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1. Genetic variability and trait association under thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) infestation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

Author:
Johnson Oluwaseyi Toyinbo; Christian Fatokun; Ousmane Boukar; Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele Fakorede
Source:
Euphytica 2021 v.217 no.6 pp. 110
ISSN:
0014-2336
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; flower buds; genetic variation; germplasm; heritability; peduncle; phenotype; phenotypic variation; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Flower bud thrips is one of the most destructive insect pests of cowpea in sub-Saharan Africa. Information on genetic variability among cowpea germplasm and interrelationships among traits under thrips infestation would facilitate the development of resistant varieties. The objectives of the study were to assess genetic variability for thrips resistance, estimate heritability of yield and other tr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10681-021-02849-1

2. Exploiting Thrips Aggregation Pheromones to Develop a Lure-and-Kill Strategy for the Management of the Bean Flower Thrips

Author:
David K. Mfuti; Amanuel Tamiru; William D. J. Kirk; Adeyemi O. Akinyemi; Heather Campbell; Matthew O’Brien; Falko P. Drijfhout; Tom W. Pope; Saliou Niassy; Sevgan Subramanian
Source:
Agronomy 2021 v.11 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium anisopliae; agronomy; antifungal properties; attractants; beans; biopesticides; conidia; dose response; entomopathogenic fungi; flowers; spot spraying; viability
Abstract:
... The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy11071269

3. Flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) population diversity and sources of resistance among Benin cowpea germplasm

Author:
Symphorien Agbahoungba; Benjamin Datinon; Maxwell Billah; Hospice Tamegnon Tossou; Eric Etchikinto Agoyi; Akovognon Dieudonne Kpoviessi; Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo; Brice Sinsin
Source:
Annals of applied biology 2021 v.179 no.3 pp. 395-404
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Sericothrips; Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; flower buds; flowers; germplasm; greenhouses; host plants; regression analysis; Benin
Abstract:
... Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a main legume food cultivated for its leaves and grains in Benin. However, cowpea production is limited by insect pests with flower bud thrips being the most damaging and can cause up to 100% yield loss. Host plant resistance is the best strategy to control the pest. This study aimed to screen Benin cowpea germplasm for resistance to flower bud thrips. Fort ...
DOI:
10.1111/aab.12713

4. Push-pull strategy combined with net houses for controlling cowpea insect pests and enhancing crop yields

Author:
Seydou Diabate; Thibaud Martin; Lucy Kananu Murungi; Komi K.M. Fiaboe; John Wesonga; John M. Kimani; Emilie Deletre
Source:
Crop protection 2021 v.141 pp. 105480
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Aphis craccivora; Clavigralla tomentosicollis; Cymbopogon citratus; Empoasca; Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Tagetes minuta; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; climate change; cowpeas; dry season; grain yield; insect pests; integrated pest management; pesticides; plant protection; wet season; Kenya
Abstract:
... Net houses can be used in tropical environments to protect crops such as cowpea against large insect pests, thereby avoiding pesticide treatments while sustainably mitigating the effects of climate change. We investigated a push-pull strategy to prevent small insect pest outbreaks in a net house. The push component consisted of two stimulus plants, i.e. Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta, and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105480

5. Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Saliou Niassy; Amanuel Tamiru; James G. C. Hamilton; William D. J. Kirk; Roland Mumm; Cassie Sims; Willem Jan de Kogel; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K. Maniania; Krishnakumari Bandi; Fraser Mitchell; Sevgan Subramanian
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2019 v.45 no.4 pp. 348-355
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; aggregation pheromones; cowpeas; females; flowers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; headspace analysis; males; odors; olfactometers; pests; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... Aggregation of the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been observed on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. To understand the mechanism underpinning this behavior, we studied the responses of M. sjostedti to headspace volatiles from conspecifics in a four-arm olfactometer. Both male and female M. sjostedti were attracted to male, but not to female ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-019-01054-8
PubMed:
30788655
PubMed Central:
PMC6476851

6. Cultivar and insecticide spraying time effects on cowpea insect pests and grain yield in northern Ghana

Author:
F. Kusi; J.A. Nboyine; M. Abudulai; A. Seidu; Y.R. Agyare; I. Sugri; M. Zakaria; R.K. Owusu; S.K. Nutsugah; L. Asamoah
Source:
Annals of agricultural science 2019 v.64 no.1 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
0570-1783
Subject:
Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna; bud initiation; cowpeas; cultivars; data collection; experimental design; flowering; grain yield; humans; insect pests; insecticides; limited resource farmers; pesticide application; spraying; wet season; Ghana; Guinea; Sudan
Abstract:
... Insecticide application is the recommended practice for control of insect pests on cowpea (Vigna unquiculata (L) Walp). However, these have negative effects on humans and the environment, apart from being costly for resource-poor farmers. This study aimed at identifying appropriate combinations of cultivar and insecticide spraying times for the management of economically important insect pests of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aoas.2019.03.001

