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You searched for: Subject hydroxylation Remove constraint Subject: hydroxylation Subject Danio rerio Remove constraint Subject: Danio rerio
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1. Effects of temperature on muscle growth and collagen deposition in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author:
Fan Lin; Jiali Lin; Xin Liu; Yuying Yuan; Guoquan Liu; Xiaokang Ye
Source:
Aquaculture reports 2022 v.22 pp. 100952
ISSN:
2352-5134
Subject:
Danio rerio; aquaculture; collagen; endoplasmic reticulum; environmental factors; extracellular matrix; fish; growth performance; hydroxylation; hydroxyproline; muscle fibers; muscles; post-translational modification; sequence analysis; texture; water temperature
Abstract:
... Collagen is a major extracellular matrix component playing pivotal roles in maintaining the muscle growth and flesh texture of fish. Enhancement of collagen deposition in muscle by environmental factors serves as an effective way to improve quality of fish products. However, as a critical environmental factor in aquaculture, the effects of temperature on muscle growth and collagen metabolism in fi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100952

2. Hydroxyl radicals can significantly influence the toxicity of ofloxacin transformation products during ozonation

Author:
Yide He; Yujie Cai; Siyan Fan; Tong Meng; Yunhai Zhang; Xiuwen Li; Yongjun Zhang
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2022 v.438 pp. 129503
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
Danio rerio; antibiotics; catalysts; computer software; demethylation; hydroxylation; ofloxacin; oxygen; ozonation; ozone; pH; piperazine; toxicity
Abstract:
... Ozonation is often applied to eliminate the recalcitrant contaminants in water. During the process, toxic transformation products (TPs) can be generated mainly via the reactions with ozone and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, the toxicity difference between the TPs generated from O₃ and •OH has not been well elucidated. In this study, we designed ozonation scenarios with different Rct values (the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129503

3. Kinetics and toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of halogenated organic compounds in zebrafish embryo>

Author:
Dennis Lindqvist; Emma Wincent
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2022 v.252 pp. 106311
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Danio rerio; Salmo salar; absorbed dose; blood serum; death; food webs; hydroxylation; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; piscivores; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; salmon; swim bladder; toxicity; toxicology; Baltic Sea
Abstract:
... Persistent and semi-persistent halogenated compounds cause health problems for the animals occupying the upper level of the food web in the Baltic Sea. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), being a top piscivore in the Baltic Sea, has been observed to carry a large body burden of halogenated toxins. Here, a mixture of nine halogenated compounds belonging to different groups was created, based on the obse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106311

4. Thyroid Dysfunction of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) after Early-Life Exposure and Discontinued Exposure to Tetrabromobiphenyl (BB-80) and OH-BB-80

Author:
Xiaofang Zhang; Yumiao Sun; Yuchen Gao; Zhiquan Liu; Jiafeng Ding; Chunlong Zhang; Weiping Liu; Hangjun Zhang; Shulin Zhuang
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2022 v.56 no.4 pp. 2519-2528
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Danio rerio; environmental science; gene expression regulation; homeostasis; hydroxylation; iodide peroxidase; locomotion; signal transduction; technology; thyroglobulin; thyroid function; thyroid hormones; transcriptome
Abstract:
... 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrabromobiphenyl (BB-80) was once used as additive flame retardants. Whether its early exposure and discontinued exposure alter thyroid function remains unknown. We investigate adverse effects after early-life exposure and discontinued exposure to BB-80 and hydroxylated BB-80 (OH-BB-80) on thyroid hormone (TH) levels, thyroid tissue, and transcriptome profiles in zebrafish larvae. BB-8 ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.1c07767

5. Comprehensive study of pydiflumetofen in Danio rerio: Enantioselective insight into the toxic mechanism and fate

Author:
Zhen Wang; Yuting Tan; Yanhong Li; Jinsheng Duan; Qiqi Wu; Rui Li; Haiyan Shi; Minghua Wang
Source:
Environment international 2022 v.167 pp. 107406
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
Danio rerio; Gibbs free energy; acetylation; acute toxicity; adults; aquatic ecosystems; bioaccumulation; biochemical pathways; enantiomers; enantioselectivity; environment; fungi; half life; human health; hydroxylation; metabolism; metabolites; muscles; oxidative stress; risk; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)
Abstract:
... Pydiflumetofen (PYD) is primarily used to control fungal disease. The potential risks posed by PYD enantiomers to the aquatic ecosystem are currently unclear. In this study, the enantioselective toxicity and fate of PYD in Danio rerio were investigated, and the enantioselective toxic mechanism and metabolic pathway were explored. The acute toxicity of R-PYD was 10.7–14.7-fold than that of S-PYD ag ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107406

