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- Author:
- Woodall, Christopher W.; Smith, James E.; Miles, Patrick D.
- Source:
- Proceedings of the eighth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium : Monterey, CA, October 16-19, 2006 / edited by Ronald E. McRoberts ... [et al.] pp. -
- Subject:
- snags; geographical distribution; species diversity; forests; forest inventory; fuel loading; fuels (fire ecology); decayed wood; biomass; forest health; United States
- Abstract:
- ... Standing dead trees in forests of the United States serve as wildlife habitat, a fuel loading component, and carbon stocks. Although standing dead trees are a vital component of forest ecosystems, information regarding this resource across the Nation is lacking. The first annual inventory of standing dead trees across the United States was initiated in 1999, resulting in a comprehensive assessment ...
- Handle:
- 10113/42051
- Author:
- Lovanh, N.; Loughrin, J.H.; Cook, K.; Rothrock, M.; Sistani, K.
- Source:
- International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture : proceedings of the 16-19 September 2007 conference, Broomfield, Colorado pp. -
- Subject:
- pig manure; waste lagoons; waste treatment; anaerobic digestion; spatial variation; depth; pH; temperature; anaerobes; species diversity; nutrients; seasonal variation; Kentucky
- Abstract:
- ... An understanding of the nature of wastes in an anaerobic swine lagoon is essential in the design and operation of alternative collection, treatment, and disposal facilities for environmental quality management such as odor control, nutrient and pathogen reduction. In this study, the characterization of an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon (0.40 ha) from a farrowing operation (approximately 20 ...
- Handle:
- 10113/44189
- Author:
- Burger, Loren W. Jr.; Hardy, Carol; Bein, Jeff
- Source:
- Fire in ecosystem management : shifting the paradigm from suppression to prescription : proceedings of the 20th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 7-10, May 1996, Boise Convention Centre "On the Grove", Boise, Idaho, USA / presented by Tall Timbers Research Station ... [et al.] ; [edited by Teresa L. Pruden and Leonard A. Brennan] pp. -
- Subject:
- mixed forests; wildlife habitats; species diversity; wild birds; ecological restoration; Leuconotopicus borealis; prescribed burning; vegetation structure; Homochitto National Forest; Mississippi
- Handle:
- 10113/34592
4. Historical density and stand structure of an old-growth forest in the Boise Basin of central Idaho
- Author:
- Sloan, John P.
- Source:
- Fire in ecosystem management : shifting the paradigm from suppression to prescription : proceedings of the 20th Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 7-10, May 1996, Boise Convention Centre "On the Grove", Boise, Idaho, USA / presented by Tall Timbers Research Station ... [et al.] ; [edited by Teresa L. Pruden and Leonard A. Brennan] pp. -
- Subject:
- history; old-growth forests; forest succession; forest trees; spatial distribution; coniferous forests; fires; Pinus ponderosa; forest stands; stand density; spatial data; species diversity; stand composition; Pseudotsuga menziesii; stand basal area; tree mortality; vegetation structure; Idaho
- Handle:
- 10113/34466
- Author:
- Reeder, J.D.; Schuman, G.E.; Morgan, J.A.; LeCain, D.R.; Hart, R.H
- Source:
- Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress : grassland ecosystems : an outlook into the 21st century, 11-21 February 2001, Sao Pedro, Sao Paulo, Brazil pp. -
- Subject:
- grazing management; range management; carbon sequestration; semiarid zones; dry environmental conditions; grazing intensity; semiarid soils; prairies; stocking rate; plant communities; grasses; forbs; species diversity; soil organic carbon; spatial distribution; forage production; United States
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of 12 years of grazing management strategies on carbon (C) distribution and sequestration were assessed on a semi-arid mixed-grass prairie in Wyoming, USA. Five grazing treatments were evaluated: non-grazed exclosures; continuous, season-long grazing at a light (22 steer-days ha-1) stocking rate; and, rotationally-deferred, short-duration rotation, and continuous, season-long grazing, ...
