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1. Weed Root Profiles

Author:
R. G. Davis; W. C. Johnson; F. O. Wood
Source:
Agronomy journal 1967 v.59 no.6 pp. 555-556
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Bassia scoparia; Digitaria sanguinalis; Salsola tragus; Solanum rostratum; Tribulus terrestris; Xanthium strumarium; agronomy; weeds
Abstract:
... The spatial extent of the root systems of Xanthium Pennsylvanicum Wallr. (cocklebur), Tribulus terrestris L. (puncturevine), Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (kochia), Digitarius sanquinalls (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass), Solanum rostratum Dunal. (buffalobur), Salsola kali L. var. tenuifolia Tauch (Russian thistle), Amaranthis retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed), and sorghum was determined at 10 weeks aft ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1967.00021962005900060020x

2. Variation in Seed Weight and Germination in Populations of Amaranthus Retroflexus L.

Author:
E. L. McWilliams; R. Q. Landers; J. P. Mahlstede
Source:
Ecology 1968 v.49 no.2 pp. 290-296
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; dormancy; growing season; latitude; seed germination; seeds; temperature; weeds; Eastern European region; Iowa
Abstract:
... Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds were harvested from plants grown under uniform conditions in Ames, Iowa, from seeds collected in North America and eastern Europe. Germination of seeds from northern populations was significantly higher at 20°C than that from southern populations at the same temperature. Germination percentages were highest in all cases at 35ᵒC. No correlation was found between perc ...
DOI:
10.2307/1934458

3. Populational Variation in Germination of Weedy Species

Author:
Ivan G. Palmblad
Source:
Ecology 1969 v.50 no.4 pp. 746-748
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Bromus tectorum; Rumex crispus; seed germination; Utah
Abstract:
... Germination tests were conducted on seed from individual plants and from bulk samples representing 174 populations and 105 species to survey the prevalence of germination polymorphism in flowering plants in Utah and surrounding areas. Twenty—two populations representing 15 species (about 1/8 of the populations sampled) exhibited polymorphism, as measured by the germination of seed from individuals ...
DOI:
10.2307/1936276

4. 14C-Photosynthate Translocation in C3 and C4 Plants as Related to Leaf Anatomy

Author:
R. N. Gallaher; D. A. Ashley; R. H. Brown
Source:
Crop science 1975 v.15 no.1 pp. 55-59
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Glycine max; Megathyrsus maximus; Panicum milioides; leaf anatomy; phloem; photosynthesis
Abstract:
... This study was performed to investigate the relationship between ¹⁴C photosynthate translocation and phloem cross-sectional area in C₃ and C₄ plants. Spots 5 mm in diameter were labeled by ¹⁴CO₂ exposure on fully expanded leaves of two monocots (Panicum maximum Jacq., a C₄ species and Panicum milioides Nees ex. Trin., a C₃ species) and two dicots (Amaranthus retroflexus L., a C₄ species and Glycin ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1975.0011183X001500010016x

5. Seed Weight of Amaranthus Retroflexus in Relation to Moisture and Length of Growing Season

Author:
David J. Schimpf
Source:
Ecology 1977 v.58 no.2 pp. 450-453
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; genotype; growing season; irrigation systems; photoperiod; seedlings; seeds; soil horizons; North America
Abstract:
... Correlation analysis suggest that moisture availability is more important than length of growing season as a selective force for seed weight in Amaranthus retroflexus populations from eastern and central North America. Larger seeds are associated with drier environments, probably due to their capacity to establish seedlings from deeper soil horizons, where moisture is more reliable. Seed weights c ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935621

6. Effects of Temperature and Competition on the Establishment and Growth of Redroot Pigweed and Common Lambsquarters

Author:
Chang-chi Chu; Pamela M. Ludford; Jim L. Ozbun; Robert D. Sweet
Source:
Crop science 1978 v.18 no.2 pp. 308-310
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; germination; leaves; temperature
Abstract:
... A comparison was made of the germination, growth, and leaf CO₂-exchange rates of redroot pigweed (Amranthus retroflexus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) under varied temperature regimes. It was found that redroot pigweed had greater rates of germination, growth, and CO₂-exchange rates at high temperatures, whereas common lambsquarters performed better at low temperatures. The im ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183X001800020029x

7. Organization of an Assemblage of Early Successional Species on a Soil Moisture Gradient

Author:
S. T. A. Pickett; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1978 v.59 no.6 pp. 1248-1255
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon; Amaranthus retroflexus; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Persicaria pensylvanica; Polygonum; Setaria faberi; annuals; competitive exclusion; divergent evolution; flowering; mortality; refuge habitats; soil water
Abstract:
... To determine to roles of prior evolutionary divergence and competitive displacement of species in successional community organization, and aspects of the colonizing strategy, 6 co—occuring annuals were grown together and alone on a soil moisture gradient. The species had similar board vegetative and reproductive responses to the gradient. Interspecific competition reduced the niche breadth and sim ...
DOI:
10.2307/1938238

8. Adsorption and Reduction in Bioactivity of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) to Redroot Pigweed by Soil Organic Matter and Montmorillonite Clay

Author:
H. J. Strek; J. B. Weber
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1982 v.46 no.2 pp. 318-322
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; activated carbon; adsorbents; adsorption; aroclors; clay; clay fraction; isotope labeling; montmorillonite; plant height; radionuclides; sand; soil organic matter; toxicity
Abstract:
... Aroclor 1254 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) applied to untreated (1.4% organic matter) and H₂O₂-treated (0.2% organic matter) Lakeland sand at rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm caused significant reductions in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) growth at the high rates of application. Polychlorinated biphenyl decreased plant height in the H₂O₂-treated soil much more than in the untrea ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020021x

9. Corn and Soybean Response to Allelopathic Effects of Weed and Crop Residues

Author:
P. C. Bhowmik; J. D. Doll
Source:
Agronomy journal 1982 v.74 no.4 pp. 601-606
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Echinochloa crus-galli; Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Panicum dichotomiflorum; Setaria faberi; Setaria pumila subsp. pumila; Setaria viridis; Zea mays; aboveground biomass; allelochemicals; allelopathy; annual weeds; coleoptiles; corn; crop residues; crop yield; crops; greenhouses; hypocotyls; perennial weeds; quartz; silt loam soils; soybeans
Abstract:
... Many crop plants and perennial weed species have been known for their allelopathic effects. The question of whether annual weed species can be allelopathic remains unanswered. Consequently, studies were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse, and in the field to determine the allelopathic potential of weed and crop residues (above ground biomass) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans [Glycine max (L.) M ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1982.00021962007400040005x

10. Effects of Short‐Term Selection Along Environmental Gradients on Variation in Populations of Amaranthus Retroflexus and Abutilon Theophrasti

Author:
A. R. Zangerl; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1984 v.65 no.1 pp. 207-217
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; biomass; environmental factors; flowering; genotype; photosynthesis; population size; roots; shoots; soil water; temperature
Abstract:
... This study examines the effects of short—term selection along resource gradients on variation within plant populations. Populations of Amaranthus retroflexus and Abutilon theophrasti were subjected to four generations of selection in the following treatments: soil moisture (low, moderate, or high), diversity of competitor species (low, moderate, or high), and density (low or high). In several case ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939472

11. Niche Partitioning Between Two Phosphoglucoisomerase Genotypes in Amaranthus Retroflexus

Author:
A. R. Zangerl; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1984 v.65 no.1 pp. 218-222
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; alleles; germination; greenhouses; heterozygosity; homozygosity; inbreeding; oxygen; soil water; surveys
Abstract:
... The problem of population variation and its relationship to ecological variability is one of continuing interest to ecologists. The problem is here addressed with experiments on the early successional annual, Amaranthus retroflexus. The germination responses of homozygous genotypes were compared over a range of oxygen concentrations. These genotypes were also compared with respect to their distrib ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939473

12. Water Efficiency of Cassava. II. Differing Sensitivity of Stomata to Air Humidity in Cassava and Other Warm-Climate Species

Author:
Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy; James H. Cock; Alexander A. Held K.
Source:
Crop science 1984 v.24 no.3 pp. 503-507
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Andropogon gayanus; C3 plants; C4 plants; Eucalyptus deglupta; Macroptilium atropurpureum; Manihot esculenta; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; beans; carbon dioxide; cassava; grain sorghum; humidity; leaf conductance; leaf water potential; photosynthesis; rice; stomata; vapor pressure; water use efficiency; weeds; Colombia
Abstract:
... Measurements of CO₂ and H₂0 exchange and the calculated leaf conductance of attached leaves in well-watered plants were conducted over a range of leaf-air vapor pressure differences (VPD) (1.0 to 4.0 kPa) to compare the response of cassava that of other warm-climate species. Species tested were cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), andropogon (Andropogon gayanus Kunth), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400030018x

