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acetic acid; butanol; catalysts; catalytic activity; esterification; ethanol; ethyl acetate; ionic liquids; methanol; process design; sulfates; temperature
Abstract:
... Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) with great variety as effective catalysts for the synthesis of valuable chemicals such as esters have attracted particular attention. In this work, an ionic acid 2-hydroxyethylammonium bisulfate (2-HEAS) was successfully synthesized and used to catalyze esterification reactions. The powerful FTIR and NMR techniques were used to determine the ionic liquid prope ...
carbon; catalysts; combustion; foams; fuel cells; hydrogen; hydrogen production; mathematical models; methanol; nickel; process design; reaction mechanisms; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... To decrease the temperature difference per unit temperature (ΔTA) of an autothermal methanol steam reforming (ATMSR) microreactor for hydrogen production (HP) and enhance its long-term HP performance for supplying long-term stable hydrogen source for fuel cell vehicles, a three-dimensional (3D)-printed regular-porous structure with multiple microchannels is developed as combustion reaction support ...
... A new type of medium-chain-length-co-long-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-co-lcl PHA) containing 39.25 mol% 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic (3HHD) was isolated from Bacillus thermoamylovorans strain PHA005 and utilized as biofuel substrate. A novel process to produce 3-hydroxyalkanoate methyl ester (3HAME) using mcl-co-lcl PHA was transesterification via an enzyme-catalysis was used. The optimal cond ...
... Silicoaluminophosphate-34 (SAPO-34) is a molecular sieve with a unique shape structure and pore framework, favorable acidic properties, and excellent stability under different operating conditions. These unique properties have made SAPO-34 an important material with widespread applications as a catalyst, membrane, and adsorbent in different processes. As a catalyst, SAPO-34 is utilized in converti ...
... Doping FeNC catalysts with heteroatoms has been widely recognized as a most promising way to improve the electrocatalytic activity to achieve the replacement of Pt-based electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it is still a challenge to combine delicate control of the catalyst structure with heteroatom-doping to achieve optimal electrocatalytic efficiency. Herein, ...
... In the present work, first time, the process optimization of in-situ biodiesel production from gamma-irradiated castor seeds using the synergistic application of ultrasound and microwave irradiation has been studied and compared with the performance of normal castor seeds reported earlier. The optimum reaction conditions determined for gamma-irradiated in-situ biodiesel production process employin ...
... The direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) on bifunctional catalysts is highly attractive for valorizing CO₂ and syngas derived from biomass gasification and is a key process to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. DME economy (conventionally based on its use as fuel) arouses growing interest, in parallel with the development of different routes for its conversion into hydrocarbons (fuels and chemic ...
... The Albizzia julibrissin seed oil was studied for the first time as a promising unconventional raw material for the preparation of biodiesel fuel. We aim to optimize different oil extraction reaction parameters, alkali-catalyzed transesterification process for maximal biodiesel production and finally evaluated its compatibility with mineral diesel. In the present work, various solvents, as well as ...
... Single-atom catalysts, featuring 100% metal atom utilization, strong metal–support interaction, low coordination environment, and high selectivity, have attracted great attention towards the enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In the current work, we propose an atomic interface strategy for the construction of Cu single-atom catalysts dispersed on N, F co-doped graphene (Cu SA-NFG) ...
... Fast photogenerated charge recombination and inappropriate bandgap for visible light driven charge generation hinders the performance of TiO₂. In this study, TiO₂ was activated for visible light driven CO₂ reduction in the presence of Bi₂MoO₆ as an electron donor. Furthermore, the introduction of oxygen vacancies resulted in enhanced CO₂ adsorption and conversion. The best catalyst gives 27.1 μmol ...
carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; hydrogenation; methanol; synthesis gas
Abstract:
... Cu-based catalyst is widely employed for methanol synthesis from syngas or CO₂ hydrogenation. Catalyst activation is usually considered as a preliminary step for subsequent reaction. The influence of the activation process on the catalytic performance and how the physic-chemical properties of the catalyst are modulated are still not clear. Herein, the activation of the CuZnO/SiO₂ (CZS) catalyst is ...
... Supported Ni catalysts are promising for CO₂ hydrogenation because of their relatively cheap price with comparable activity to noble metal catalysts. The product of CO₂ hydrogenation over a supported Ni catalyst can theoretically be methane, CO, methanol and formic acid. The electronic and geometric structures of a supported Ni catalyst have a significant effect on the activity and selectivity of ...