- Handle:
- 10113/48359
- Author:
- Rice, W.C.; Manson, A.M.; Cole, N.A.; Clark, R.N.
- Source:
- International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture : proceedings of the 16-19 September 2007 conference, Broomfield, Colorado pp. -
- Subject:
- ammonia; soil chemical properties; soil fungi; soil bacteria; animal manures; community structure; feedlots; ribosomal DNA; polymerase chain reaction; beef cattle; nitrate nitrogen; alpha-Proteobacteria; spatial data; species diversity; beta-Proteobacteria; nitrites
- Abstract:
- ... The biological and chemical characteristics of feedyard pen surfaces have the potential to affect environmental conditions with respect to air and water quality. Little is known about feedyard pen surface chemistry and that of the underlying microbial community structure. The feedlot surface profile has been described as four layers: the unconsolidated (or loose surface), dry-pack, wet-pack, and s ...
- Handle:
- 10113/46013
- Author:
- Lombardo, S.; Handoo, Z.; Rapisarda, C.; Colombo, A.
- Source:
- Cereal cyst nematodes : status, research and outlook : proceedings of the first workshop of the International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initiative, 21-23 October 2009, Antalya, Turkey / Ian T. Riley, Julie M. Nicol, A.A. Dababat, editors pp. -
- Subject:
- geographical distribution; Heterodera latipons; plant diseases and disorders; barley; grain crops; Hordeum vulgare; durum wheat; plant pests; Heterodera avenae; species diversity; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; Heterodera hordecalis; cyst nematodes; Italy
- Handle:
- 10113/44691
- Author:
- Stewart, Brock; Cieszewski, Chris J.; Smith, Eric L.
- Source:
- Proceedings of the eighth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium : Monterey, CA, October 16-19, 2006 / edited by Ronald E. McRoberts ... [et al.] pp. -
- Subject:
- forest health; tree mortality; forest inventory; forest trees; species diversity; models; prediction; regression analysis; spatial data; data analysis; Southeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... Variables relating to forest health monitoring, such as mortality, are difficult to predict and model. We present here the results of fitting various spatial regression models to these variables. We interpolate plot-level values compiled from the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Information Management System (FIA-NIMS) data that are related to forest health. These data included information c ...
- Handle:
- 10113/42094
- Author:
- Schmidt, Thomas L.; McWilliams, William H.
- Source:
- 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference proceedings of a conference held at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, April 1-3, 2002 / edited by: J.W. Van Sambeek ... [et al.] pp. -
- Subject:
- logging; deciduous forests; forest trees; forest succession; land ownership; temperate forests; forest management; wildlife habitats; species diversity; forest inventory; stand composition; forest habitats; forest resources; Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Ohio; Missouri
- Abstract:
- ... Forests in the Central Hardwood region are undergoing change in terms of area, volume, species composition, and forest structure. These forests are dominated by deciduous species; are increasing their average stand size, volume, and age; and, are experiencing woody plant species replacement as shade intolerant species are being replaced by more shade tolerant species. As changes progress, concerns ...
- Handle:
- 10113/42660
- Author:
- Epsky, Nancy D.; Morrill, Wendell L.; Mankin, Richard W.
- Source:
- Encyclopedia of entomology / edited by John L. Capinera pp. -
- Subject:
- insect pests; monitoring; species diversity; population density; insect traps; insect control; insect ecology
- Handle:
- 10113/44095
- Author:
- Hanula, J.L.; Horn, S.; Wade, D.D.
