An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Rhabdoviridae; Siniperca chuatsi; amino acid sequences; brain; fish; glutamine; immunology; kidneys; metabolism; open reading frames; protein content; shellfish; spleen; transcription factors; virus replication
Abstract:
... c-Myc is a transcription factor and master regulator of cellular metabolism, and plays a critical role in virus replication by regulating glutamine metabolism. In this study, the open-reading frame (ORF) of c-Myc, designated as Sc-c-Myc, was cloned and sequenced. Multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence showed that the conserved domain of Sc-c-Myc, including the helix–loop–helix-zipper (bHLHz ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Siniperca chuatsi; aquaculture industry; fish fry; genes; homologous recombination; immunology; mortality; mutants; peptides; protein synthesis; shellfish; structural proteins; transcriptomics; viral genome; virion; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, infects a variety of teleost fish species and causes substantial losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. ISKNV ORF71L is 1611 bp in length, encodes a 537-amino-acid peptide and was previously identified as a viral structural protein in the ISKNV virion. In this study, the ORF71L deletion mutan ...
... Red Mark Syndrome (RMS) is a skin disease of uncertain etiology affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It consists of single or multiple skin lesions usually localized on the trunk of fish approaching market size. Studies showed as rickettsia-like organism (RLO), currently referred as Midichloria-like organism (MLO), is supposed to be involved in RMS. Midichloria-like has been ident ...
Acanthopagrus; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Ranavirus; Western blotting; aquaculture; ascites; brain; cell culture; cell lines; chromosomes; cytopathogenicity; etiological agents; fetal bovine serum; fluorescent antibody technique; grouper; karyotyping; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transmission electron microscopy; vaccines; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a very distinct member of genus Megalocytivirus in family Iridoviridae, was recently confirmed as the most alarming causative agent associated with yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus ascites diseases in South China. To better understand how host-pathogen interacting and developing cell-culture based vaccine, establishment of highly susceptible cell line generat ...
... Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is among the most important cultured fish species in China and various viral diseases have greatly affected the largemouth bass industry. We established a permanent cell line from the heart of M. salmoides (MSH) that has been subcultured over 70 times and showed optimal growth at 27 °C using Medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. MSH cells cons ...
... In this study, we established and characterized a continuous cell line from the spinal cord tissue of mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi and assessed its susceptibility to infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), Siniperca chuatsi ranavirus (SCRaV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). The cell line, named SCC, has been successively cultured up to 40 passages. The optimal growing con ...
Aeromonas hydrophila; Edwardsiella tarda; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Oreochromis niloticus; Streptococcus agalactiae; aquaculture; fish; fish farms; histopathology; mortality; pathogens; phylogeny; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; Brazil; Ghana; Thailand
Abstract:
... In June 2020, an atypical fatal outbreak in a Brazilian Nile tilapia farm was investigated. Twenty‐three animals were collected and different tissues were used for bacterial isolation, histopathological and electron microscopic examination and viral detection using molecular methods. A large number of megalocytes were observed in the histopathological analysis of several tissues. Icosahedral virio ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the detrimental viruses causing economic losses in several fish species including Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). In this study, monoclonal antibodies specific to major capsid protein (MCP) of ISKNV were generated. The MCP encoding gene of ISKNV genotype II was cloned into pGEX-6P-1 and transformed into E. coli. After induction, a glu ...
... Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II genes are key factors in presenting antigens derived from extracellular pathogens to CD4⁺ T cells. These genes are known to be associated with disease resistance in livestock, including cultured fish species. Genome-wide linkage analysis of RSIV-resistant red sea bream has revealed that MHC IIβ is linked to the RSIV-resistant trait and was suggested as a p ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a highly infectious and lethal pathogen of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), has resulted in major aquaculture losses over the past few decades. A lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanism of viral infection has impeded the development of effective measures to control ISKNV infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs th ...
... In the present study, the zinc finger aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine (DHHC)-type containing 1 (ZDHHC1) gene was identified in a commercial fish, the Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi. The ZDHHC1 has five putative transmembrane motifs and conserved DHHC domain, showing high amino-acid identity with other teleost fish, and vertebrate ZDHHC1 loci are conserved from fish to human. In vivo express ...