13. Characteristics of chloroplast thylakoid lipid composition associated with resistance to triazine herbicides

Author:
Chapman, D.J.; De-Felice, J.; Barber, J.
Source:
Planta 1985 v.166 no.2 pp. 280-285
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Senecio vulgaris; lipid content; triazines; thylakoids; Chenopodium album; Poa annua; Amaranthus retroflexus
DOI:
10.1007/BF00397361
PubMed:
24241445

14. Effect of gamma irradiation on allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor against weeds and nitrification

Author:
Alsaadawi, I.S.; Al-Uqaili, J.K.; Al-Hadithy, S.M.; AlRubeaa, A.J.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1985 v.11 no.12 pp. 1737-1745
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; weed control; gamma radiation; nitrification; allelopathy; Amaranthus retroflexus
DOI:
10.1007/BF01012123
PubMed:
24311337

15. Electrophoretic variation in triazine‐resistant and susceptible populations of amaranthus retroflexus l.

Author:
S. I. WARWICK; L. D. BLACK
Source:
new phytologist 1986 v.104 no.4 pp. 661-670
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; atrazine; corn; electrophoresis; enzymes; genetic variation; habitats; latitude; phenotype; prediction; wastelands; Ontario
Abstract:
... Patterns of electrophoretic variation in seven enzyme systems were investigated in one triazine‐resistant and nine susceptible populations of Amaranthus retraflexus L. collected along an 800 km north‐south transect in southern Ontario, Canada. The resistant population occurs in a field in which continuous maize production and intensive use of atrazine had been combined over a 15–year period. The n ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00667.x

16. Neighborhood models of plant population dynamics. 4. Single-species and multispecies models of annuals with dormant seeds

Author:
Pacala, S.W.
Source:
American naturalist 1986 v.128 no.6 pp. 859-878
ISSN:
0003-0147
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; population dynamics; models; seed dormancy; statistical analysis; computer analysis; plant ecology
DOI:
10.1086/284610

17. Glyphosate induction of elevated levels of hydroxybenzoic acids in higher plants

Author:
Lydon, J.; Duke, S.O.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1988 v.36 no.4 pp. 813-818
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
glyphosate; benzoic acids; Amaranthus retroflexus; Lolium perenne; Glycine max; Abutilon theophrasti; Cyperus esculentus
DOI:
10.1021/jf00082a036

18. The Response of Annuals in Competitive Neighborhoods: Effects of Elevated CO2

Author:
F. A. Bazzaz; K. Garbutt
Source:
Ecology 1988 v.69 no.4 pp. 937-946
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; C3 plants; C4 plants; annuals; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; community structure; growth chambers; interspecific variation
Abstract:
... Four members of an annual community were used to investigate the effects of changing neighborhood complexity and increased CO₂ concentration on competitive outcome. Plants were grown in monoculture and in all possible combinations of two, three, and four species in CO₂—controlled growth chambers at CO₂ concentrations of 350, 500, and 700 μL/L with ample moisture and high light. Species responded d ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941249

19. Vegetation Management and Corn Growth and Yield in Untilled Mixed-Species Perennial Sod

Author:
D. D. Buhler; J. C. Mercurio
Source:
Agronomy journal 1988 v.80 no.3 pp. 454-462
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; plant development; weed control; no-tillage; pesticide application; Bromus inermis; perennials; Medicago sativa; Dactylis glomerata; crop yield; Amaranthus retroflexus; Taraxacum officinale; vegetation
Abstract:
... Vegetation management is considered a major limiting factor in the production of no-till corn (Zea mays L.) in mixed species perennial sod. Timing and the degree of sod control may influence corn growth and yield under these conditions. Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI, from 1983 to 1985 to evaluate the control of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), dandelion (Taraxacum oficinale Weber in W ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000030013x

20. Analysis of the Differential Response of Five Annuals to Elevated CO2 during Growth

Author:
K. Garbutt; W. E. Williams; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1990 v.71 no.3 pp. 1185-1194
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; C3 plants; C4 plants; Chenopodium album; Setaria faberi; annuals; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; flowering; flowers; fruits; germination; leaf area; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen content; photosynthesis; physiological response; reproduction; stomatal conductance; water potential; Illinois
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the effects, without competition, of CO₂ on germination, growth, physiological response, and reproduction, we focussed on co—occurring species that are prominent members of an annual community in Illinois. Five species of old field annual plants—Abutilon theophrasti (C₃), Amaranthus retroflexus (C₄), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (C₃), Chenopodium album (C₃), and Setaria faberii ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937386

21. Field Tests of Neighborhood Population Dynamic Models of Two Annual Weed Species

Author:
Stephen W. Pacala; J. A. Silander Jr.
Source:
Ecological monographs 1990 v.60 no.1 pp. 113-134
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; annual weeds; asymmetry; census data; dynamic models; fecundity; germination; leaves; prediction; seed dormancy; survival rate
Abstract:
... We report the results of a 4—yr study of the community dynamics of the annual weed species Abutilon theophrasti (velvet leaf) and Amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed). We calibrated neighborhood population dynamic models for communities of these species in the field and then tested the predictions of the calibrated models against census data from independent observations. We also analyzed the calibrat ...
DOI:
10.2307/1943028

22. Conjugation of 2-chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione: role of molecular structures and of glutathione S-transferase enzymes

Author:
Scarponi, L.; Perucci, P.; Martinetti, L.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1991 v.39 no.11 pp. 2010-2013
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Zea mays; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; shoots; glutathione transferase; chloroacetanilide herbicides; structure-activity relationships
Abstract:
... The conjugation of acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, and propachlor with glutathione nonenzymatically and enzymatically by action of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) was investigated. Shoots of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and lambsquarter (Chenopodi ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf00011a027

23. A comparison of dark respiration between C3 and C4 plants

Author:
Byrd, G.T.; Sage, R.F.; Brown, R.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 191-198
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; carbon dioxide; C3 photosynthesis; nitrogen content; gas exchange; Chenopodium album; nutrient availability; Amaranthus retroflexus; C4 photosynthesis; leaves
Abstract:
... Lower respiratory costs were hypothesized as providing an additional benefit in C4 plants compared to C3 plants due to less investment in proteins in C4 leaves. Therefore, photosynthesis and dark respiration of mature leaves were compared between a number of C4 and C3 Species. Although photosynthetic rates were generally greater in C4 when compared to C3 species, no differences were found in dark ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.191
PubMed:
16652945

24. CO_2 and Temperature Effects on Leaf Area Production in Two Annual Plant Species

Author:
D. D. Ackerly; J. S. Coleman; S. R. Morse; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1992 v.73 no.4 pp. 1260-1269
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; annuals; biomass production; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; leaf area; leaf development; leaves; night temperature; stem nodes
Abstract:
... We studied leaf area production in two annual plant species, Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus, under three day/night temperature regimes (18°/14°, 28°/22°, and 38°/31°C) and two concentrations of carbon dioxide (400 and 700 @mL/L). The production of whole—plant leaf area during the first 30 d of growth was analyzed in terms of the leaf initiation rate, leaf expansion, individual lea ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940674

25. Effects of CO_2 and Temperature on Growth and Resource Use of Co‐Occurring C_3 and C_4 Annuals

Author:
J. S. Coleman; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1992 v.73 no.4 pp. 1244-1259
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; C3 plants; C4 plants; absorption; annuals; biomass production; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; dry matter partitioning; flowering; leaf area; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrients; photosynthesis; plant age; plant response; roots; temperature
Abstract:
... We examined how CO₂ concentrations and temperature interacted to affect growth, resource acquisition, and resource allocation of two annual plants that were supplied with a single pulse of nutrients. Physiological and growth measurements were made on individuals of Abutilon theophrasti (C₃) and Amaranthus retroflexus (C₄) grown in environments with atmospheric CO₂ levels of 400 or 700 @mL/L and wi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940673

26. Phenmedipham + Desmedipham Effects on Sugarbeet

Author:
K. A. Prodoehl; L. G. Campbell; A. G. Dexter
Source:
Agronomy journal 1992 v.84 no.6 pp. 1002-1005
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Beta vulgaris; cultivars; weed control; Amaranthus retroflexus; chemical control; desmedipham; phenmedipham; crop yield; roots; crop quality; sucrose; photosynthesis; application rate; North Dakota
Abstract:
... Phenmedipham + desmedipham [3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3-methylcarbanilate plus ethyl m-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)], is a herbicide which controls a number of broadleaf weeds in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by inhibiting Photosystem II. This hericide also decreases the photosynthetic activity of sugarbeet. Field tests at Fargo, ND, in 1988, 1989, and 1990 determined the effect of phe ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400060019x