- Source:
- Insect biodiversity and dead wood : proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology / editors, Simon J. Grove, James L. Hanula pp. -
- Subject:
- woodpeckers; arthropod communities; forest litter; coniferous forests; species diversity; predator-prey relationships; Leuconotopicus borealis; coarse woody debris; prescribed burning; Pinus palustris; Arthropoda; Florida
- Handle:
- 10113/2274
- Author:
- W. J. E. Norton
- Source:
- Ibis 1958 v.100 no.2 pp. 179-189
- ISSN:
- 0019-1019
- Subject:
- birds; habitats; mountains; species diversity; Iran
- Abstract:
- ... A list is given of the species encountered 19 July‐23 August in the Elburz with habitat notes, comparisons with the findings of earlier observers and special reference to occurrences at over 9000 ft. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1958.tb08789.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1958.tb08789.x
- Author:
- Edward F. Menhinick
- Source:
- Ecology 1964 v.45 no.4 pp. 859-861
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- insects; sampling; species diversity; statistical analysis
- Abstract:
- ... A comparison was made of several cumulative species/cumulative individuals indices using a statistical distribution corresponding to the species of insects in a sample from the herb stratum of a lespedeza field. Criteria used in comparison were that the indices be intensive for a given universe regardless of sample size and that the indices differentiate between universes having different numbers ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934933
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934933
- Author:
- Louis G. Williams
- Source:
- Ecology 1964 v.45 no.4 pp. 809-823
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Bacillariophyceae; crops; eutrophication; rivers; species diversity; water quality; Great Lakes; United States
- Abstract:
- ... Semimonthly samples from 103 scattered stations on the major rivers and Great Lakes of the United States reveal differences in kinds and numbers of dominating planktonic organisms. Diatoms dominate at these stations. A counting of 250 to 300 individuals per sample of diatoms using special hyrax mounts gives an adequate proportional representation of the four most abundant species of the population ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934927
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934927
- Author:
- William L. Webb
- Source:
- Ecology 1965 v.46 no.4 pp. 479-488
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Microtus; behavior change; community structure; fauna; forest habitats; interspecific variation; islands; lakes; population density; probability; small mammals; species diversity; trapping; traps
- Abstract:
- ... Small mammal populations on three islands in Adirondack lakes were studied by trap removal, and results compared with trap removal data from three similar mainland areas. Number of species present on islands was less than on the mainland, but island size did not affect faunal diversity. Microtus were much more prevalent on islands and occurred in forested habitats. Total population density of smal ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934879
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934879
- Author:
- Paul D. Kilburn
- Source:
- Ecology 1966 v.47 no.5 pp. 831-843
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- area; equations; plant communities; sampling; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... An equation of the form y = kx² describing more precisely the species—area relation for plant species in smaller areas is proposed as a result of intensive examination of species presence in six stands of three undisturbed plant communities in the midwest. Each individual equation for each stand is based on a relatively small sample of 900 m², but within such an area, the fit of observed data to t ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934269
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934269
- Author:
- George E. Lawrence
- Source:
- Ecology 1966 v.47 no.2 pp. 278-291
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Canis latrans; Pinus; badgers; birds of prey; branches; chaparral; foraging; forbs; grasses; grasslands; habitats; heat; hills; mortality; mountains; nesting; plant growth; predation; small mammals; species diversity; temperature; trees; woodlands; California
- Abstract:
- ... Chaparral fire brings decided changes in the species composition and density of both plant and animal populations in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Some species decrease whereas others increase following a burn, but not species is totally eliminated, nor is there any apparent diminution of total life on a burn after plant growth resumes. These conclusions were reached in the course of a 4—year study ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933775
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933775
- Author:
- Leslie W. Gysel
- Source:
- Ecology 1966 v.47 no.3 pp. 465-472
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Bonasa umbellus; Cyperaceae; Lepus americanus; Odocoileus virginianus; Pinus banksiana; Pinus resinosa; Quercus ellipsoidalis; birds; community structure; grasses; lichens; overstory; plant communities; planting; shrubs; species diversity; trees; Michigan
