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1. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) following single dose intravenous administration: implications for interspecific dose scaling

Author:
Gulland, F.M.; Stoskopf, M.K.; Johnson, S.P.; Riviere, J.; Papich, M.G.
Source:
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 2000 v.23 no.4 pp. 223-228
ISSN:
0140-7783
Subject:
interspecific variation; amoxicillin; Mirounga; intravenous injection; dosage; Phoca vitulina; pharmacokinetics
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2885.2000.00263.x
PubMed:
11126323

2. Blood values of juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) obtained using a portable clinical analyzer

Author:
Larsen, R.S.; Haulena, M.; Grindem, C.B.; Gulland, F.M.D.
Source:
Veterinary clinical pathology 2002 v.31 no.3 pp. 106-110
ISSN:
0275-6382
Subject:
Mirounga; electrolytes; equipment; glucose; blood glucose; chlorides; hematocrit; sodium; potassium; urea
DOI:
10.1111/j.1939-165X.2002.tb00288.x
PubMed:
12189595

3. DDT in endangered Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki)

Author:
Juan Jose Alava; Peter S. Ross; Michael G. Ikonomou; Marilyn Cruz; Gustavo Jimenez-Uzcátegui; Cory Dubetz; Sandie Salazar; Daniel P. Costa; Stella Villegas-Amtmann; Peter Howorth; Frank A.P.C. Gobas
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2011 v.62 no.4 pp. 660-671
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
DDE (pesticide); DDT (pesticide); Mirounga; Monachus schauinslandi; Zalophus; environmental impact; males; metabolites; pups; rats; risk characterization; toxicity; water pollution
Abstract:
... We characterize for the first time the presence of DDT and its metabolites in tropical Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wolleabeki). ∑DDT concentrations in Galapagos sea lion pups sampled in 2005 and 2008 ranged from 16 to 3070μg/kg lipid. Concentrations of ∑DDT in pups in 2008 averaged 525μg/kg lipid and were 1.9 times higher than that (281μg/kg lipid) detected in pups in 2005. These concentrations ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.032

4. Effects of age, size and condition of elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on their intravenous anaesthesia with tiletamine and zolazepam

Author:
Field, I.C.; Bradshaw, C.J.A.; McMahon, C.R.; Harrington, J.; Burton, H.R.
Source:
Veterinary record 2002 v.151 no.8 pp. 235-240
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Mirounga; anesthesia; age; body condition; islands; Australia
DOI:
10.1136/vr.151.8.235
PubMed:
12219901

5. Errata

Author:
T.W. Mulaudzi; G.J.G. Hofmeyr; M.N. Bester; S.P. Kirkman; P.A. Pistorius; F.C. Jonke; A.B. Makhado; J.H.. Owen; R.J. Grimbeek
Source:
African zoology 2008 v.43 no.2 pp. 286
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Mirounga; habitats; seals; South Africa
Abstract:
... In the article ‘Haulout site selection by southern elephant seals at Marion Island’ that appeared in African Zoology43(1): 25–33 (April 2008), the institutional affiliations of the authors should have read: ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2008.11657248

6. Evidence for density dependent population regulation in southern elephant seals in the southern Indian Ocean

Author:
P. A. Pistorius; F. E. Taylor; M. N. Bester; G. J. G. Hofmeyr; S. P. Kirkman
Source:
African zoology 2008 v.43 no.1 pp. 75-80
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Mirounga; adults; breeding; data collection; females; food availability; mark-recapture studies; models; population growth; predation; time series analysis; wildlife management; Indian Ocean; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... The means by which populations are regulated form a central theme in conservation biology, and much debate has revolved around density dependence as a mechanism driving population change. Marion Island (46°54‘S, 37°45‘E) is host to a relatively small breeding population of southern elephant seals, which like its counterparts in the southern Indian and southern Pacific Oceans, have declined precipi ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2008.11407409

7. Exploring fungal diversity in Antarctic wildlife: isolation and molecular identification of culturable fungi from penguins and pinnipeds