... N-myc-interactor (Nmi) belongs to interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) and is involved in the regulation of physiological processes including viral infection, inflammatory response, apoptosis and tumorigenesis in mammals. However, the function of Nmi in teleost fish remains to be explored. In this study, an Nmi homologue was characterized from mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. The mandarin fish ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the Megalocytivirus genus that infects a number of marine and freshwater fishes, causing huge economic losses in aquaculture. The ISKNV infection leads to increase of reducing power in cells. As the antibiotic neomycin can promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animal cells, in the current study, the pot ...
... The PI3K/AKT/p53 signaling pathway is activated by various types of cellular stimuli or pathogenic infection, and then regulates fundamental cellular functions to combat these stimulations. Here, we studied the meaningful roles of PI3K/AKT/p53 in regulating cellular machine such as autophagy, immune responses, as well as antiviral activity in Chinese perch brain (CPB) cells infected by infectious ...
... Due to its wide host range and frequently causing significant mortality, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has caused huge economic losses on mandarin fish in China. There are no commercial drugs to cure ISKNV, and vaccines are regarded as one of the most effective measures to control virus infection. Because of the weak immunogenicity of antigen protein, subunit vaccines may req ...
... Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the etiological agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND), which causes severe mortality in ornamental goldfish (Carassius auratus), crucian carp (Carassius auratus), and gibel/prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). Quick and hassle-free point-of-care detection of CyHV-2 is vital for the maintenance of ornamental fish health. In this manuscript, we ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Oplegnathus fasciatus; Pagrus major; aquaculture industry; bream; genome; mortality; seawater; virus replication; viruses; water temperature
Abstract:
... Red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) causes serious economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In this paper, we evaluated RSIV kinetics in rock bream under various rearing water temperatures and different RSIV inoculation concentrations. High viral copy numbers (approximately 10³.⁷–10⁶.⁷ RSIV genome copies/L/g) were observed during the period of active fish mortality after RSIV infection at ...
... Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is transcribed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cytokine signalling and causes a rapid inflammatory response to infection. IL-8, also known as chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-8, is regulated by IL-1β and affects the chemotaxis of macrophages and ...
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is an emerging viral pathogen having significant socio-economic and environmental impacts on marine and brackish aquaculture systems. The study documents certain interesting findings of an RSIV disease outbreak that caused 50% cumulative mortality among cage farmed Asian sea bass in India. The confirmatory diagnosis was made based on internationally approved protoco ...
... In this study, the virulence of the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) subtype II (17RbGs isolate) and a novel RSIV mixed subtype I/II (17SbTy isolate), which was genetically characterized in a previous study, were compared. The infectivity to rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) determined by infectious dose (ID₅₀) revealed that 17RbGs isolate was significantly more infective than 17SbTy isolate using ...
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the pathogen that causes red sea bream iridoviral disease. It causes a huge loss to the Japanese aquaculture industry. In 2021, outbreaks of red sea bream iridovirus occurred in South Japan. This study analysed nine whole‐genome sequences of RSIV isolated in Oita and Ehime Prefectures in 2021 using a short‐read next‐generation sequencer. Nine isolates had highly ...
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) been seriously harmed by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in recent years, but the early immune response mechanism of infection is still unknown. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on the spleens of mandarin fish infected with ISKNV at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection (hpi) using short-read Illumina RNA sequencing and long-read Pacific Bios ...
Etroplus suratensis; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; biodiversity; body length; body weight; cell lines; coat proteins; fish communities; histopathology; host range; irrigation; lakes; liver; mortality; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; phylogeny; shrinkage; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viral load; viruses; water supply; wild fish; India
Abstract:
... A large‐scale mortality of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis was reported from Peechi Dam, an artificial tropical lake made for irrigation and drinking water supply in Kerala, India during 2018. This dam is located in the premises of Western Ghats, recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The objective of this study was to identify the aetiological agent of this large‐scale mortal ...
... In fish, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a very important immune-regulatory cytokine that plays a polyfunctional role in inflammation, metabolism, regeneration, and neural processes. IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) is a specific receptor for IL-6 and expressed mainly in immune cells and hepatocytes. In this study, the complete cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) IL-6 and IL ...
... In Korea, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), especially subtype II, has been the main causative agent of red sea bream iridoviral disease since the 1990s. Herein, we report two Korean RSIV isolates with different subtypes based on the major capsid protein and adenosine triphosphatase genes: 17SbTy (RSIV mixed subtype I/II) from Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and 17RbGs (RSIV subtype II) fr ...
