An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... The benthic algal composition of Charophyta in the Avusor Great Lake and Koçdüzü Great Lake at the altitude of about 3,000 m a.s.l. was investigated on 21 August 2019. A total of 112 species, belonging to Zygnematophyceae, were identified. The genera Cosmarium (44), Staurastrum (16), Closterium (15), and Euastrum (13) were most abundant. The members of filamentous charophyta were represented by tw ...
Closterium; Cosmarium; Micrasterias; Netrium; Staurastrum; drinking water; environmental monitoring; eutrophication; flora; freshwater; indicator species; lentic systems; limnology; species richness; statistical analysis; water quality; India
Abstract:
... Freshwater ponds besides being a source of potable water, also serve as a habitat for a range of aquatic organisms. The quality of the pond water is dependent on several interrelated parameters like physical, chemical and biological factors which render the water source either fit or unfit for consumption. In this communication, we have discussed the utilization of the desmids flora in assessing t ...
Asterionella; Chlamydomonas; Closteriopsis; Closterium; Cyclotella; Diatoma; Fragilaria; Gyrosigma; Navicula; Pandorina; Phormidium; Synedra; biomass; carbon; cluster analysis; community structure; energy flow; environmental management; phytoplankton; rivers; water quality; watersheds; Yellow River
Abstract:
... Phytoplankton play a crucial role in energy flow and carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems; however, exploring the driving factors influencing phytoplankton, especially in heavily sediment-laden rivers, is challenging. We analyzed 704 samples from 44 sampling sites along the Yellow River to investigate the biogeographic, environmental, and anthropogenic impacts on the phytoplankton community compos ...
Closterium; Cosmarium; Siberia; altitude; flora; lakes; research; species diversity; Arctic region
Abstract:
... The first studied flora of a mountain lake on the Suntar-Khayat ridge was represented by 170 species of non-diatoms in addition to 112 previously studied diatoms. The calculated similarity indices, correlation analysis and bioindication showed the uniqueness of the non-diatom flora, dominated by charophytes in general and species of the genera Cosmarium and Closterium. The results of the study of ...
... The zygnematophycean algae occupy an important phylogenetic position as the closest living relatives of land plants. Reverse genetics is quite useful for dissecting the functions of genes. However, this strategy requires genetic transformation, and there are only a few reports of successful transformation in zygnematophycean algae. Here, we established a simple and highly efficient transformation ...
... Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) belong to a family of enzymes involved in diverse biological processes, including detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. Here, we determined the full‐length sequence (915 bp) of a novel Phi class cytosolic glutathione S‐transferase (GSTF) gene from the green algae Closterium ehrenbergii. We examined the gene structure and expression patterns in re ...
... The present paper is an exclusive contribution of the desmids flora of Jim Corbett National Park (JCNP), Uttarakhand, India. The study revealed 51 desmids taxa which included Cosmarium (29 taxa), Closterium (11 taxa), Euastrum (3 taxa), Cylindrocystis (2 taxa) and a single taxon of Micrasterias, Pleurotaeium, Penium, Staurastrum, Heimansia and Netrium were reported from the samples collected durin ...
Closterium; Scenedesmus quadricauda; autumn; dominant species; freshwater; freshwater lakes; limnology; oxygen; pH; phytoplankton; reproduction; species richness; summer; water management
Abstract:
... An understanding of the annual variations in the phytoplankton community in freshwater lakes, and of the drivers responsible for these variations, is essential for lake management. In this study we collected and analyzed seasonal samples of phytoplankton and assessed environmental variables in Nansi Lake from 2011 to 2015, in order to identify the seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community a ...
... The combination of antifouling and biocidal methods is an efficient antimicrobial strategy to alleviate environmental biofouling. Herein, a functional organic/inorganic hybrid coating with integrated terpolymer and hybrid Ag@TA-SiO₂ nano spheres was designed and fabricated for antifouling purpose for the first time. The silicon-containing terpolymer (GHM) was fabricated via a simplified free radic ...
... Salinity stress affects aquatic microalgal growth and their physiological responses have been studied extensively. However, arsenic (As) accumulation and biotransformation by freshwater phytoplankton under a salinity gradient have never been addressed. This study reports a distinctive pattern of As uptake, accumulation, and biotransformation by four axenic freshwater phytoplankton species, i.e., S ...