Author:
T Brito Devoto; MA Toscanini; K Hermida Alava; AN Etchecopaz; SJ Pola; MM Martorell; M Ansaldo; J Negrete; L Ruberto; W Mac Cormack; ML Cuestas
Source:
New Zealand veterinary journal 2022 v.70 no.5 pp. 263-272
ISSN:
1176-0710
Subject:
Arctocephalus gazella; Aspergillus fumigatus; Candida parapsilosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; DNA; Debaryomyces hansenii; Hydrurga leptonyx; Microsporum canis; Mirounga; Pseudogymnoascus pannorum; Pygoscelis; Rhodotorula rubra; Thelebolus; agar; biodiversity; cloaca; culture media; fungi; fur; glucose; mucosa; nose; triazoles; wildlife; Antarctic region; New Zealand
Abstract:
... To survey the diversity of fungal species that may be cultured from Antarctic penguins and pinnipeds, and to test the in vitro susceptibility to triazole drugs of any medically important Aspergillus spp. isolates. During an expedition to Argentinean Antarctic research stations at Potter Peninsula (South Shetland Islands) and Primavera Cape (Antarctic Peninsula) in February 2019, samples (n = 212) ...
DOI:
10.1080/00480169.2022.2087784

8. Field immobilisation of southern elephant seals with intravenous tiletamine and zolazepam

Author:
McMahon, C.R.; Burton, H.; McLean, S.; Slip, D.; Bester, M.
Source:
Veterinary record 2000 v.146 no.9 pp. 251-254
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Mirounga; anesthetics; intravenous injection; combination drug therapy; dosage; gender differences; body condition; duration
DOI:
10.1136/vr.146.9.251
PubMed:
10737295

9. Fishing gear-related injury in California marine wildlife

Author:
Dau, Brynie Kaplan; Gilardi, Kirsten V.K.; Gulland, Frances M.; Higgins, Ali; Holcomb, Jay B.; St Leger, Judy; Ziccardi, Michael H.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2009 v.45 no.2 pp. 355-362
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
aquacultural and fisheries equipment; Mirounga; ingestion; young animals; autumn; marine mammals; Pelecanus; seabirds; Phoca vitulina; Larus; prevalence; Zalophus; foreign bodies; California
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.355
PubMed:
19395745

10. Geomorphological processes and frozen ground conditions in Elephant Point (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)

Author:
Marc Oliva; Jesús Ruiz-Fernández
Source:
Geomorphology 2017 v.293 pp. 368-379
ISSN:
0169-555X
Subject:
Mirounga; bedrock; coasts; frost; glaciers; penguins; permafrost; sea level; soil depth; terraces; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Elephant Point is an ice-free area in the SW corner of Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica). The retreat of Rotch Dome glacier during the Holocene has exposed a land area of 1.16km². Up to 17.3% of this surface has become ice-free between 1956 and 2010. A detailed geomorphological mapping of this ice-free environment was conducted in late January 2014. A wide range of active periglacial landfor ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.020

11. Haulout site selection by southern elephant seals at Marion Island

Author:
T. W. Mulaudzi; G. J. G. Hofmeyr; M. N. Bester; S. P. Kirkman; P. A. Pistorius; F. C. Jonker; A. B. Makhado; J. H. Owen; R. J. Grimbeek
Source:
African zoology 2008 v.43 no.1 pp. 25-33
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Mirounga; breeding; molting; winter; young animals
Abstract:
... Using data from an ongoing mark–resight programme at Marion Island, we tested empirically whether southern elephant seals prefer certain terrestrial sites to others during the breeding, moulting and winter haulouts, and whether the pattern of site use is the same for different age and sex groups. Southern elephant seals preferred some sites, while discriminating against other sites, with different ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2008.11407403

12. Hematologic and serum biochemical profile of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris): variation with age, sex, and season

Author:
Yochem, Pamela K.; Stewart, Brent S.; Mazet, Jonna A.K.; Boyce, Walter M.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2008 v.44 no.4 pp. 911-921
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Mirounga; hematology; blood serum; blood chemistry; seasonal variation; gender differences; age; Pacific Ocean; California
Abstract:
... The foraging success, and thus the survival and reproductive success, of deep-diving pinnipeds such as the northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris, depends on the ability to withstand repetitive breath-hold dives. Health parameters can be incorporated as potential explanatory variables for differences observed in diving and migratory performance of individual seals. Furthermore, biomedical ...
DOI:
10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.911
PubMed:
18957647

13. Lactational transfer of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in pups of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Antarctica