7. Behavioural responses of bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) to vegetative and floral volatiles from different cowpea cultivars

Author:
Seydou Diabate; Emilie Deletre; Lucy Kananu Murungi; Komi K. M. Fiaboe; Sevgan Subramanian; John Wesonga; Thibaud Martin
Source:
Chemoecology 2019 v.29 no.2 pp. 73-88
ISSN:
0937-7409
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna; bioassays; chemical analysis; cowpeas; cultivars; females; flowers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; host preferences; males; octenol; olfactometers; pests; phenology; vegetative growth; volatile compounds; Africa
Abstract:
... Bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) is a key pest of cowpea (Vigna unguicalata) in Africa. To better understand the interaction of M. sjostedti to cowpea cultivars to improve management efforts, we investigated the repellent properties of volatiles of four cowpea cultivars, namely Ex-Luanda, Machakos, Ken Kunde 1 and Katumani 80 at different phenological stages. Bioassays were conducted ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00049-019-00278-0

8. Determination of the Natural Host Status of Avocado Fruit to Pestiferous Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author:
G.T. Bara; M.D. Laing
Source:
African entomology 2019 v.27 no.1 pp. 245-253
ISSN:
1021-3589
Subject:
Frankliniella occidentalis; Haplothrips gowdeyi; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Scirtothrips aurantii; adulthood; avocados; exports; flowering; flowers; fruits; industry; insects; laboratory experimentation; market share; monitoring; netting; panicles; pests; taxonomic keys; tea; world markets; South Africa
Abstract:
... The South African avocado industry is export-oriented, with approximately 3.0 % of international market share and with a five-year mean annual production of 118 000 t from 17 500 ha. Feeding by thrips results in fruit scarring and corky tissue development, making the fruit unsuitable for export. The study aimed to identify the spectrum of thrips in avocado flowers and more importantly, to confirm ...
DOI:
10.4001/003.027.0245

9. Evaluation of cowpea mini core accessions for resistance to flower bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Abou Togola; Ousmane Boukar; Siva Chamarthi; Nouhoun Belko; Manuele Tamò; Nathaniel Oigiangbe; Joseph Ojo; Mumini Ibikunle; Christian Fatokun
Source:
Journal of applied entomology 2019 v.143 no.6 pp. 683-692
ISSN:
0931-2048
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; abortion (plants); breeding programs; cost effectiveness; cowpeas; flower buds; flowers; genotype; germplasm conservation; heritability; peduncle; pests; plant breeding; planting; pods; tropical agriculture; varietal resistance; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... The flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an economically important pest of cowpea in sub‐Saharan Africa. Varietal resistance is the most preferred, environmentally friendly, cost‐effective and sustainable option for controlling this pest. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to M. sjostedti among mini core accessions from the ...
DOI:
10.1111/jen.12637
PubMed:
31423052
PubMed Central:
PMC6686721

10. Repellent activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta and their specific volatiles against Megalurothrips sjostedti

Author:
Seydou Diabate; Thibaud Martin; Lucy Kananu Murungi; Komi K. M. Fiaboe; Sevgan Subramanian; John Wesonga; Emilie Deletre
Source:
Journal of applied entomology 2019 v.143 no.8 pp. 855-866
ISSN:
0931-2048
Subject:
Cymbopogon citratus; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Tagetes minuta; acetates; chemical analysis; citral; companion crops; cowpeas; cropping systems; females; flowers; insect pests; leaves; limonene; males; myrcene; olfactometers; vegetative growth; Africa
Abstract:
... Cowpea is an important source of protein for people in Africa. However, the crop suffers major damage and yield losses due to bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Although companion plants are known to reduce the damage caused by insect pests, the role of their volatiles in repelling pests from target plants has been the subject of few investigations. Here ...
DOI:
10.1111/jen.12651

11. Effects of planting date, cultivar and insecticide spray application for the management of insect pests of cowpea in northern Ghana

Author:
Mumuni Abudulai; Francis Kusi; Shaibu S. Seini; Ahmed Seidu; Jerry A. Nboyine; Asamoah Larbi
Source:
Crop protection 2017 v.100 pp. 168-176
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; cowpeas; cultivars; field experimentation; grain yield; insect pests; insecticides; pesticide application; planting date; spraying; Ghana
Abstract:
... Insect pests are a major constraint to cowpea production in northern Ghana where it is widely cultivated. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of planting date, cultivar and insecticide applications for the management of major insect pests attacking cowpea. There were 4 planting dates, 6 cowpea cultivars of medium maturity periods and 2 insecticide spraying regimes. Data were c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2017.07.005