27. Application of Weed Seedbank Ecology to Low‐Input Crop Management

Author:
Frank Forcella; Kazem Eradat-Oskoui; Steven W. Wagner
Source:
Ecological applications 1993 v.3 no.1 pp. 74-83
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Glycine max; Zea mays; annual weeds; buried seeds; chemical control; corn; crop management; crop yield; crops; ecology; environmental factors; herbicides; mechanical weed control; models; seed dormancy; seedbeds; seedling emergence; seedlings; soil temperature; soil water; soybeans; tillage; Corn Belt region; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Pesticide use in the United States is concentrated in the Corn Belt, mainly in the form of herbicides on corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). If this chemical load to the environment is to be reduced, without appreciably affecting crop yields, an intimate understanding of weed ecology is necessary. For annual weeds in the U.S. Corn Belt, critical ecological information includes seedbank dens ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941793

28. Cropping History, Tillage, and Herbicide Effects on Weed Flora Composition in Irrigated Corn

Author:
Daniel A. Ball; Stephen D. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.4 pp. 817-821
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
conservation tillage; Phaseolus vulgaris; application rate; weed control; plowing; flora; population density; continuous cropping; Solanum sarrachoides; Zea mays; conventional tillage; botanical composition; irrigated conditions; weeds; crop rotation; Beta vulgaris; herbicides; Setaria viridis; natural resource management; Amaranthus retroflexus; chemical control; cropping sequence; Wyoming
Abstract:
... A change from conventional tillage to a conservation tillage system can lead to shifts in weed species composition. A weed species shift can result in the emergence of weeds tolerant of existing weed management practices. An understanding of crop production effects on weed species shifts can lead to development of improved weed management strategies. Research evaluated the effects of primary tilla ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040007x

29. Responses of soybean and five weed to CO2 enrichment under two temperature regimes

Author:
Tremmel, D.C.; Patterson, D.T.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1993 v.73 no.4 pp. 1249-1260
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Glycine max; weed biology; Sorghum halepense; Elymus repens subsp. repens; Amaranthus retroflexus; Senna obtusifolia; Abutilon theophrasti; temperature; leaf area; crop-weed competition; carbon dioxide; biomass production
DOI:
10.4141/cjps93-164

30. Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on development in soybean and five weeds

Author:
Tremmel, D.C.; Patterson, D.T.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1994 v.74 no.1 pp. 43-50
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
carbon dioxide; Glycine max; tillering; branching; net assimilation rate; Elymus repens subsp. repens; Sorghum halepense; Amaranthus retroflexus; Abutilon theophrasti; temperature; leaves; Senna obtusifolia
DOI:
10.4141/cjps94-009

31. Elevated CO2 and Temperature Alter Recruitment and Size Hierarchies in C3 and C4 Annuals

Author:
S. R. Morse; F. A. Bazzaz
Source:
Ecology 1994 v.75 no.4 pp. 966-975
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; C3 plants; annuals; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; fecundity; flowering; germination; models; plant architecture; population size; population structure; survival rate; temperature
Abstract:
... In order to understand the implications of changes in global CO₂ concentrations and temperature for the growth and fitness of individual plants, performance must be investigated in relation to the performance of other plants within a population. In this study we examined patterns of recruitment, mortality, and size structure of monospecific stands in response to ambient (400 μL/L) and elevated CO₂ ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939420

32. A novel class of herbicides: specific inhibitors of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase

Author:
Mori, I.; Fonne-Pfister, R.; Matsunaga, S.; Tada, S.; Kimura, Y.; Iwasaki, G.; Mano, J.; Hatano, M.; Nakano, T.; Koizumi, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 719-723
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; mechanism of action; Xanthium; Zea mays; weed control; biosynthesis; Hordeum vulgare; triazole herbicides; Echinochloa crus-galli; Chenopodium album; seedlings; phytotoxicity; Sorghum halepense; enzyme inhibitors; Triticum aestivum; structure-activity relationships; Amaranthus retroflexus; histidine; hydro-lyases
Abstract:
... A new mode of herbicidal action was established by finding specific inhibitors of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase, an enzyme of histidine (His) biosynthesis. Three triazole phosphonates inhibited the reaction of the enzyme with Ki values of 40 +/- 6.5, 10 +/- 1.6, and 8.5 +/- 1.4 nM, respectively, and were highly cytotoxic to cultured plant cells. This effect was completely reversed by the ...

33. Comparison crop, herbicide and weed effects on establishment and yields of alfalfa-bromegrass mixture

Author:
Moyer, J.R.; Cole, D.E.; Maurice, D.C.; Darwent, A.L.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1995 v.75 no.1 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
2,4-DB; weed control; forage crops; Bromus inermis; Hordeum vulgare; irrigation; Medicago sativa; plant establishment; longitudinal studies; dry matter accumulation; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; Amaranthus retroflexus; diclofop; Taraxacum officinale; Bromus biebersteinii; companion crops; Alberta
DOI:
10.4141/cjps95-020

34. Contributions to the botany and nutritional value of some wild Amaranthus species (Amaranthaceae) of Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Author:
Wesche-Ebeling, P.; Maiti, R.; Garcia-Diaz, G.; Gonzalez, D.I.; Sosa-Alvarado, F.
Source:
Economic botany 1995 v.49 no.4 pp. 423-430
ISSN:
0013-0001
Subject:
wild plants; protein value; stems; Amaranthus viridis; edible species; Amaranthus blitoides; antinutritional factors; Amaranthus palmeri; Amaranthus retroflexus; proximate composition; roots; leaves; Mexico
Abstract:
... Seeds and plants of Amaranthus have been a source of food for many cultures in the world. Some species can be found as weeds or growing wild under severe climatic and soil conditions, but their potential as food sources has not been studied. The objective of this work was to study the nutritional quality of four wild species ofAmaranthus,A. retroflexus (AR),A. viridis (A V),A. palmeri (AP) andA. b ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02863094

35. Effects of low and elevated CO2 on C3 and C4 annuals. I. Growth and biomass allocation

Author:
Dippery, J.K.; Tissue, D.T.; Thomas, R.B.; Strain, B.R.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.101 no.1 pp. 13-20
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
carbon dioxide; C3 photosynthesis; Amaranthus retroflexus; C4 photosynthesis; Abutilon theophrasti; root shoot ratio; dry matter partitioning; roots; leaves
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328894

36. Effects of low and elevated CO2 on C3 and C4 annuals. II. Photosynthesis and leaf biochemistry

Author:
Tissue, D.T.; Griffin, K.L.; Thomas, R.B.; Strain, B.R.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.101 no.1 pp. 21-28
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; carbon dioxide; ribulose 1,5-diphosphate; C3 photosynthesis; nitrogen content; gas exchange; net assimilation rate; starch; Amaranthus retroflexus; C4 photosynthesis; Abutilon theophrasti; enzyme activity; chlorophyll
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328895

37. Natural Herbicide Potential of Alfalfa Residue on Selected Weed Species

Author:
Ill-Ming Chung; Darrell A. Miller
Source:
Agronomy journal 1995 v.87 no.5 pp. 920-925
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Bromus secalinus; Digitaria sanguinalis; Setaria faberi; herbicidal properties; seed germination; seedling growth; seeds; allelochemicals; Chenopodium album; crop residues; Medicago sativa; dry matter accumulation; height; allelopathy; leaf area; Amaranthus retroflexus; Abutilon theophrasti
Abstract:
... Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) contains water-soluble substances that are toxic to itself (autotoxicity) and to other species (allelopathy). Experiments were conducted to determine the potential of using alfalfa residue as a natural herbicide for inhibition of weed seed germination, seedling growth, and development. Various weed species were germinated in aqueous extracts from dried alfalfa using co ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700050024x

38. Effect of windrow composting on weed seed germination and viability

Author:
Tompkins, D.K.; Chaw, D.; Abiola, A.T.
Source:
Compost science & utilization 1998 v.6 no.1 pp. 30-34
ISSN:
1065-657X
Subject:
seed germination; Avena fatua; Galeopsis tetrahit; viability; seeds; animal manures; composts; Chenopodium album; Galium aparine; Setaria viridis; Bassia scoparia; Tripleurospermum perforatum; Persicaria maculosa; Thlaspi arvense; Amaranthus retroflexus; weeds; composting
DOI:
10.1080/1065657X.1998.10701906

39. Effects of humidity on short-term responses of stomatal conductance to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration

