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1. The Relationship of the Geometry of Plain Knit Cotton Fabric to Its Dimensional Change and Elastic Properties

Author:
Hazel M. Fletcher; S. Helen Roberts
Source:
Textile research journal 1954 v.24 no.8 pp. 729-737
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; cotton fabric; laundry; textile fibers; yarns
Abstract:
... A study was made of the geometry of 34 different plain knit cotton fabrics which were knit, in a wide range of stiffness, of six different yarns (12/1, 20/1, 28/1, 36/1, 40/1, 50/1). Stitch length in terms of course and wale spacings and diameter of yarn ranged from l = 2p + w + 4.34d to l = 2p + w + 6.37d, as compared with the theoretical value of l = 2p + w + 5.94d which Peirce derived. Both the ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755402400806

2. The Distribution of Excreta by Freely Grazing Cattle and Its Effect on Pasture Fertility: I. Excretal Distribution

Author:
R. G. Petersen; H. L. Lucas; W. W. Woodhouse
Source:
Agronomy journal 1956 v.48 no.10 pp. 440-444
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Poisson distribution; agronomy; binomial distribution; cattle; excreta; pastures; space and time
Abstract:
... SynopsisThe negative binomial distribution function is used to characterize quantitatively the time-space distribution of excreta from freely-grazing animals over long periods of time; the Poisson distribution function was found to be reasonably accurate over short periods. Proportion of pasture covered by 0, 1, 2, . . . excretions during a grazing period appears to depend primarily on mean excret ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800100002x

3. A Method of Measuring Poisson's Ratio of Fibers1

Author:
Floyd I. Frank; Arthur L. Ruoff
Source:
Textile research journal 1958 v.28 no.3 pp. 213-217
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; fabrics; nylon; textile fibers
Abstract:
... An apparatus is described whereby Poisson's ratio may be measured for fibers whose diameter is approximately 250μ. The apparatus is used in conjunction with an Instron Testing Machine so that stress vs. strain measurements can be made at the same time Poisson's ratio vs. strain measurements are made. The measurements can be made statically or on fibers undergoing a constant rate of extension. Meas ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755802800305

4. Predicting Ends Down From Small Lot Spinning Tests1

Author:
Henry K. C. Woo
Source:
Textile research journal 1958 v.28 no.7 pp. 612-616
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; fabrics; prediction; spinning; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The Poisson frequency function was used to translate the end breakage rate of 35 and 75, 1000 spindles hr, into a series of critical values which would be used to judge spinning performance in small lot spinning tests for various numbers of spindles used. The critical values for various numbers of spindles used were determined graphically from the cumulative frequency of Poisson distribution. A gr ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051755802800714

5. A Statistical Procedure for Determining End Breakage Rate in Spinning

Author:
E. Fred Schultz; Herschel W. Little; John D. Tallant; Louis A. Fiori
Source:
Textile research journal 1961 v.31 no.10 pp. 872-874
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; fabrics; spinning; standard deviation; textile fibers; variance; yarns
Abstract:
... Standard deviations of yarn break data, taken by uniform increments of spindle hours, increased linearly with average rate of breakage and were larger than expected for a Poisson distribution. Transforming the numbers of breaks to log₁₀ (1 + number of breaks) stabilized the variance. In a specific case, analysis of data for 720 spindle hours per yarn taken by 12 increments of 60 hours yielded 95% ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756103101005

6. Effect of Elongation and Temperature on the Recovery and Apparent Glass Transition Behavior of an Experimental Modacrylic Fiber

Author:
George M. Bryant
Source:
Textile research journal 1961 v.31 no.5 pp. 399-409
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; equations; fabrics; glass transition; glass transition temperature; stress relaxation; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The shape of the stress-strain curve of the modacrylic fiber is correlated in a definite manner with the stress-relaxation and recovery behavior. At the yield point, where the stress-strain curve has minimum slope, the tensile recovery decreases most rapidly with increasing elongation, and the rate of stress relaxation passes through a maximum. Above the normal (low-strain) glass transition temper ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756103100502