12. Genetic analysis of thrips resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

Author:
A. S. Oladejo; O. Boukar; C. A. Fatokun; I. O. Obisesan
Source:
Euphytica 2017 v.213 no.9 pp. 216
ISSN:
0014-2336
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; abortion (plants); additive gene effects; analysis of variance; buds; cowpeas; crossing; flowering; general combining ability; genes; genetic analysis; genetic variation; genotype; germplasm; heritability; hybrids; inheritance (genetics); models; parents; pest resistance; pests; plant breeding; pods; specific combining ability; yield components; Africa
Abstract:
... Flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti is the most severe field pest of cowpea that causes massive flower abortion which eventually results to substantial yield reduction in Africa. There is paucity of information on the mode of gene actions controlling inheritance of resistance to flower bud thrips in cowpea in the literature. The objectives of study were to assess the genetic variability fo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10681-017-2001-6

13. Lure and infect strategy for application of entomopathogenic fungus for the control of bean flower thrips in cowpea

Author:
David K. Mfuti; Saliou Niassy; Sevgan Subramanian; Hannalne du Plessis; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K. Maniania
Source:
Biological control 2017 v.107 pp. 70-76
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium anisopliae; application methods; biological control; conidia; cost benefit analysis; cowpeas; entomopathogenic fungi; farmers; field experimentation; grain yield; inoculum; insect control; labor; mycoinsecticides; profits and margins; viability
Abstract:
... The efficacy of spot spray and cover spray applications of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. in combination with the thrips attractant Lurem-TR (methyl-isonicotinate) was compared in field experiments for the management of bean flower thrips (BFT), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), on a cowpea crop in two seasons (June-December 2014). Treatments were applied five days after the placement of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.01.011

14. Active aggregation among sexes in bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Author:
Saliou Niassy; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K. Maniania; Benedict Orindi; Gerald B. Moritz; Willem J. Kogel; Sevgan Subramanian
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2016 v.158 no.1 pp. 17-24
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; females; flowering; insects; males; monitoring; plant anatomy; refining; semiochemicals; Kenya
Abstract:
... Male sexual aggregations are a common territorial, mating‐related or resource‐based, behaviour observed in diverse organisms, including insects such as thrips. The influence of factors such as plant substrate, time of day, and geographic location on aggregation of thrips is uncertain, therefore we monitored the dispersion of male and female bean flower thrips (BFT), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybo ...
DOI:
10.1111/eea.12383
PubMed:
26726262
PubMed Central:
PMC4690520

15. Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Author:
Andnet Abtew; Saliou Niassy; Hippolyte Affognon; Sevgan Subramanian; Serge Kreiter; Giovanna Tropea Garzia; Thibaud Martin
Source:
Crop protection 2016 v.87 pp. 90-97
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Aphis craccivora; Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; application rate; biofertilizers; biological control; biopesticides; chemical control; extension education; farmers; farmers' attitudes; farming systems; flowers; grains; integrated pest management; legumes; livelihood; pests; surveys; sustainable development; Kenya
Abstract:
... Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2016.04.024

16. Repellency of Plant Extracts against the Legume Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Andnet Abtew; Sevgan Subramanian; Xavier Cheseto; Serge Kreiter; Giovanna Tropea Garzia; Thibaud Martin
Source:
Insects 2015 v.6 no.3 pp. 608-625
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
Cinnamomum aromaticum; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Piper; Vigna; adults; air; chemical control; cowpeas; crops; dose response; ethanol; females; flowers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; integrated pest management; mechanism of action; olfactometers; pests; plant extracts; plant protection; repellents; sesquiterpenoids; Africa
Abstract:
... Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom is an important pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) in Africa. To propose an alternative to chemical control, the repellency of 24 plant extracts was evaluated against adult female thrips of M. sjostedti in the laboratory. Plant extracts in ethanol were separately applied on a filter paper disk in a still air visual cue olfactometer. The results showed highly signi ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects6030608
PubMed:
26463406
PubMed Central:
PMC4598655

17. Spatial separation of semiochemical Lurem‐TR and entomopathogenic fungi to enhance their compatibility and infectivity in an autoinoculation system for thrips management

Author:
David K Mfuti; Sevgan Subramanian; Rob WHM van Tol; Gerrie L Wiegers; Willem J de Kogel; Saliou Niassy; Hannalene du Plessis; Sunday Ekesi; Nguya K Maniania
Source:
Pest management science 2016 v.72 no.1 pp. 131-139
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Limothrips cerealium; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium brunneum; conidia; cowpeas; cropping systems; direct contact; entomopathogenic fungi; germination; greenhouses; insect pests; pathogenicity; pest management
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The effect of spatial separation of the semiochemical Lurem‐TR, which has been found to inhibit conidia of entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on the persistence of conidia of Metarhizium brunneum and M. anisopliae was evaluated in the greenhouse and field in order to develop an autodissemination strategy for the management of Megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea crop. Influence of ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.3979
PubMed:
25643946
PubMed Central:
PMC5024074

18. Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, and Poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Stephanie Krueger; Sevgan Subramanian; Saliou Niassy; Gerald B. Moritz
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 455-467
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Euphorbia pulcherrima; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; aggregation pheromones; beans; flowers; light microscopy; males; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Sternal pores are important features for identification of male thrips, especially within the subfamily Thripinae. They vary in shape, size and distribution even between species of one genus. Their functional role is speculated to be that of sex- and/or aggregation pheromone production. Yet, sexual aggregations are not reported in Echinothrips americanus, known to have sternal pores, while we obse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.002