Aulacoseira; Closterium; Diadesmis; Dolichospermum; Eudorina; Euglenozoa; Ochrophyta; Pandorina; Rhodophyta; algae; biomass; ecosystems; eurytopic species; indicator species; phytoplankton; pulp and paper industry; pulp and paper mills; rivers; summer; thermal pollution; wastewater
Abstract:
... The results are presented for a study of summer phytoplankton (July 2018–2020) in the middle reaches of the Vychegda River at the sites where treated wastewater is discharged from the Mondi Syktyvkar JSC pulp and paper mill. In the phytoplankton of the studied section of the river, 263 species with algal varieties from seven divisions were identified: Cyanoptokaryota, 8; Ochrophyta, 4; Rhodophyta ...
... Superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. In the present study, we determined two novel CuZnSOD genes (designated as CeCSD1 and CeCSD2) from the toxicity‐testing freshwater algae Closterium ehrenbergii and examined their structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and gene expression under exposure to different metals. Put ...
... Phytoplankton are important biological indicators of water quality. This current study assessed the physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton diversity of Mandakini River, an important tributary of the River Ganga. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected from three sampling sites located at three different altitudes for a period of twelve months (July 2018–June 2019). Water samples were ...
Closterium; Cosmarium; Cryptomonas; Microcystis aeruginosa; Staurastrum; Staurodesmus; algae; autumn; biomass; cells; classification; density; freshwater; hydrodynamics; moieties; nitrogen; occurrence; phosphorus; phytoplankton; public water supply; seasonal variation; spatial variation; species richness; spring; summer; temperature; winter; China
Abstract:
... Freshwater phytoplankton communities can be classified into a variety of functional groups that are based on physiological, morphological, and ecological characteristics. This classification method was used to study the temporal and spatial changes in the phytoplankton communities of Gaozhou Reservoir, which is a large municipal water source in South China. Between January 2015 and December 2017, ...
... The composition of the ship's ballast water is complex and contains a large number of microalgae cells, bacteria, microplastics, and other microparticles. To increase the accuracy and efficiency of detection of the microalgae cells in ballast water, a new microfluidic chip for continuous separation of microalgae cells based on alternating current dielectrophoresis was proposed. In this microfluidi ...
... Anthropogenic and climatic factors are important determinants of algal distribution in aquatic systems. This study aimed to identify temporary pond‐groups of phytoplankton assemblages and to establish the interactions between environmental variables and phytoplankton structure. Phytoplankton samples were collected and preserved with 5% formalin; water samples for chemical analysis were taken in Au ...
... The freshwater green algae Closterium ehrenbergii has been considered as a model for eco‐toxicological assessment in aquatic systems. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins produced in all living organisms, which participate in environmental stress responses. In the present study, we determined the cDNA sequences of small heat shock protein 10 (sHSP10) and sHSP17.1 fro ...
... Contents Summary 99 I. Introduction 99 II. Life cycle of Closterium 100 III. Sexual reproductive processes in the heterothallic Closterium peracerosum‐strigosum‐littorale complex 101 IV. Homothallism in the C. psl. complex 102 V. Sexual reproduction and inheritance of mating types in Closterium ehrenbergii 102 VI. mt‐determining gene of the C. psl. complex 103 VII. Future perspectives 103 Acknowle ...
Closterium; Merismopedia; Schroederia; ammonia; biomass; dissolved oxygen; dominant species; littoral zone; multivariate analysis; nitrates; nitrites; oxygen; pH; phosphates; phytoplankton; pollution; principal component analysis; salinity; surface water; temperature; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; water quality; water quality standards; China
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to understand the associations between water quality and the phytoplankton community in intertidal mudflat pond of Limpenaeus vannamei, in the region around Hangzhou Bay. The water parameters at each sampling site were measured monthly including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, ammonia, natrite, nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphateand CODMn. The cultivation ...
Closterium; algae; coculture; embryophytes; phylogeny; protoplasts; reproductive isolation; sex pheromones; sexual reproduction; zygospores
Abstract:
... Reproductive isolation is essential for the process of speciation. In order to understand speciation, it is necessary to compare one mating group with other phylogenetically related but reproductively isolated groups. The Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale (C. psl.) complex is a unicellular isogamous zygnematophycean alga, which is believed to share a close phylogenetic relationship with t ...
... The freshwater green algae Closterium is sensitive to water quality, and hence has been suggested as ideal organisms for toxicity testing. In the present study, we evaluated the photosynthetic and biochemical responses of C. ehrenbergii to the common contaminants, coppers. The 72 h median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of CuSO₄ and CuCl₂ on the test organism were calculated to be 0.202 mg/L and 0 ...
... The present study was carried out in a mesotrophic subtropical plateau lake, Erhai, located in southwest of China. The succession of phytoplankton functional groups and the environmental variables in the lake were investigated from January 2013 to December 2015. The lake had strong radiation levels and a low-temperature amplitude because of its high elevation and strongly mixed water. It was highl ...