6. Estrogenic and growth inhibitory responses to organophosphorus flame retardant metabolites in zebrafish embryos

Author:
Jae Seung Lee; Yusuke K. Kawai; Yuri Morita; Adrian Covaci; Akira Kubota
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2022 v.256 pp. 109321
ISSN:
1532-0456
Subject:
Danio rerio; antagonists; biphenyl; body length; cytochrome P-450; estrogen receptors; flame retardants; gene expression; genetic markers; growth retardation; hydroxylation; iodide peroxidase; metabolites; nutrition; phosphates; prealbumin; prolactin; somatotropin; thyroid hormone receptors; toxicity; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Recent evidence has revealed that organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) elicit a variety of toxic effects, including endocrine disruption. The present study examined estrogenic and growth inhibitory responses to OPFR metabolites in comparison to their parent compounds using zebrafish eleutheroembryos.¹1Eleutheroembryos are hatched embryos that still rely on their yolk for nutrition. For simpli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109321

7. Integrated approach toward absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Xiaoke pills in zebrafish based on UPLC-HRMS and DESI-MS techniques

Author:
Chunyan Zhu; Xiaojuan Jiang; Juanjuan Tian; Jiayun Chen; Chunyu Lin; Chong Wang; Cai Tie; Mingyu Li; Caisheng Wu
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2022 v.1200 pp. 123276
ISSN:
1570-0232
Subject:
Danio rerio; Oriental traditional medicine; absorption; daidzein; demethylation; desorption; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; excretion; formononetin; glibenclamide; glycemic effect; glycosylation; hydroxylation; metabolites; research planning
Abstract:
... Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical settings for over 2000 years in China. The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of TCM in vivo could be beneficial for the discovery of the active components in TCM. However, the conventional strategies used for ADME research are based on rodent models and have the characteristics of lengthy experimenta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123276

8. Metabolism of ADB-4en-PINACA in Zebrafish and Rat Liver Microsomes Determined by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Author:
Xinze Liu; Wei Liu; Ping Xiang; Taijun Hang; Yan Shi; Linna Yue; Hui Yan
Source:
Journal of analytical chemistry 2022 v.77 no.8 pp. 1036-1046
ISSN:
1061-9348
Subject:
Danio rerio; analytical chemistry; cannabinoids; dehydrogenation; humans; hydrolysis; hydroxylation; liquid chromatography; liver; liver microsomes; mass spectrometry; metabolism; metabolites; models; oxidation; rats
Abstract:
... Metabolic models can be useful for rapid identification of suitable analytical targets to aid in the detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in human biological samples. In vitro and in vivo metabolic studies of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-4en-PINACA were carried out using zebrafish and rat liver microsome models. Seventeen phase-I metabolites, including seventeen metabolites generated fr ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1061934822080184

9. Contamination profiles and health impact of benzothiazole and its derivatives in PM2.5 in typical Chinese cities

Author:
Xiaoliang Liao; Ting Zou; Min Chen; Yuanyuan Song; Chun Yang; Bojun Qiu; Zhi-Feng Chen; Suk Ying Tsang; Zenghua Qi; Zongwei Cai
Source:
Science of the total environment 2021 v.755 pp. 142617
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
DNA damage; Danio rerio; apoptosis; environment; exposure assessment; humans; hydroxylation; metabolomics; mice; phenylalanine; reactive oxygen species; reproduction; risk; toxicity; ultrasonic treatment; winter; China
Abstract:
... Although benzothiazole and its derivatives (BTHs) are considered emerging contaminants in diverse environments and organisms, little information is available about their contamination profiles and health impact in ambient particles. In this study, an optimized method of ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode of GC-EI-MS/MS was applied to characteriz ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142617