19. Attraction of pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting French beans to coloured sticky traps with Lurem-TR and its utility for monitoring thrips populations

Author:
A.M. Muvea; M.M. Waiganjo; H.L. Kutima; Z. Osiemo; J.O. Nyasani; S. Subramanian
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2014 v.34 no.3 pp. 197-206
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Frankliniella occidentalis; Frankliniella schultzei; Megalurothrips sjostedti; color; flowers; green beans; leaves; monitoring; natural enemies; pests; planting; sampling; sticky traps
Abstract:
... In the present study, experiments were carried out in French bean fields over two planting periods to evaluate the potential use of sticky traps for monitoring the populations of pest thrips. To this end, blue, yellow and clear sticky traps (with and without a thrips lure, i.e. Lurem-TR) were tested. Field observations on thrips catches were made at weekly intervals from the sticky traps, and abso ...
DOI:
10.1017/S174275841400040X

20. On-Farm Evaluation of Homemade Pepper Extract in the Management of Pests of Cabbage, Brassica oleraceae L., and French Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in Two Agro-Ecological Zones in Ghana

Author:
Fening K.O.; Adama I.; Tegbe R.E.
Source:
African entomology 2014 v.22 no.3 pp. 552-560
ISSN:
1021-3589
Subject:
Aphis craccivora; Araneae; Bemisia tabaci; Brassica oleracea; Brevicoryne brassicae; Capsicum frutescens; Cheilomenes; Cotesia plutellae; Empoasca; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Phaseolus vulgaris; Plutella xylostella; Syrphidae; agroecological zones; cabbage; deciduous forests; farms; flowers; green beans; home gardens; insect control; insect pests; insecticides; larvae; natural enemies; on-farm research; organic foods; parasitoids; pepper; production technology; savannas; tap water; vegetable growing; wet season; Ghana
Abstract:
... Cabbage, Brassica oleraceae L., and French beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., are important vegetables grown in Ghana. However, attack by insect pests affects their quality and marketable yield. On-farm experiment was undertaken during the major rainy season of 2012 at Afari and Kpong, in the moist Semi Deciduous Forest and Coastal Savanna agro-ecological zones of Ghana, respectively, to explore the us ...
DOI:
10.4001/003.022.0306

21. Development of Reference Transcriptomes for the Major Field Insect Pests of Cowpea: A Toolbox for Insect Pest Management Approaches in West Africa

Author:
Tolulope A. Agunbiade; Weilin Sun; Brad S. Coates; Rousseau Djouaka; Manuele Tamò; Malick N. Ba; Clementine Binso-Dabire; Ibrahim Baoua; Brett P. Olds; Barry R. Pittendrigh; Cynthia Gibas
Source:
PloS one v.8 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1932-6203
Subject:
genes; integrated pest management; Buchnera aphidicola; insecticide resistance; genetic markers; immunity; cowpeas; longevity; dietary nutrient sources; transcriptome; insect control; Clavigralla tomentosicollis; pathogens; sequence analysis; Frankliniella tritici; transcriptomics; insect pests; Megalurothrips sjostedti; single nucleotide polymorphism; Aphis craccivora; Anoplocnemis curvipes; endosymbionts; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in West Africa. Annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, Anoplocnemis curvipes Fabricius (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae); as well as phloem-fee ...
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0079929
PubMed:
24278221
PubMed Central:
PMC3838393

22. Effect of intercrops on thrips species composition and population abundance on French beans in Kenya

Author:
J. O. Nyasani; R. Meyhöfer; S. Subramanian; H.‐M. Poehling
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2012 v.142 no.3 pp. 236-246
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Frankliniella occidentalis; Frankliniella schultzei; Frankliniella williamsi; Helianthus annuus; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Orius; Solanum tuberosum; corn; crop yield; crops; field experimentation; flowering; green beans; intercropping; markets; natural enemies; pods; population density; sole cropping; species abundance; Kenya
Abstract:
... The study aimed at determining thrips species composition and thrips population density on French bean planted as a sole crop and as an intercrop with either sunflower, Irish potato, or baby corn, in various combinations. Field experiments were conducted in two seasons to examine: (1) thrips population development and thrips species composition over time, (2) effect of intercrops on thrips populat ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01217.x

23. Response of old and new cowpea varieties to insecticide spray regimes in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Author:
Alpha Y. Kamara; Sylvester U. Ewansiha; Hakeem A. Ajeigbe; Lucky O. Omoigui
Source:
Archives of phytopathology and plant protection 2013 v.46 no.1 pp. 52-63
ISSN:
1477-2906
Subject:
Frankliniella tritici; Maruca; Megalurothrips sjostedti; cowpeas; farmers; grain yield; insect pests; insecticides; new variety; savannas; spraying; Nigeria; Sudan
Abstract:
... Insect pests are major constraint to cowpea production in northern Nigeria causing yield losses up to 70%. Several cowpea varieties have been developed and delivered to farmers by IITA over the past four decades. These varieties have varying degrees of resistance to insect pest attacks. A field study was established in northern Nigeria to determine the response to insecticide spraying of old cowpe ...
DOI:
10.1080/03235408.2012.734714