Author:
Miranda Filho, Kleber C.; Metcalfe, Chris D.; Metcalfe, Tracy L.; Muelbert, Mônica M.C.; Robaldo, Ricardo B.; Martinez, Pablo E.; Colares, Elton P.; Bianchini, Adalto
Source:
Chemosphere 2009 v.75 no.5 pp. 610-616
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Mirounga; organochlorine pesticides; dams (mothers); polychlorinated biphenyls; pesticide residues; body fat; lactation; maternal milk; suckling; pups; juveniles; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.032
PubMed:
19201445

14. The Medieval Climate Anomaly in Antarctica

Author:
Sebastian Lüning; Mariusz Gałka; Fritz Vahrenholt
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2019 v.532 pp. 109251
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
El Nino; Mirounga; carbon radioisotopes; climate; cooling; glaciers; ice; islands; sediments; temperature; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is a well-recognized climate perturbation in many parts of the world, with a core period of 1000–1200 CE. Here we are mapping the MCA across the Antarctic region based on the analysis of published palaeotemperature proxy data from 60 sites. In addition to the conventionally used ice core data, we are integrating temperature proxy records from marine and terrestri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109251

15. Mobilization of PCBs from blubber to blood in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) during the post-weaning fast

Author:
Debier, C.; Chalon, C.; Le Boeuf, B.J.; Tillesse, T. de; Larondelle, Y.; Thome, J.P.
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2006 v.80 no.2 pp. 149-157
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Mirounga; seals; polychlorinated biphenyls; pollutants; toxicity; body fat; blood serum; fasting; circulatory system physiology; field experimentation; gender differences; bioaccumulation; California
Abstract:
... Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) are characterized by extended fasting during which they rely entirely on their own body reserves. During fasts, lipids are mobilized from blubber to match the energy requirements of the animal. This transfer frees toxic fat-soluble pollutants into the blood circulation, which may exert adverse health effects, especially in young and developing anim ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.08.002

16. Model-based curve registration via stochastic approximation EM algorithm

Author:
Eric Fu; Nancy Heckman
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2018 pp. -
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
Mirounga; algorithms; models
Abstract:
... Functional data often exhibit both amplitude and phase variation around a common base shape, with phase variation represented by a so called warping function. The process of removing phase variation by curve alignment and inference of the warping functions is referred to as curve registration. When functional data are observed with substantial noise, model-based methods can be employed for simulta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2018.06.010

17. Moult in the Mediterranean monk seal from Cap Blanc, western Sahara

Author:
Enric Badosa; Teresa Pastor; Manel Gazo; Alex Aguilar
Source:
African zoology 2006 v.41 no.2 pp. 183-192
ISSN:
2224-073X
Subject:
Mirounga; Monachus monachus; Monachus schauinslandi; bulls; females; fur; lactation; molting; pups
Abstract:
... At birth, the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is covered with dark lanugo This is shed earlier and faster in females, so they complete the moult when they are significantly younger (64 days) than males (82 days). Moulted pups present a greyish dorsal and a white ventral pelage. Only the hair is shed in the first moult. In subsequent moults, the hairs are shed along with large sheets of ...
DOI:
10.1080/15627020.2006.11407354

18. Moving toward finer scales in oceanography: Predictive linear functional model of Chlorophyll a profile from light data

Author:
Séverine Bayle; Pascal Monestiez; Christophe Guinet; David Nerini
Source:
Progress in oceanography 2015 v.134 pp. 221-231
ISSN:
0079-6611
Subject:
Mirounga; carbon; carbon dioxide; chlorophyll; oceanography; phytoplankton; prediction; primary productivity; statistical models; Antarctic region
Abstract:
... The Southern Ocean plays a key role in ocean–atmosphere carbon dioxide fluxes. Estimation of carbon exchanges between ocean and atmosphere must rely on accurate estimations of primary productivity which require measurements of phytoplankton concentration within the water column. In this paper, we are interested in relationships between primary productivity and light in the Antarctic ocean. The ori ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pocean.2015.02.001

19. Resource partitioning through oceanic segregation of foraging juvenile southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)

Author:
Iain C. Field; Corey J. A. Bradshaw; Harry R. Burton; Michael D. Sumner; Mark A. Hindell
Source:
Oecologia 2005 v.142 no.1 pp. 127-135
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Mirounga; seals; juveniles; niches; foraging; intraspecific competition; animal behavior; age; ontogeny; temporal variation; spatial distribution; Pacific Ocean Islands
Abstract:
... In highly dynamic and unpredictable environments such as the Southern Ocean, species that have evolved behaviors that reduce the effects of intra-specific competition may have a selective advantage. This is particularly true when juveniles face disadvantages when foraging due to morphological or physiological limitation, which is the case for many marine mammals. We tracked the at-sea movements of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-004-1704-2
PubMed:
15365810

