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1. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Finns Detects Multiple Susceptibility Variants

Author:
Scott, Laura J.; Mohlke, Karen L.; Bonnycastle, Lori L.; Willer, Cristen J.; Li, Yun; Duren, William L.; Erdos, Michael R.; Stringham, Heather M.; Chines, Peter S.; Jackson, Anne U.; Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila; Ding, Chia-Jen; Swift, Amy J.; Narisu, Narisu; Hu, Tianle; Pruim, Randall; Xiao, Rui; Li, Xiao-Yi; Conneely, Karen N.; Riebow, Nancy L.; Sprau, Andrew G.; Tong, Maurine; White, Peggy P.; Hetrick, Kurt N.; Barnhart, Michael W.; Bark, Craig W.; Goldstein, Janet L.; Watkins, Lee; Xiang, Fang; Saramies, Jouko; Buchanan, Thomas A.; Watanabe, Richard M.; Valle, Timo T.; Kinnunen, Leena; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Pugh, Elizabeth W.; Doheny, Kimberly F.; Bergman, Richard N.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Collins, Francis S.; Boehnke, Michael
Source:
Science 2007 v.316 no.5829 pp. 1341-1345
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
genes; genetic variation; genome-wide association study; genotype; genotyping; humans; intergenic DNA; loci; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; risk; single nucleotide polymorphism; Finland
Abstract:
... Identifying the genetic variants that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans has been a formidable challenge. Adopting a genome-wide association strategy, we genotyped 1161 Finnish T2D cases and 1174 Finnish normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) controls with >315,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed genotypes for an additional >2 million autosomal SNPs. We carried out asso ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1142382
PubMed:
17463248
PubMed Central:
PMC3214617

2. Association of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” with the Psyllid, Trioza apicalis (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Europe

Author:
Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Fisher, Tonja W.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Garczynski, Stephen F.; Nissinen, Anne; Lemmetty, Anne
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2010 v.103 no.4 pp. 1060
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Trioza; insect pests; plant pests; disease vectors; insect vectors; Candidatus Liberibacter; plant pathogenic bacteria; Daucus carota; carrots; bacterial diseases of plants; pathogen identification; risk assessment; epidemiological studies; molecular epidemiology; insect surveys; microbial genetics; genes; ribosomal RNA; disease detection; pathogenesis; host plants; disease incidence; Europe; Finland
Abstract:
... The psyllid Trioza apicalis Forster (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a serious pest of carrots, Daucus carota L., in Europe. Carrots exhibiting symptoms of psyllid damage were observed in commercial fields in southern Finland in 2008. Symptoms in affected plants included leaf curling, yellow and purple discoloration of leaves, stunted growth of shoots and roots, and proliferation of secondary roots, Mech ...
Handle:
10113/43949
DOI:
10.1603/EC10027
PubMed:
20857712

3. Chromosomal Regions Underlying Noncoagulation of Milk in Finnish Ayrshire Cows

Author:
Tyriseva, Anna-Maria; Elo, Kari; Kuusipuro, Arja; Vilva, Veijo; Janonen, Isto; Karjalainen, Heidi; Ikonen, Tiina; Ojala, Matti
Source:
Genetics 2008 v.180 no.2 pp. 1211-1220
ISSN:
0016-6731
Subject:
non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; Ayrshire (cattle breed); dairy cows; milk; milk clotting; milk curds; mutation; genes; genotype; chromosome mapping; genetic markers; microsatellite repeats; Finland
DOI:
10.1534/genetics.107.083964
PubMed:
18780756
PubMed Central:
PMC2567368

4. Comparative analysis of genome sequences of the conifer tree pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum s.s.

Author:
Choi, Jaeyoung; Lee, Gir-Won; Kim, Ki-Tae; Jeon, Jongbum; Détry, Nicolas; Kuo, Hsiao-Che; Sun, Hui; Asiegbu, Fred O.; Lee, Yong-Hwan
Source:
Genomics Data 2017 v.14 pp. 106-113
ISSN:
2213-5960
Subject:
Heterobasidion annosum; amino acid sequences; boreal forests; brown-rot fungi; butt rot; cluster analysis; conifers; genes; genome assembly; laccase; lignin; niches; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; peroxidase; root rot; sequence alignment; single nucleotide polymorphism; trees; white-rot fungi; Finland
Abstract:
... The causal agent of root and butt rot of conifer trees, Heterobasidion annosum, is widespread in boreal forests and economically responsible for annual loss of approximately 50 million euros to forest industries in Finland alone and much more at European level. In order to further understand the pathobiology of this fungus at the genome level, a Finnish isolate of H. annosum sensu stricto (isolate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gdata.2017.10.003
PubMed:
29085779
PubMed Central:
PMC5654758

5. Detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode Setaria tundra in Danish roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Author:
Enemark, Heidi Larsen; Oksanen, Antti; Chriél, Mariann; le Fèvre Harslund, Jakob; Woolsey, Ian David; Al-Sabi, Mohammad Nafi Solaiman
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2017 v.6 no.1 pp. 16-21
ISSN:
2213-2244
Subject:
Alces alces; Capreolus capreolus; Culicidae; Setaria tundra; carrier state; climate change; disease outbreaks; genes; insect vectors; larvae; liver; mitochondria; monitoring; morbidity; mortality; parasites; prediction; reindeer; ribosomal RNA; weather; Denmark; Finland; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... Setaria tundra is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode of cervids in Europe. It has recently been associated with an emerging epidemic disease causing severe morbidity and mortality in reindeer and moose in Finland. Here, we present the first report of S. tundra in six roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) collected between October 2010 and March 2014 in Denmark. The deer originated from various localities ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.01.002
PubMed:
28229043
PubMed Central:
PMC5312512

6. Detection of Francisella tularensis in Voles in Finland

Author:
Rossow, Heidi; Sissonen, Susanna; Koskela, Katja A.; Kinnunen, Paula M.; Hemmilä, Heidi; Niemimaa, Jukka; Huitu, Otso; Kuusi, Markku; Vapalahti, Olli; Henttonen, Heikki; Nikkari, Simo
Source:
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases 2014 v.14 no.3 pp. 193-198
ISSN:
1557-7759
Subject:
DNA; Francisella tularensis; Lagomorpha; Microtus agrestis; bacteria; ecology; genes; humans; kidneys; liver; lungs; nucleotide sequences; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; screening; small mammals; spleen; tularemia; virulence; voles; zoonoses; Finland; Northern European region
Abstract:
... Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular bacterium causing the zoonotic disease tularemia. It recurrently causes human and animal outbreaks in northern Europe, including Finland. Although F. tularensis infects several mammal species, only rodents and lagomorphs seem to have importance in its ecology. Peak densities of rodent populations may trigger tularemia outbreaks in humans; h ...
DOI:
10.1089/vbz.2012.1255
PubMed:
24575824
PubMed Central:
PMC3952591

7. Eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Author:
Hanski, Ilkka A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 v.108 no.35 pp. 14397-14404
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
butterflies; extinction; females; gene flow; gene frequency; genes; genetic variation; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; habitat fragmentation; habitats; host plants; immigration; inbreeding; meadows; oviposition; population growth; population size; risk; space and time; Finland
Abstract:
... Demographic population dynamics, gene flow, and local adaptation may influence each other and lead to coupling of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, especially in species inhabiting fragmented heterogeneous environments. Here, I review long-term research on eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly inhabiting a large network of approximately 4,000 meadows in Finlan ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1110020108
PubMed:
21788506
PubMed Central:
PMC3167532

8. Effect of Temperature on Anaerobic Ethanol Oxidation and Methanogenesis in Acidic Peat from a Northern Wetland

Author:
Metje, Martina; Frenzel, Peter
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2005 v.71 no.12 pp. 8191-8200
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
restriction fragment length polymorphism; peat; anaerobic conditions; ribosomal RNA; methane production; soil temperature; anaerobes; iron; peatlands; Archaea; genes; nucleotide sequences; oxidation; methanogens; ethanol; Finland
Abstract:
... The effects of temperature on rates and pathways of CH₄ production and on the abundance and structure of the archaeal community were investigated in acidic peat from a mire in northern Scandinavia (68°N). We monitored the production of CH₄ and CO₂ over time and measured the turnover of Fe(II), ethanol, and organic acids. All experiments were performed with and without specific inhibitors (2-bromoe ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.71.12.8191-8200.2005
PubMed:
16332802
PubMed Central:
PMC1317349

9. Fusarium sibiricum sp. nov, a novel type A trichothecene-producing Fusarium from northern Asia closely related to F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae

Author:
Yli-Mattila, Tapani; Ward, Todd J.; O'Donnell, Kerry; Proctor, Robert H.; Burkin, Alexey A.; Kononenko, Galina P.; Gavrilova, Olga P.; Aoki, Takayuki; McCormick, Susan P.; Gagkaeva, Tatiana Yu.
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2011 v.147 no.1 pp. 58
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
DNA primers; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Fusarium; T-2 toxin; genes; intergenic DNA; loci; nivalenol; nucleotide sequences; phosphates; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; sisters; East Asia; Finland; Siberia
Abstract:
... Production of type A trichothecenes has been reported in the closely related species Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides. Here, we characterized a collection of Fusarium isolates from Siberia and the Russian Far East (hereafter Asian isolates) that produce high levels of the type A trichothecene T-2 toxin and are similar in morphology to the type A trichothecene-producing F. langsethiae, ...
Handle:
10113/49293
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.007
PubMed:
21459470

10. Genetic basis of penicillin resistance of S. aureus isolated in bovine mastitis

Author:
Bagcigil, Arzu Funda; Taponen, Suvi; Koort, Joanna; Bengtsson, Björn; Myllyniemi, Anna-Liisa; Pyörälä, Satu
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2012 v.54 no.1 pp. 838
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
Southern blotting; beta-lactamase; bovine mastitis; clones; genes; genetic relationships; nucleotide sequences; penicillins; plasmids; proteins; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Finland; Sweden
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The blaZ gene encoding penicillin resistance can be located either chromosomally or on plasmids. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships and to determine the location of the blaZ gene in S. aureus isolated in bovine mastitis in Finland and Sweden. METHODS: Seventy-eight β-lactamase positive S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis (34 from Finland and 44 from ...
DOI:
10.1186/1751-0147-54-69
PubMed:
23176642
PubMed Central:
PMC3575348

11. Genetic variation in the hTAS2R38 taste receptor and food consumption among Finnish adults

Author:
Sandell, Mari; Hoppu, Ulla; Mikkilä, Vera; Mononen, Nina; Kähönen, Mika; Männistö, Satu; Rönnemaa, Tapani; Viikari, Jorma; Lehtimäki, Terho; Raitakari, Olli T.
Source:
Genes & nutrition 2014 v.9 no.6 pp. 433
ISSN:
1555-8932
Subject:
DNA; adults; analysis of variance; blood; food choices; food consumption; foods; fruits; gender; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; homozygosity; men; questionnaires; risk; small fruits; taste receptors; vegetable consumption; vegetables; women; Finland
Abstract:
... Genetic variation in bitter taste receptors, such as hTAS2R38, may affect food preferences and intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between bitter taste receptor haplotypes and the consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries and sweet foods among an adult Finnish population. A cross-sectional design utilizing data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12263-014-0433-3
PubMed:
25303850
PubMed Central:
PMC4235829

12. Genome-wide association analysis of milk yield traits in Nordic Red Cattle using imputed whole genome sequence variants

Author:
Iso-Touru, T.; Sahana, G.; Guldbrandtsen, B.; Lund, M. S.; Vilkki, J.
Source:
BMC genetics 2016 v.17 no.1 pp. 55
ISSN:
1471-2156
Subject:
breeding value; bulls; gene regulatory networks; genes; genome-wide association study; linkage disequilibrium; loci; milk; milk yield; prediction; quantitative traits; Denmark; Finland; Sweden
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The Nordic Red Cattle consisting of three different populations from Finland, Sweden and Denmark are under a joint breeding value estimation system. The long history of recording of production and health traits offers a great opportunity to study production traits and identify causal variants behind them. In this study, we used whole genome sequence level data from 4280 progeny tested ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12863-016-0363-8
PubMed:
27006194
PubMed Central:
PMC4804490

13. High prevalence of zoonotic trematodes in roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the Gulf of Finland

Author:
Näreaho, Anu; Eriksson-Kallio, Anna Maria; Heikkinen, Petra; Snellman, Anna; Sukura, Antti; Koski, Perttu
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2017 v.59 no.1 pp. 75
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
Posthodiplostomum; Rutilus rutilus; coasts; genes; humans; internal transcribed spacers; metacercariae; mixed infection; parasites; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; Finland; Gulf of Finland
Abstract:
... The intention to increase roach (Rutilus rutilus) consumption is in focus for ecological and economic reasons in Finland. However, its safety as food has not been considered comprehensively. We collected and artificially digested 85 roach halves originating from the south-eastern coast of Finland, and found trematode metacercariae in 98.8% of the samples. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13028-017-0343-7
PubMed:
29089028
PubMed Central:
PMC5664804

14. Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal diversity in ancient populations of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in Finland: comparison with contemporary sheep breeds