24. Evaluation of responses of five cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties to field infestation by major insect pests of cowpea

Author:
Adebola Adedoyin Osipitan; Sunday O. Adigbo; R. Joda Abiodun
Source:
Archives of phytopathology and plant protection 2012 v.45 no.3 pp. 280-292
ISSN:
1477-2906
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; agricultural colleges; cowpeas; flowers; grain yield; insect pests; on-farm research; plant response; plant-insect relations; planting; pods; seeds; tropical agriculture; Nigeria
Abstract:
... The study was conducted to evaluate yield response of five cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties to field infestation and damage by major insect pests of cowpea. Three local varieties of cowpea, namely, Sokoto, Oloyin and Drum, and two International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) varieties, IT 90K-277-2 and IT90K-76, were planted on the Teaching and Research Farm of University ...
DOI:
10.1080/03235408.2011.559046

25. Combined effect of host plant resistance and insecticide application on the development of cowpea viral diseases

Author:
Ambang, Z.; Ndongo, B.; Amayana, D.; Djilé, B.; Ngoh, J.P.; Chewachong, G.M.
Source:
Australian journal of crop science 2009 v.3 no.3 pp. 167-172
ISSN:
1835-2707
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus; Cowpea golden mosaic virus; Cowpea severe mosaic virus; plant viruses; plant diseases and disorders; disease resistance; genetic resistance; host plants; cultivars; genetic variation; insecticides; vector control; Megalurothrips sjostedti; insect pests; plant pests; insect vectors; Maruca testulalis; crop yield; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; application rate; Cameroon

26. The sensitivity of flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cowpea to three concentrations and spraying schedules of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn. extracts

Author:
A.M. Oparaeke
Source:
Plant Protection Science v.42 no.3 pp. 106-111
ISSN:
1212-2580
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Piper guineense; Vigna unguiculata; black pepper; cowpeas; flower buds; insecticide application; plant protection; rain; savannas; Guinea; Nigeria
Abstract:
... The extracts of pods of West African black pepper, Piper guineense, at 5, 10 and 20% (w/v), were applied at two, four and six weekly schedules to control the legume flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti on flowers of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata. The trials were conducted for 2 years under rain fed conditions in the northern Guinea savanna region of Nigeria. The results sho ...
DOI:
10.17221/2757-pps

27. Genetic analysis of resistance to flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

Author:
Omo-Ikerodah, E. E.; Fatokun, C. A.; Fawole, I.
Source:
Euphytica 2009 v.165 no.1 pp. 145-154
ISSN:
0014-2336
Subject:
maternal effect; Vigna unguiculata; hybrids; cowpeas; Megalurothrips sjostedti; epistasis; crossing; genes; additive gene effects; heritability; inheritance (genetics); pest resistance
Abstract:
... Cowpea is an important legume in sub-Saharan Africa where its protein rich grains are consumed. Insect pests constitute a major constraint to cowpea production. Flower bud thrips (FTh) is the first major pest of cowpea at the reproductive stage and if not controlled with insecticides is capable of reducing grain yield significantly. Information on the inheritance of resistance to FTh is required t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10681-008-9776-4

28. Integrated pest management for cowpea-cereal cropping systems in the West African savannah

Author:
T. Adati; M. Tamò; S. R. Yusuf; M. C. A. Downham; B. B. Singh; W. Hammond
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2008 v.27 no.3-4 pp. 123-137
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Clavigralla tomentosicollis; Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Vigna unguiculata; agroecology; biological control; cowpeas; flowers; insect control; insect pests; insecticides; integrated pest management; migratory behavior; mixed cropping; mortality; parasitoids; pest monitoring; risk reduction; savannas
Abstract:
... Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an important component in mixed cropping systems that are appropriate to the agro-ecological characteristics of the West African savannah. However, the contribution of cowpea to overall productivity of the systems is reduced by a number of insect pest species. Compared with the humid zone, important features of insect pests in the savannah region include: (i) ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1742758407883172

29. Integrating host plant resistance and chemical control in the management of Cowpea pests

Author:
Tanzubil, Paul B.; Zakariah, M.; Alem, A.
Source:
Australian journal of crop science 2008 v.2 no.3 pp. 115-120
ISSN:
1835-2707
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; field crops; Megalurothrips sjostedti; insect pests; plant pests; insect control; host plants; cultivars; savannas; Hemiptera; plant damage; crop yield; lambda-cyhalothrin; application rate; application timing; Ghana