... An assessment of the pollution status of Museum Lake in the Thiruvananthapuram Botanical Garden and Museum was conducted. Analysis of different community structures of the planktonic taxa in the lake revealed it is organically polluted, attributable to the organic litter from riparian vegetation. A total of 30 most pollution‐tolerant phytoplankton genera and 24 pollution‐tolerant species were iden ...
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Closterium; Volvox; adhesion; agglutinins; algae; cell fusion; chemical elements; evolution; freshwater; genes; germ cells; heterothallic strains; loci; membrane fusion; sex determination; sex pheromones; sexual reproduction
Abstract:
... The sexual reproductive processes of some representative freshwater green algae are reviewed. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular volvocine alga having two mating types: mating type plus (mt⁺) and mating type minus (mt⁻), which are controlled by a single, complex mating-type locus. Sexual adhesion between the gametes is mediated by sex-specific agglutinin molecules on their flagellar membra ...
Closterium; Cosmarium; Sphagnum; Staurastrum; conservation areas; flora; habitats; lakes; mosses and liverworts; mountains; Russia
Abstract:
... Fourteen thermokarst lakes and one mountain lake were explored in the study period. A total of 116 species of desmids belonging to 22 genera were identified. The genera Cosmarium (29), Staurastrum (18) and Closterium (13) were most abundant. The highest number of species (88) was recorded in the habitats with Sphagnum and brown mosses. Twenty-seven species and one variety of desmids were observed ...
Closterium; algae; cell walls; embryophytes; genes; osmotic pressure; protein kinases; sexual reproduction; zygote
Abstract:
... Here, we cloned the CpRLK1 gene, which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase expressed during sexual reproduction, from the heterothallic Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale complex, one of the closest unicellular alga to land plants. Mating-type plus (mt ⁺) cells with knockdown of CpRLK1 showed reduced competence for sexual reproduction and formed an abnormally enlarged conjugation papill ...
... Siloxane modified acrylic resin coatings with positive and negative replication textures were successfully fabricated by biomimicking the surface structures of natural lotus leaf and white crab shell via a replication method. The physical and chemical properties of the as-prepared coatings were systematically characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and contact angle measurements. Moreover, t ...
... The green alga Closterium ehrenbergii occurs in fresh water environments and has been suggested as a model for ecotoxicological assessment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), with its high sensitivity and specificity, is a preferred method for reliable quantification of gene expression levels. qRT-PCR requires reference genes to normalize the transcription level of the target gene, and selectio ...
... Algae control by using allelochemicals secreted from plants is a safe and novel biological algal inhibiting technology. In this work, Hydrilla verticillata was cultivated with algae in coexisting systems, and its possible inhibitory effect and mechanism on planktonic algae were studied in eutrophic water. The results showed that 12 g L⁻¹H. verticillata under nutrient sufficient conditions had an a ...
... A parthenosporic strain of Closterium moniliferum (strain izu76-1) was isolated from a rice paddy field in Japan. Molecular phylogenic analysis was used to verify the initial species determination based on its morphology, and it was confirmed to be closely related to another identified strain of the species. By using time-lapse photography, the process of parthenospore formation was observed and c ...
... Iron-rich organic flocs are frequently observed in surface waters of wetlands and show a high affinity for trace metal(loid)s. To date, spectroscopic speciation analyses of Fe and trace elements in these mineral-organic matter (OM) associations are missing. In this study, we investigated the speciation and distribution of Fe and As in flocs collected from low-flow streams (pH 5.3–6.3) of the natur ...
... We demonstrate hybrid inorganic–organic nanoparticles —based on silicon dioxide and 9-aminoacridine— which can enhance mass spectrometric analysis and imaging in the negative-ion mode. The nanoparticles bind to the surface of cells while still in the liquid phase, which is followed by a controlled release of the organic matrix molecules triggered by alkaline ammonia vapours delivered to the specim ...
Closterium; Pleurotaenium; Staurastrum; Staurodesmus; biomass; lakes; morphometry; Brazil
Abstract:
... Adaptive strategies of desmids in two tropical monomictic lakes were studied in relation to morphometric differences. The study aimed at evaluating desmids' strategies during inter-annual succession patterns in two tropical lakes (Dom Helvécio and Carioca) in southeast Brazil. From monthly samples of freshwater algae collected during five consecutive years (2002–2006) from the two lakes, the desmi ...