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the causative agent of the iridoviral disease with high mortality rates in cultured fish. Our laboratory reported the first case of RSIV infection in India which resulted in mass mortalities of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The RSIV-LC strain isolated from infected fish was subjected to complete genome sequencing and analysis. The complete genome of RSIV-LC wa ...
DNA; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; albino; genotype; histopathology; kidneys; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viruses
Abstract:
... The genus Megalocytivirus includes viruses known to cause significant disease in aquacultured fish stocks. Herein, we report the complete genome sequences of two megalocytiviruses (MCVs) isolated from diseased albino rainbow sharks Epalzeorhynchos frenatum reared on farms in the United States in 2018 and 2019. Histopathological examination revealed typical megalocytivirus microscopic lesions (i.e. ...
... Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes scale drop disease (SDD) in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The outbreaks of this disease are one of the factors causing substantial losses in Asian sea bass aquaculture. In this study, the uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UDG)‐supplemented cross‐priming amplification (UCPA) combined with a colorimetric detection method u ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Japan; genome; genotyping; haplotypes; mortality; phylogeny; single nucleotide polymorphism; viruses
Abstract:
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus of the family Iridoviridae is the cause of serious mass mortality of cultured marine fishes. RSIV‐type megalocytiviruses show extremely high nucleotide sequence identities. Thus, epidemiological studies on this virus are limited. This study developed two primer sets amplifying the regions possessing single nucleotide polymorphi ...
José Gustavo Ramírez‐Paredes; Richard K. Paley; William Hunt; Stephen W. Feist; David M. Stone; Terence R. Field; David J. Haydon; Peter A. Ziddah; Mary Nkansa; James Guilder; Joshua Gray; Samuel Duodu; Emanuel K. Pecku; Joseph A. Awuni; Timothy S. Wallis; David W. Verner‐Jeffreys
... In late 2018, unusual patterns of very high mortality (>50% production) were reported in intensive tilapia cage culture systems across Lake Volta in Ghana. Samples of fish and fry were collected and analysed from two affected farms between October 2018 and February 2019. Affected fish showed darkening, erratic swimming and abdominal distension with associated ascites. Histopathological observation ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a member of family iridoviridae, reported for the first time in a wide range of ornamental fish species in India. Significant mortalities during the year 2018–19 were reported from a number of retailers in the region with various clinical signs. The samples of moribund, dead and apparently healthy ornamental fishes were collected from retailers, ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Siniperca chuatsi; aquaculture; brain; dose response; endocytosis; fisheries; pathogenicity; phosphorylation; protein synthesis; viruses
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease (ISKNVD) caused significant economic losses to the fishery industry. So it is urgent to develop an effective measure for prevention ISKNVD. In this study, we investigated the effects of gefitinib against ISKNV in vitro and vivo. The gefitinib inhibited viral protein synthesis and decreased viral titers with the dose-dependent manner in Chinese pe ...
... Silver pomfret [Pampus argenteus (Euphrasén, 1788)] is a perciform fish that is widely distributed in coastal regions of the Indo-West Pacific, and is a favourite food species in China. A serious disease occurred in silver pomfret at a marine fish farm in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, East China, in the summer of 2018, causing high fish mortality. Infected fish showed darkened skin, imbalanced swimmi ...
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Osphronemus; Turbot reddish body iridovirus; aquaculture; biosecurity; cell lines; coat proteins; cytoplasm; freshwater; genes; kidneys; marine fish; mortality; necrosis; nucleocapsid; phylogeny; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; India; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Megalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South‐East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV‐mediated infectious spleen and kidney ...
DNA-directed DNA polymerase; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Oplegnathus; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; brain; coat proteins; cytopathogenicity; cytoplasm; cytoplasmic inclusions; disease outbreaks; electron microscopy; genes; genomics; kidneys; membrane proteins; mortality; open reading frames; pathogens; phylogeny; ribonucleases; spleen; virion; China
Abstract:
... The spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) is an emerging economical aquaculture species in China in recent years. In the present study, we characterized an iridovirus-like disease outbreak in spotted knifejaw aquaculture industry in Shandong Province (SKIV-SD), China. SKIV-SD induced severe cytopathic effect (CPE) in spotted knifejaw brain (SKB) cells as the infection proceeded. Moreover, elect ...