30. Management of cowpea flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), in Cameroon

Author:
Ngakou, A.; Tamò, M.; Parh, I.A.; Nwaga, D.; Ntonifor, N.N.; Korie, S.; Nebane, C.L.N.
Source:
Crop protection 2008 v.27 no.3-5 pp. 481-488
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; insect pests; plant pests; cowpeas; Vigna unguiculata; seed inoculation; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; mycorrhizal fungi; Metarhizium anisopliae; Rhizobiaceae; symbionts; insect control; biological control; larvae; adults; seed productivity; plant growth; grain yield; Cameroon
Abstract:
... A series of experiments were conducted in Cameroon to investigate options for managing cowpea flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, via arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, rhizobia and Metarhizium anisopliae. Six cowpea fields were established in three agroecological zones over a 3-year period. The abundance of both larvae and adults of M. sjostedti was assessed on plants grown from (1) seeds co-inocu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2007.08.002

31. Evaluation of companion crops for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) management on French bean Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)

Author:
J. Kasina; J. Nderitu; G. Nyamasyo; F. Olubayo; C. Waturu; E. Obudho; D. Yobera
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2006 v.26 no.2 pp. 121-125
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; Capsicum annuum; Coriandrum sativum; Daucus carota; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Phaseolus vulgaris; Tagetes erecta; Zea mays; companion crops; flowers; green beans; insect control; insecticides; intercropping; methiocarb
Abstract:
... Six companion crops, i.e. Tagetes erecta, Daucus carota L., Coriandrum sativum L., Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala, Capsicum annuum L. and Zea mays L., were evaluated for their efficacy in suppressing field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom on French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Each companion crop was interplanted with French beans in a 3 × ...
DOI:
10.1079/IJT2006105

32. Field Activity of Three Mixture Levels of Plant Extract Formulations for the Management of Post-Flowering Insect Pests of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp- The Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom)

Author:
Oparaeke, A.M.; Dike, M.C.; Amatobi, C.I.
Source:
Journal of sustainable agriculture 2006 v.28 no.4 pp. 45-54
ISSN:
1044-0046
Subject:
inflorescences; Vigna unguiculata; insect pests; biopesticides; seeds; cowpeas; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Xylopia aethiopica; Azadirachta indica; garlic; Allium sativum; Piper guineense; neem extracts; field experimentation; Syzygium aromaticum; pesticide formulations; pods; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Insecticidal attributes of aqueous extracts of West African black pepper (Piper guineense Schum and Thonn) seeds mixed at three proportional levels (10:10, 10:20, and 20:10% w/v) with neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds, African pepper (Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich.) pods, garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs and clove (Syzigium aromaticum (L.) Merr. &Perr.) inflorescence, were evaluated aga ...
DOI:
10.1300/J064v28n04_05

33. The relationship between primary metabolites in reproductive structures of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae: Papilionidae) cultivars and field resistance to the flower bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
O. Y. Alabi; J. A. Odebiyi; M. Tamò
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2006 v.26 no.1 pp. 8-15
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Papilionidae; Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; cultivars; flower buds; flowers; germplasm; glucose; metabolites; planting season; protein content; racemes; screening; tropical agriculture
Abstract:
... Preliminary screening of germplasm from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) showed that a number of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp. cultivars have potential for resistance to the flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom). In an earlier study, 10 cultivars from this germplasm were selected and the mechanisms of resistance determined. Therefore, in this study, t ...
DOI:
10.1079/IJT200696

34. Botanical Pesticide Mixtures for Insect Pest Management on Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp Plants-- The Legume Flower Bud Thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom

Author:
Oparaeke, A.M.; Dike, M.C.; Amatobi, C.I.
Source:
Journal of sustainable agriculture 2006 v.29 no.1 pp. 5-13
ISSN:
1044-0046
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; insect pests; Megalurothrips sjostedti; insect control; botanical insecticides; plant extracts; insecticidal properties; crop yield; population density; pods; synergism; Nigeria
Abstract:
... The efficacy of aqueous neem and Eucalyptus leaf extracts in mixtures containing extracts of other plant species was investigated for the management of the legume flower bud thrips, a major post-flowering insect pest of cowpea in the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The extracts mixtures were applied at 10:10% w/v in equal ratio and ...
DOI:
10.1300/J064v29n01_03

35. Diurnal population trends of Megalurothrips sjostedti and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and their natural enemies on French bean Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)

Author:
J. Kasina; J. Nderitu; G. Nyamasyo; F. Olubayo; C. Waturu; E. Obudho; D. Yobera
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2006 v.26 no.1 pp. 2-7
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica; Capsicum annuum; Coriandrum sativum; Daucus carota; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Orius; Phaseolus vulgaris; Tagetes erecta; Zea mays; companion crops; continuous cropping; field experimentation; flowers; green beans; indigenous species; insecticides; larvae; methiocarb; natural enemies
Abstract:
... A field experiment was conducted to track the daily population trends and occurrence of the flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and their indigenous natural enemies Orius spp. and Ceranisus menes (Walker), infesting French beans. French beans in monocrop or interplanted with six companion crops (Zea mays L., Coriandrum sativum L., Tagetes erecta ...
DOI:
10.1079/IJT2006101