20. Seal mothers expend more on offspring under favourable conditions and less when resources are limited

Author:
Clive R. McMahon; Robert G. Harcourt; Harry R. Burton; Owen Daniel; Mark A. Hindell
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2017 v.86 no.2 pp. 359-370
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Mirounga; environmental factors; environmental quality; females; males; mating systems; models; mothers; polygyny; progeny; pups; reproductive success; seals; weaning
Abstract:
... In mammals, maternal expenditure on offspring is a complex mix of several factors including the species’ mating system, offspring sex and the condition and age of the mother. While theory suggests that in polygynous species mothers should wean larger male offspring than females when resources and maternal conditions allow, the evidence for this remains equivocal. Southern elephant seals are highly ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12611

21. Source level of male vocalisations in the genus mirounga: repeatability and correlates

Author:
SIMONA SANVITO; FILIPPO GALIMBERTI
Source:
Bioacoustics 2003 v.14 no.1 pp. 47-59
ISSN:
2165-0586
Subject:
Mirounga leonina; age; bioacoustics; body size; breeding; correlation; frequency; information; males; mating behavior; paper; phenotype; repeatability; sexual selection; variance; vocalization
Abstract:
... Male vocalisations have an important role in mating tactics, breeding strategies and sexual selection. Most studies of vocalisations are concentrated on the time and frequency domains, while the intensity of sound, an important acoustic parameter that should be related to body size, is almost completely ignored as a possible honest signal of resource holding potential (RHP) and cue for mate choice ...
DOI:
10.1080/09524622.2003.9753512

22. Structural characterisation of Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) in elephant and harbor seals

Author:
Sally Woodman; Amanda J. Gibson; Ana Rubio García; Guillermo Sanchez Contreras; John W. Rossen; Dirk Werling; Victoria Offord
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2016 v.169 pp. 10-14
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Mirounga; endangered species; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; marine mammals; population dynamics; Brucella; risk; Toll-like receptor 6; methicillin; bacterial infections; pathogens; Phoca vitulina; disease outbreaks; mortality; antibiotic resistance; innate immunity; Influenza A virus; environmental health; Phocine morbillivirus; vaccine adjuvants; Toll-like receptor 1
Abstract:
... Pinnipeds are a diverse clade of semi-aquatic mammals, which act as key indicators of ecosystem health. Their transition from land to marine environments provides a complex microbial milieu, making them vulnerable to both aquatic and terrestrial pathogens, thereby contributing to pinniped population decline. Indeed, viral pathogens such as influenza A virus and phocine distemper virus (PDV) have b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.11.006

23. Use of the respiratory stimulant doxapram in southern elephant seals (Mirouga leonina)

Author:
Woods, R.; McLean, S.; Nicol, S.; Slip, D.J.; Burton, H.R.
Source:
Veterinary record 1996 v.138 no.21 pp. 514-517
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Mirounga; ketamine; xylazine; dosage; respiratory tract diseases; application methods; tubes; apnea
DOI:
10.1136/vr.138.21.514

24. Visual pigments of marine carnivores: pinnipeds, polar bear, and sea otter

Author:
David H. Levenson; Paul J. Ponganis; Michael A. Crognale; Jess F. Deegan II; Andy Dizon; Gerald H. Jacobs
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2006 v.192 no.8 pp. 833-843
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
Enhydra lutris; Mirounga; Ursus maritimus; carnivores; mammals; marine environment; messenger RNA; opsin; rods (retina); vision
Abstract:
... Rod and cone visual pigments of 11 marine carnivores were evaluated. Rod, middle/long-wavelength sensitive (M/L) cone, and short-wavelength sensitive (S) cone opsin (if present) sequences were obtained from retinal mRNA. Spectral sensitivity was inferred through evaluation of known spectral tuning residues. The rod pigments of all but one of the pinnipeds were similar to those of the sea otter, po ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-006-0121-x

25. When Mixed Layers Are Not Mixed. Storm‐Driven Mixing and Bio‐optical Vertical Gradients in Mixed Layers of the Southern Ocean