- Abstract:
- ... A savanna—like area of 1,302 acres in northern Michigan was planted from 1919 to 1923 with red pine (Pinus resinosa), a species not common in local plant communities at that time. Its high survival resulted in marked changes in plant species composition and cover. The plantation could be considered an ₐrtificial community. On a designated natural or unplanted area of 122 acres adjacent to the pine ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1932985
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1932985
- Author:
- Keith L. White
- Source:
- Ecology 1966 v.47 no.2 pp. 229-237
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Quercus douglasii; browsing; deer; grazing; hills; land use; reproduction; saplings; seedlings; species diversity; stumps; woodlands; California
- Abstract:
- ... Structure and species composition were sampled in 49 stands of foothill woodland in the vincinity of Hastings Reservation. Most of the stands were nearly pure blue oak (Quercus Douglasii). There was an average of 207 trees per acre, but an average of only 75 saplings per acre. The majority of saplings were blue oaks so that blue oak is not being replaced by other species. Fire and livestock grazin ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933769
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933769
- Author:
- Murray F. Buell; Arthur N. Langford; Donald W. Davidson; Lewis F. Ohmann
- Source:
- Ecology 1966 v.47 no.3 pp. 416-432
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Acer saccharum; Quercus; Tsuga canadensis; altitude; calcareous soils; forests; highlands; limestone; saplings; seedlings; species diversity; New Jersey
- Abstract:
- ... Quantitative data on trees, saplings and tree seedlings were taken from 60 acceptably homogeneous upland stands on a wide variety of geological substrata and topographic positions throughout northern New Jersey, partly to test the applicability of a unidimensional continuum in a heterogeneous environment. The strong negative correlation between stand altitude and continuum index could not be ascri ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1932981
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1932981
- Author:
- Robert P. McIntosh
- Source:
- Ecology 1967 v.48 no.3 pp. 392-404
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- animal communities; equations; plant communities; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... The uses in ecology of the terms richness, diversity, homogeneity, and similarity are considered in the context of recent studies of plant and animal communities. Various uses of divesity are reviewed and an index of diversity derived from the distance measure of similarity is suggested. This index is Σ ᵢ ₌ ₁n² ᵢ where S equals the number of species and n equals the number of individuals in each s ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1932674
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1932674
- Author:
- Keith L. White
- Source:
- Ecology 1967 v.48 no.6 pp. 949-955
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- grazing; Nassella pulchra; species diversity; Stipa; stand basal area; grasslands; California
- Abstract:
- ... Species composition, cover, and standing crop were sampled in 13 small patches of the native bunchgrass Stipa pulchra on an area protected from grazing for 27 years. The common species present were representatives of lightly grazed annual grassland. Cover of Stipa, as basal area intercept, averaged 11%. Standing crop of all species averaged 98 g/m², with Stipa comprising 37% of the total. Comparis ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934539
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934539
- Author:
- Eric R. Pianka
- Source:
- Ecology 1967 v.48 no.3 pp. 333-351
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- deserts; growing season; lizards; spatial variation; species diversity; warm season; North America
- Abstract:
- ... Eight potential mechanisms for the determination of species diversity are described and discussed, and data relevant to each are presented for a particular diversity gradient: namely that of the flat land desert lizards of western North America. It is concluded that ecological time, spatial heterogeneity, length of growing season, and amount of warm season productivity are all factors which determ ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1932670
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1932670
- Author:
- Ted L. Hanes; Harold W. Jones
- Source:
- Ecology 1967 v.48 no.2 pp. 259-264
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- chaparral; mountains; seedlings; shrubs; species diversity; wildfires; California
- Abstract:
- ... The vegetation of two chaparral stands of different age in the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California was analyzed in 1959, was completely destroyed by wildfire in 1960, and was reanalyzed by 1/100—acre quadrats in 1965, 4½ year after the wildfire. The 1965 vegetation of north—facing slopes in both stands contained more plants and more species and generally taller individual plants than sout ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933108
