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forest health; tree mortality; forest inventory; forest trees; species diversity; models; prediction; regression analysis; spatial data; data analysis; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Variables relating to forest health monitoring, such as mortality, are difficult to predict and model. We present here the results of fitting various spatial regression models to these variables. We interpolate plot-level values compiled from the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Information Management System (FIA-NIMS) data that are related to forest health. These data included information c ...
forest inventory; information dissemination; issues and policy; publications; world wide web; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The need for expeditious portrayal of statewide inventory findings is paramount. Demand is intensifying. Yet, to date, relaying data results and analysis through traditional publications has been extremely time consuming. To address this issue, southern forest inventory and analysis (FIA) reporting is in transition. This article discusses the evolution of authorship, reporting formats, and incorpo ...
cotton; production costs; Southeastern United States; Great Plains region
Abstract:
... Among the seven problems we have mentioned as particularly affecting cotton production in the southeastern states, three lie in the field of agronomy. These are diversification and crop rotation, soil fertility, and the economic control of cotton pests. Experiment stations have accumulated a vast store of knowledge concerning soil fertility and perhaps the chief problem lies in taking it to the fa ...
Avena sativa; new taxa; yields; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Lee has been the leading fall-sown oat in the northern Piedmont area for 25 years because of its hardiness, vigor, quality, and yielding ability. Numerous selections and crosses have been made to obtain varieties that would supplant Lee, which is susceptible to smut and the rusts, at the same time retaining the exceptional vigor of Lee. The most valuable Lee hybrids in this area have been Stanton ...
ammonia; barium; calcium; cation exchange capacity; coastal plains; distillation; sodium chloride; subsoil; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A comparison of 5 methods for the determination of cation-exchange capacity of soils of the Lower Coastal Plain was made on surface and subsoil samples of 4 soil series. The methods employed were: (1) direct distillation of NH₄⁺-saturated soils, (2) distillation of ammonia from NaCl extract, (3) barium chloride-triethanolamine, (4) calcium acetate-barium hydroxide, and (5) calcium acetateflame. On ...
Nyssa sylvatica; Podzols; Regosols; cattle; cobalt; groundwater; leaves; poorly drained soils; sheep; soil sampling; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The relationship between 2.5% acetic acid-dithizone extractable soil cobalt and the amount of cobalt in black gum leaves, a cobalt indicator, was investigated for 71 widely distributed soils of the southeastern United States. The soil samples were from both good areas and areas where cobalt deficiency in ruminants would be expected on the basis of previous analyses. The extractable cobalt values a ...
Gossypium; cotton; greenhouse experimentation; soil; sulfur; sulfur fertilizers; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Available sulfur was determined in a greenhouse experiment with 30 surface soils from the Southeastern United States by growing cotton plants at six levels of applied sulfate-sulfur, 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 ppm. The A value technique involving radiosulfur was used as an index of available sulfur. Sulfur A values varied from 9.8 ppm. to 42 ppm. A high degree of correlation was obtained between A val ...
crop yield; field experimentation; soil; sulfates; sulfur; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The sulfur level of soils from the no-sulfur plots of 21 field experiments was estimated by three chemical methods using soil from the 0 to 12-inch depth. The three methods were significantly correlated with percentage yield (R = 0.60) while the simple correlations with percentage yield were r = 0.55 for acetate-soluble sulfate, r = 0.59 for bicarbonate-extractable sulfur, and r = 0.44 for reserve ...
X-ray diffraction; ammonium; clay; particle size; potassium; soil; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Ammonium and potassium fixation by the 2 to 0.2µ fraction of 14 surface soils, mainly from Southeastern United States, was related to both the decrease in intensity (ΔI) of the 14A X-ray diffraction peak and its shifting (Δd) toward 10A. A statistical study of the relationship of X-ray diffraction characteristics with K and NH₄ fixation showed that in the case of NH₄ fixation, 82% of the variation ...
coasts; ecology; pests; slugs; surveys; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A Veronicellid slug, heretofore unknown in the Gulf Coastal region, appeared in late 1960 in both Mobile and New Orleans. Since then it has spread rapidly throughout much of the area. Studies on the distribution, ecology, and behavior are being made. ...
capital; education; farm income; farms; multivariate analysis; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... This study of farm—nonfarm migration in southeastern United States from 1950 to 1960 was made within the conceptual framework of costs of and returns to the activity of migration from agriculture. The costs—returns framework proves to be a useful analytical framework. Nonfarm income potentials of farm people specific to their age, education, nonfarm occupational experience, and race, in addition t ...
Helenium amarum; ambient temperature; autumn; seed germination; seedlings; seeds; shelf life; storage time; viability; winter; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Germination of seeds of the common bitterweed was tested under several temperature regimes. The effect of constant temperatures depended upon duration of storage. Fresh seeds germinated well without statistically significant differences at 11°, 15°, and 19°C. Extended storage at room temperature resulted in general loss of viability, increase in optimum temperature for germination, and decreased t ...
Colletotrichum trifolii; alfalfa; anthracnose; conidia; disease resistance; longevity; mature plants; mycelium; recurrent selection; screening; seedlings; spraying; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... This paper describes a highly efficient procedure for screening alfalfa populations for resistance to anthracnose, Colletotrichum trifolii. Seedlings 2, 4, and 6 weeks old were inoculated with C. trifolii by spraying plants in a moist chamber with a suspension of conidia and comminuted mycelia. Plants differed for types of lesions and degree of resistance. Less than 556 of seedlings selected as re ...