7. Some Characteristics of the Soil Deformation Process

Author:
John L. McMurdie
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1963 v.27 no.3 pp. 251-254
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Poisson distribution; deformation; equipment; mathematical theory; modulus of elasticity; plasticity; soil; viscoelasticity
Abstract:
... Existing deformation theories—infinitesimal and finite deformation elasticity theory, plasticity theory, and linear viscoelasticity—were discussed as to their applicability to soils. Analysis of data obtained on a Yolo loam utilizing triaxial compression equipment showed that deformation is nonlinear, finite, irreversible, that the component ratios such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700030012x

8. Analysis of Spatial Pattern in Epiphytes

Author:
William E. Hazen
Source:
Ecology 1966 v.47 no.4 pp. 634-635
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Bromeliaceae; Poisson distribution; epiphytes; models; trees
Abstract:
... A method is described for transposing the position of epiphytes on a branch to a single straight line segment. Assuming a random pattern after the transposition, when there are N. Intervals along L units of line, the rᵗ ʰ shortest interval between neighboring epiphytes is given by L/N Sʳ ᵢ ₌ ₁/ 1/N—i + 1. This theory of the distribution of interval length is applied to a population of bromeliads i ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933943

9. Nonwoven Fabric Studies : Part VII: The Effect of Stretching on the Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics

Author:
R.I.C. Michie; P.J. Stevenson
Source:
Textile research journal 1966 v.36 no.6 pp. 494-501
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; extensibility; mechanical stress; modulus of elasticity; nonwoven fabrics; textile fibers
Abstract:
... Several commercial nonwoven fabrics have been stretched to varying extents, allowed to relax, and selected physical properties determined. In all cases, stretching beyond a threshold value of apprpximately 3 percent caused a decrease in initial modulus, shear modulus, bending length, and drape coefficient. The rupture stress showed a slight tendency to decrease,, while the breaking strain and the ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756603600602

10. Study of the Reversal Phenomenon in the Fibrillar Structure of the Cotton Fiber : Reversal Distance Distribution as Origin of an Extended Hypothesis in the Cotton Fiber Development

Author:
G. Raes; T. Fransen; L. Verschraege
Source:
Textile research journal 1968 v.38 no.2 pp. 182-195
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; fabrics; frequency distribution; growth models; lint cotton; mechanical properties; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The work presented here is a part of a fundamental study on the nature and origin of structural reversals in cotton fibers and their relation to mechanical properties. Special attention is drawn to the reversal distance distribution. In a first attempt, the observed distribution is adjusted to a combinapon of two Poisson distributions. The rather arti ficial systems which have to be visualized in ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756803800210

11. Mean Separation of Organisms in Three Dimensions

Author:
Brent S. Gallagher; Jerry E. Burdick
Source:
Ecology 1970 v.51 no.3 pp. 538-540
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Poisson distribution; equations; models
Abstract:
... Equations are derived which give the mean distance between small organisms randomly dispersed in three dimensions. Models based on binomial and Poisson distributions are developed and compared in terms of easily—measured field variables, and a quantitative criterion is given for choosing between them. The results are extended to mixed populations. ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935394

12. The Estimation of Population Size with Equal and Unequal Risks of Capture

Author:
Henry M. Wilbur; James M. Landwehr
Source:
Ecology 1974 v.55 no.6 pp. 1339-1348
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Chrysemys picta; Poisson distribution; binomial distribution; field experimentation; microhabitats; population size; risk; turtles
Abstract:
... Behavioral characteristics and microhabitat distributions of individuals may cause heterogeneity in their risk of capture in field studies of the dynamics of natural populations. The number of recaptures of marked individuals can be used to test for equicatchability by their fit to a Poisson distribution. If the null hypothesis of equal risk of capture is rejected the number of captures per indivi ...
DOI:
10.2307/1935461

13. Mechanical Response of a Tubular Braided Cable with an Elastic Core

Author:
S.L. Phoenix
Source:
Textile research journal 1978 v.48 no.2 pp. 81-91
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; compressibility; fabrics; models; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A model is developed for the linear clastic response of a diamond tubular braid containing a flexil le elastic core. The analysis assumes small displacements, and special assumptions are made regarding strand crossover geometry and strand lateral compressibility. Key parameters influencing the mechanical response are the braid helix angle, the crimp angle at strand crossovers, and the modulus and ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051757804800204