Author:
Bunce, J.A.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1998 v.21 no.1 pp. 115-120
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
carbon dioxide; Glycine max; stomatal conductance; pressure; Helianthus annuus; Hordeum vulgare; humidity; Triticum aestivum; Amaranthus retroflexus; petioles; abscisic acid; temperature; water vapor; Maryland
Abstract:
... The magnitude of the response of stomatal conductance to a change in the concentration of carbon dioxide external to the leaf from 350 to 700 cm3 m-3 was found to be extremely variable from day to day in the field in Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum. It was found that the leaf-to-air water vapour pressure difference (LAVPD) during the midday measurements of the stomatal response ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00253.x

40. Phytoremediation of a Radiocesium-Contaminated Soil: Evaluation of Cesium-137 Bioaccumulation in the Shoots of Three Plant Species

Author:
Mitch M. Lasat; Mark Fuhrmann; Stephen D. Ebbs; Jay E. Cornish; Leon V. Kochian
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1998 v.27 no.1 pp. 165-169
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Brassica juncea; Phaseolus acutifolius var. acutifolius; ammonium nitrate; binding sites; bioaccumulation; biomass production; cesium; field experimentation; leaching; phytoremediation; polluted soils; radionuclides; rhizosphere; shoots
Abstract:
... A field study was conducted to investigate the potential of three plant species for phytoremediation of a ¹³⁷Cs-contaminated site. Approximately 40-fold more ¹³⁷Cs was removed from the contaminated soil in shoots of red root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) than in those of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray). The greater potential for ¹³⁷ ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010023x

41. Changes in germinability, dormancy and viability of Amaranthus retroflexus as affected by depth and duration of burial

Author:
Omami, E.N.; Haigh, A.M.; Medd, R.W.; Nicol, H.I.
Source:
Weed research 1999 v.39 no.5 pp. 345-354
ISSN:
0043-1737
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; seed germination; seed dormancy; viability; soil depth; buried seeds; duration; seasonal variation; ambient temperature; mortality; New South Wales
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00149.x

42. Comparative responses of model C3 and C4 plants to drought in low and elevated CO2

Author:
Ward, J.K.; Tissue, D.T.; Thomas, R.B.; Strain, B.R.
Source:
Global change biology 1999 v.5 no.8 pp. 857-867
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
carbon dioxide; stomatal conductance; leaf area; drought; water stress; leaf water potential; climate change; Amaranthus retroflexus; biomass production; Abutilon theophrasti; photosynthesis
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00270.x

43. Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae): laboratory weed seed predation and within field activity-density

Author:
Carmona, D.M.; Menalled, F.D.; Landis, D.A.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 1999 v.92 no.4 pp. 825-829
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; Digitaria sanguinalis; Setaria faberi; weed control; sampling; Glycine max; Gryllus pennsylvanicus; pitfall traps; seed predation; Medicago sativa; Phleum pratense; seasonal variation; weeds; Amaranthus retroflexus; population density; Abutilon theophrasti; habitats; biological control; Michigan
Abstract:
... Laboratory and field studies were conducted during the summer-fall season of 1997 to evaluate the potential of the field cricket Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister as a weed seed predator in annual crops. Laboratory no-choice tests showed that both male and female G. pennsylvanicus readily accepted and consumed seeds of small and large-seeded annual weeds. In 24 h, female and male G. pennsylvanicus ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/92.4.825

44. Influence of adjuvants on efficacy of imazapic and 2,4-DB

Author:
Jordan, D.L.
Source:
Peanut science 1999 v.26 no.1 pp. 1-4
ISSN:
0095-3679
Subject:
2,4-DB; weed control; adjuvants; Xanthium strumarium; organosilicon compounds; Cassia; Ipomoea hederacea; Ipomoea lacunosa; surfactants; seed oils; Amaranthus retroflexus; field experimentation; Arachis hypogaea; Eclipta prostrata; North Carolina
DOI:
10.3146/i0095-3679-26-1-1

45. Trematophoma lignicola (Petrak): a potential microbial herbicide for control of Amaranthus retroflexus (L.)

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Greaves, M.P.; Down, V.M.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 1999 v.9 no.3 pp. 391-394
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
conidia; seedlings; Deuteromycotina; foliar application; plant pathogenic fungi; Amaranthus retroflexus; mycoherbicides; application rate; mortality; leaves
DOI:
10.1080/09583159929659

46. Weed management in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Author:
Wall, D.A.; Smith, M.A.H.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1999 v.79 no.3 pp. 455-461
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
desmedipham; weed control; crop quality; Sinapis arvensis; phytotoxicity; Linum usitatissimum; Chenopodium album; Fagopyrum esculentum; crop yield; Triticum aestivum; bentazon; Brassica napus; Amaranthus retroflexus; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; application rate; Manitoba
DOI:
10.4141/P98-104

47. Biomass allocation in old-field annual species grown in elevated CO2 environments; no evidence for optimal partitioning

Author:
Bernacchi, C.J.; Coleman, J.S.; Bazzaz, F.A.; McConnaughay, K.D.M.
Source:
Global change biology 2000 v.6 no.7 pp. 855-863
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
interspecific variation; carbon dioxide; plant development; nutrient availability; Chenopodium album; leaf area; plant morphology; Persicaria pensylvanica; Amaranthus retroflexus; Abutilon theophrasti; root shoot ratio; dry matter partitioning; North Carolina
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00370.x

48. Comparison of weed communities in Manitoba ecoregions and crops

Author:
Van Acker, R.C.; Thomas, A.G.; Leeson, J.Y.; Knezevic, S.Z.; Frick, B.L.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2000 v.80 no.4 pp. 963-972
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Avena fatua; Brassica napus; field experimentation; Sinapis arvensis; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; ecosystems; Linum usitatissimum; botanical composition; Cirsium arvense; weeds; Fallopia convolvulus; plant communities; geographical variation; surveys; Setaria viridis; Avena sativa; Amaranthus retroflexus; Manitoba
DOI:
10.4141/P99-175

49. Effects of photoperiod on the phenological development of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

Author:
Huang, J.Z.; Shrestha, A.; Tollenaar, M.; Deen, W.; Rahimian, H.; Swanton, C.J.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2000 v.80 no.4 pp. 929-938
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; photoperiod; phenology; plant development; developmental stages; weed biology; simulation models; spatial distribution
DOI:
10.4141/P99-134

50. Evaluation of Alternaria alternata for biological control of Amaranthus retroflexus

Author:
Ghorbani R.; Seel W.; Litterick A.; Leifert C.
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.4 pp. 474-480
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Amaranthus retroflexus; annual weeds; biological control; crops; developmental stages; dew; emulsions; habitats; mortality; pathogenicity; rapeseed oil; spores; temperature; weed control
Abstract:
... Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a common annual weed worldwide. It can be found in a wide range of habitats and causes substantial yield reduction in many crops mainly through competition. Alternaria spp. are airborne molds that are considered to have potential for the biological control of weeds. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of spore concentration, host-plant growth stage, dew peri ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0474:EOAAFB]2.0.CO;2

51. Factors influencing the efficacy of the potential microbial herbicide Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler on Amaranthus retroflexus (L.)

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Down, V.M.; Greaves, M.P.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2000 v.10 no.1 pp. 81-87
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Alternaria alternata; weed control; biological control agents; emulsions; rapeseed oil; dew; application methods; application rate; mycoherbicides
DOI:
10.1080/09583150029413

52. Glufosinate metabolism in excised shoots and leaves of twenty plant species

Author:
Jansen Carin; Schuphan Ingolf; Schmidt Burkhard
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.3 pp. 319-326
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Geum urbanum; Avena fatua; autoradiography; high performance liquid chromatography; Geranium; propionic acid; glufosinate; Camelina; metabolites; shoots; Fumaria officinalis; Matricaria chamomilla; Daucus carota; Agrostemma githago; Chelidonium majus; Lythrum; carrots; Hyssopus officinalis; cleaning; Malva sylvestris; leaves; Poa pratensis; metabolism; Chenopodium album; Lolium perenne; chamomile; corn; weeds; xylem; Alopecurus myosuroides; acetic acid; phytotoxicity; Alyssum (Brassicaceae); Digitalis purpurea; Galium aparine; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; oats; Amaranthus retroflexus
Abstract:
... The metabolism of the herbicide ¹⁴C-glufosinate (GA) was studied in excised shoots and leaves of 20 weed and nonweed species; GA was fed through the xylem. After 24 or 48 h of incubation, the plant material was examined for phytotoxic symptoms, analyzed by autoradiography, and extracted. The extract was cleaned up and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. GA and its metabolites were ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0319:GMIESA]2.0.CO;2