... Galectin (Gal) is a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding lectin. The members of this family play important roles in the recognition of carbohydrate ligands and in various other biological processes. In this study, we identified the gene encoding Gal-9 in Pagrus major (PmGal-9) and analyzed its expression in various tissues after pathogen challenge. Alignment analysis revealed that the two g ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a fish-pathogenic virus belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus of the family Iridoviridae. In 2018, disease occurrences (40-50% cumulative mortality) associated with ISKNV infection were reported in grown-out Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in an inland freshwater system in Thailand. Clinical samples were collected from seven distin ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Oplegnathus fasciatus; Pagrus major; Turbot reddish body iridovirus; World Organization for Animal Health; adenosinetriphosphatase; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; bream; detection limit; mortality; plasmids; polymerase chain reaction; viruses; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Megalocytivirus is a genus of piscine viruses that belongs to the Iridoviridae family, and this family includes red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. RSIV causes high mortality and economic losses in the rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) Korean aquaculture industry. The World Organization for Animal Health’s Office ...
... In 2016, famers reported mass mortality events in hybrid grouper within 2–4 weeks following transfer to sea cages on the northern coast of Bali. The objective was to obtain an aetiological diagnosis using a broad range of traditional and emerging diagnostic approaches. A group of 24 and 12 fish with and without clinical signs were sampled from 10 affected populations at 9 farms. Samples for histop ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Lates calcarifer; fluorescent antibody technique; freshwater; genotype; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; kidneys; liver; marine fish; morbidity; mortality; pathogenicity; pathogens; spleen; transmission electron microscopes; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Megalocytivirus of family Iridoviridae was considered as one of the most alarming causative agents which caused fatally systemic infection and lead to mass mortalities to world-widely distributed freshwater and marine fish. In recent years, severe diseases with typical symptoms of body blackened, swims slowly to the water surface or surrounding the ponds were observed frequently in cultured Asian ...
Aeromonas hydrophila; Edwardsiella tarda; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Vibrio harveyi; White spot syndrome virus; aquaculture; automation; early diagnosis; fish; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; necrosis; organ-on-a-chip; pathogens; plasmids; viruses
Abstract:
... Rapid and user‐friendly diagnostic tests are necessary for early diagnosis and immediate detection of diseases, particularly for on‐site screening of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a dual‐sample microfluidic chip integrated with a real‐time fluorogenic loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay (dual‐sample on‐chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 pathogen ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; antiviral properties; aquaculture; carbon nanotubes; complement; digestive tract; drug carriers; drugs; enzymes; fish; mortality
Abstract:
... Infectious diseases of viral origin cause major aquatic production losses in different parts of the world. There are lots of limited therapeutic effects for large amounts of antiviral drugs because of several impenetrable barriers (cell, skin, and gastrointestinal tract). In this study, we selected moroxydine hydrochloride (Mor) for the treatment of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISK ...
... Interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) exert multiple functions in immune system, and IFN-induced protein 35 (IFP35), which is a member of ISG, has been suggested to be involved in numerous cellular activities including the regulation of antiviral immunity in mammals. However, the role of IFP35 in fish innate immunity remains largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the IFP35 gene ...
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is one of the most economically important aquaculture species in China. Mandarin fish aquaculture has experienced major losses in the past few decades because of outbreaks of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Little is known about the immune mechanism of pathogenetic and resistant mandarin fish infected with ISKNV. Here, the transcriptome and pr ...
Francisella; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Maccullochella peelii peelii; anorexia; case studies; females; fish farms; gills; grouper; histopathology; macrophages; males; mixed infection; mortality; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); splenomegaly; swimming; viruses; China
Abstract:
... From October–December 2018, a mass mortality among cultured pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatus) occurred on a private grouper farm in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Approximately 120 dead fish from each pond were recorded daily, and the cumulative mortality was up to 52% within 56 days. Diseased fish showed clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, slo ...