... Several alternatives of microalgal metabolites extraction and transformation are being studied for achieving the total utilization of this energy crop of great interest worldwide. Microalgae oil extraction is a key stage in microalgal biodiesel production chains and their efficiency affects significantly the global process efficiency. In this study, a comparison of five oil extraction methods in l ...
... Bacteria and diatoms exist in sessile communities and develop as biofilm on all surfaces in aqueous environments. The interaction between these microorganisms in biofilm was investigated with a bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas sp. (strain 3J6) and two benthic diatoms Amphora coffeaeformis and Cylindrotheca closterium. Each biofilm was grown for 22 days. Images from the confocal microscopy show a ...
Chlamydomonas; Closterium; coculture; embryophytes; phylogeny; sexual reproduction
Abstract:
... Zygospore formation in different strains of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex was examined in this unicellular isogamous charophycean alga to shed light on gametic mating strains in this taxon, which is believed to share a close phylogenetic relationship with land plants. Zygospores typically form as a result of conjugation between mating-type plus (mt+) and mating-type minus ...
... The production of metabolites by microalgae is affected by environmental conditions in which they are living. The metabolic responses of two marine microalgae, Nitzschia closterium and Isochrysis zhangjiangensis, to a 3-day UVA-stress and 3-day UVA-recovery treatment were compared, based on their growth, fatty acid profiles and content of total carotenoids. When cultured under photosynthetically a ...
Closterium; formalin; ponds; species identification; wet season; Burkina Faso
Abstract:
... The number of Closterium species known from the Burkina Faso is small. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge of species of this genus in Burkina Faso by means of an investigation of temporary ponds. The study of Closterium in ponds was conducted in the central and the eastern parts of the country, during the rainy seasons of 2007 and 2008. Samples were collected and preserved with ...
... The response of phytoplankton population dynamics to changes in densities of Nymphaea lotus L. and Polygonum limbatum Meisn. was studied in an artificial pond in Zaria, Nigeria, from June to November 2007. Antagonistic effects of these macrophytes on Netrium sp., Staurastrum sp., Ulothrix sp., Marssionella sp. and Closterium sp. were collinear and clearly separated from other environmental effects ...
Closterium; DNA; Zygnematales; cell physiology; early development; embryophytes; genes; genetic transformation; green fluorescent protein; monophyly; sex pheromones
Abstract:
... Although charophycean algae form a relevant monophyly with embryophytes and hence occupy a fundamental place in the development of Streptophyta, no tools for genetic transformation in these organisms have been developed. Here we present the first stable nuclear transformation system for the unicellular Zygnematales, the Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale complex (C. psl complex), which is ...
... Conjugation-regulating pheromones were analyzed in homothallic Closterium for the first time. Members of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex are unicellular charophycean algae in which there are two modes of zygospore formation: heterothallism and homothallism. A homothallic strain of Closterium (designation, kodama20) forms selfing zygospores via the conjugation of two sister g ...
... Members of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl.) complex are unicellular charophycean algae in which there are two modes of zygospore formation, heterothallic and homothallic. A homothallic strain of Closterium (designation, kodama20) was isolated from a Japanese rice paddy field. Based on alignment of the 1506 group-I introns, which interrupt nuclear SSU rDNAs, homothallic koda ...
Closterium; Navicula; Nitzschia; Skeletonema costatum; Thalassiosira; ammonia; biomass; chlorophyll; environmental factors; estuaries; light intensity; monsoon season; nitrogen; nutrient content; phytoplankton; population growth; primary productivity; rivers; seasonal variation; silica; species diversity; time series analysis; turbidity; water quality; water temperature; India
Abstract:
... Changes in the phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), production rate, and species composition were studied over two seasons using the time series measurements in the northern limb of the Cochin estuary in relation to the prevailing hydrological conditions. The present study showed the significant seasonal variation in water temperature (F=69.4, P<0.01), salinity (F=341.93, P<0.01), dissolved inor ...
... The charophyte algae are the closest living relatives of land plants. Their life cycles are usually characterized as haploid with zygotic meiosis. This conclusion, however, is based on a small number of observations and on theoretical assumptions about what kinds of life cycle are possible. Little is known about the life cycles of most charophytes, but unusual phenomena have been reported in compa ...
... Growth inhibition bioassays with the microalga Nitzschia closterium have recently been applied in marine Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) testing. However, the 48-h test duration can result in substantial loss of toxicants over time, which might lead to an underestimation of the sample toxicity. Although shorter-term microalgal bioassays can minimize such losses, there are few bioassays av ...
