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botanical composition; vegetation cover; data analysis; remote sensing; accuracy; stand structure; forests; Lassen National Forest; California; Modoc National Forest
Abstract:
... The accuracy of a northeastern California vegetation map was assessed using the data from a grid of permanent Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots collected by Region 5 and the Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW). The map was assessed in three parts: the Modoc National Forest, the Lassen National Forest and the lands outside National Forest boundaries. Accuracy was assessed hierarchicall ...
image analysis; forested watersheds; geographic information systems; technology transfer; geospatial data processing; soil erosion models; remote sensing; forest fires; global positioning systems; water erosion; forests; Mendocino National Forest; California
chaparral; wildland fire management; fire regime; fuels (fire ecology); wildfires; history; geographical distribution; wildland-urban interface; stand characteristics; age; California
Abstract:
... Chaparral is an intermediate fire-return interval (FRI) system, which typically burns with high-intensity crown fires. Although it covers only perhaps 10% of the state of California, and smaller areas in neighboring states, its importance in terms of fire management is disproportionately large, primarily because it occurs in the wildland-urban interface through much of its range. Historic fire reg ...
Oryza sativa; plant development; stems; branching; California
Abstract:
... The term branching refers to the production of shoots at the nodes on the main and secondary culms of rice. It is of no economic importance in the California rice fields. At the Biggs Rice Field Station, under certain conditions, branching is quite common in early maturing varieties. In California branching is most intimately connected with early maturity and ample space for the plant development. ...
water content; Oryza sativa; varieties; seed germination; temperature; fungicides; California
Abstract:
... The results of these experiments indicate: Seeds of some rice varieties are more resistant to deterioration during long exposure under water at low temperatures than those of other varieties. Colusa, Wataribune, and Early Prolific appear to be the most resistant of the varieties used in these experiments. An exposure of eight hours under water at 100 degrees to 118 degrees F. in each 24-hour day g ...
variety trials; Hordeum vulgare; early development; crop yield; coasts; California
Abstract:
... Coast barley was the earliest type of this cereal grown in California and was first introduced during the period of Spanish settlement. Its cultivation spread over the entire state and over the far western mountain region where it has been the principal variety for decades. Before the World War almost all of the annual barley crop in California consisted of Coast barley. It now shares honors with ...
crossing; Oryza sativa; variety trials; inheritance (genetics); California
Abstract:
... 1. The crosses Butte X Colusa and Colusa X Italian Red were used in the study of the inheritance of awnedness reported in this paper. Butte is a fully awned variety, while Italian Red is partly awned, and Colusa is a variety awnless under all conditions. 2. Awnedness is partially dominant to awnlessness in F1 and the F2 of the Butte X Colusa cross segregated in the phenotypic ratio of nine awned t ...
Triticum aestivum; plant breeding; hybrids; hybridization; California
Abstract:
... The bulked-population method of handling cereal hybrids consists essentially of creating populations by hybridization, growing the hybrids in bulk for six or eight generations until they have become homozygous or nearly so, and then making head or plant selections for comparative testing in the usual way. Nineteen crosses were handled by this method in an experiment at University Farm, Davis, Cali ...
Triticum; plant breeding; Tilletia tritici; backcrossing; California
Abstract:
... The value of back-crossing for incorporating and fixing characters undoubtedly has been apparent to all students of genetics. Breeders of animals long have used this method to fix desirable characters. Harlan and Pope apparently are the only ones, however, who have reported the use of back-crossing in plant breeding for the purpose of introducing and fixing a desirable character from one variety i ...
fertilizer analysis; phosphorus fertilizers; soil fertility; Citrus; California
Abstract:
... Water and acid extracts of soils which had received from 1 to 30 or more annual applications of a phosphate-carrying fertilizer compared with similar soils which had not received phosphate showed appreciable penetration of the phosphate below the surface foot in light- to medium-textured soils. Little or no penetration was found to have taken place in very heavy soils. There are indications that a ...
taxonomy; Poa bulbosa; anatomy and morphology; California
Abstract:
... Plants of Poa bulbosa L., i.e. normal Poa bulbosa, have been found in several localities in California. Illustrations are presented of the new material. Heretofore unreported findings of similar material by others in the United States are mentioned here. Other pertinent information regarding the normal form in the United States is also reported in this study. The present report is thus a complete ...