Aeromonas hydrophila; Ctenopharyngodon idella; Edwardsiella tarda; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Paralichthys olivaceus; Vibrio alginolyticus; antibodies; aquaculture industry; ethics; farmed fish; field experimentation; fish production; food safety; immune response; inactivated vaccines; live vaccines; markets; shellfish; sustainable development; turbot; vaccination; veterinary medicine; China
Abstract:
... In the past decades, the aquaculture industry made great progress in China, which contributes more than 70% yield of the world's farmed fish. Along with the rapid growth of fish production, increased emergence and outbreak of numbers of diseases pose harm to the aquaculture industry and food safety. From the efficient, safe, environmental and ethical aspects, vaccines is definitely the most approp ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis, caused by the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), has damaged the economy of the world fish industry. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel, sensitive, accurate and absolute quantitation method that does not require a standard curve. In this study, we established a sensitive ddPCR method to rapidly detect and quantify ISKNV DNA. The establis ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Oplegnathus fasciatus; Pagrus major; adjuvants; aluminum hydroxide; antigens; bream; cell lines; dose response; mortality; squalene; water temperature
Abstract:
... A formalin-inactivated red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) vaccine was prepared using the culture supernatant of a persistently infected Pagrus major fin cell line (PI-PMF) with IVS-1 strain (RSIV subtype II Meglaocytivirus). Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were injected with a high-dose, ultracentrifuged megalocytivirus vaccine (Ultra HSCMV, 7.0 × 10¹⁰ copies/mL), a high-dose supernatant of cultur ...
... Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in organisms, including the structure and liquidity of cell membranes, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Very little has been done in terms of the effect of PUFAs on cell death, especially on DNA virus. In this study, we demonstrated that the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) can induce host cell death via the apoptotic ...
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an important economic fish in China. Viral and bacterial diseases seriously affect the artificial culture of S. chuatsi. As a carnivorous fish, artificial feed domestication is also an important means to improve the scale of S. chuatsi culture. Therefore, the study of immunology and digestive physiology is very important to the industrial development of S. chua ...
DNA; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Osphronemus; anorexia; coat proteins; financial economics; fish; fish diseases; food animals; genes; hemorrhage; histopathology; industry; intraperitoneal injection; kidneys; liver; mortality; pathogens; phylogeny; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); spleen; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Megalocytivirus of family Iridoviridae has been identified as a pathogen that caused the fatal systemic infection to lead to massive death of numerous fish species in both ornamental and food fish industries. It caused significant economic losses due to severe mortality of infected fish. Since 2011 in Indonesia, megalocytivirus in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) had been found as the main patho ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by complementary binding to target mRNAs. Virus-encoded miRNAs play important roles in virus life cycle and virus-host interactions. Viruses from the Megalocytivirus genus, family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of fishes, bringing great challenges to aquaculture. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosi ...
... The virus inactivation test is a critical skill in inactivated vaccine production. Active viruses produced viral mRNA in susceptible cells or the host can be used to infer whether a DNA virus is replicating by RT-PCR. But it is generally difficult to avoid genomic DNA contamination in the samples. However, the use of primers spanning an intron is an effective alternative for virus inactivation tes ...
... Co-infections with pathogenic microorganisms are common in aquaculture, resulting in more serious economic losses than single-pathogen infection. Infection of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) often occurs together with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) culture ponds. In this study, A. hydrophila and ISKNV were inoculated into Chinese perch ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; antiviral agents; carbon nanotubes; complement; drug carriers; drugs; enzyme activity; fish; fish diseases; gastrointestinal system; genes; mortality; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) cause a high mortality disease which leads to a significant economic loss on mandarin fish in China. At present, there is no effective drug against this fatal disease because of several impenetrable barriers (cell, skin and gastrointestinal tract). In this study, we selected ganciclovir for the treatment of ISKNV and choose single-walled carbon n ...
... Interferons (IFNs) can induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein, to inhibit virus replication. In this study, the expression of Mx gene in mandarin fish, and the IFN-sensitive response elements (ISREs) and gamma-interferon activated sites (GASs) in the promoter of Mx gene were analyzed in relation to the stimulation of three distinct type I IF ...
