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... For many organisms, habitat avoidance provides the first line of defence against parasitic infection. Changes in infection status can shift the cost-benefit ratio of remaining in a given habitat vs dispersing. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the propensity to disperse in Drosophila nigrospiracula is mediated by current parasite load and the risk of further infection by an ect ...
... The burial of a cadaver results in reduced arthropod activity and disruptions in colonisation patterns. Here, the distribution and diversity of mite taxa was studied across decomposition stages of shallowly buried pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus). In total 300 mites (88 species) were collected from three pig shallow graves compared to 129 mites (46 species) from control (bare) soil samples at ...
Macrocheles; Saccharum; Stomoxys calcitrans; acarology; cattle; fertilizers; forests; immatures; new species; parasites; pastures; sugarcane; vinasse; Brazil
Abstract:
... The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is one of the main pests of livestock in Brazil, especially in areas where cattle is raised next to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) fields in which vinasse is used as a fertilizer. Knowledge about the predatory mites associated with this parasite in the field may be helpful in designing programs to control it biologically. Mites of the family Macrochelidae are ...
... Parasites exert numerous effects upon their hosts, including physiological and metabolic changes that can in turn influence various aspects of host life history. Using flow‐through respirometry, we investigated how infection intensity of an ectoparasitic mite (Macrocheles subbadius) affects the respiratory rate (CO₂ production) of its host Drosophila nigrospiracula. Mean fly respiratory rate incre ...
Drosophila; Macrocheles; ectoparasites; fearfulness; males; metabolism; mites; risk; sexual selection
Abstract:
... The ‘ecology of fear’ describes the negative effects natural enemies have on potential victims even when those victims are not consumed or infected. Although recent work has demonstrated parasites have non-consumptive effects (NCE) on potential hosts, how these effects vary within host populations is not well understood. We investigated how NCE vary based on host risk of infection and relative cos ...
... Seven species of mites were found associated with the dung beetle Oxysternum conspicillatum in Colombia. Macrocheles neotransversus sp. nov. based on adults and the male of Macrocheles magna are described. Both species belong to the mitis species-group (Holocelaeno). Macrocheles boxi, M. phanaei, M. roquensis and Glyptholaspis confusa are reported for the first time in Colombia. Additionally, a ca ...
... Reproduction is a key determinant of organismal fitness, but organisms almost always face the threat of parasite infection. Thus, potential trade-offs between mating and parasite resistance may have substantial impacts on the ecology and evolution of host species. Although trade-offs between microbial resistance and mating in arthropods are well-documented, there is a paucity of evidence that mati ...
Macrocheles; Musca domestica; Nematoda; biological control; biological control agents; case studies; containers; diet; eggs; fecundity; free-living nematodes; imagos; long term experiments; predation; predatory mites; soil
Abstract:
... Species of soil predatory mites feed on a diverse diet making them excellent biocontrol candidates for conservation biocontrol programs. Free-living nematodes (FLN) are commonly found in soils and serve as prey for many soil predatory mites, but as far as we know, have never been used as alternative prey to enhance the efficacy of soil predatory mites for conservation biological control. Our goal ...
... Mites should not be overlooked as a forensic tool, as many are commonly associated with decomposing animal matter and are closely associated with specific insect carriers and habitats. It is necessary to increase our understanding of the diversity of mites that are found in human and animal remains, their geographical distribution, and their population dynamics. This work is the first study of the ...
... Worldwide, the potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most severe pests affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), whether in open-air crops or during tuber storage. This work examines the potential control of this pest by two species of predatory mites, Macrocheles robustulus (Berlese) and Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese), on pest eggs under laboratory conditions. I ...
... Many animals use behavioral defenses such as grooming to avoid or mitigate the negative effects of infection by ectoparasites. Grooming can be energetically costly and may trade off with other host activities. We hypothesize that self-grooming comes at a cost and, therefore, compromises future parasite resistance and other energetically expensive activities, namely flight. We measured the rates of ...