10. Degradation of difenoconazole in water and soil: Kinetics, degradation pathways, transformation products identification and ecotoxicity assessment

Author:
Yanli Man; Marianne Stenrød; Chi Wu; Marit Almvik; Roger Holten; Jihong Liu Clarke; Shankui Yuan; Xiaohu Wu; Jun Xu; Fengshou Dong; Yongquan Zheng; Xingang Liu
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.418 pp. 126303
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
Danio rerio; Daphnia magna; Selenastrum capricornutum; computer software; dechlorination; difenoconazole; ecotoxicology; environmental fate; hydrolysis; hydroxylation; oxidation; photolysis; prediction; soil; soil degradation; toxicity; triazoles
Abstract:
... Difenoconazole is a widely used triazole fungicide that has been frequently detected in the environment, but comprehensive study about its environmental fate and toxicity of potential transformation products (TPs) is still lacking. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics, pathways, and toxicity of transformation products of difenoconazole. 12, 4 and 4 TP ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126303

11. Time-Related Alteration of Aqueous-Phase Anthracene and Phenanthrene Photoproducts in the Presence of TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Author:
Lindsey St. Mary; Lisandra S.D. Trine; Courtney Roper; Jackson Wiley; Staci L. Massey Simonich; Martin McCoustra; Theodore B. Henry
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2021 v.55 no.6 pp. 3727-3735
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Danio rerio; anthracenes; bioavailability; hydroxylation; irradiation; metabolism; oils; phenanthrenes; photolysis; pollution; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) are photoactive environmental pollutants that can contaminate aquatic environments. Aqueous-phase interactions between PAHs and TiO₂–NPs are of interest due to their emerging environmental relevance, particularly with the deliberate application of TiO₂–NPs to remediate pollution events (e.g., oil spills). Our o ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.0c07488

12. Toxicity and fate of chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen and its metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author:
Yimu Wei; Jingna Cui; Wangjing Zhai; Xueke Liu; Zhiqiang Zhou; Peng Wang; Donghui Liu
Source:
Environmental pollution 2021 v.280 pp. 116894
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
Danio rerio; acute toxicity; aquatic organisms; enantiomers; enantioselectivity; glucuronic acid; hydroxylation; juvenile hormone analogs; metabolism; metabolites; oxidation; oxidative stress; pollution; pyriproxyfen; sulfates; toxicology
Abstract:
... Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analogue insecticide used worldwide. At present, the potential threat of pyriproxyfen to aquatic organism has not been well explored. In this work, the bioaccumulation, metabolic profile and toxicity of pyriproxyfen and its metabolites to zebrafish were studied, and the enantioselectivity of pyriproxyfen and the major chiral metabolites were also determined. Sixt ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116894

13. A sustainable approach for degradation and detoxification of malachite green by an engineered polyphenol oxidase at high temperature

Author:
Guotao Mao; Fangyuan Wang; Jie Wang; Pengyu Chen; Xiaodong Zhang; Hongsen Zhang; Zhimin Wang; Andong Song
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.328 pp. 129437
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii; Danio rerio; Zea mays; bioremediation; catechol oxidase; circular dichroism spectroscopy; hydroxylation; laccase; malachite green; mutants; temperature; thermal stability; toxicity
Abstract:
... Laccases are green biocatalysts that are advantageous in the bioremediation of the triphenylmethane dye malachite green (MG). Here, Cblac from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was characterized to be a novel DUF152 laccase. Cblac mutant Mut8 was designed with enhanced thermostability, which was demonstrated by the Thermofluor assay, circular dichroism spectrum, and structural analyses. MG bioremediatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129437

14. Developmental circulatory failure caused by metabolites of organophosphorus flame retardants in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Author:
Jae Seung Lee; Yuri Morita; Yusuke K. Kawai; Adrian Covaci; Akira Kubota
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.246 pp. 125738
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Danio rerio; additives; blood flow; developmental toxicity; edema; esters; flame retardants; humans; hydroxylation; metabolites; octanol-water partition coefficients; organophosphorus compounds; pericardium; phosphates; plasticizers; pollution; polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Abstract:
... Organophosphate triesters are used worldwide as additives in flame retardants and plasticizer as a replacement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Increasing evidence on human exposure to and environmental contamination with organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) requires an adequate toxicity assessment for this class of chemicals. While developmental toxicity of several OPFRs has been reported, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125738

