectrometry and HPLC as cyanidin-3,7,3(1)-triglucoside with three molecules of ferulic acid, one molecule of caffeic acid and one terminal glucose. ...
... We isolated glucosides from the royal fern, Osmunda japanica, which elicit a deterrent response in larvae of Bombyx mori. These compounds were absent in taro (Colocasia antiquorum) and castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaves and did not evoke responses of sensory cells in the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica of Spodoptera litura. This glucoside extract of the royal fern leaves stimulates ...
plant pigments; glucosides; Haemodoraceae; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants; molecular conformation; roots; chemotaxonomy; South Africa
... beta-Glucosidases which hydrolyze isoflavone glucosides, daidzin and genistin, were partially purified from soybean cotyledon. Three isoforms of beta-glucosidases (A,B,C) were separated on a CM-Sephadex C-50 ion exchange column. beta-Glucosidase-B and C brought about nearly all of the hydrolyzing action on daidzin and genistin. beta-Glucosidase-B and C were further purified with gel-filtration chr ...
Cucurbita; tissue culture; chemical composition; triterpenoids; glucosides; biological production; phagostimulants; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... In addition to previously reported cucurbitacins B, 1, and D, 2, cucurbitacin E, 3, and I, 4, aglycones and their glucosides 2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin E, 5, and 2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin I, 6, were isolated and identified as constituents of Cucurbita andreana on the basis of MS, FD-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Also, 2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-cucurbitacin B, 7, cucurbita ...
tobacco; glucosides; chemical composition; molecular conformation; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The free and bound fractions of a sample of Oriental tobacco, Nicotania tabaccum L., were separated by selective retention on Amberlite XAD-2 resin. Free forms of E-3-hydroxymegastigma-5,8-dien-7-one (3-hydroxy-beta-damascone) and E-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one (3-oxo-alpha-ionol) outweighed the bound forms by respective ratios of 40:1 and 138:1. The absolute configuration of free and bound ...
... In a young Portuguese red table wine (Douro Valley) a significant relationship between the colour composition (anthocyanins, polymeric pigment, colour density) and five parameters (pH, SO₂, alcohol, temperature, time of storage) were found. Higher temperature increased the loss of individual and total anthocyanins (as measured fay HPLC) during the ageing, while the wines with higher SO₂ content co ...
... The effects of phenolic glucosides on the oviposition behavior of Euura amerinae L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) were tested in multiple oviposition experiments using different shoot length categories of Salix pentandra L. (with different amounts of phenolic glucosides) and in experiments with pure phenolic glucosides (salidroside, arbutin, salicin, 90% salicortin, 90% 2'-O-acetylsalicortin) or c ...
... Identification and assay of cyanogenic and phenolic compounds in phloem sap of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) and in honeydew of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matt. Ferr. (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) were realised. Cyanogenic glucosides and three flavonoid glycosides (rutin, kaempferol glycoside-1 and kaempferol glycoside-2) were found to be translocated in cassava ph ...
... The enzymatic transformation of apigenin-7-O-beta-glucoside into apigenin is effected using beta-glucosidase from almonds. Kinetic studies gave the following values Km = 7.53 X 10(-4)mol/dm3, vmax = 10.37 micromoles mg-1 min-1 and E1 = 65.21 kJ/mol when the substrate was pure apigenin-7-O-beta-glucoside, while in case of apigenin-7-O-beta-glucoside from dry extract of camomile ligulate flowers E2 ...
chemical composition; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; jojoba; glucosides; spectral analysis; mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography; stereochemistry
Abstract:
... The major simmondsin analogues have been isolated from jojoba meal; the structures of the compounds could be unambiguously proven by means of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as 2-(cyanomethylene)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxycyclohexyl beta-glucoside and 2-(cyanomethylene)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl beta-glucoside. ...
... The quantity of blocked lysine in spray-dried infant formulas in Italy was calculated by the furosine method. This quantity was then correlated with the composition of the carbohydrate fraction. In formulas containing only lactose as carbohydrate its presence in large quantities (6.7-7.5 g/100 mL of formula as fed), with a lysine-rich protein fraction, may lead to amino acid blocking of > 20%. In ...
... High-performance size exclusion chromatography was used to separate soybean extracts. The separation of the major storage proteins, including glycinin and beta-conglycinin, was determined by analysis of the subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The extracts of defatted flour and whole beans showed a high degree of polymerization of the storage proteins. Addition of a disulfide re ...
Vitis vinifera; wines; grapes; flavor compounds; glucosides; volatile compounds; food composition; chemical composition; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The beta-D-glucopyranosides of (3R,8E)-3-hydroxy-beta-damascone and (6R,7E,9R)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol have been characterized in a Riesling wine glycosidic extract by means of GC/M S analysis of their trifluoroacetylated derivatives and synthesis of authentic racemic compounds. The absolute configurations were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the diastereomeric esters prepared from (R)-2-phenyl pro ...
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; gas chromatography; glucose; glucosides; flavor compounds; spectral analysis; mass spectrometry; odors; synthesis; alcohols
Abstract:
... 2-Phenylethyl alpha-glucoside was synthesized from 2-phenylethanol and alpha-D-glucose in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate at 75 degrees C and was isolated by continuous extraction, during which hexane was used to remove the excess 2-phenylethanol and then ethyl acetate was used to isolate the product. The spectral data including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS of this compound are p ...
Vitis vinifera; cultivars; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; glucosides; grapes; hydrolysis; odors
Abstract:
... About 60 components of the free and bound fractions of the aroma of three Vitis vinifera grape cultivars (i.e., Muscat d'Alexandrie, Muscat d'Hambourg, and Muscat de Frontignan) were determined. Free and bound fractions were isolated by selective retention on a nonionic resin (Amberlite XAD-2). The free fraction was directly analyzed by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spect ...