Author:
Niemi, Marianna; Bläuer, Auli; Iso-Touru, Terhi; Nyström, Veronica; Harjula, Janne; Taavitsainen, Jussi-Pekka; Storå, Jan; Lidén, Kerstin; Kantanen, Juha
Source:
Genetics, selection, evolution 2013 v.45 no.1 pp. 2556
ISSN:
1297-9686
Subject:
Y chromosome; data collection; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; mitochondrial DNA; nucleotide sequences; rams; sheep breeds; single nucleotide polymorphism; temporal variation; Asia; Finland
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Several molecular and population genetic studies have focused on the native sheep breeds of Finland. In this work, we investigated their ancestral sheep populations from Iron Age, Medieval and Post-Medieval periods by sequencing a partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop and the 5’-promoter region of the SRY gene. We compared the maternal (mitochondrial DNA haplotypes) and paternal (SNP oY1) g ...
DOI:
10.1186/1297-9686-45-2
PubMed:
23339395
PubMed Central:
PMC3558444

15. Molecular characterisation of infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses isolated from farmed fish in Finland

Author:
Holopainen, Riikka; Eriksson-Kallio, AnnaMaria; Gadd, Tuija
Source:
Archives of virology 2017 v.162 no.11 pp. 3459-3471
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; Salmonidae; amino acids; coasts; farmed fish; fish farms; food animals; freshwater fish; genes; genetic analysis; genetic variation; genomics; juveniles; mortality; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; viruses; Finland
Abstract:
... Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) has been isolated annually since 1987 from salmonids without clinical signs at coastal fish farms in Finland. In the inland area, viral isolations were rare until 2012, when IPNV was detected at several freshwater fish farms. Between 2013 and 2015, the infection spread and IPNV was continuously isolated from several farms, both inland and on the coast. T ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-017-3525-8
PubMed:
28795226
PubMed Central:
PMC5640752

16. Molecular characterization and phylogenetics of Fennoscandian cowpox virus isolates based on the p4c and atip genes

Author:
Okeke, Malachy Ifeanyi; Okoli, Arinze Stanley; Nilssen, Øivind; Moens, Ugo; Tryland, Morten; Bøhn, Thomas; Traavik, Terje
Source:
Virology journal 2014 v.11 no.1 pp. 2456
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
Cowpox virus; DNA; cattle; digestion; genes; genetic distance; geographical distribution; humans; nucleotide sequences; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; polyphyly; restriction endonucleases; restriction fragment length polymorphism; Eurasia; Finland; Norway; Scandinavia; Sweden
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Cowpox virus (CPXV), a rodent-borne Orthopoxvirus (OPV) that is indigenous to Eurasia can infect humans, cattle, felidae and other animals. Molecular characterization of CPXVs isolated from different geographic locations is important for the understanding of their biology, geographic distribution, classification and evolution. Our aim was to characterize CPXVs isolated from Fennoscandi ...
DOI:
10.1186/1743-422X-11-119
PubMed:
24972911
PubMed Central:
PMC4112975

17. Molecular diagnosis of pituitary adenoma predisposition caused by aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene mutations

Author:
Georgitsi, Marianthi; Raitila, Anniina; Karhu, Auli; Tuppurainen, Karoliina; Mäkinen, Markus J.; Vierimaa, Outi; Paschke, Ralf; Saeger, Wolfgang; van der Luijt, Rob B.; Sane, Timo; Robledo, Mercedes; De Menis, Ernesto; Weil, Robert J.; Wasik, Anna; Zielinski, Grzegorz; Lucewicz, Olga; Lubinski, Jan; Launonen, Virpi; Vahteristo, Pia; Aaltonen, Lauri A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.10 pp. 4101-4105
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
adenoma; anterior pituitary; carcinogenesis; counseling; diagnostic techniques; genes; immunohistochemistry; mutation; patients; screening; Finland; United States
Abstract:
... Pituitary adenomas are common neoplasms of the anterior pituitary gland. Germ-line mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene cause pituitary adenoma predisposition (PAP), a recent discovery based on genetic studies in Northern Finland. In this population, a founder mutation explained a significant proportion of all acromegaly cases. Typically, PAP patients were of a ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0700004104
PubMed:
17360484
PubMed Central:
PMC1820715