... Habitat avoidance is an anti-parasite behaviour exhibited by at-risk hosts that can minimize exposure to parasites. Because environments are often heterogeneous, host decision-making with regards to habitat use may be affected by the presence of parasites and habitat quality simultaneously. In this study we examine how the ovipositing behaviour of a cactiphilic fruit fly, Drosophila nigrospiracula ...
... Only two parasite interactions are known for Drosophila to date: Allantonematid nematodes associated with mycophagous Drosophilids and the ectoparasitic mite Macrocheles subbadius with the Sonoran Desert endemic Drosophila nigrospiracula. Unlike the nematode-Drosophila association, breadth of mite parasitism on Drosophila species is unknown. As M. subbadius is a generalist, parasitism of additiona ...
... A new species, Macrocheles kekensis sp. n., is described based from three specimens associated with a cetoniin beetle (Hoplia hungarica Burmeister, 1844). The new species differs from the other known European macrochelid species in having 29 pairs of dorsal setae, j1 and z1 short and robust, other dorsal setae long and pilose, and the absence of apodemes between the genital and ventrianal shields. ...
... The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) and horn fly (Haematobia irritans) are mainly parasites of cattle that spend the early phase of their life cycle in decaying vegetation, manure and soil, as members of a wide range of other harmful and beneficial arthropods. Predators of the family Macrochelidae are considered beneficial mites that have been considered promising biological control agents of fly ...
... Parasites are known to have direct negative effects on host fitness; however, the indirect effects of parasitism on host fitness sans infection are less well understood. Hosts undergo behavioural and physiological changes when in proximity to parasites. Yet, there is little experimental evidence showing that these changes lead to long-term decreases in host fitness. We aimed to determine if parasi ...
... Comparative and phylogenetic studies reveal that parasites evolved from free-living ancestors, but the underlying processes and mechanisms are not well understood. In order for selection to favor the evolution of parasitism, there must be pre-existing adaptations for host exploitation and a fitness advantage favoring the transition to parasitism. Here, we experimentally investigate the differentia ...
Macrocheles; Nicrophorus; cytochrome-c oxidase; fauna; hosts; new species; phylogeny; surveys; North America
Abstract:
... Burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) are hosts to a broad diversity of mites (Acari), including several species of Macrocheles Latreille, 1829 (Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae). The macrochelid fauna associated with silphids primarily in North America was surveyed; in total, 1659 macrochelids representing seven species were collected from 112 Nicrophorus beetles representing nine host species. Thr ...
Diptera; Macrocheles; ectoparasites; environmental factors; females; fruit flies; genotype; hosts; life history; mites; models; parasitism; phenotype; starvation
Abstract:
... Parasites can evolve phenotypically plastic strategies for transmission such that a single genotype can give rise to a range of phenotypes depending on the environmental condition. State-dependent plasticity in particular can arise from individual differences in the parasite's internal state or the condition of the host. Facultative parasites serve as ideal model systems for investigating state-de ...
Drosophila hydei; Macrocheles muscaedomesticae; body size; body weight; females; host preferences; hosts; mites; parasites
Abstract:
... Heterogeneities in parasite infection among conspecific hosts often manifest as sex- or size-biased infections, which are typically attributed to differential host susceptibility and exposure. Since parasite fitness is often tied to host quality, host preference by parasites is likely to be under strong selection. We test the hypothesis that host preference is sufficient to generate variability in ...
Copris; Macrocheles; Parasitus consanguineus; dung beetles; endangered species; ex situ conservation; mites; phoresy; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Phoresy is one of the dispersal mechanisms of wingless microarthropods such as mites attached on the winged host. Mites associated with two scarabaeid beetles, Copris ochus and C. tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were collected from the ex-situ conservation site in Heongseong, Gangwon province in Korea. Among them, four species Copriphis hastatellus Berlese, 1910 (Eviphididae); Holostaspella ...