... Megalocytivirus, the causative agent for Red Sea Bream Iridoviral Disease (RSIVD), is classified into three genotypes based on its phylogeny: Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV), Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), and Turbot Reddish Body Iridovirus (TRBIV). To overcome drawbacks such as limitation of genotypic variant type discrimination and unexpected PCR reaction from an SYBR green ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; antibody formation; blood serum; enzymes; fish; fish culture; mortality; shellfish; subunit vaccines; vaccination; China
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) cause a high mortality disease which brings substantial economic losses to the mandarin fish culture industry in China. This study was aimed at optimizing the efficacy of a SWCNTs-based immersion subunit vaccine (SWCNTs-M-MCP) which as a promising vaccine against ISKNV. Mandarin fish were vaccinated by immersion, then we designed an orthogonal ex ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Lates calcarifer; Turbot reddish body iridovirus; World Organization for Animal Health; aquaculture industry; coat proteins; etiological agents; fingerlings; fish culture; freshwater fish; genes; genetic variation; genotype; host range; mortality; nucleotide sequences; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; perch; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; viruses; South East Asia; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The Megalocytivirus genus includes three genotypes, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), and has caused mass mortalities in various marine and freshwater fish species in East and Southeast Asia. Of the three genotypes, TRBIV-like megalocytivirus is not included in the World Organization for Animal Health ( ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Paralichthys olivaceus; Sebastes schlegelii; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; early diagnosis; fish; genome; mortality; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; viruses; South Korea
Abstract:
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are the most important viral marine pathogens in South Korea because RSIV and VHSV infect and cause high mortality rates in major fish species such as Paralichthys olivaceus and Sebastes schlegelii. These viruses can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally, and early diagnosis is imperative. In this research, RSI ...
... The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH‐funded Zebrafish International Resource ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; antibody formation; blood serum; carbon nanotubes; enzyme activity; fish; fish culture; fish industry; genes; immunization; juveniles; kidneys; mortality; muscles; recombinant vaccines; spleen; tissues; transcription (genetics); China
Abstract:
... As a high mortality disease, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) can cause massive economic damage on mandarin fish farming industry in China, which seriously hindered the development of mandarin fish farming industry. In this research, SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) as a candidate for DNA vaccine carrier was vaccinated by immersion (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/L) in juvenile manda ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), causing serious infectious diseases to marine and freshwater fishes, is the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae. In this study, the transcriptional programs of ISKNV in vitro (MFF-1 cells) and in vivo (spleens from mandarin fish) were investigated using real-time PCR. Transcription of all the putative open reading fram ...
... The mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi is a cultured freshwater fish species that is popular in China because of its high market value. With the development of high-density cultural mode in mandarin fish, viral diseases such as Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) are becoming increasingly serious. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a central component in the innate immune respo ...
... Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2) is a Zn2+-dependent peptidase that plays important roles in binding to microbial components of the cell membrane, inducing phagocytosis and antimicrobial activity. Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) PGRP2 (RbPGRP2) was identified in the intestine by next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The open reading frame (ORF) the RbPGRP2 cDNA (470 amino acid r ...
... Siniperca chuatsi is an economically important fish in China, but infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) causes high mortality and significant economic losses. Currently, vaccination is the most promising strategy to prevent infectious diseases, while adjuvant can effectively enhance immune responses. In this study, inactivated ISKNV vaccine was prepared, then poly (I:C), chitosan, an ...
... The interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) protein is expected to play a role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in adult mice, since it is known to repress transcription of NF-κB in myoblasts that regenerate skeletal muscle after traumatic injury Micheli et al., 2011. The IFRD2 gene is expressed in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain, lung, placenta ...
... C-reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is an acute-phase response to plasma protein; its level in blood increases rapidly in response to trauma, inflammation, and infection. In the present study, we analysed the molecular characteristics of the Oplegnathus fasciatus CRP (RbCRP) gene sequence using multiple alignments and phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acids. I ...
... Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) repressing factor (NKRF) specifically inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-κB protein. The PmNKRF cDNA is composed of 757 amino acid residues. Alignment analysis revealed that the G-patch and R3H domains are conserved in different organisms. We aimed to analyse red sea bream NKRF (PmNKRF) gene expression after infection with pathogens [Streptococcus iniae or re ...
... Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are widely distributed integral membrane proteins implicated in membrane trafficking. Secretory carrier membrane protein 5 (SCAMP5) is expected to be involved in regulation of the immune response because it is expressed in a variety of immune tissues and promotes the secretion of cytokines in monocytes and macrophages. In this study, we performed an ana ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Retroviridae; Siniperca chuatsi; T-lymphocytes; amino acids; carcinogenesis; cell proliferation; death; fish; fish diseases; fruit diseases; gene deletion; genes; growth curves; homologous recombination; humans; immunoglobulin M; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-8; live vaccines; terminal repeat sequences; viral load; virulence; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a significant cultured species with high added value in China. With the expansion of farming, diseases of mandarin fish such as Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) diseases are becoming more and more serious. Human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H long terminal repeat associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a type 1 transmembrane molecule with three e ...