Author:
Magdalena M. Carranza; Sarah T. Gille; Peter J. S. Franks; Kenneth S. Johnson; Robert Pinkel; James B. Girton
Source:
Journal of geophysical research 2018 v.123 no.10 pp. 7264-7289
ISSN:
2169-9275
Subject:
Mirounga; chlorophyll; fluorescence; geophysics; research; salinity; temperature; variance
Abstract:
... Mixed layers are defined to have homogeneous density, temperature, and salinity. However, bio‐optical profiles may not always be fully homogenized within the mixed layer. The relative timescales of mixing and biological processes determine whether bio‐optical gradients can form within a uniform density mixed layer. Vertical profiles of bio‐optical measurements from biogeochemical Argo floats and e ...
DOI:
10.1029/2018JC014416

26. The effect of rehabilitation of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) on antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli

Author:
Stoddard, Robyn A.; Atwill, E. Rob; Conrad, Patricia A.; Byrne, Barbara A.; Jang, Spencer; Lawrence, Judy; McCowan, Brenda; Gulland, Frances M.D.
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2009 v.133 no.3 pp. 264-271
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
seals; Mirounga; wildlife diseases; digestive system diseases; enteropathogens; Escherichia infections; Escherichia coli; zoonoses; drug therapy; captive animals; antibiotics; risk assessment; antibiotic resistance; disease transmission; epidemiological studies; disease prevalence; minimum inhibitory concentration; wildlife rehabilitation
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine if antimicrobial drug use increases resistance of commensal gastrointensinal Escherichia coli of wild northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) treated in rehabilitation, and, if so, identify the risk factors involved. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels of twelve antimicrobial drugs were determined for 289 E. coli isolates from 99 seals sam ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.022

27. An exploration of the population characteristics and behaviours of the white shark in Guadalupe Island, Mexico (2014–2019): Observational data from cage diving vessels

Author:
Omar Santana‐Morales; Rebeca Zertuche‐Chanes; Edgar M. Hoyos‐Padilla; Chugey Sepúlveda; Edgar E. Becerril‐García; Juan P. Gallo‐Reynoso; Isai Barba‐Acuña; Adán Mejía‐Trejo; Marc Aquino‐Baleytó; Oscar Sosa‐Nishizaki; James T. Ketchum; Rodrigo Beas‐Luna
Source:
Aquatic conservation 2021 v.31 no.12 pp. 3480-3491
ISSN:
1052-7613
Subject:
Carcharodon carcharias; Mirounga; adults; age structure; cages; conservation areas; females; juveniles; observational studies; tourism; young of the year; California; Mexico
Abstract:
... In the eastern North Pacific, the Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve (GIBR) is one of the most renowned white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) aggregation sites studied to date, and an important tourism activity has been developed in the reserve. This study used tourist‐based cage diving activities to biologically monitor white sharks from 2014 to 2019 within the GIBR. The data indicated a gradual i ...
DOI:
10.1002/aqc.3734

28. The importance of Southern Ocean frontal systems for the improvement of body condition in southern elephant seals

Author:
Samantha A. Gordine; Michael A. Fedak; Lars Boehme
Source:
Aquatic conservation 2019 v.29 Suppl S1 pp. 283-304
ISSN:
1052-7613
Subject:
Mirounga; body condition; breeding; ecosystems; fasting; foraging; mixing; molting; predators; Antarctic region
Abstract:
... As top predators, it has been suggested that southern elephant seals serve as sentinels of ecosystem status to inform management and conservation. This is because southern elephant seals annually undertake two large‐scale foraging migrations for 2–3 and 7–8 months to replenish resources after fasting during breeding and moulting and often rely on dynamic macroscale latitudinal fronts to provide fa ...
DOI:
10.1002/aqc.3183

29. The influence of historical climate changes on Southern Ocean marine predator populations: a comparative analysis

Author:
Jane L. Younger; Louise M. Emmerson; Karen J. Miller
Source:
Global change biology 2016 v.22 no.2 pp. 474-493
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Mirounga; Pagodroma nivea; breeding; breeding sites; climate change; ecosystems; foraging; glaciation; ice; interspecific variation; marine mammals; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; penguins; predators; refuge habitats; seabirds
Abstract:
... The Southern Ocean ecosystem is undergoing rapid physical and biological changes that are likely to have profound implications for higher‐order predators. Here, we compare the long‐term, historical responses of Southern Ocean predators to climate change. We examine palaeoecological evidence for changes in the abundance and distribution of seabirds and marine mammals, and place these into context w ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.13104