... 1. Dispersal is essential for locating mates, new resources, and to escape unfavourable conditions. Parasitism can impact a host's ability to perform energetically demanding activities such as long‐distance flight, with important consequences for gene flow and meta‐population dynamics. 2. Ectoparasites, in particular, can adversely affect host flight performance by diminishing flight aerodynamics ...
Coleoptera; Eucalyptus; Macrocheles; Parasitus; arthropod communities; dead animals; ecosystems; insects; meat carcasses; mites; reproductive traits; species diversity; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Carrion is an ephemeral and nutrient-rich resource that attracts a diverse array of arthropods as it decomposes. Carrion-associated mites often disperse between animal carcasses using phoresy, the transport of one species by another. Yet few studies have contrasted the dynamics of mite assemblages with other insect taxa present at carrion. We examined and compared the changes in abundance, species ...
... There is a great deal of diversity among phoretic association particularly in mesostigmatic mites that exploited insect host to complete their dispersal strategy. Similarly, the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, also has been used as a carrier by the phoretic mites. In this study, we found Centrouropoda almerodai (Uropodidae), Macrocheles mammifer, Macrocheles cf. oigru (Macrochelidae), ...
Veigaia; Gamasellus; national parks; Macrocheles; mountains; mites; soil; species diversity; fauna; Poland
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to recognize the species composition of soil mites of the order Mesostigmata in the soil/litter collected from rock cracks and crevices in Szczeliniec Wielki and Błędne Skały rock labirynths in the area of the Stołowe Mountains National Park (part of the Sudetes in SW Poland). Overall, 27 species were identified from 41 samples collected between September 2001 and August ...
... In Macrocheles glaber (Müller), oviposition can involve either oviparity or egg production followed by immediate hatching of the larva, a process that may be called ovoviviparity. We observed three phases in the process of ovoviviparity: preoviposition behaviour, oviposition followed by holding the egg under the gnathosoma and hatching of the larva assisted by the female. Two factors appear to fav ...
... Frankliniella occidentalis is a major pest in agriculture. Problems with its control are mainly due to pupation in the soil and resistance to insecticides. Biological control agents (BCA) can be used against thrips pests as an alternative to conventional insecticides. We evaluated the effectiveness of a number of BCA for control of F. occidentalis in cyclamen under greenhouse conditions. Three BCA ...
... Some members of the genus Spiroplasma are vertically transmitted endosymbionts of insects. Among them, Spiroplasma sp. Dhd, a member of the Spiroplasma poulsonii clade, is highly prevalent among worldwide populations of Drosophila hydei. Here we found that 53 out of 3,763 wild-caught D. hydei (1.4 %) were ectoparasitized by the mite that belong to the genus Macrocheles. Many of the ectoparasitized ...
M. Patricia Chaires-Grijalva; Edith G. Estrada-Venegas; Armando Equihua-Martínez; John C. Moser; Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez; Ignacio M. Vázquez-Rojas; Gabriel Otero-Colina; Jesús Romero-Nápoles
... We report 7 species of mesostigmatid mites associated to Dendroctonus rhizophagus. Samples were taken in the state of Chihuahua (June and July 2008–2011). The roots of Pinus arizonica were observed under the microscope to obtain mites associated to D. rhizophagus and their galleries. Collection from Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) and Instituto Poli ...
... We describe from the NW Mediterranean Sea a new copepod species of Anthessiidae, Anthessius alpheusicolous, found in association with the snapping shrimp Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835). The new species is differentiated from its 40 congeners by the formula of the third segment of the fourth exopod, the number and morphology of the terminal claws on the antenna, the armature of the mandible, ...
Decapoda; Macrocheles; coasts; color; new species; shrimp; Ascension; Atlantic Ocean
Abstract:
... Alpheus cedrici sp. n. is described based on two specimens collected under rocks while scuba diving off the coast of Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean. The new species belongs to the Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835) species complex and appears to be most closely related to the eastern–central Atlantic Alpheus macrocheles, the western Atlantic Alpheus amblyonyx Chace, 1972, and the east ...