36. A field trial of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for control of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci

Author:
Maniania, N.K.; Sithanantham, S.; Ekesi, S.; Ampong-Nyarko, K.; Baumgärtner, J.; Löhr, B.; Matoka, C.M.
Source:
Crop protection 2003 v.22 no.3 pp. 553-559
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Araneae; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium anisopliae; Thrips tabaci; agroecosystems; biodiversity; bulbs; conidia; dimethoate; field experimentation; fungi; legumes; nontarget organisms; onions; pathogenicity; spraying; Kenya
Abstract:
... In Kenya, Thrips tabaci Lind., is an important constraint to onion production. The current strategy to use synthetic pesticides is inadequate and unsustainable. An isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. with high pathogenicity to legume thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, was tested in field trials as a potential alternative for cont ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00221-1

37. Determination of damage-yield loss relationships and economic injury levels of flower thrips on cowpea in eastern Uganda

Author:
Nabirye, J.; Nampala, P.; Kyamanywa, S.; Ogenga-Latigo, M.W.; Wilson, H.; Adipala, E.
Source:
Crop protection 2003 v.22 no.7 pp. 911-915
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
Frankliniella tritici; Megalurothrips sjostedti; bud initiation; buds; cages; cowpeas; grain yield; insecticides; Uganda
Abstract:
... Studies were carried out in eastern Uganda to assess the effect of legume flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) injury on cowpea grain yields and to establish economic injury levels (EILs) and action thresholds for thrips on cowpea. The studies relied on various insecticide spray regimes to obtain different thrips densities per experimental unit and use of exclusion cages in the field to confin ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00086-3

38. Field evaluation of cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) for resistance to flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Alabi, O.Y.; Odebiyi, J.A.; Jackai, L.E.N.
Source:
International journal of pest management 2003 v.49 no.4 pp. 287-291
ISSN:
0967-0874
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; cowpeas; cultivars; varietal resistance; germplasm screening; Megalurothrips sjostedti; population density; crop damage; pods; insect pests; field experimentation; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1080/0967087031000123706

39. Effect of Temperature on the Development of Orius Albidipennis Reuter, a Predator of the African Legume Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips Sjostedti Trybom

Author:
L. M. Gitonga; B. Löhr; W. A. Overholt; J. K. Magambo; J. M. Mueke
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2002 v.22 no.3 pp. 215-220
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Orius albidipennis; biological control; eclosion; eggs; fecundity; flowers; heat sums; legumes; longevity; mortality; nymphs; oviposition; temperature
Abstract:
... The effects of temperature on the development of Orius albidipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), reared on its prey, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were studied in the laboratory. Nymphal mortality was 87, 48 and 38 % at 20, 25 and 30 °C, respectively. With the exception of first-instar nymphs, percentage mortality was lowest at 25 °C. Pre-oviposition period an ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1742758400012078

40. Effect of temperature on germination, radial growth and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on Megalurothrips sjostedti

Author:
Ekesi, S.; Maniania, N.K.; Ampong-Nyarko, K.
Source:
Biocontrol science and technology 1999 v.9 no.2 pp. 177-185
ISSN:
0958-3157
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium anisopliae; biological control agents; Beauveria bassiana; ambient temperature; strain differences; spore germination; virulence; mortality
DOI:
10.1080/09583159929767

41. Influence of thrips prey species on the life-history and behaviour of Orius albidipennis

Author:
Fritsche, M.E.; Tamo, M.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2000 v.96 no.2 pp. 111-118
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; predators; interspecific variation; longevity; fecundity; biological control agents; nymphs; insect control; Frankliniella schultzei; predator-prey relationships; leaves; Megalurothrips sjostedti; larvae; biological development; mortality; biological control; diet; Sericothrips; Orius albidipennis; natural enemies; life cycle (organisms)
Abstract:
... The effects of two diets, i.e., cowpea leaves plus Megalurothrips sjostedti larvae versus cowpea leaves alone, on nymphal development and mortality of Orius albidipennis were studied under controlled laboratory conditions in Benin, West Africa. Nymphal development was longer when O. albidipennis was fed with cowpea leaves only, compared to the diet complemented with M. sjostedti larvae (17.6 days ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00686.x

42. Susceptibility of Megalurothrips sjostedti developmental stages to Metarhizium anisopliae and the effects of infection on feeding, adult fecundity, egg fertility and longevity

Author:
Ekesi, S.; Maniania, N.K.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2000 v.94 no.3 pp. 229-236
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Metarhizium anisopliae; developmental stages; mortality; feeding behavior; food intake; fecundity; ova; longevity; biological control agents; biological resistance
Abstract:
... The susceptibility of immature stages of the legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, was investigated under laboratory conditions. The adult stage was found to be more susceptible to infection than the larval and pupal stages. Mortality at all stages was dose-dependent, with the highest concentration of 1 x 10(8) conidia ml-1 producing ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00624.x