... Peroxisomal enzymatic proteins contain targeting signals (PTS) to enable their import into peroxisomes. These targeting signals have been identified as PTS1 and PTS2 in mammalian, yeast, and higher plant cells; however, no PTS2-like amino acid sequences have been observed in enzymes from the genome database of Cyanidiochyzon merolae (Bangiophyceae), a primitive red algae. In studies on the evoluti ...
Aphanizomenon; Closterium; Cyclotella; Cylindrotheca; Nodularia spumigena; Skeletonema costatum; biomass; coastal water; community structure; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; eutrophication; indicator species; monitoring; nutrient content; phosphorus; phytoplankton; ships; summer; time series analysis; Gulf of Finland
Abstract:
... There are very few time series documenting clear trends of change in the biomass of total phytoplankton or single taxa that coincide with trends of increasing nutrient concentrations. Weekly or biweekly monitoring since 1997 on a cross section of the central Gulf of Finland (NE Baltic Sea) with similar climatic and hydrographic conditions, but different nutrient levels, provided a uniform dataset. ...
... The effects of several antibiotics on the proliferation of cells of the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex, a unicellular charophycean alga, were examined. When cells were cultured on solid medium containing hygromycin B and phleomycin the proliferation of cells was inhibited at low concentrations of these antibiotics, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.0 and 0.2 µg/mL, r ...
... The Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl.) complex consists of unicellular algae and is known to be composed of several reproductively isolated mating groups of heterothallic strains. Group I-E is completely isolated from mating groups II-A and II-B, groups II-A and II-B are partially isolated from each other, and only mating-type plus (mt⁺) cells of group II-A and mating-type minus ...
... Desmids from 12 freshwater resources in the northern part of Thailand were investigated during 2002 to 2003. A total of 91 taxa were found. They belonged to 17 genera: Actinotaenium, Spirotaenia, Netrium, Gonatozygon, Pleurotaenium, Closterium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Cosmarium, Cosmocladium, Stuarastrum, Staurodesmus, Xanthidium, Teilingia, Spondylosium, Hyalotheca and Desmidium. The water qualit ...
... Epipelic diatoms are important components of microphytobenthic biofilms. Cultures of four diatom species (Amphora coffeaeformis, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula perminuta and Nitzschia epithemioides) and assemblages of mixed diatom species collected from an estuary were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Short exposures to UV-B resulted in decreases in photosystem II ...
... Based on spatial variation in tidal mud salinity, direct gradient analysis procedures were adopted to relate the productivity and distribution of epipellic microalgae along salinity gradients in mangrove swamp of the Qua Iboe Estuary. Variations in mud salinities were due to distance from the coast, tidal incursions and freshwater input. The dilution effect of fresh water input from rainfall, urba ...
... The sex pheromone protoplast release-inducing protein (PR-IP) inducer and a sexual cell division-inducing pheromone-minus (SCD-IP-minus) that mediates the sexual reproduction of the heterothallic Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale (C. psl) complex were investigated in this study. Recombinant PR-IP inducer produced by yeast cells was prepared and assayed for production of PR-IP and inductio ...
... Culture strains of the Closterium moniliferum-ehrenbergii species complex were classified on the basis of three types of dormant spores: zygospores formed by homothallic and heterothallic conjugation and parthenospores formed without conjugation. Two parthenosporic strains of C. moniliferum from Hiroshima, Japan, and Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, and two parthenosporic strains of C. ehrenbergii from Okina ...
... Siderophores, ferric iron-specific ligands, are produced by many species of prokaryotes, fungi and higher plants under iron-limited conditions. We report the possibility of siderophore production by a freshwater eukaryotic microalga Closterium aciculare under iron-deficient conditions. Closterium aciculare secreted a substance that is reactive in the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay in an iron-deficien ...
Chlorella; Culex; Closterium; primary productivity; water quality; granules; algae; biological control agents; turbidity; aquatic environment; plant density; Bacillus sphaericus; Bacillus thuringiensis; eutrophication; biomass production; dissolved oxygen; biological control
Abstract:
... Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis de Barjac (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus Neide are promising microbial mosquito larvicides currently employed in mosquito control programs. During the screening and evaluation of new formulations of these control agents, it was noted that productivity of some algal species was noticeably suppressed, and that certain water quality parameters were enhanced by t ...
... Closterium acerosum possesses a well-defined, mucilage-secretory mechanism consisting of up to 100 Golgi bodies, two distinct vacuolar networks, and an active cytoplasmic-streaming network located in the cell periphery. Five different sodium-affecting agents were applied to actively secreting cells in order to determine the role, if any, of Na⁺ on this secretory mechanism. Significant effects to t ...