53. Metribuzin resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album in Greece

Author:
Eleftherohorinos Ilias G.; Vasilakoglou Ioannis B.; Dhima Kico V.
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.1 pp. 69-74
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Solanum tuberosum; biotypes; chlorophyll; cross resistance; electron transfer; field experimentation; fluorescence; greenhouse experimentation; greenhouses; laboratory experimentation; leaves; metribuzin; potatoes; prometryn; weed control; Greece
Abstract:
... Greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments were conducted in northern Greece during 1996, 1997, and 1998 to study possible metribuzin resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) biotypes found in potato fields. The greenhouse experiments indicated that the suspected resistant biotypes (R) of both species were not controlled by metribuzin a ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0069:MRIARA]2.0.CO;2

54. Physiological basis for CGA-248757 and flumiclorac selectivity in five plant species

Author:
Fausey Jason C.; Penner Donald; Renner Karen A.
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.4 pp. 405-411
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Glycine max; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; Zea mays; absorption; acetates; biphenyl; corn; flumiclorac; greenhouses; metabolism; necrosis; protoporphyrinogen oxidase; soybeans; weed control; weight loss
Abstract:
... Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the physiological basis for CGA-248757 and flumiclorac selectivity in five plant species. CGA-248757 and flumiclorac selectively control weeds postemergence (POST) by inhibiting protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox). Injury symptoms from CGA-248757 and flumiclorac include rapid desiccation and necrosis similar to injury from diphenyl ethe ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0405:PBFCAF]2.0.CO;2

55. Rhizobacteria associated with weed seedlings in different cropping systems

Author:
Li Jianmei; Kremer Robert J.
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.6 pp. 734-741
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
minimum tillage; no-tillage; seedlings; Lactuca sativa; wheat; strawberries; production technology; agrochemicals; Fragaria virginiana; Triticum aestivum; ecosystems; screening; organic production; phytotoxins; Setaria faberi; Zea mays; Glycine max; crop production; Ipomoea hederacea; soil organic matter; corn; rhizosphere bacteria; lettuce; cool season grasses; crop rotation; meadows; phytotoxicity; integrated crop management; soybeans; weed hosts; cover crops; Amaranthus retroflexus
Abstract:
... Rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizospheres of dominant weed species in six representative cropping systems and one native prairie ecosystem in mid-Missouri were screened for phytotoxicity on Lactuca sativa seedlings and their host plants in the laboratory. The proportions of deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) were compared among different cropping systems to determine possible effects of crop manag ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0734:RAWWSI]2.0.CO;2

56. Spatial and temporal stability of weed populations over five years

Author:
Colbach Nathalie; Forcella Frank; Johnson Gregg A.
Source:
Weed science 2000 v.48 no.3 pp. 366-377
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Asclepias syriaca; Chenopodium album; Cirsium arvense; Elymus repens subsp. repens; Glycine max; Setaria viridis; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; annuals; crops; geostatistics; harvesting; longevity; no-tillage; perennial weeds; perennials; seedlings; seeds; soybeans; temporal variation
Abstract:
... The size, location, and variation in time of weed patches within an arable field were analyzed with the ultimate goal of simplifying weed mapping. Annual and perennial weeds were sampled yearly from 1993 to 1997 at 410 permanent grid points in a 1.3-ha no-till field sown to row crops each year. Geostatistical techniques were used to examine the data as follows: (1) spatial structure within years; ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0366:SATSOW]2.0.CO;2

57. The impact of elevated CO₂ on yield loss from a C₃ and C₄ weed in field-grown soybean

Author:
Ziska, L.H.
Source:
Global change biology 2000 v.6 no.8 pp. 899-905
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Glycine max; Chenopodium album; Amaranthus retroflexus; crop-weed competition; crop yield; plant density; carbon dioxide; seed productivity; C3 plants; C4 plants; Maryland
Handle:
10113/40588

58. ALS inhibitor resistance in populations of Powell amaranth and redroot pigweed

Author:
Ferguson Gabrielle M.; Hamill Allan S.; Tardif Franççois J.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.4 pp. 448-453
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus powellii; Amaranthus retroflexus; at-risk population; cross resistance; farmers; flumetsulam; imazethapyr; thifensulfuron; weed science; Ontario
Abstract:
... In 1997, farmers in Ontario, Canada, reported failure of some ALS-inhibiting herbicides to provide adequate control of pigweed species. Growth room experiments were conducted to confirm resistance to ALS inhibitors in populations of Powell amaranth and redroot pigweed. Twenty-two out of 35 collected seed samples were able to grow in the presence of soil-applied imazethapyr or flumetsulam. Dose––re ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0448:AIRIPO]2.0.CO;2

59. Activity and persistence of sorgoleone, a long-chain hydroquinone produced by Sorghum bicolor

Author:
Weston, L.A.; Czarnota, M.A.
Source:
Journal of crop production 2001 v.4 no.2 pp. 363-377
ISSN:
1092-678X
Subject:
atrazine; application timing; metribuzin; herbicide-resistant weeds; structure-activity relationships; shoots; hydroquinone; germplasm; allelochemicals; plant genetic resources; diuron; biomass production; root systems; biosynthesis; thylakoids; root exudates; photosystem II; Amaranthus retroflexus; Sorghum bicolor; chemical constituents of plants
DOI:
10.1300/J144v04n02_17

60. Changes in weed community composition as influenced by cover crop and management system in continuous corn

Author:
Bààrberi Paolo; Mazzoncini Marco
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.4 pp. 491-499
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Secale cereale; Solanum nigrum; Trifolium incarnatum; Trifolium subterraneum; Zea mays; biomass; community structure; corn; cover crops; crop management; developmental stages; dicamba; glyphosate; leaves; nicosulfuron; no-tillage; planting; plowing; rye; stubble; terbuthylazine; weeds
Abstract:
... Weed suppression by cover crops grown during the winter fallow period in continuous corn may lead to a reduction in herbicide use. Rye, crimson clover, and subterranean clover cover crops were compared with corn stubble under a conventional management system (CS) that included plowing and use of preemergence residual herbicides and a low-input management system (LIS) that included no-tillage and u ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0491:CIWCCA]2.0.CO;2

61. Critical period of weed control in spring canola

Author:
Martin Steven G.; Van Acker Rene C.; Friesen Lyle F.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.3 pp. 326-333
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Avena fatua; Brassica napus; Chenopodium album; Echinochloa crus-galli; Elymus repens subsp. repens; Fallopia convolvulus; Galeopsis tetrahit; Hordeum vulgare; Linum usitatissimum; Malva pusilla; Polygonum; Portulaca; Setaria pumila subsp. pumila; Setaria viridis; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; Taraxacum officinale; Thlaspi arvense; Triticum aestivum; barley; biomass; buckwheat; canola; crop yield; diquat; flax; glufosinate; glyphosate; oats; portion size; postemergent weed control; shoots; terbufos; weeds; wheat; Manitoba
Abstract:
... The critical period of weed control is the portion of the life cycle of a crop during which it must be kept weed-free to prevent yield loss due to weed interference. The advent of herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) varieties in western Canada has meant that there are now more options for postemergence weed control in canola, and this has prompted increased interest in identifying the o ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0326:CPOWCI]2.0.CO;2

62. Effects of storage on viability and efficacy of granular formulations of the microbial herbicides Alternaria alternata and Trematophoma lignicola

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Down, V.M.; Greaves, M.P.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2001 v.11 no.2 pp. 283-295
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Deuteromycotina; Amaranthus retroflexus; storage; duration; granules; viability; inoculum density; conidia; soil microorganisms; pathogenicity; mycoherbicides
DOI:
10.1080/09583150120035701

63. Efficacy of Trematophoma lignicola Petrak as a biological control agent for Amaranthus retroflexus L

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Agallou, E.; Greaves, M.P.; Down, V.M.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2001 v.11 no.5 pp. 583-595
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
plant diseases and disorders; conidia; biological control agents; host plants; air temperature; pathogenicity; Amaranthus retroflexus; spore germination; mycoherbicides; biological control
Abstract:
... The pathogenicity of Trematophoma lignicola on Amaranthus retroflexus was increased when its conidia were formulated in oilseed rape emulsion. However, this formulation did not reduce the dew period required to allow conidial germination and infection of the host, nor did it protect the conidia from desiccation before the onset of dew. The fungus gave effective control of A. retroflexus plants up ...
DOI:
10.1080/09583150120076148

64. Eliminating soil disturbance reduces post-alfalfa summer annual weed populations

Author:
Ominski, P.D.; Entz, M.H.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2001 v.81 no.4 pp. 881-884
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
crop production; weed control; application timing; no-tillage; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; Chenopodium album; Medicago sativa; Setaria viridis; herbicides; Amaranthus retroflexus; crop rotation; disturbed soils; Manitoba
DOI:
10.4141/P01-042

