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... The exclusion of botanical species from the food plant range of the diamond-back moth larva is determined not only by the infrequency of adequate stimulants for feeding but also by a high frequency of occurrence of feeding inhibitors. A few plant species lack feeding inhibitors but are excluded by a deficiency of feeding stimulants. Some plants are devoid of decisive feeding inhibitors and contain ...
... Mustard oil glucosides are necessary to maintain feeding on synthetic media by larvae of the mustard beetle, Phaedon cochleariae Fab. Suitable physical texture of the medium increases intake. Attention should be paid to these factors before developing and modifying the nutrient content of synthetic media. ...
... In an attempt to establish unambiguously the presence of the nonreducing end group in cellulose when treated under nondegrading conditions, different celluloses were sub jected to exhaustive methylation, using sodium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfate in toluene. Other methods of methylation were also investigated. Samples with 43.8% methoxyl content were obtained which were found suitable for this in ...
... The e.s.r. spectra generated in methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1) and some selected derivatives thereof by high-energy radiation have been examined to determine the nature of the radiation damage. Evaluations of the e.s.r. spectra of irradiated methyl tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (2), methyl tetra-O-[(p-ethoxycarbonyl)benzoyl]-α-D-glucopyranoside (3), methyl tetra-O-(p-methoxybenzoyl)-α-D-gluco ...
... The esters obtained by complete esterification of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside with each of eight differently substituted aromatic acids were subjected to irradiation (7.3 x 10¹⁹ ev/g/h) in the solid state. Only the p-toluenesulfonic esters were altered; the substituted benzoic esters, regardless of the substitution on the benzene ring, were stable. Radiation change in the two p-toluenesulfonic este ...
glucosides; chemical reactions; sodium hydroxide; ionic strength; cotton; cellulose
Abstract:
... The anomeric methyl D-glucopyranosides were treated with N,N-diethylaziridinium chloride in various molarities of aqueous sodium hydroxide at variable ionic strength and constant ionic strength. It was found that the extent of reaction of the hydroxyl groups at C-2, C-3, and C-4 decreased with increasing concentration of base. Reaction at the C-6 hydroxyl group remained essentially constant with i ...
... Trifolium repens L. and 16 species closely related to T. repens were tested qualitatively for the presence of cyanoglucoside and the enzyme that releases HCN by hydrolysis of glucoside in damaged leaves. In contrast to T. repens, none of these species contained enzyme in the absence of glucoside. Four species were comprised entirely of plants showing both constituents, one of plants showing glucos ...
... Glucosides having the hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 individually substituted were treated with N,N-diethylaziridinium chloride in the presence of concentrations of sodium hydroxide ranging from 0.1m to 6.0m. Substitution of the hydroxyl group at C-2 greatly enhances the reactivities of the hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-4 in dilute base but has less effect in more-concentrated base. Substitution of ...
... Previous studies showed that isolated soybean proteins contain materials extractable with aqueous alcohols consisting of phosphatides, saponins, β-sitosteryl glucoside, genistein, triglycerides, and unidentified compounds. Acylated steryl glucosides have now been identified as an additional fraction of the materials extractable with 86% (v/v) ethanol from freeze-dried acid-precipitated soybean glo ...
... Seventeen sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf] varieties and sudangrass-sorghum (Sorghum color L. Moench) crosses were evaluated for nitrate reductase activity by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. They were also evaluated for total cyanide concentration. Measurements were made on leaf tissue of 10-, 14-, and 18-day-old growth chamber-grown seedlings. Nitrate reductase activity ranged f ...
... Selected native heteromyid rodents were placed on diets of jojoba seeds (Simmondsia chinensis), which contain cyanogenic glucosides, to determine their ability to utilize the wild seed crop. Perognathus baileyi ate jojoba seeds and lived on a diet of seeds or meal for several weeks. Perognathus penicillatus, Perognathus intermedius, and Dipodomys merriami refused jojoba seed diets and lost weight ...
... This review concerns the relationship between chemical components found in sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. and M. alba Desr.] tissues and insects feeding on these tissues. Coumarin and its related compounds did not appear to influence the feeding of sweetclover aphids [Therioaphis riehmi (Börner)], pea aphids [Acyrthosiphum pisum (Harris)] or potato leafhoppers [Empoasca fabae (Harri ...
... Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the few human pathogens that grow at refrigeration temperature for foods, 0–5 C. Typical strains of Y. enterocolitica do not ferment rhamnose. These have been recovered from human infections, various animals, and pig's feces, but only rarely from foods. The atypical strains tend to utilize rhamnose, raffinose, esculin, salicin, a-methyl glucoside, or Simmon's citr ...
... D-Aldohexopyranoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (ACO) was strongly induced by cellobiose, alpha-methylglucoside, beta-methylglucoside, kojibiose, and sophorose. Induction was rapid, and ACO was readily detectable within 10 min after addition of cellobiose as inducer. Although not measurable for 30 to 40 min after addition of inducer, once started, the rate of induction with alpha-methylglucoside ...
... Larvae of the mustard beetle Phaedon cochleariae Fab. are attracted to the cruciferous host plant by yellow and green wavelengths of light and the odour of mustard oils. The mustard oils induce biting, and feeding continues in the presence of mustard oil glucosides in the plant. Leaf toughness and texture then affect food intake and larval growth and survival. ...
... Neural responses of the contact receptor neurones in the sensilla styloconica of three lepidopterous species that belong to the genus Yponomeuta have been recorded. A modified tip recording technique permitted recording of responses to substances dissolved in double-distilled water. Stimulants used were selected on the basis of chemical composition of the plants on which various Yponomeutidae feed ...
... Seed populations of white clover polymorphic for the presence/absence of both ovariogenic glucosides and the hydrolysing enzyme linamarase, were introduced into three natural populations. Over the first six months of life a significant increase in the frequency of linamarase containing individuals occurred. Estimated selection coefficients against plants lacking linamarase were in the region of 0. ...
... A procedure for separation of naturally occurring isoflavone glucosides and isoflavone aglycones from soybean with reduced risk of catalytic decomposition is described using HPLC with mild solvents and reversed phase packing. The HPLC system and the solvents used are described and elution diagrams are presented, which show peaks at 258-262 nm. Soybean meal contains at least 3 isoflavone glucosides ...
ammonia; cellulose; chemical analysis; chemiluminescence; crosslinking; electric field; electrodes; fabrics; free radicals; glucosides; irradiation; lint cotton; nitrogen; spectroscopy; textile fibers
Abstract:
... Cotton printcloth was treated with low-temperature, low-pressure ammonia plasma created by passing ammonia gas through a radiofrequency (rf) electric field of 13.56 MHz. Fabrics were exposed to the plasma for 3600 s. Pressure was maintained at 150 μm Hg and rf power at 40 W. Samples located between the electrodes lost additional weight over that caused by removal of moisture under reduced pressure ...
... 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically-monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experim ...
... 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically-monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experim ...
... Seedlings of both KS8 and N32 sorghum[Sorghumb bicolor (L.) Moench] were high in dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β- D-glucoside] and thus in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p), but the HCN-p of mature leaves from field-grown plants of KS8 was only about one-tenth as high as that of N32. A study of the inheritance of this large difference between KS8 and N32 revealed that a single major gene ...
... La catéchine ou l'épicatéchine réagissent sur le monoglucoside de malvidine en présence d'acétaldéhyde pour donner dans un premier temps deux composés de condensation fortement colorés. Le rapport des concentrations entre ces deux produits est constant dans le temps, mais variable selon le phénol. Le diglucoside réagit également mais beaucoup moins rapidement. Au bout d'un certain temps, deux nouv ...
spectroscopy; Sorghum bicolor; seedlings; heritability; glucosides; cyanogenesis; hydrogen cyanide; assays; chemical constituents of plants; reciprocal crosses
Abstract:
... Young plants of sorghum and sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] may be toxic to livestock because of the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-Dglucoside], in the forage. In the present study a set of 11 chromosomal reciprocal translocations in ‘Combine 7078’ grain sorghum, involving each of the 10 chromosome pairs of sorghum in at least two of the tran ...
... The chemical constituents and economic plants of the Euphorbiaceae. A chemical review of the different classes of compounds which have been isolated from the Euphorbiaceae (other than the diterpenoids) is given. This includes triterpenoids and related compounds (sterols, alcohols and hydrocarbons), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, tannins, phenanthrenes, quinones, phenolic acids ...