... The bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, is an important aquacultural and recreational species in southern China because of its excellent taste, rapid growth rate, and good looks. At present, few pathogens are known to affect the bluegill sunfish. However, an iridovirus-like disease recently caused heavy losses to the bluegill sunfish aquaculture industry in Guangdong, China. We report that a vi ...
... Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immune-regulatory cytokine with multiple functions. In the current study, IL-10 and its two receptors, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 were identified in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. The inhibitory effect of mandarin fish IL-10 was investigated on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and the ligand-receptor relationship. This IL-10 possesses conserved cysteine residues, predicte ...
... Since the first outbreak of Megalocytivirus infection in cultured marine fish in the 1990s, the Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) subtype II and Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) type Megalocytivirus have been prevalent in Korea. Based on the major capsid protein (MCP) genes, the RSIV subtype II, as the predominant genotype, was identified in marine and freshwater fish including thread-sail fil ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is one of major viral diseases in marine fish species. Here, we isolated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) from diseased barramundi in Thailand and evaluated its pathogenicity with intramuscular challenge in naïve barramundi. ISKNV infection in grunt fin (GF) cells was observed within 14 days post inoculation (dpi) by immunofl ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) cause a high mortality disease which lead to significant economic loss on mandarin fish in China. There is no effective drug or vaccine against this fatal disease at present. Meanwhile, many drugs and vaccines had no effect in many cases account of several impenetrable barriers (cell, skin and gastrointestinal tract). Here we reported an immersio ...
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a universally farmed fish species in China and has a large farming scale and economic value. With the high-density cultural mode in mandarin fish, viral diseases, such as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), have increased loss, which has seriously restricted the development of aquaculture. Y-Box binding ...
... The genus Megalocytivirus (MCV) includes Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) which are listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). MCV has a broad host range and can be present as a persistent subclinical infection in some fish. Australia is considered free from MCV and important aquaculture and wild fisheries are at risk. Consequent ...
... There is an increasing number of emerging infectious agents, although not zoonotic, that affect farmed tilapines worldwide. Most recently, the emergence of a new virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV), has diverted global attention to it while little or no research is being done on the other viruses of possible equal importance. These other viruses have reportedly been associated with relatively high mo ...
... Atypical chemokine receptor 4 (ACKR4) is regulated by cytokines, binds chemokines and regulates the chemokine gradient. We verified the cDNA sequence by confirming ACKR4 from red sea bream (PmACKR4) by next generation sequencing (NGS) and analysed the molecular characteristics and gene expression profile. In the analysis using the predicted amino acid sequence of PmACKR4, a highly conserved G prot ...
... Movements of large volumes and species varieties make the ornamental fish industry a high‐risk pathway for the transfer of aquatic pathogens to new geographical regions and naïve hosts, potentially resulting in emergency disease events. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (genus Megalocytivirus) is considered exotic to Australia despite documented incursions since 2003. There are current i ...
... Predicting antigens that would be protective is crucial for the development of recombinant vaccine using genome based vaccine development, also known as reverse vaccinology. High-throughput antigen screening is effective for identifying vaccine target genes, particularly for pathogens for which minimal antigenicity data exist. Using red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) as a research model, we developed ...
... C-type lectin (CTL) is an immune receptor and is received extensive attention of its important roles in immune response and immune escape. Some CTL, such as CTL4, has been well characterized in human and several other mammals, but much less documentation exists about the immunological function of CTL4 in lower vertebrates. In the present study, a C-type lectin domain family 4 member, SsCTL4, which ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Pagrus major; adenosinetriphosphatase; coat proteins; genes; genotype; open reading frames; phylogeny; viruses
Abstract:
... Megalocytiviruses are classified into three genotypes, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red seabream virus (RSIV), and turbo reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), based on the major capsid protein and ATPase genes. However, only a few complete genome sequences have been obtained. This paper reports the complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of an RSIV-Ku strain megalocyt ...
... Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of mediators in various biological processes including immune modulation of interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, the data on the complete composition of IRFs is rather limited in teleost fish. In the present study, all IRF members, i.e. IRF1‒11 with two IRF4, IRF4a and IRF4b have been characterised in an aquaculture sp ...