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933108
- Author:
- Melbourne C. Whiteside; Rodney V. Harmsworth
- Source:
- Ecology 1967 v.48 no.4 pp. 664-667
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Cladocera; correlation; habitats; lakes; macrophytes; microfossils; primary productivity; sediments; species diversity; Indiana
- Abstract:
- ... Microfossil remains from surficial sediments of 20 Danish and 14 northern Indiana Jakes were counted, and their relative percentages calculated. Using the function H = — Σp°ᵢlog₂°° species diversity was calculated for each lake. Indices of diversity for each lake and data on primary production and transparency were subsequently ranked and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was determined betw ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1936514
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1936514
- Author:
- Daniel H. Janzen; Thomas W. Schoener
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.1 pp. 96-110
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- developmental stages; dry season; habitats; insect communities; insects; predators; species diversity; temperature; understory; vertebrates; Costa Rica
- Abstract:
- ... During the dry season in Costa Rica, sweep samples were taken of forest understory insects in three adjacent habitats of increasing moistness (Guanacaste Province: Areas I through III) and in another habitat under a much wetter precipitation regime (Limon Province; Area IV). These samples were then compared with respect to numbers of individuals, numbers of species, size frequencies, weight, devel ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933565
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933565
- Author:
- Mike Dickman
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1188-1190
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Chlorophyta; algae; cages; eggs; epiphytes; frogs; grazing; lakes; periphyton; species diversity; spring; tadpoles
- Abstract:
- ... The species composition and standing crop of the algal epiphytes on the walls of experimental cages in a small lake were greatly altered following the emergence of frog tadpoles from eggs laid in the cages. The results support the hypothesis that tadpoles may be a major cause of the massive spring reduction in standing crop of filamentous green algae in the lake. ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934511
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934511
- Author:
- Gary W. Barrett
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1019-1035
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera; primary productivity; insecticides; millets; niches; acute effects; population growth; grasslands; Mus musculus; reproduction; Sigmodon hispidus; Homoptera; laboratory experimentation; Araneae; planting; ecosystems; Peromyscus polionotus; models; mice; species diversity; toxicity; biomass; small mammals; spraying; phytophagous insects; predatory insects; Urochloa ramosa
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of a carbamate insecticide, Sevin, on plant, arthropod, and mammal components within a grain crop grassland ecosystem were investigated. A single application of 2 lb. of the insecticide was applied in July to 1 of 2 comparable and adjacent once—acre fenced enclosures, each planted in a crop of millet (Panicum ramosum) and stocked with three species of small mammals, the cotton rat (Sig ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934487
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934487
- Author:
- Donald Caplenor
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.2 pp. 322-331
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Carya cordiformis; Carya tomentosa; Fagus grandifolia; Liquidambar styraciflua; Liriodendron tulipifera; Nyssa sylvatica; Pinus echinata; Pinus taeda; Quercus alba; Quercus falcata; Quercus nigra; Quercus velutina; Tilia; Ulmus americana; clinical examination; environmental factors; forest communities; forests; highlands; loess; meteorological data; soil; species diversity; streams; Mississippi
- Abstract:
- ... Four forest communities related to obvious edaphic areas in west—central Mississippe were sampled. Communities on thick loess were dominated by Liquidambar Styraciflua, Tilia sp., Quercus nigra, Liriodendron Tulipifera, Quercus falacata var. pagadaefllia, ulmus americana and rubra, and Carya cordiformis; those on thin loess by Fagus grandifolia, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus velutina, and Carya tomento ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934462
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934462
- Author:
- Alan J. Kohn
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1046-1062
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Gastropoda; Polychaeta; body size; body weight; carnivores; coral reefs; diet; feeding methods; fish; herbivores; islands; limestone; littoral zone; microhabitats; population density; predators; sand; species diversity; Indian Ocean