Raman spectroscopy; adsorption; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; catalysts; catalytic activity; electrochemistry; electrodes; energy efficiency; formates; hydrogen; methanol; nanorods; oxidation; phase transition; polymerization; renewable energy sources; sulfur; value added
Abstract:
... Electrochemical CO₂ reduction technology can combine renewable energy sources with carbon capture and storage to convert CO₂ into industrial chemicals. However, the catalytic activity under high current density and long-term electrocatalysis process may deteriorate due to agglomeration, catalytic polymerization, element dissolution, and phase change of active substances. Here, we report a scalable ...
... Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) generated in the commercial sector would need to have means to convert the low-cost material into a high-value product(s). One possible high-value product is a solid acid catalyst (SAC) derived from SCB for possible applications in biodiesel production. In this study, a new approach and concept to simultaneously carbonize and sulfonate SCB under less severe conditions, whil ...
... This investigation aimed to produce a new composited catalyst from a waste chalk powder, a waste generated by the construction industry, to produce biodiesel from sunflower oil. The waste chalk was modified by CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles and K₂CO₃. The surface tests showed that the obtained catalyst has been successfully synthesized with desired surface properties. The surface areas of waste chalk, wast ...
... This study assessed performance of a steam methane reforming (SMR) catalyst for reforming tar produced during biomass gasification. Bench–scale reforming tests are presented using methanol/water mixtures with guaiacol or toluene in the range of 0–4 wt%. Long-duration tests indicate that the SMR catalyst could operate for thousands of hours at 0.5 wt% tar loading. Tests at tar loadings up to 4 wt% ...
... A convenient asymmetric reductive amination of benzylic ketones (α-arylated ketones) catalyzed by newly designed Cp*Ir complexes bearing a chiral N-(2-picolyl)sulfonamidato ligand was developed. Using readily available β-amino alcohols as chiral aminating agents, a range of benzo-fused and acyclic ketones were successfully reduced with formic acid in methanol at 40 °C to afford amines with favorab ...
... Piezoelectric catalysis based on the polarization of piezoelectric materials is a promising technology for environmental pollutant treatment. Developing effective piezoelectric catalysts and clarifying the reaction mechanism are crucial to the application of piezoelectric catalysis. Herein, a unique strategy of photochemical self-etching of Bi₂₅FeO₄₀ was used to prepare a piezoelectric catalyst of ...
... Garlic peel (GP), as a readily available agricultural waste, has been successfully employed to synthesize a carbon-based solid acid catalyst, which, in turn, has been used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid with methanol for biodiesel production. Several GP-based catalysts have been synthesized by partial carbonization at various temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C) followed by ...
... Biodiesel production from non-edible seed oil of abundantly available wild Azadirachta India through novel electrolysis technique assisted (trans)esterification was studied at room temperature. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was applied with a three-parameter-three-level to optimize the operating condition, including voltage (5–15 V/cm), time (1− ...
catalysts; dispersibility; energy; fluidized beds; heat production; heat transfer coefficient; hydrodynamics; methanol; model validation; models; olefin; particle size; temperature
Abstract:
... Lacking the understanding of multiphase flow in the fluidized bed methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process hinders the reactor design, operation, and optimization. Accordingly, a three-dimensional multiphase particle-in-cell model is established to study hydrodynamics and thermochemical characteristics during the MTO process in a fluidized bed reactor. After model validation, the influences of several cri ...
biotechnology; catalysts; catalytic activity; energy; methanol; methanolysis; sodium silicate; temperature
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Chemical recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an effective way to save energy and protect the environment. In this work, calcined sodium silicate was adopted as a novel solid base catalyst for methanolysis of PET for the first time. The effects of various parameters on the conversion of PET and the yield of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the methanolysis process of ...
X-ray diffraction; administrative management; air; biodiesel; castor oil; catalysts; desorption; endothermy; energy conversion; methanol; raw materials; temperature; thermogravimetry; transesterification
Abstract:
... In this study, a new low-cost LiAlO₂-LiFeO₂ composite (Li/RM) was prepared through a simple solid-state reaction using red mud (RM) as raw material, and the transesterification of castor oil with methanol for biodiesel production was carried out with the prepared Li/RM composite. The optimum preparation parameters of Li/RM composite were obtained, and the optimum preparation parameters were as fol ...
catalysts; catalytic activity; cyclohexanes; economic sustainability; energy; ethanol; formic acid; heterocyclic nitrogen compounds; hydrogen; hydrogenation; liquids; methanol; process design; temperature
Abstract:
... With the renewed interest for hydrogen as an energy carrier, means to produce, but most importantly store, transport, and distribute, “green” hydrogen over long distances has become important. In this context, liquid organic molecules that can be hydrogenated and dehydrogenated under mild conditions of temperature and pressure continue to attract significant attention. These liquid organic molecul ...