14. On the Finite Extension of a Viscoelastic Two-Ply Filament Yarn

Author:
N.C. Huang
Source:
Textile research journal 1978 v.48 no.2 pp. 61-67
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; deformation; fabrics; models; textile fibers; viscoelasticity; yarns
Abstract:
... The finite creep deformation of a two-ply filament yarn subjected to axial forces and twisting moments at both ends has been investigated. Each filament in the yarn is treated as a linearly viscoelastic slender curved rod. Analysis is based on the theory of finite deformation of slender curved rods. The extensional relaxation modulus of the filament is derived from a model of a three-element solid ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051757804800201

15. Fecundity and oviposition behaviour of the sorghum shootfly, atherigona soccata

Author:
RAINA, ASHOK K.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1982 v.31 no.4 pp. 381-385
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Atherigona soccata; Poisson distribution; color; eggs; fecundity; females; hybrids; leaves; males; oviposition
Abstract:
... Fecundity and oviposition behaviour of the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rond. were studied under controlled conditions on CSH-1, a susceptible sorghum hybrid. Females laid an average of 78.4 ± 5.5 eggs. Males and females lived for an average of 7 and 17 days, respectively. Under low infestation (average 1.2 eggs/plant) egg distribution followed a Poisson distribution. The middle region of ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1982.tb03164.x

16. Documenting Cmpleteness, Species‐Area Relations, and the Species‐Abundance Distribution of a Regional Flora

Author:
Ronald I. Miller; Richard G. Wiegert
Source:
Ecology 1989 v.70 no.1 pp. 16-22
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Poisson distribution; computers; data collection; flora; lognormal distribution; models; new species; vascular plants; Appalachian region
Abstract:
... Four data sets containing randomly distributed species observations were computer generated. Each data set was characterized by a different species—abundance distribution: (1) the distribution of rare vascular plants in the southern Appalachians, (2) a uniform distribution, (3) a Poisson distribution, and (4) a truncated lognormal distribution. A computerized sampling methodology (miller 1986) rec ...
DOI:
10.2307/1938408

17. A New Approach to the Theory of the Compression of Fiber Assemblies

Author:
Takashi Komori; Motoyoshi Itoh
Source:
Textile research journal 1991 v.61 no.7 pp. 420-428
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; energy; fabrics; isotropy; mechanics; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A formula is presented for the mechanics of a fiber mass under extensive compres sion. The mass is treated as the assembly of the fiber elements whose individual bending behaviors are combined into the overall response of the mass. The stress-strain relation and Poisson's ratio are expressed in terms of the strain-dependent density of fiber orientation, the spatial density of fiber length, and the ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051759106100709

18. Compressional Energy of the Random Fiber Assembly : Part I: Theory

Author:
Dae Hoon Lee; Garth A. Carnaby
Source:
Textile research journal v.62 no.4 pp. 185-191
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
Poisson distribution; energy; fabrics; geometry; textile fibers
Abstract:
... The compressional mechanism of a random fiber assembly is analyzed by an energy method. An infinitesimal fiber segment, which is bounded by two neighboring contact points, is chosen as the unit bending element. The geometry of this element is characterized by its arc length, curvature, and orientation. The change in bending energy of each fiber segment due to the compression of the assembly is der ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051759206200401

19. Sampling to Detect Rare Species

Author:
Roger H. Green; Richard C. Young
Source:
Ecological applications 1993 v.3 no.2 pp. 351-356
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Poisson distribution; binomial distribution; endangered species; habitats; molluscs; probability; rare species; rivers; spatial distribution; variance
Abstract:
... Often a sampling program has the objective of detecting the presence of one or more species. One night wish to obtain a species list for the habitat, or to detect the presence of a rare and possibly endangered species. How can the sampling effort necessary for the detection of a rare species can be determined? The Poisson and the negative binomial are two possible spatial distributions that could ...
DOI:
10.2307/1941837

20. A Physically Based Model of Fabric Drape Using Flexible Shell Theory

Author:
Bijian Chen; Muthu Govindaraj
Source:
Textile research journal 1995 v.65 no.6 pp. 324-330
ISSN:
0040-5175
Subject:
Poisson distribution; deformation; equations; fabrics; finite element analysis; models; modulus of elasticity; textile fibers
Abstract:
... A shear flexible shell theory is used to predict the drape of fabrics. The fabric is considered a continuous, orthotropic medium. Finite element formulations are used to numerically solve governing equations under specific boundary conditions. Initially, the fabric is assumed to be a flat plate, which goes through large deformation during the process of draping. The load (fabric weight) is applied ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051759506500603