15. Transformation Products of Fluoxetine Formed by Photodegradation in Water and Biodegradation in Zebrafish Embryos (Danio rerio)

Author:
Selina Tisler; Florian Zindler; Finnian Freeling; Karsten Nödler; László Toelgyesi; Thomas Braunbeck; Christian Zwiener
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2019 v.53 no.13 pp. 7400-7409
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Danio rerio; aldehydes; antidepressants; bioaccumulation factor; biodegradation; ecotoxicology; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; environmental science; fluoxetine; freshwater; hydrolysis; hydroxylation; metabolism; metabolites; moieties; pH; photolysis; solar radiation; surface water; technology
Abstract:
... The present study investigates the transformation of the antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) by photo- and biodegradation and shows similarities and differences in transformation products (TPs). TPs were identified using LC–high-resolution mass spectrometry with positive and negative electrospray ionization. In a sunlight simulator, photodegradation was carried out using ultrapure water (pH 6, 8, and ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.9b00789

16. Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Uptake and Biotransformation Potential of Benzotriazoles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae Combining HILIC- with RPLC-HRMS for High-Throughput Identification

Author:
Dimitrios E. Damalas; Anna A. Bletsou; Adamantia Agalou; Dimitris Beis; Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.10 pp. 6023-6031
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Danio rerio; acute toxicity; biotransformation; cardiac output; edema; embryo (animal); environmental science; false negative results; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; hydroxylation; isomers; larvae; liquids; pericardium; phenotype; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; screening; tandem mass spectrometry; triazoles
Abstract:
... The current study reports on the toxicity, uptake, and biotransformation potential of zebrafish (embryos and larvae) exposed to benzotriazoles (BTs). Acute toxicity assays were conducted. Cardiac function abnormalities (pericardial edema and poor blood circulation) were observed from the phenotypic analysis of early life zebrafish embryos after BTs exposure. For the uptake and biotransformation ex ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01327

17. Electrochemical simulation of triclosan metabolism and toxicological evaluation

Author:
Linyan Zhu; Ying Shao; Hongxia Xiao; Beatrix Santiago-Schübel; Henriette Meyer-Alert; Sabrina Schiwy; Daqiang Yin; Henner Hollert; Stephan Küppers
Source:
Science of the total environment 2018 v.622-623 pp. 1193-1201
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
quantitative structure-activity relationships; triclosan; embryo (animal); personal care products; abnormal development; fish; Danio rerio; lethal concentration 50; metabolites; electrochemistry; gene expression; metabolism; acute toxicity; embryotoxicity; models; pollutants; hydroxylation; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; proteins; spectrometers; cardiovascular system; anti-infective agents
Abstract:
... Tricolsan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent, is considered as emerging pollutant due to its wide dispersive use in personal care products and high aquatic toxicity. In the present study, phase I metabolism of triclosan was investigated through laboratory electrochemical simulation studies. The products formed in the electrochemical (EC) cell were identified by online and offline coupling with QTRAP an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.317

18. Structure Elucidation and Relative Toxicity of (24R)-24-Hydroxyyessotoxin from a Namibian Isolate of Gonyaulax spinifera

Author:
Isabelle Rajotte; Cheryl Rafuse; Elliott J. Wright; John C. Achenbach; Lee D. Ellis; Pearse McCarron
Source:
Journal of natural products 2019 v.82 no.7 pp. 1945-1952
ISSN:
1520-6025
Subject:
Danio rerio; Gonyaulax; biomass; hydroxylation; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; solvents; toxicity; yessotoxin
Abstract:
... Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis of a Namibian strain of Gonyaulax spinifera showed the presence of a number of yessotoxins (YTXs). Principal among these were YTX (1), homoYTX (2), and a tentative hydroxylated analogue that did not correspond to any previously confirmed YTX structures. Culturing the G. spinifera strain afforded sufficient biomass for purif ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00318