65. Environmental effects on CGA-248757 and flumiclorac efficacy/soybean tolerance

Author:
Fausey Jason C.; Renner Karen A.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.5 pp. 668-674
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Glycine max; dew; environmental factors; flumiclorac; herbicidal properties; light intensity; relative humidity; soybeans; temperature; weed control
Abstract:
... The effect temperature, light intensity, time to initial light exposure, relative humidity, and the presence of dew have on CGA-248757 and flumiclorac efficacy was evaluated in laboratory trials. Increasing temperature from 10 to 40 C increased CGA-248757 and flumiclorac activity on common lambsquarters by 79 and 87%%, respectively. Similarly, increasing temperature from 10 to 40 C increased CGA-2 ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0668:EEOCAF]2.0.CO;2

66. Feasibility of phytoextraction to clean up low-level uranium-contaminated soil

Author:
Vandenhove, H.; Hees, M. van.; Winckel, S. van.
Source:
International journal of phytoremediation 2001 v.3 no.3 pp. 301-320
ISSN:
1522-6514
Subject:
Lolium perenne; Brassica juncea; Amaranthus retroflexus; uranium; polluted soils; bioremediation; sandy soils; citric acid; bicarbonates; soil treatment; dry matter accumulation; soil pollution
DOI:
10.1080/15226510108500061

67. Glufosinate efficacy, absorption, and translocation in amaranth as affected by relative humidity and temperature

Author:
Coetzer Elméé; Al-Khatib Kassim; Loughin Thomas M.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.1 pp. 8-13
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus palmeri; Amaranthus retroflexus; Amaranthus tuberculatus; absorption; application rate; glufosinate; growth chambers; leaves; relative humidity; temperature; toxicity; weed science; Brazil
Abstract:
... Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of relative humidity and temperature on the efficacy, absorption, and translocation of glufosinate at 205, 410, and 820 g ha⁻¹ in Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and common waterhemp. Low relative humidity decreased control of all three species by glufosinate. However, control increased as application rate increased at low relativ ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0008:GEAATI]2.0.CO;2

68. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition

Author:
Barberi, P.; Lo Cascio, B.
Source:
Weed research 2001 v.41 no.4 pp. 325-340
ISSN:
0043-1737
Subject:
weed control; Cajanus cajan; seeds; no-tillage; long term experiments; plowing; botanical composition; chiseling; soil depth; Triticum aestivum; Conyza canadensis; Amaranthus retroflexus; crop rotation
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00241.x

69. Relative time of redroot pigweed emergence affects dry matter partitioning

Author:
Knezevic Stevan Z.; Vanderlip Richard L.; Horak Michael J.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.5 pp. 617-621
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Echinochloa crus-galli; Sorghum bicolor; developmental stages; dry matter partitioning; leaves; partition coefficients; plant density; vegetative growth; weed science; Kansas
Abstract:
... The partitioning coefficient is defined as the proportion of new dry matter partitioned among different plant parts. Partitioning coefficients can be used to model plant dry matter accumulation. In 1994 and 1995, field studies were conducted at two locations near Manhattan, KS, to determine the influence of density and relative time of emergence of redroot pigweed on dry matter partitioning to ste ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0617:RTORPE]2.0.CO;2

70. Seedling establishment early on an abandoned field

Author:
J. Štolcová
Source:
Plant Protection Science v.37 no.3 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
1212-2580
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Echinochloa crus-galli; Lamium amplexicaule; Silene noctiflora; Thlaspi arvense; autumn; dominant species; plant establishment; plant protection; species diversity; spring; weeds
Abstract:
... The effect of sporadic cultivation on seedling establishment on a field abandoned for 1–4 years was investigated in small-plot trials at Prague-Ruzyně in the spring periods 1993–1995. Cultivation included autumn ploughing, spring harrowing and rolling on all plots that were subsequently left to spontaneous weed infestation. Some plots were then mowed or shallowly cultivated in mid-June and late Ju ...
DOI:
10.17221/8375-pps

71. Sulometuron-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus: cross-resistance and molecular basis for resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides

Author:
Sibony, M.; Michel, A.; Haas, H.U.; Rubin, B.; Hurle, K.
Source:
Weed research 2001 v.41 no.6 pp. 509-522
ISSN:
0043-1737
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; sulfometuron; herbicide-resistant weeds; cross resistance; biotypes; simazine; lethal dose; bioassays; roots; nucleotide sequences; genes; amino acid sequences; proline; application timing; herbicide resistance; Israel
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00254.x

72. Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

Author:
Blackshaw, R.E.; Larney, F.J.; Lindwall, C.W.; Watson, P.R.; Derksen, D.A.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2001 v.81 no.4 pp. 805-813
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Salsola tragus; no-tillage; seasonal variation; Descurainia sophia; Lens culinaris; weed control; Sinapis arvensis; Bassia scoparia; Triticum aestivum; Taraxacum officinale; Sonchus arvensis; crop production; Linum usitatissimum; Chenopodium album; fallow; stand density; Cirsium arvense; species diversity; Thlaspi arvense; crop rotation; Fallopia convolvulus; Bromus tectorum; Amaranthus retroflexus; Alberta
DOI:
10.4141/P01-023

73. Weed management and crop rotations influence populations of several broadleaf weeds

Author:
Manley Brian S.; Wilson Henry P.; Hines Thomas E.
Source:
Weed science 2001 v.49 no.1 pp. 106-122
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus hybridus; Amaranthus retroflexus; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Datura stramonium; Glycine max; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; Zea mays; acetolactate synthase; atrazine; broadleaf weeds; butylate; corn; crop rotation; crop yield; fomesafen; rain; researchers; soybeans; tomatoes; weed control
Abstract:
... In studies conducted from 1991 through 1994, researchers investigated the effects of several crop rotations and herbicide programs on crop yield and populations of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Amaranthus spp., and jimsonweed at two sites. Crop rotations included continuous corn, continuous soybean, corn––soybean, and corn––tomato––soybean, and herbicide programs were the split-plots and i ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0106:WMACRI]2.0.CO;2

74. Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbanks

Author:
Cardina John; Herms Catherine P.; Doohan Douglas J.
Source:
Weed science 2002 v.50 no.4 pp. 448-460
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
no-tillage; Oxalis; Persicaria pensylvanica; Veronica; Capsella bursa-pastoris; hay; Euphorbia maculata; Setaria faberi; Zea mays; Glycine max; seeds; Chenopodium album; corn; species diversity; weeds; crop rotation; plant communities; oats; herbicides; soybeans; growing season; plows; Avena sativa; Amaranthus retroflexus; crops; Ohio; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... We characterized the size and species composition of the weed seedbank after 35 yr of continuous crop rotation and tillage system treatments at two locations in Ohio. Spring seedbanks were monitored during 1997, 1998, and 1999 in continuous corn (CCC), corn––soybean (CS), and corn––oats––hay (COH) rotations in moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), and no-tillage (NT) plots where the same herbicid ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0448:CRATSE]2.0.CO;2

75. Development of Redroot Pigweed Is Influenced by Light Spectral Quality and Quantity

Author:
Irena Rajcan; Majid AghaAlikhani; Clarence J. Swanton; Matthijs Tollenaar
Source:
Crop science 2002 v.42 no.6 pp. 1930-1936
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; canopy; dry matter accumulation; flowering; leaves; light quality; phenology; photons; photoperiod; photosynthesis; plant height; seed set; weeds
Abstract:
... Light quantity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and quality (red:far-red ratio, R:FR) may affect phenological development of weed species growing under a crop canopy. An indoor study was conducted to quantify the effects of incident PPFD and R:FR on development and dry matter accumulation of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Pigweed was grown in growth cabinets from the one-le ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2002.1930

76. Development of redroot pigweed is influenced by light spectral quality and quantity

Author:
Rajcan, I.; AghaAlikhani, M.; Swanton, C.J.; Tollenaar, M.
Source:
Crop science 2002 v.42 no.6 pp. 1930-1936
ISSN:
1435-0653
Subject:
far-red light; plant development; stems; phenology; light intensity; weeds; red light; Amaranthus retroflexus; wavelengths; dry matter partitioning
Abstract:
... Light quantity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and quality (red:far-red ratio, R:FR) may affect phenological development of weed species growing under a crop canopy. An indoor study was conducted to quantify the effects of incident PPFD and R:FR on development and dry matter accumulation of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Pigweed was grown in growth cabinets from the one-le ...