- Abstract:
- ... Assemblages of up to 17 species and averaging 13 species of Conus were found on topographically complex subtidal coral reefs (Type III habitat) in the Maldive and Chagos Islands, Indian Ocean. Topographically simpler intertidal smooth limestone benches (Type II habitat) supported eight species. At a station with intermediate habitat, 12 species were present. Only two species were found in extensiv ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934489
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934489
- Author:
- Arthur W. Bailey; Charles E. Poulton
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.1 pp. 1-13
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Acer circinatum; Acer macrophyllum; Alnus rubra; Gaultheria shallon; Lotus; Polystichum munitum; Pteridium aquilinum; Rubus parviflorus; Symphoricarpos; Vaccinium; environmental factors; forest fires; plant communities; shade tolerance; soil; species diversity; vegetation; Oregon
- Abstract:
- ... Major post—burn communities were characterized and environmental relationships investigated on an area burned by forest fires in 1933, 1939, and 1945. Results that seral vegetation developing after three forest fires is classifiable, and the communities show consistent relationships to environmental factors. Both shade—intolerant, early seral species and shade—tolerant, late seral or climax specie ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933554
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933554
- Author:
- N. G. Hairston; J. D. Allan; R. K. Colwell; D. J. Futuyma; J. Howell; M. D. Lubin; J. Mathias; J. H. Vandermeer
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.6 pp. 1091-1101
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Paramecium; Protozoa; bacteria; bacterial communities; predators; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... Small experimental communities of bacteria and Protozoa were designed to test the widely held hypothesis that higher species diversity brings about greater stability. Three species of bacteria, three species of Paramecium and two species of protozoan predators, Didinium and Woodruffia, were used. The communities were maintained by regular additions of the appropriate combinations of species of bac ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934492
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934492
- Author:
- Carl H. Winget
- Source:
- Forestry chronicle 1968 v.44 no.6 pp. 31-35
- ISSN:
- 0015-7546
- Subject:
- Abies balsamea; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum; Betula alleghaniensis; Fagus; Fraxinus americana; Prunus serotina; advanced regeneration; cutting; dominant species; hardwood forests; highlands; second growth; shade tolerance; species diversity; woody plants; Quebec
- Abstract:
- ... Second-growth, tolerant hardwood stands developed rapidly and, almost entirely from shade-tolerant advance growth, regardless of cutting intensity. Non-commercial woody species were seldom important competitors. Sugar maple, associated with beech on upland and balsam fir on lowland sites, was the dominant species. Yellow birch, basswood and hemlock, important contributors to wood volumes harvested ...
- DOI:
- 10.5558/tfc44031-6
- https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc44031-6
- Author:
- Andrew L. Sheldon
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.2 pp. 193-198
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- fauna; fish; regression analysis; species diversity; streams; surveys; New York
- Abstract:
- ... A quantitative survey was made of the distribution and abundance of fishes in Owego Creek, New York. Four of the five headwaters species occurred throughout the area and two of these species dominated the fauna in all areas. Thirty—one species were found in the area. Succession took the form of additions to the headwaters assemblage and replacement was of minor importance. Regression analyses show ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934447
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934447
- Author:
- C. David McIntire
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.3 pp. 520-537
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Achnanthes; Anabaena variabilis; Cocconeis; Gomphonema; Melosira; Meridion; Navicula; Nitzschia; Phormidium; Rhoicosphenia; Synedra ulna; Tribonema; algae; benthic organisms; biomass; flora; light intensity; lighting; species diversity; streams
- Abstract:
- ... Effects of light intensity and current velocity on the species composition and ecological properties of communities of benthic algae were investigated in laboratory streams. Of the 15 diatom taxa studied, only Melosira varians, Meridion circulare, and Navicula radiosa were more abundant in streams receiving 700 ft—c of illumination than in those receiving 150 ft—c. Achnanthes exigua, A. minutissim ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934118
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934118
- Author:
- Jerry L. Wilhm
- Source:
- Ecology 1968 v.49 no.1 pp. 153-156