19. High dietary arachidonic acid levels induce changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increase levels of oxidised metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author:
Anne-Catrin Adam; Kai K. Lie; Mari Moren; Kaja H. Skjærven
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2017 v.117 no.8 pp. 1075-1085
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
Danio rerio; amino acids; arachidonic acid; dicarboxylic acids; diet; eicosanoids; fatty acid composition; fish; hydroxylation; juveniles; lipid peroxidation; metabolism; metabolites; metabolomics; models; omega-3 fatty acids; omega-6 fatty acids; oxidative stress
Abstract:
... This study explores the effect of high dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (high ARA) compared with low dietary ARA levels (control) on the general metabolism using zebrafish as the model organism. The fatty acid composition of today’s ‘modern diet’ tends towards higher n-6 PUFA levels in relation to n-3 PUFA. Low dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio is a health concern, as n-6 PUFA give rise to eicosanoi ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114517000903
PubMed:
28485254

20. In vivo metabolism of organophosphate flame retardants and distribution of their main metabolites in adult zebrafish

Author:
Guowei Wang; Hanyan Chen; Zhongkun Du; Jianhua Li; Zunyao Wang; Shixiang Gao
Source:
Science of the total environment 2016 pp. -
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Danio rerio; adults; biotransformation; brain; dechlorination; excretion; fish; flame retardants; glucuronic acid; hydrolysis; hydroxylation; intestines; lethal concentration 50; liver; mass spectrometry; metabolism; metabolites; muscles; phosphates; tissue distribution; tissues; toxicity
Abstract:
... Understanding the metabolism of chemicals as well as the distribution and depuration of their main metabolites in tissues are essential for evaluating their fate and potential toxicity in vivo. Herein, we investigated the metabolism of six typical organophosphate (OP) flame retardants (tripropyl phosphate (TPRP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroeth ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.038

21. Microbial transformation of methyl cyperenoate by Cunninghamella elegans AS 3.2028 and the antithrombotic activities of its metabolites

Author:
Jin-Long Tian; Yu Chen; Yu-Xi Wang; Xiao-Xiao Huang; Xue Sun; Ke-Chun Liu; Shao-Jiang Song
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.113 pp. 112712-112720
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Cunninghamella elegans; Danio rerio; active ingredients; biotransformation; blood coagulation; blood platelet count; hydroxylation; metabolites; models; oxidation; prothrombin; sesquiterpenoids; thrombin; thromboplastin; transgenic animals
Abstract:
... Microbial transformation is a remarkable tool for the structural modification of bioactive natural compounds converting them into more valuable biologically active derivatives. In order to obtain the bioactive metabolites of methyl cyperenoate, it was biotransformed using Cunninghamella elegans AS 3.2028 to afford eight new derivatives (1–8) including six new hydroxylated metabolites (2–6, 8), one ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra24332k

22. Tissue-Specific Accumulation, Depuration, and Transformation of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP) in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author:
Wang Guowei; Du Zhongkun; Chen Hanyan; Su Yu; Gao Shixiang; Mao Liang
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.24 pp. 13555-13564
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Danio rerio; adults; aquatic organisms; bioaccumulation; biochemical pathways; brain; excretion; gills; glucuronic acid; hydrolysis; hydroxylation; intestines; lethal concentration 50; liver; metabolism; metabolites; models; muscles; phosphates; tissue distribution; tissues; toxicity
Abstract:
... Understanding bioaccumulation and metabolism is critical for evaluating the fate and potential toxicity of compounds in vivo. We recently investigated, for the first time, the bioconcentration and tissue distribution of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and its main metabolites in selected tissues of adult zebrafish. To further confirm the metabolites, deuterated TPHP (d₁₅-TPHP) was used in the exposure ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.6b04697

23. Structure-dependent activities of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hydroxylated metabolites on zebrafish retinoic acid receptor

Author:
Jing Zhao; Xiangwei Zhu; Ting Xu; Daqiang Yin
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2015 v.22 no.3 pp. 1723-1730
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
Danio rerio; binding capacity; bromination; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; homeostasis; hydroxylation; metabolites; models; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; reporter genes; toxicity; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been shown to disrupt retinoid homeostasis in different species in both laboratory and field studies. However, the molecular mechanisms of interactions with the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are not fully understood. Zebrafish have proven useful for investigating mechanisms of chemical toxicity. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-014-3364-z