Roberto Bermúdez; Ana Paula Losada; Ana Manuela de Azevedo; Jorge Guerra‐Varela; David Pérez‐Fernández; Laura Sánchez; Francesc Padrós; Barbara Nowak; María Isabel Quiroga
... Zebrafish has become a popular research model in the last years, and several diseases affecting zebrafish research facilities have been reported. However, only one case of naturally occurring viral infections was described for this species. In 2015, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in zebrafish from a research facility in Spain. Affected fish showed lethargy, loss o ...
... Teleost fish are unique in having type I and type II interferons (IFNs) only, and the type I IFNs are classified into Group one and Group two based on the presence of two or four cysteines respectively, and are further classified into seven subgroups. In the present study, three distinct type I IFNs, IFNc, IFNd and IFNh, have been identified in the genome sequences of a perciform fish, the mandari ...
... Murwantoko, Sari DWK, Handayani CR, Whittington RJ. 2018. Genotype determination of megalocytivirus from Indonesian Marine Fishes. Biodiversitas 19: 1730-1736. Megalocytivirus is the newest genus within the family of Iridoviridae which can be divided into groups represented by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and turbot reddish body iridovirus (T ...
... The complement system plays an important role in immune regulation and acts as the first line of defense against any pathogenic attack. To comprehend the red sea bream (Pagrus major) immune response, three complement genes, namely, pmC1r, pmMASP and pmC3, belonging to the classical, lectin and alternative complement cascade, respectively, were identified and characterized. pmC1r, pmMASP, and pmC3 ...
... Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-1 is well known for its role as an inhibitor of blood coagulation. Several studies have demonstrated that the C-terminal peptides of TFPI-1 are active against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. In a previous study, we found that TO17 (with 17 amino acids), a TFPI-1 C-terminal peptide from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), was active against Edwardsiella tarda. ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has caused significant losses in the cultured mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) industry. The molecular mechanisms that underlie interaction between ISKNV and hosts are not fully understood. In this study, the proteomic profile of CPB cells at progressive time points after ISKNV infection was analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute qu ...
... Red Sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) was initially isolated from marine fish, which belongs to Megalocytivirus, Iridoviridae. It can cause great economic losses in fish culture with high morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the pathogenicity and immune response associated with a RSIV genotype megalocytivirus infection were determined in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Fish challenged showe ...
... An outbreak of a Megalocytivirus infection was found in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri during September and October 2016, in Korea. Phylogeny and genetic diversity based on the major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes showed a new strain. Designated as GMIV, this strain derived from the golden mandarin fish was suggested to belong to the red sea bream ir ...
... Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) is an analogue of TFPI-1 and a potent endogenous inhibitor of tissue factor (TF)-mediated blood coagulation. Previous reports have shown that several peptides derived from human and vertebrates TFPI-2 possess antibacterial activity against diverse bacteria. In this study, a C-terminal peptide, TO24 (with 24 amino acids), derived from red drum (Sciaenops o ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the major epidemiological agents that had caused great economic loss in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). In this study, a specific TaqMan real-time PCR was developed using a pair of primers and a TaqMan probe specific to the ORF007 gene of ISKNV to rapidly detect ISKNV copies in Chinese perch samples. This assay was optimized to produ ...
... Autophagy plays important functions in viral replication and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the replication of infectious kidney and spleen necrosis virus (ISKNV), an agent that has caused devastating losses in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) industry. We found that ISKNV infection triggered the complete autophagic process, as demonstrated by microtubule-as ...
... In spite of the quite common co-infections of viruses in the cultured fish, most of the previous studies have just simply focused on the infection of a single pathogen. In this report, we observed that about 13% of cultured Chinese perch have been co-infected by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). Furthermore, Chinese perch could co-infecte ...
... We developed a cell line (SKF-9) from spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), which is highly susceptible to red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). Cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized by rounding and enlargement was clearly observed in RSIV-infected SKF-9 cells. The amount of viral production of SKF-9 cells was approximately 100 times greater than that of GF cells, which is conventionally used for R ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae. The ISKNV-infected cells in fish tissues are attached by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which is a unique pathological phenomenon of ISKNV infection. The viral proteins VP23R and VP08R and the host protein nidogen-1 constitute the virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) on th ...
... Red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) is a major viral disease in red sea bream farming in Japan. Previously, we identified one candidate male individual of red sea bream that was significantly associated with convalescent individuals after RSIVD. The purpose of this study is to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to the RSIVD-resistant trait for future marker-assisted selection ( ...