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- biomass; macroinvertebrates; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... Species diversity of a population of benthic macroinvertebrates was described with Shannon's formula. The index was compared with basic data as numbers of individuals versus basic data as biomass units. ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933573
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933573
- Author:
- Elliot J. Tramer
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.5 pp. 927-929
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- birds; breeding; breeding season; leaves; marshes; nests; phytoplankton; species diversity; territoriality; trees; uncertainty
- Abstract:
- ... Shannon's diversity index H' = Σpᵢ log₂ pᵢ was calculated for 267 breeding bird censuses. The index was resolved into its components, species richness and relative abundance, to determine which components played a larger role in the determination of diversity patterns. Changes in diversity were correlated closely with species richness (r = 0.972), while the relative abundance component remained st ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933715
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933715
- Author:
- John Terborgh; John S. Weske
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.5 pp. 765-782
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- birds; fauna; foraging; leaves; nests; niches; spatial variation; species diversity; surveys; temperature; tropical forests; Peru
- Abstract:
- ... Complete surveys of the bird faunas of 4— to 10—acre study plots in six habitats were undertaken at a locality in the Apurimac Valley of Peru. Two of the habitats, forest and matorral, represent the primary vegetation of the region. Four secondary habitats incorporated varying degrees of departure from the structure and species composition of natural vegetation. Of the 211 species of land birds fo ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933691
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933691
- Author:
- Thomal L. Poulson; David C. Culver
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.1 pp. 153-158
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- arthropods; microclimate; national parks; species diversity; trapping; Kentucky
- Abstract:
- ... Local species diversity of terrestrial arthropods was determined from a combination of trapping and census in an area of variable passage type in Flint Ridge Cave System in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. We measured evaporative rate, substrate moisture, substrate organic content, predictability and stability of food and microclimate, substrate diversity, and intensity of flooding. We found ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934678
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934678
- Author:
- Andrew L. Sheldon
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.3 pp. 466-467
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- population size; species diversity; statistics
- Abstract:
- ... Three measures of equitability or relative diversity are shown to be dependent on the species count component of total diversity. This dependence limits the use of equitability indices as comparative statistics. ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933900
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933900
- Author:
- Daniel S. Simberloff; Edward O. Wilson
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.2 pp. 278-296
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- fumigation; islands; arthropods; breeding sites; equations; variance; models; zoogeography; extinction; population density; predation; Formicidae; species diversity; population size; methyl bromide; immigration; fauna; Florida
- Abstract:
- ... We report here the first evidence of faunistic equilibrium obtained through controlled, replicated experiments, together with an analysis of the immigration and extinction processes of animal species based on direct observations. The colonization of six small mangrove islands in Florida Bay by terrestrial arthropods was monitored at frequent intervals for 1 year after removal of the original fauna ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934856
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934856
- Author:
- Gordon H. Orians
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.5 pp. 783-801
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- agricultural land; amphibians; biomass; birds; dry season; foraging; insects; leaves; lowland forests; reptiles; sea level; species diversity; trees; tropical forests; tropics; wind; Costa Rica
- Abstract:
- ... Resident birds were censused in seven plots in Costa Rica ranging from 0 to 6 months dry season and from sea level to 2,380 m in elevation. Included were one highland and two lowland sites that were dominated by one or two species of trees. All stands were tall, undisturbed forests, but some were surrounded by agricultural land. The number of species of birds recorded was not measurably affected b ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933692
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933692
- Author:
- MacARTHUR, ROBERT H.