77. Differential susceptibility of agricultural weeds to ultraviolet-B radiation

Author:
Furness, N.H.; Upadhyaya, M.K.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2002 v.82 no.4 pp. 789-796
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
seedling growth; greenhouses; tillering; Capsella bursa-pastoris; Chenopodium album; seedlings; shoots; Setaria viridis; leaf area; scanning electron microscopy; Persicaria maculosa; Amaranthus retroflexus; weeds; biomass; ultraviolet radiation; Stellaria media; leaves; crops
Abstract:
... Differential morphological sensitivity of weed species to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (290-320 nm) may alter competitive relationships among weeds and associated crop species as the level of this radiation changes. In order to determine relative sensitivity of common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.], green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria L.), lamb's-quarte ...
DOI:
10.4141/P01-174

78. Effect of in-row cultivation, herbicides, and dry bean canopy on weed seedling emergence

Author:
Amador-Ramirez Mario D.; Wilson Robert G.; Martin Alex R.
Source:
Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 370-377
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale; Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum; Solanum sarrachoides; canopy; disturbed soils; dry beans; equations; ethalfluralin; field experimentation; growing season; heat sums; hoeing; in-row tillage; seedling emergence; seedlings; weeds
Abstract:
... Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the effect of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) plus ethalfluralin at 2.4 plus 0.83 kg ai ha⁻⁻¹, rotary hoeing, in-row cultivation, rotary hoeing plus in-row cultivation, and dry bean canopy on weed seedling emergence. Cumulative weed emergence in 1996 and 1997 was similar in cropped and noncropped areas. Herbicides were more effec ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0370:EOIRCH]2.0.CO;2

79. Identification of ALS inhibitor-resistant Amaranthus biotypes using polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific alleles

Author:
Wagner, J.; Haas, H.U.; Hurle, K.
Source:
Weed research 2002 v.42 no.4 pp. 280-286
ISSN:
0043-1737
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; herbicide resistance; herbicide-resistant weeds; mechanism of action; acetolactate synthase; polymerase chain reaction; biotypes; genetic markers; detection; alleles; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; mutation
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00285.x

80. Investigation of spray application of microbial herbicides using Alternaria alternata on Amaranthus retroflexus

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Greaves, M.P.; Down, V.M.; Western, N.M.; Jaques, S.J.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2002 v.12 no.4 pp. 469-479
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Alternaria alternata; biological control; spraying; spatial distribution; conidia; volume; spore germination; leaves
Abstract:
... Inclusion of Alternaria alternata conidia in a spray formulation affected the distribution pattern on the target. The dry weight of Amaranthus retroflexus plants was reduced by more than 83% when A. alternata conidia (10(7) ml(-1)) were applied at 200 L ha(-1) or greater and when given a 24 h dew period. At low application volumes (25 or 50 L ha(-1)) plant dry weight was reduced by only 29 or 54%. ...
DOI:
10.1080/09583150220146086

81. On the mechanism of selectivity of the corn herbicide BAS 662H: a combination of the novel auxin transport inhibitor diflufenzopyr and the auxin herbicide dicamba

Author:
Grossmann, Klaus; Caspar, Gunter; Kwiatkowski, Jacek; Bowe, Steven J.
Source:
Pest management science 2002 v.58 no.10 pp. 1002-1014
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Galium aparine; Zea mays; abscisic acid; broadleaf weeds; corn; dicamba; diflufenzopyr; ethylene production; foliar uptake; growth retardation; herbicidal properties; hydrogen peroxide; metabolism; naphthaleneacetic acid; picloram; quinclorac; shoots; weed control
Abstract:
... BAS 662H, a 1:2.5 combination of the semicarbazone-type auxin transport inhibitor diflufenzopyr and the auxin herbicide dicamba, is used as a post-emergence herbicide in corn. The combination has been observed to provide more effective broadleaf weed control and improved tolerance in corn than typical rates of dicamba used alone. In order to analyze this phenomenon, the uptake, translocation, meta ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.549

82. Outdoor studies of the efficacy of Alternaria alternata in controlling Amaranthus retroflexus

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Greaves, M.P.; Down, V.M.; Morales-Aza, B.; Lewis, J.M.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2002 v.12 no.1 pp. 83-94
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; weed control; Alternaria alternata; biological control; conidia; weight; mortality; Triticum aestivum; leaves; viability; spore germination; crop-weed competition; microclimate; application rate; mycoherbicides; biomass production
Abstract:
... Application of 250 L ha-1 containing 10(7) Alternaria alternata conidia ml-1 caused 61% reduction in dry weight and a 45% mortality in Amaranthus retroflexus plants growing in a wheat crop. However, only 10-20% of the applied conidia were retained on the leaf. In one experiment, conidia remained viable for 4 days on the leaf surface until conditions were favourable for germination. Competition fro ...
DOI:
10.1080/09583150120110671

83. Studies of spray application of microbial herbicides in relation to conidial propagule content of spray droplets and retention on target

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Greaves, M.P.; Down, V.M.; Western, N.M.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 2002 v.12 no.1 pp. 107-119
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; spraying; conidia; droplets; hypocotyls; developmental stages; nozzles; inoculum density; mycelium; crops; canopy; mycoherbicides
Abstract:
... This paper addresses the hypothesis that the spray application system used will affect the retention of spray deposits of microbial herbicides on different plant structures. There was greater spray retention on the hypocotyl of 4 to 6-true leaf Amaranthus retroflexus plants (20-31%) sprayed with an aerosol-producing laboratory sprayer than with a hydraulic nozzle (3-5%). Spray deposition and reten ...
DOI:
10.1080/09583150120110699

84. Uptake of Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 from Contaminated Soil by Three Plant Species; Application to Phytoremediation

Author:
Mark Fuhrmann; Mitch M. Lasat; Stephen D. Ebbs; Leon V. Kochian; Jay Cornish
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2002 v.31 no.3 pp. 904-909
ISSN:
1537-2537
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Brassica juncea; Phaseolus acutifolius var. acutifolius; biomass; crops; field experimentation; phytoremediation; planting; polluted soils; radionuclides
Abstract:
... A field test was conducted to determine the ability of three plant species to extract ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr from contaminated soil. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) were planted in a series of spatially randomized cells in soil that was contaminated in the 1950s and 1960s. We examined the potential f ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2002.9040

85. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with snap beans

Author:
Aguyoh Joesph N.; Masiunas John B.
Source:
Weed science 2003 v.51 no.2 pp. 202-207
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; biomass; crop yield; equations; green beans; growers; leaves; weeds
Abstract:
... Snap beans are a common processing vegetable whose yield and quality can be reduced when a few weeds emerge with or soon after the crop. The effect of redroot pigweed's emergence time and density on snap bean growth and yield was studied. Redroot pigweed, at four densities, was seeded with snap beans (early) or at the first trifoliate leaf stage (late). In 1998 the yield loss at 8 redroot pigweed ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0202:IORPAR]2.0.CO;2

86. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis) in soybean

Author:
Bensch Curtis N.; Horak Michael J.; Peterson Dallas
Source:
Weed science 2003 v.51 no.1 pp. 37-43
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
planting date; models; soybeans; cotyledons; crop yield; weeds; Amaranthus retroflexus; biomass
Abstract:
... Field studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 at Manhattan and Topeka, KS, to examine the competitive effects of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp on soybean yield. The experiments were established as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed species, two pigweed planting dates (soybean planting and cotyledon stage), and seven weed densitie ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0037:IORPAR]2.0.CO;2

87. Predispersal seed predation of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Author:
DeSousa Nancy; Griffiths Jason T.; Swanton Clarence J.
Source:
Weed science 2003 v.51 no.1 pp. 60-68
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Coleophora; biomass; canopy; corn; field experimentation; inflorescences; larvae; planting; population density; row spacing; seed predation; seeds; shade; weeds
Abstract:
... Field experiments were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to determine if (1) seed predation of redroot pigweed plants occurred in agricultural fields, (2) corn-cropping patterns could be manipulated to influence the quantity of weed seed predation, and (3) alterations in corn canopies affected the microenvironment, possibly influencing predator populations. Corn was planted in standard (75 cm) or narrow ...
DOI:
10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0060:PSPORP]2.0.CO;2

88. Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis)

Author:
Guo Peiguo; Al-Khatib Kassim
Source:
Weed science 2003 v.51 no.6 pp. 869-875
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; biomass; heat treatment; night temperature; root growth; seed germination; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on seed germination and growth of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp. At 15/10 C day and night temperature, respectively, no seed germination was observed in any species. Seed germination increased gradually as temperature increased. Germination peaked at 25/20 C in common waterhemp and at 35/30 C in redroot pig ...
DOI:
10.1614/P2002-127

89. The ecological fitness of ALS-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus and multiple-resistant Amaranthus blitoides

Author:
Sibony, M.; Rubin, B.
Source:
Weed research 2003 v.43 no.1 pp. 40-47
ISSN:
0043-1737
Subject:
seed germination; biomass production; Amaranthus blitoides; height; acetolactate synthase; herbicide-resistant weeds; enzyme inhibitors; triazine herbicides; biotypes; Amaranthus retroflexus; seed productivity; herbicide resistance; shoots
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00315.x

90. The involvement of ethylene in the release of primary dormancy in Amaranthus retroflexus seeds

Author:
Kepczynski, J.; Kepczynska, E.; Bihun, M.
Source:
Plant growth regulation 2003 v.39 no.1 pp. 57-62
ISSN:
0167-6903
Subject:
seed germination; seed dormancy; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ethylene; dose response; biosynthesis; seeds; quantitative analysis; chemical constituents of plants; aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase; dormancy breaking; Amaranthus retroflexus; gibberellins; abscisic acid; temperature; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Primary dormancy in A. retroflexus seeds was completely broken by dry storage or ethylene treatment and partially removed with GA3. Norbornadiene counteracted the dormancy breaking action of ethylene and GA3. The GA3 effect was lowered by cobaltous ions. ABA increased the ethylene requirement in primary dormant seeds. Dormant seeds had a similar or different ability to produce ethylene and ACC oxi ...