18. Mosquito-borne Inkoo virus in northern Sweden - isolation and whole genome sequencing

Author:
Lwande, Olivia Wesula; Bucht, Göran; Ahlm, Clas; Ahlm, Kristoffer; Näslund, Jonas; Evander, Magnus
Source:
Virology journal 2017 v.14 no.1 pp. 61
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
phylogeny; insect vectors; cytochrome-c oxidase; genes; summer; California encephalitis orthobunyavirus; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; adults; seroprevalence; DNA barcoding; virulence; monitoring; cell culture; serotypes; mutation; arboviruses; polyproteins; larvae; Aedes; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; gene amplification; genetic variation; RNA; Sweden; Finland; Northern European region
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Inkoo virus (INKV) is a less known mosquito-borne virus belonging to Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, California serogroup. Studies indicate that INKV infection is mainly asymptomatic, but can cause mild encephalitis in humans. In northern Europe, the sero-prevalence against INKV is high, 41% in Sweden and 51% in Finland. Previously, INKV RNA has been detected in adult Aedes (Ae.) ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-017-0725-5
PubMed:
28330505
PubMed Central:
PMC5362992

19. Occurrence and characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from bovine mastitis milk samples in Finland

Author:
Gindonis, Veera; Taponen, Suvi; Myllyniemi, Anna-Liisa; Pyörälä, Satu; Nykäsenoja, Suvi; Salmenlinna, Saara; Lindholm, Laura; Rantala, Merja
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2013 v.55 no.1 pp. 61
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
bovine mastitis; cattle; coagulase negative staphylococci; databases; genes; humans; methicillin; milk; monitoring; Finland
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are increasingly being isolated in bovine mastitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of MRS in Finnish mastitis milk samples and characterize the MRS isolates using molecular methods. RESULTS: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was a rare finding in bovine mastitis in Finland. Only two out of 135 (1.5%) S. aureus isolates ...
DOI:
10.1186/1751-0147-55-61
PubMed:
23985065
PubMed Central:
PMC3846491

20. Percent G+C profiling accurately reveals diet-related differences in the gastrointestinal microbial community of broiler chickens

Author:
Apajalahti, J.H.A.; Kettunen, A.; Bedford, M.R.; Holben, W.E.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2001 v.67 no.12 pp. 5656-5667
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
broiler chickens; intestinal microorganisms; cecum; bacteria; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; genes; chemical composition; guanosine; cytosine; poultry feeding; wheat; feeds; community ecology; Finland
Abstract:
... Broiler chickens from eight commercial farms in Southern Finland were analyzed for the structure of their gastrointestinal microbial community by a nonselective DNA-based method, percent G+C-based profiling. The bacteriological impact of the feed source and in-farm whole-wheat amendment of the diet was assessed by percent G+C profiling. Also, a phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-based study was car ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.67.12.5656-5667.2001
PubMed:
11722920
PubMed Central:
PMC93357

21. Presence of foodborne pathogens, extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in slaughtered reindeer in northern Finland and Norway

Author:
Laaksonen, Sauli; Oksanen, Antti; Julmi, Jérôme; Zweifel, Claudio; Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria; Stephan, Roger
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2017 v.59 no.1 pp. 2
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; Shiga toxin; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; Yersinia; antibiotic resistance; beta-lactamase; compliance; evisceration; feces; food animals; food chain; food pathogens; genes; good hygiene practices; human diseases; humans; livelihood; meat; methicillin; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; pathogenicity; reindeer; risk; semi-domestic animals; serotypes; Finland; Norway; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Various food-producing animals were recognized in recent years as healthy carriers of bacterial pathogens causing human illness. In northern Fennoscandia, the husbandry of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) is a traditional livelihood and meat is the main product. This study determined the presence of selected foodborne pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococc ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13028-016-0272-x
PubMed:
28049493
PubMed Central:
PMC5209846

22. Trade-off between warning signal efficacy and mating success in the wood tiger moth

Author:
Nokelainen, Ossi; Hegna, Robert H.; Reudler, Joanneke H.; Lindstedt, Carita; Mappes, Johanna
Source:
Proceedings 2012 v.279 no.1727 pp. 257-265
ISSN:
0962-8452
Subject:
birds; color; evolution; field experimentation; genes; laboratory experimentation; males; morphs; moths; predators; Finland
Abstract:
... The coloration of species can have multiple functions, such as predator avoidance and sexual signalling, that directly affect fitness. As selection should favour traits that positively affect fitness, the genes underlying the trait should reach fixation, thereby preventing the evolution of polymorphisms. This is particularly true for aposematic species that rely on coloration as a warning signal t ...
DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2011.0880
PubMed:
21653589
PubMed Central:
PMC3223681