... The experimental results given in this and in previous papers clearly show that for the conditions obtaining in these experiments, small grains following sorghums are benefited by applications of nitrogenous fertilizers. The benefits as measured by increases in yield are roughly proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied. It would be most natural to suppose that the poor growth of the unfert ...
soil classification; arid zones; textural soil types; soil parent materials; nitrogen content; soil water content; air temperature; soil depth; rain; soil pH; altitude; humus; soil color; vegetation; California
Abstract:
... We must conclude from these studies that the organic matter content is not dominant in determining the color of the soils in regions of periodic precipitation with hot dry summers and cool moist winters, and that it occupies a very minor place in determining the characteristics of soil profiles. Of much more importance in profile development, and consequently to soil classification, are the minera ...
Oryza sativa; seed germination; oxygen; pressure; Echinochloa crus-galli; submergence; seedling growth; soil water content; field experimentation; cultural control; weed control; dissolved oxygen; Virginia; California
Abstract:
... In the 3 years during which this work was conducted in the field rice sown on the surface of the soil, 1/2 inch, and 1 inch deep, then continuously submerged, produced an average of 78.14, 20.00, and 2.66% of seedlings, respectively. No seedlings were obtained from seed sown 1/2, 2, or 2 1/2 inches deep and continuously submerged either in the field or in pots in the greenhouse, except when oxygen ...
... From the evidence presented, field hybridization in all six species of beans grown in California is of common occurrence. This cross-pollination usually occurs between plants adjacent to one another. Field hybridization between vines within a variety has been shown to cause variation in size and color of seed and vigor and maturity of the vines, as in the case of the Salinas Pinks. Where disease r ...
seeds; Oryza sativa; early development; crossing; humidity; length; temperature; inheritance (genetics); Texas; Arkansas; California
Abstract:
... The segregation in F2 for date of first heading in the crosses Bozu X Edith and Bozu X Blue Rose appeared to be controlled by multiple genetic factors; in the cross Colusa X Edith mainly by complete genetic factors indicating a 9 late to 7 early ratio; and in the cross Colusa X Blue Rose largely by one main genetic factor giving about 3 late to 1 early plant. In the F2 populations of the crosses B ...
Zea mays; crop yield; crop losses; Ustilago zeae; galls; leaves; fungal diseases of plants; ears; California
Abstract:
... Grain from 220 pairs of smutted and adjacent nonsmutted plants was weighed. Analyses of differences were made by Student's method. Losses from smut infection on the ear and below the ear were calculated for small, medium, and large galls. Losses due to multiple galls of a number of different combinations were calculated. Losses due to smut below the ear are estimated to be 7% for small, 19% for me ...
soil morphological features; soil chemistry; soil analysis; California
Abstract:
... Some soils in southern California are characterized by the profiles which are similar morphologically to those of the Solonetz. It has not been certain, however, whether or not these soils are the true Solonetz. A precise definition of the real nature of the soil requires an examination of its morphology, chemistry, and genesis and their comparison with those of the established soil types. This st ...
Malus domestica; apples; clay; coastal plain soils; crop production; fruit growing; fruit trees; texture; California
Abstract:
... Summary 1.Soils of uniform texture to a considerable depth produce large long-lived apple trees that are deep rooted. Mature trees in Santa Cruz County, California, produce annually between 700 and 2,400 40-pound boxes of apples per acre. The average of 34 records between 1931 and 1937 is 1,088 boxes per acre. 2.Soils that have moderately subsoils or soils of immature to seminature age produce con ...