- Source:
- Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1969 v.1 no.1-2 pp. 19-30
- ISSN:
- 0024-4066
- Subject:
- breeding season; geographical distribution; habitats; islands; mountains; species diversity; temperate zones; tropics
- Abstract:
- ... Tropical countries have many times more species of most taxa than temperate ones, and small areas in the tropics have a smaller multiple of the number of species of small temperate areas. Where many species are present, abundances tend to be more equal and geographic distributions more spotty. Most tropical environments are less seasonal and more productive, and the dry areas and mountains which a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb01809.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb01809.x
- Author:
- Michael L. Rosenzweig; Jerald Winakur
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.4 pp. 558-572
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Dipodomys; Perognathus; Peromyscus; arid zones; extinction; habitats; leaves; mice; models; plant growth; population ecology; predation; soil; species diversity; sympatry; texture; vegetation; Arizona
- Abstract:
- ... We investigated the relative densities of granivorous, nocturnal desert rodents in small plots within two arid regions of Arizona to study how sympatric species avoid competitive extinction. The most common rodents were kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spp., and pocket mice, Perognathus spp. We attempted correlating the density of each species with several environmental measurements, derived from the soil ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1936246
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1936246
- Author:
- Dennis H. Knight; Orie L. Loucks
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.2 pp. 219-234
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- fire resistance; forest stands; forests; herbs; highlands; leaves; quantitative analysis; seed dispersal; shade tolerance; shrubs; species diversity; trees; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... The structural and functional features of the trees, shrubs, and herbs in the upland forest communities of Wisconsin have been studied for their potential in describing relationships between vegetation and environment. Structure is defined here as the spatial arrangement of the plant biomas, e.g., height, leaf size, and growth form. Functional features include those which are apparent adjustments ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934850
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934850
- Author:
- Rosemary J. Mackay; J. Kalff
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.1 pp. 101-109
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- aquatic environment; autumn; biomass; crops; fauna; gravel; habitats; insect communities; insects; leaves; sand; seasonal variation; spatial variation; species diversity; spring; streams; summer; winter; woodlands; Quebec
- Abstract:
- ... Seasonal changes in the distribution and abundance of insects species were studied in a small cool woodland stream where the primary food material was fallen leaves. Between March 1966 and March 1967, weekly quantitative samples were taken from sand, gravel, stone, leaf, and leaf detritus habitats. The number of insects per unit area of each habitat was least in sand and increased through gravel, ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934667
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934667
- Author:
- Martha Christensen
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.1 pp. 9-27
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Aureobasidium pullulans; Mortierella; Penicillium; Trichoderma; antibiotics; calcium; conifers; forest soils; forests; fungi; hyphae; species diversity; spores; trees; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... The Soil microfungi in 36 northern Wisconsin conifer—hardwood forests have been surveyed by the dilution plate technique. Populations of 180 isolates from six sites in each forest examined, and frequency (sites of occurrence) was used to assess species importance. The 6,461 isolates represented 476 taxonomic entities, but only 87 (18%) of these occurred in three or more forests or had one frequenc ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1934658
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1934658
- Author:
- L. L. Eberhardt
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.3 pp. 503-505
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- equations; mathematical models; probability distribution; species diversity
- Abstract:
- ... It is suggested that the sequence of frequency distributions including the Poisson, negative binomial, and logarithmic may serve as useful standards for intercomparing the many measures of diversity in use of proposed. MacArthur's "broken—stick" model is shown to fall essentially into this sequence. ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1933909
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1933909
- Author:
- RICHARDS, P.W.
- Source:
- Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1969 v.1 no.1-2 pp. 149-153
- ISSN:
- 0024-4066
- Subject:
- Diospyros; Miconia; Rinorea; Shorea; aseptic conditions; birds; competitive exclusion; ecosystems; epiphytes; flora; flowering; forest trees; grasslands; herbivores; herbs; impeded drainage; leaves; longevity; mineral resources; niches; nutrients; pathogens; plant communities; population ecology; shade tolerance; shrublands; soil resources; species diversity; sympatry; tropical rain forests; wind; Africa; Asia; Australia; New Caledonia
- Abstract:
- ... Two statements about the tropical rain forest are constantly reiterated:(1) it is the richest in species of all plant communities, (2) it is unusual among species-rich communities in the frequency of series of closely related (or at least congeneric) apparently sympatric species (cf. Fedorov, 1966). The comparison of species diversity in plant communities of very different physiognomy, e.g. forest ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb01817.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1969.tb01817.x
- Author:
- Robert E. Ricklefs; Ralph M. Adams; Robert L. Dressler
- Source:
- Ecology 1969 v.50 no.4 pp. 713-716
- ISSN:
- 0012-9658
- Subject:
- Euglossa; attractants; body length; body weight; niches; species diversity; tongue; Panama
- Abstract:
- ... Species diversity, relative abundance and geographical replacement are described for samples of Euglossa bees collected with the aid of chemical attractants at four localities in central Panama. Marked differences were found in the species collected, in their patterns of relative abundance and in distributions of morphological features (tongue length and body weight). Assuming that a given species ...
- DOI:
- 10.2307/1936265
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1936265