91. Responses of in vitro cultured kiwifruit shoots to treatments with green amaranth aqueous extracts

Author:
Marino, G.; Hernandez, M.; Lucchi, A.; Rombola, A.
Source:
Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology 2004 v.79 no.5 pp. 759-763
ISSN:
1462-0316
Subject:
Actinidia deliciosa; kiwifruit; shoots; plant nutrition; nutrient requirements; iron; nutrient deficiencies; chlorosis; in vitro culture; callus; cell growth; plant extracts; Amaranthus retroflexus

92. Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-cyano-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylates

Author:
Wang, Q.; Li, H.; Li, Y.; Huang, R.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2004 v.52 no.7 pp. 1918-1922
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
herbicides; synthesis; herbicidal properties; photosystem II; metabolic inhibitors; Medicago sativa; Brassica napus; rapeseed; Amaranthus retroflexus; weeds; structure-activity relationships; application rate; preemergent weed control; postemergent weed control
Abstract:
... A series of 2-cyano-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylates were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of PSII electron transport. All of these compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities. In particular, (Z)-ethoxyethyl 2-cyano-3-isopropyl-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methylaminoacrylate showed excellent herbicidal activities even at a dose of 75 g/ha. A suitable group at the 3-position of acryl ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf035312a

93. The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L.

Author:
M. Costea; S. E. Weaver; F. J. Tardif
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2004 v.84 no.2 pp. 631-668
ISSN:
1918-1833
Subject:
weed biology; geographical distribution; plant growth; Amaranthus powellii; herbicide resistance; alternative hosts; Amaranthus retroflexus; invasive species; noxious weeds; Amaranthus hybridus; Canada
Abstract:
... A review of the biological information published after 1980 is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. The three species are noxious weeds introduced to Canada from southern North America. Their geographical distribution has remained almost unchanged since the original paper published in 1980. The plants exhibit a high phenoty ...
DOI:
10.4141/P02-183

94. UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation

Author:
Dai, Q.; Furness, N.H.; Upadhyaya, M.K.
Source:
Weed biology and management 2004 v.4 no.2 pp. 95-102
ISSN:
1444-6162
Subject:
weed biology; plant damage; Erodium cicutarium; radiation injury; Bromus tectorum; Persicaria lapathifolia; Hypochaeris radicata; Amaranthus retroflexus; ultraviolet radiation; Stellaria media; radiation resistance; leaves
DOI:
10.1111/j.1445-6664.2004.00125.x

95. Alternative soil solarization treatments for the control of soil-borne diseases and weeds of strawberry in the western Anatolia of Turkey

Author:
Benlioglu, S.; Boz, O.; Yildiz, A.; Kaskavalci, G.; Benlioglu, K.
Source:
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 2005 v.153 no.7-8 pp. 423-430
ISSN:
0931-1785
Subject:
Rhizoctonia; Phytophthora cactorum; plant pathogenic fungi; fungal diseases of plants; disease control; weed control; Poa annua; Portulaca oleracea; Amaranthus retroflexus; Echinochloa crus-galli; Conyza canadensis; Fragaria ananassa; strawberries; crop yield; fruit crops; soil solarization; poultry manure; soil amendments; methyl bromide; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; metam; Turkey (country)
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00995.x

96. Broadleaf Weed Control in Field Corn with Postemergence Herbicides

Author:
Richard N. Arnold; Dan Smeal; Michael K. O'Neill
Source:
Crop management 2005 v.4 no.1 pp. 0
ISSN:
1543-7833
Subject:
weeds; postemergent weed control; Amaranthus retroflexus; Amaranthus blitoides; Solanum nigrum; Chenopodium album; Salsola tragus; herbicides; pesticide mixtures; application rate; fields; Zea mays; corn; grain yield; New Mexico
Abstract:
... A two-year study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, NM to evaluate postemergence herbicides for control of redroot and prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Amaranthusblitoides S. Wats.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), and Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen ...
DOI:
10.1094/CM-2005-0224-01-RS

97. Effect of cover-cropping systems on invertebrate seed predation

Author:
Gallandt Eric R.; Molloy Thomas; Lynch Ryan P.; Drummond Francis A.
Source:
Weed science 2005 v.53 no.1 pp. 69-76
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Galinsoga quadriradiata; Harpalus rufipes; Setaria pumila subsp. pumila; Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis; Trifolium pratense; correlation; cover crops; cropping systems; habitats; invertebrates; planting; predators; seed predation; seeds; soil; trapping; vertebrates; weed control; weeds
Abstract:
... Contrasting cover-cropping systems were compared to determine whether fundamental differences in cover-cropping strategies affect weed seed predators and resulting seed predation. We conducted typical ““feeding”” trials in which 25 seeds of each of six weed species, including velvetleaf, wild mustard, yellow foxtail, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and hairy galinsoga, were placed in the fi ...
DOI:
10.1614/WS-04-095R

98. Glyphosate-resistant spring wheat production system effects on weed communities

Author:
Harker K. Neil; Clayton George W.; Blackshaw Robert E.; O'Donovan John T.; Lupwayi Newton Z.; Johnson Eric N.; Gan Yantai; Zentner Robert P.; Lafond Guy P.; Irvine R. Byron
Source:
Weed science 2005 v.53 no.4 pp. 451-464
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Avena fatua; Brassica napus; Cirsium arvense; Lamium amplexicaule; Malva pusilla; Pisum sativum; Polygonum; Setaria viridis; Sonchus arvensis; Sonchus asper; Sonchus oleraceus; Triticum aestivum; buckwheat; canola; conventional tillage; crop production; cropping systems; crops; direct seeding; discriminant analysis; glyphosate; herbicide resistance; oats; peas; pesticide application; risk; spring wheat; weed control; weeds; Canada
Abstract:
... Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops are produced over large areas in North America. A study was conducted at six western Canada research sites to determine seed date and tillage system effects on weed populations in GR spring wheat and canola cropping systems from 2000 to 2003. Four-year wheat––canola––wheat––pea rotations were devised with varying levels of GR crops in the rotation. Weed populations ...
DOI:
10.1614/WS-04-105R1

99. Growth and Fecundity of Several Weed Species in Corn and Soybean

Author:
S. A. Clay; J. Kleinjan; D. E. Clay; F. Forcella; W. Batchelor
Source:
Agronomy journal 2005 v.97 no.1 pp. 294-302
ISSN:
1435-0645
Subject:
Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Echinochloa crus-galli; agronomy; biomass; buried seeds; canopy; corn; crop yield; fecundity; sowing; soybeans; weeds
Abstract:
... Do weeds that emerge later in the season justify additional control costs? If crop yield is not reduced or few or no seeds are added to the soil seed bank, then no control may be needed. Eight weed species were sown in corn (L.) and soybean [ (L.) Merr.] (i) before crop emergence, (ii) at crop emergence, (iii) at V-1, and (iv) at V-2 stages of crop growth in 2002 and 2003. Weed seed was sown close ...

100. Host suitability of two Ghanaian biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on five common tropical weeds

Author:
K. K. Gachoka; D. Obeng-Ofori; E. Y. Danquah
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2005 v.25 no.4 pp. 236-244
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Begomovirus; Bemisia tabaci; Chromolaena odorata; Desmodium tortuosum; Euphorbia heterophylla; adults; arthropods; biotypes; cassava; disease vectors; eggs; fecundity; females; genetic variation; host preferences; hosts; males; okra; progeny; pupae; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; survival rate; viruses; weeds; Ghana
Abstract:
... The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a pest of diverse agricultural systems worldwide, owing to its capacity to transmit viruses, both intraspecific and host-associated variations. In Ghana, it is the only known arthropod vector for cassava-infecting begomoviruses (Geminiviridae). Two genetic variants of B. tabaci, previously characterized by RAPD–PCR and subsequently reared on ...
DOI:
10.1079/IJT200583