43. Effect of intercropping cowpea with maize on the performance of Metarhizium anisopliae against Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and predators

Author:
Ekesi, S.; Maniania, N.K.; Ampong-Nyarko, K.; Onu, I.
Source:
Environmental entomology 1999 v.28 no.6 pp. 1154-1161
ISSN:
0046-225X
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; flowering; lambda-cyhalothrin; crop yield; field experimentation; intercropping; population density; continuous cropping; insect control; Zea mays; Megalurothrips sjostedti; crop damage; nontarget organisms; mortality; adverse effects; pods; biological control; predatory insects; Metarhizium anisopliae; chemical control; fruiting; Kenya
Abstract:
... Field experiments were conducted to assess the combined effects of intercropping cowpea with maize and the application of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorok. or synthetic insecticide on the density of Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) and the yield of cowpea. Thrips density and damage were significantly lower in the intercrop treated with fungus than in the control plots. Mortality caused ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/28.6.1154

44. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on development and oviposition of the legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti

Author:
Ekesi, S.; Maniania, N.K.; Onu, I.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1999 v.93 no.2 pp. 149-155
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; biological development; oviposition; air temperature; ambient temperature; photoperiod; diapause; ova; larvae; pupae; longevity; fecundity
Abstract:
... Megalurothrips sjostedti is an economic pest of cowpea in tropical Africa. There are no reports of the effect of temperature on the development of the pest and no diapause has been detected. The developmental rate and reproduction of M. sjostedti was studied under six constant temperatures (14, 17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 degrees C) and a photoperiod of L12:D12 in the laboratory. Total developmental tim ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00573.x

45. Effect of neem leaf extract applied using the 'broom' method, on cowpea pests and yield

Author:
Bottenberg, H.; Singh, B.B.
Source:
International journal of pest management 1996 v.42 no.3 pp. 207-209
ISSN:
0967-0874
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; insect control; neem extracts; leaves; botanical insecticides; application methods; Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; pods; flowers; crop damage; crop yield; cypermethrin; dimethoate; chemical control; grains; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1080/09670879609371995

46. Insecticide application for economic production of cowpea grains in the northern Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Author:
Amatobi, C.I.
Source:
International journal of pest management 1995 v.41 no.1 pp. 14-18
ISSN:
0967-0874
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; cultivars; Maruca testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Clavigralla; insect control; chemical control; cypermethrin; dimethoate; spraying; incidence; insect pests; population dynamics; crop yield; frequency; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1080/09670879509371914

47. Reduction of insect pest attack on sorghum and cowpea by intercropping

Author:
Ampong-Nyarko, Kwesi; Reddy, K.V. Seshu; Nyang'or, Ruth A.; Saxena, K.N.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1994 v.70 no.2 pp. 179-184
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Chilo partellus; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna; continuous cropping; cowpeas; cultural control; grain sorghum; grain yield; insect control; insect pests; integrated pest management; intercropping
Abstract:
... Two experiments to establish the relationship between insect suppression by intercropping and grain yield in sorghum and cowpea were conducted under field conditions. Treatments consisted of monocrops and intercrops of sorghum and cowpea and an additional pair of monocultures and mixtures protected by insecticides. Intercropping reduced the numbers of stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum and thr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb00745.x

48. Field evaluation of some insecticides for the control of insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Author:
Amatobi, C.I.
Source:
International journal of pest management 1994 v.40 no.1 pp. 13-17
ISSN:
0967-0874
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; insect pests; chemical control; Megalurothrips sjostedti; lambda-cyhalothrin; Clavigralla shadabi; dimethoate; Maruca testulalis; cypermethrin; crop yield; insect control; Clavigralla tomentosicollis; pirimicarb; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1080/09670879409371846

49. Effect of maize plants on colonisation of cowpea plants by bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti

Author:
Kyamanywa, S.; Baliddawa, C.W.; Ampofo, K.J.O.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1993 v.69 no.1 pp. 61-68
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Megalurothrips sjostedti; Zea mays; corn; cowpeas; flowers; host plants; odors; population density; sole cropping
Abstract:
... The effect of non-host maize plants on colonisation of cowpea by Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) was investigated. There were no differences in population density and activity of M. sjostedti on sole cowpea crop and mixed cowpea/maize crop during the colonisation phase (i.e. 10-30 days after emergence of the plants. However, subsequently M. sjostedti numbers were lower ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01728.x

50. Use of chemical and microbial insecticides against pests of common beans

Author:
Karel, A.K.; Schoonhoven, A.V.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 1986 v.79 no.6 pp. 1692-1696
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; insect pests; insect control; Bacillus thuringiensis; carbaryl; lindane; Maruca testulalis; Helicoverpa armigera; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Tanzania
DOI:
10.1093/jee/79.6.1692