Coleoptera; Macrocheles; mites; new species; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Three species assignable to the Macrocheles kraepelini species complex of the Macrocheles glaber species group were recorded from Mount Ijen, East Java, Indonesia. Mites of the complex were collected from trogid beetles for the first time. Of these, one species, Macrocheles ijenensis, is new to science and is distinguished from other members of the complex by distinct coarse sternal ornamentation. ...
... Free-living predatory mites are one of the most abundant and species-rich group of arthropods in the soil, with a great potential for pest control. In the present study we examined the predatory mite fauna in the soil of citrus orchards in order to evaluate their potential as natural enemies of thrips pests and especially of Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Moreover, two t ...
Macrocheles; Scarabaeidae; dung beetles; mites; national parks; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Fourteen mite species in three genera of the family Macrochelidae were collected from the body surface of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) in Mt Merapi National Park, Jogyakarta, Indonesia. Of these, three species, Macrocheles turgoensis n. sp., M. pumilus n. sp. and Glyptholaspis merapiensis n. sp., were described as new to science. The remaining 11 species were Glyptholaspis fimicola (Sellnick, 1931) ...
... We surveyed the Mesostigmatid mite fauna of nests of the black stork Ciconia nigra, to determine the role of these mites in the biology of their hosts. We present preliminary results obtained on the basis of material collected from 31 nests. A total of 1,615 mite specimens was recorded, belonging to 39 species. The most abundant species were Dendrolaelaps strenzkei, Apionoseius infirmus, Macrochel ...
... We test for fitness costs of resistance in a natural host-parasite system, involving Drosophila nigrospiracula and ectoparasitic mites, Macrocheles subbadius. We contrasted rates of mortality at embryonic and pupal stages of host ontogeny between replicate-resistant and -susceptible (control) lines at different temperatures (24, 28, and 34°C). Evidence for a cost of resistance was shown as a 17% o ...
insect growth; life history; correlated responses; ectoparasites; Macrocheles; host-parasite relationships; genetic correlation; air temperature; population density; larvae; ecological competition; imagos; pest resistance; Drosophila; artificial selection
Abstract:
... Costs of resistance are expected to contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation for resistance in natural host populations. In the present study, we experimentally test for genetic trade-offs between parasite resistance and larval competitive ability expressed under varying levels of crowding and temperature. Artificial selection for increased behavioral resistance was applied against an ec ...
... The fauna of Mesostigmata in nests of the white stork Ciconia ciconia was studied in the vicinity of Poznań (Poland). A total of 37 mite species was recovered from 11 of the 12 nests examined. The mite fauna was dominated by the family Macrochelidae. Macrocheles merdarius was the most abundant species, comprising 56% of all mites recovered. Most of the abundant mite species were associated with du ...
Carcinops; Macrocheles; cultural control; biological control agents; poultry housing; Musca; Staphylinidae; poultry manure; predators; animal manure management; Fannia; nontarget organisms; adverse effects; insect control; California
Abstract:
... Pest fly larvae and adults (Musca, Fannia spp.) and key predator arthropods (Macrocheles mites, Carcinops adults and Histeridae larvae, Staphylinidae larvae) were monitored for 2 yr on 3 southern California caged-layer poultry facilities. In each manure cleanout cycle, all manure rows were removed initially in normal removal houses (Normal), while half of the manure was left undisturbed in alterna ...
... Numerous insects, including Drosophila nigrospiracula, that inhabit necrotic cacti of the Sonoran desert are host to Macrocheles subbadius, a cosmopolitan mesostigmatid mite. This paper shows that the mite pierces Drosophila integument and ingests haemolymph while attached to the abdomen of its host. Among field—caught flies, there was a strong negative relationship between mite load and wet mass ...