... The ex-situ catalytic co-conversion of poplar pyrolysis vapor and methanol over HZSM-5 was conducted in a bench-scale continuous feeding setup. Methanol was introduced into reaction system through mid-section addition. The effects of catalytic temperature, methanol/poplar mass ratio, time-on-stream on the products distribution and bio-oil composition were investigated. In addition, the evident syn ...
... More than 40 million tons of thermosetting plastics are produced annually and 70% of those are epoxy polymers. The synthesis of bio-based epoxide provides a pathway for making renewable thermoset plastics. We describe in this study the use of a genetically modified high-S poplar lignin to produce 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMPP), which is converted to the tri-functional compound propylpyrogallo ...
... Butyl butyrate (BB) derived from bio-renewable resources is the most promising jet fuel blend. This review highlights essential properties of jet fuel, including calorific value, kinematic viscosity, freezing point, flash point, auto-ignition temperature, and density to compare with different bio-renewable chemicals, which are compatible to be blended with the jet fuel. A detailed discussion follo ...
... Sustainable fuels and technologies are expected to significantly contribute towards climate change mitigation considering that the transportation sector provides a 23% share out of the total CO₂ emissions. Biodiesel is a green fuel produced by transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The current study entails modelling and simulation of biodiesel producti ...
... Zinc–air battery-based desalination (ZABD) is a potential solution to effectively desalinate brackish water and supply energy simultaneously, which requires catalysts with high and durable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of zinc–air batteries. Herein, a N-doped hierarchically porous carbon material encapsulating Co/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was successful ...
... Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed α-hydroxymethylation of amides with methanol under mild conditions. Using CoCl₂·6H₂O as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst, some important bioactive β-hydroxyamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The developed method features a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. In addition, anticholinergic tropicamide was easily synthe ...
... The economic viability of a methanol production process through carbon dioxide reforming of landfill gas using a newly developed nickel-based catalyst was assessed. The development of the catalyst and techno-economic analysis of the designed process were targeted. The nickel-based catalyst showed a highly active and stable performance even at an extremely high gas hourly space velocity of 1,620,00 ...
... The effect of water over the performance of the Methanol-to-Olefins process was studied in a conventional fluidized bed reactor (CFBR) and a two-zone fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR). Both of them contained the same SAPO-34-based catalyst, prepared by agglomeration with bentonite and alumina. In the first section of this paper, the performance was studied in the TZFBR for a wide range of temperatures ...
... The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction is an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for biodiesel production as compared to the homogeneous catalyst-based processes. In this study, a heterogeneous cobalt doping Zn/Al complex oxide was prepared by a simple birch-templating method, and successfully applied to the transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol. Th ...
biofuels; catalysts; fluid mechanics; fluidized beds; green chemistry; guaiacol; methanol; oil and gas industry; oxygen; pH; petroleum; phenol; power generation; research; temperature; value added; water content
Abstract:
... Bio-oil is a reliable renewable alternative to petroleum for wide range of applications such as transportation fuels, power generation and source of many value-added chemicals for petrochemical industry. However, compared to petroleum, the physical and chemical properties of bio-oil such as high oxygen content, high moisture content and low pH are some limiting factors for its real-life applicatio ...
... Silica-based heterogeneous catalyst derived from rice husk ash (RHA) was used for the transformation of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) into biodiesel. The production of the biodiesel from PFAD was conducted via esterification and transesterification employing Huskcatacid and Huskcatbase, respectively. The biodiesel was analyzed from different parameters, i.e., amount of catalyst, oil to methano ...
Fatima El Ouahabi; Wietse Smit; Carlo Angelici; Mykola Polyakov; Uwe Rodemerck; Christine Fischer; V. Narayana Kalevaru; Sebastian Wohlrab; Sergey Tin; Gerard P. M. van Klink; Jan C. van der Waal; François Orange; Johannes G. de Vries
calcium oxide; carbon; catalysts; exercise; extrusion; green chemistry; hydrogenation; levulinic acid; methanol; reaction mechanisms; temperature
Abstract:
... A high-throughput screening exercise testing 60 different catalysts resulted in 5 wt % Pt on sulfided carbon as the best catalyst in the conversion of bio-based methyl levulinate (ML) to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in a gas-phase continuous process. Up to 18% yield of MVK was obtained, but fast catalyst deactivation was observed. For a better understanding of the reaction mechanism, the potential re ...
carbon dioxide; catalysts; electrochemistry; hydrogenation; methanol; photochemistry; temperature
Abstract:
... This review explains the various methods of conversion of Carbon dioxide (CO₂) to methanol by using homogenous, heterogeneous catalysts through hydrogenation, photochemical, electrochemical, and photo-electrochemical techniques. Since, CO₂ is the major contributor to global warming, its utilization for the production of fuels and chemicals is one of the best ways to save our environment in a susta ...