... The varieties Caloro, Early Prolific, and Arkansas Fortuna rice were grown at the Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas rice experiment stations, and Caloro and Early Prolific were grown at the Biggs, Calif., Rice Field Station during the 3-year period of 1937 to 1939 to compare the yields from plots direct seeded and transplanted. The average yields of Caloro for the 3-year period from direct seeding we ...
variety trials; crossing; fungal diseases of plants; varieties; disease resistance; Avena nuda; Ustilago segetum var. avenae; Avena sativa; Iowa; Nebraska; Wisconsin; California; Kansas; Indiana; North Dakota; Idaho; Texas; Virginia; Minnesota; New York; Georgia; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Uniform tests of oats for smut resistance were conducted for 5 years at 9 to 15 stations each year. Local collections of smut were used at each station. The Canadian and Gothland check varieties showed high infection to nearly all collections of smut, averaging 73.86% and 36.92%, respectively. Comparable smut percentages for the other check varieties, Richland, Monarch, Black Mesdag, Fulghum, and ...
cultivars; plant diseases and disorders; genetic resistance; Tilletia tritici; genes; Triticum aestivum; Tilletia laevis; plant pathogenic fungi; strains; California
Abstract:
... For the most part the five varieties which have been shown to possess only the Martin genes, M, for resistance have behaved uniformly to the different races of bunt. Exceptions were noted for races T-13, T-14, and L-9, where both the Martin and Odessa varieties were resistant but other varieties were susceptible. Briggs, in 1930 (7), pointed out that varieties shown to carry a single gene for resi ...
peat soils; soil salinity; electrical conductivity; soil water content; Zea mays; California
Abstract:
... A number of moisture and salinity measurements on 19 samples of peat soil representing five saline profiles from the delta area of the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers of California are reported. The moisture retaining and transmitting properties of peat soils appear to be similar to those of mineral soils except that the moisture percentage (dry weight basis) at any given soil moisture condition is ...
... More than three million acres of the upland area of the Redwood-Douglas-fir Region of California have been mapped and classified to obtain information for use in the management of forest, grazing, and watershed land, as well as basic data on the soils of this important area. In this survey the soils have been classified as to soil series and depth classes. The dominant soil series are divided into ...
... A technique for direct measurement of hydraulic head in rapidly changing systems was applied to the infiltration of water into artificially packed columns of dry soil including three California soils and a sample of silica flour. Results indicate that the transmitting zone in each soil was a region of relatively uniform hydraulic gradient which was greater than unity but decreased with time and mi ...
beans; drying; exchangeable sodium; modulus of rupture; sandy loam soils; seedlings; strength (mechanics); California
Abstract:
... Apparatus and procedure are described for measuring the modulus of rupture of soil. Briquets approximately 1 × 3.5 × 7 cm. are formed by placing screened dry soil in brass molds, wetting for one hour by subbing and drying at 50°C. The force required to break a briquet when loaded as a horizontal beam is measured and the modulus of rupture, which is the maximum fiber stress, is calculated by the fo ...
... This paper describes methods employed in the concurrent mapping of vegetation and soil on more than 3 million acres of mountainous land in California. The land is classified according to vegetational types, age and density of timber stands, timber site quality, and series and depth of soil. Important features are (1) office delineation on aerial photographs of most boundaries of vegetational and s ...
... A survey of vegetation and soil of wild lands in Mendocino County in northern California was completed in 1951. This survey disclosed the occurrence near the coast of some distinct podzolic soil, unique in relation to most other soils of the state, of unexpected extent, and having in part distinct vegetation associations. This northern coastal area has cool, nearly rainless but foggy summers and m ...
... Information presented shows that in furrow-irrigated California orange orchards, as much as 3 tons of soluble salts per acre, representing 800 lbs. of nitrogen as well as other necessary plant nutrients, may accumulate in the upper 6 inches of the interfurrow ridges as a result of capillary conduction. These accumulations have little chance of being of benefit to the trees under present cultural p ...