... BACKGROUND: Palladium particles with a size of 2 nm were obtained by laser electrodispersion (LED) and used to prepare the Pd‐ZnHZSM‐5(LED) catalyst (Pd = 0.0005 wt%). The deposition of the LED palladium particles on the surface of ZnHZSM‐5 provided a high dimethyl ether (DME) conversion into liquid hydrocarbons; the percentage of the unreacted intermediate (methanol) decreased by an order of magn ...
... An outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is firstly developed deriving from sustainable rice husk (RH) biomass. Benefiting from self-doped Si in RH, the higher proportion of pyridine N, graphite N and expecially Fe-Nₓ as well as thiophene S contents were produced in Si-Fe/S/N-RH₃ in comparison with those of Si-free Fe/S/N-RH₃. Consequently, the half-wave potential of 0.89 V a ...
... The present study aims to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel via phosphomolybdic acid (H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀, PMA) supported on Clinoptilolite as a novel green acid catalyst through an electrolysis procedure. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, Elemental map, and TEM analyses. The effect of four independent variables on biodiesel yield including methanol to oil mol ...
... Use of green alternative sources for energy like biofuels is one of the most important requirements of sustainable development. This research aims to design and prepare a new magnetically recoverable catalyst based on agro-wastes. For this purpose, cotton waste was selected and its application in the preparation of magnetic catalysts (Cotton/Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) used for the production of biodie ...
... A detailed understanding of the interactions among the active components in gallium promoted Cu/ZnO catalysts, depending on the speciation of the gallium, are reported using in situ/operando spectroscopic studies, and their effect in the CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol unraveled. In this contribution, the promoting effect of Ga³⁺-doped in the wurtzite ZnO lattice of a Cu/ZnO/Ga₂O₃ catalyst is compar ...
... Methanol produced from chemical transformation of coal derived CO₂ rich syngas can be a sustainable replacement for conventional crude oil based fuels with an impressive feature of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Mostly industrial catalysts are promoted, however, lack of detailed insight into the mechanism of promotion has so far restricted the identification of non-precious promoter. In this w ...
... Deacidification is a critical step in alkali catalyzed transestrification of acidic oil for biodiesel production. In this work, optimization of the process variables and insights into the mechanisms of deep eutectic solvent (DES) assistance of deacidification of acidic oil catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 were investigated. Specifically, response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) wer ...
... Carbon-based metal-free catalysts have emerged as a promising class of candidates to replace the precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, an efficient nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co-doped nanocarbon electrocatalyst has been fabricated from ZIF-8 via strong host–guest chemical reactions, which involve disassembly–reassembly of ZIF-8 initiated by a reactive S-containing ...
... Herein, we utilized environmental waste products, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and spent bleaching clay (SBC) from the palm oil refining industry as cheap feedstock and catalyst support, respectively, for glycerol-free biodiesel production. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC), regarded as a suitable environmental alternative to methanol in producing glycerol-free biodiesel, was used as the methylating a ...
catalysts; ceramics; hydrogen; hydrogen production; methanol; renewable energy sources; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... Methanol steam reforming (MSR) has been proven to be a feasible approach for in-situ hydrogen production. This paper designed a novel thermally autonomous MSR microreactor with regular-shaped pores SiC scaffold as catalyst support. The SiC scaffolds with four different pore sizes were fabricated by direct ink writing (DIW) of polycarbosilane-based solution. After post processing, the printed ceram ...
anodes; catalysts; electrochemistry; methanol; power generation; renewable energy sources
Abstract:
... In this work, Cu–CeO₂ co-impregnated 8 mol.% Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ (YSZ) has been synthesized and characterized as an integrated catalyst layer for methanol-fueled Ni-YSZ anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). With the addition of the integrated catalyst layer, single cell fueled by methanol demonstrates 55.2% reduction of polarization resistance (from 0.67 to 0.30 Ω·cm²) and 42.32% incensement of pe ...
... A series of bifunctional catalysts CuO–ZnO–Al₂O₃/SiO₂–Al₂O₃ (CZA/SA) with different SA/CZA ratios were prepared by dry gel assisting crystallization method. The catalytic performance of bifunctional catalysts for one-step synthesis of methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl ether (DME) from CO₂ hydrogenation was investigated. The results showed that compared with Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃, CZA/SA catalyst significantly i ...
... It is still challengeable but significant to rationally develop dual-metal single-atom catalysts with rich accessible active sites and excellent intrinsic catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we present a novel dual-metal single-atom catalyst, Fe and Zn single atoms homogenously anchored on carbon nanotubes inlaid N, S-doped hollow carbon polyhedrons (FeZn-NSC), synt ...