... Several methods for determining CEC were employed for soils selected from southeastern United States to provide a wide range in acidity, clay mineralogy, clay content, and organic matter content. Unbuffered saturation was made with 1N CaCl₂, NaCl, NH₄Cl, or KCl. Soluble salts were removed by rapid stirring and centrifuging of the soil samples after each of three water and ethanol replacements. Buf ...
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; bacteria; genotype; root nodules; serotypes; soil; soybeans; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Four soybean genotypes were sampled in eight different plantings during the years 1967 and 1968, to determine the variability in Rhizobium japonicum population. Considerable variability occurred among locations in the serological distribution of nodules in the cultivat ‘Lee.’ The serogronp patterns for nodules formed on soybean genotypes D49-772 and D55-4102 were different from those formed upon L ...
Saururus cernuus; carbohydrate content; crops; crude protein; nutrients; phosphorus; primary productivity; roots; shoots; soil pH; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Total dry matter standing crops of Saururus cernuus L. at 25 sites in the southeastern United States ranged from 445 to 2,250 g/m². Aboveground production ranged from 184 to 1.199 g/m² and averaged 54.9% of the total production. Total and shoot standing crops increased with increasing concentrations of dilute—acid—soluble phosphorus in soils and increasing soil pH. Concentration of inorganic nutri ...
aquaculture; business enterprises; carp; catfish; clearcutting; cooling; economic analysis; economic investment; electric power; fish meal; fresh market; greenhouses; heat; market prices; profits and margins; soil heating; steam; supply balance; transportation; vegetable crops; vegetables; wastewater; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Between 1970 and 1990, 85% of all new electric power generating capacity is estimated to require water for cooling. This poses a question for research scientists from several disciplines of finding some productive use for the waste water required by steam generating plants. Since there is usually a finite amount of water available for cooling purposes adjacent to the plant sites, the problem becom ...
Zea mays; sampling; corn; aflatoxins; feed contamination; thin layer chromatography; molds (fungi); Aspergillus flavus; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... 60 samples of white and yellow corn from all grades except US No. 1 were collected and assayed for aflatoxin. None of the 12 samples of the 1969 crop collected in the south east contained aflatoxin but 14 of 22 samples of the 1970 crop in the same area contained aflatoxin. Corn from that area was infected with southern corn leaf blight in 1970. 4 of the 11 white corn samples contained aflatoxins a ...
fertilizers; gypsum; leaching; loamy sand soils; oxidation; sandy soils; silty clay loam soils; sulfates; sulfur; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Sandy soils of the southeastern United States are often deficient in sulfur. The use of sulfate-containing fertilizers does not result in any buildup of sulfur in sandy soils since the sulfate is readily leached during whiter months. Interest, therefore, has developed in the use of elemental sulfur as a means of maintaining an adequate supply of sulfur where leaching is a problem. Studies were con ...
... Cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from 13 locations across the US Cotton Belt in 1969 and 11 locations in 1970 were analyzed for aflatoxins. Samples from most locations did not exhibit detectable aflatoxin contamination. However, aflatoxins B₁ and B₂ were found in one or more samples collected near Brawley, California; Phoenix, Arizona; and Weslaco, Texas, all in areas where a boll rot caused b ...
Asteraceae; Caryophyllaceae; Sedum; abiotic stress; annuals; biomass; community structure; field experimentation; granite; growth retardation; habitats; interspecific competition; juveniles; life tables; population density; population dynamics; seedlings; seeds; soil depth; soil water; survival rate; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Population attributes including density, distribution, biomass, seed production, and survival were measured at significant stages throughout the life cycles of natural and experimental populations of Sedum smallii (Britt.) Ahles (Crassulaceae) and Minuaritia uniflora (Walt.) Matif. (Caryophyllaceae). These two species along with Viguiera porteri (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae) are dominant in island ...
coastal plain soils; sand; Avena sativa; oats; Pennisetum glaucum; genotype; dolomitic limestone; phosphorus; potassium; plant response; plant growth; metal tolerance; toxicity testing; crop yield; soil properties; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Aluminum toxicity, calcium deficiency, and a complex of othex unidentified factors contribute to the poor productivity of Atlantic Coast Flatwoods soils that occupy more than I00,000 km² in the southern U.S. Our objective was to investigate the response of aluminum-sensitive ‘Suregrain’ oats (Avena sativa L.) and aluminum-tolerant ‘Starr’ pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f)] lime, phospho ...
X-ray diffraction; clay; clay minerals; feldspar; gibbsite; goethite; hematite; iron; manganese; quartz; sesquioxides; soil concretions; soil weathering; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Mineralogy of soil concretions, collected from Henry, Iredell, Tifton, and Decatur soils of the southeastern USA, were studied by DTA, X-ray diffraction, and electron microprobe analysis. The results indicated the presence of considerable differences in mineralogical composition of concretions formed under different conditions. Although they were basically composed of 1:1 and 2:1 lattice type of c ...
Passeriformes; Zugunruhe; birds; cold; environmental factors; flight; monitoring; multivariate analysis; radar; temperature; wind direction; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Autumn nocturnal bird migration was investigated at two stations in the southeastern United States by means of Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR—57) and visual observations. Multivariate analyses were used to examined the influence of environmental variables on the night—to—night magnitude of migration. Landbirds selectively flew with the wind, regardless of its direction or speed. As a result, they ...
Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; USDA; aerial application; ant control; decane; dieldrin; estuaries; farmed animal species; fire ants; flame retardants; heptachlor; lakes; livelihood; mirex; monitoring; neoplasms; nontarget organisms; pesticide application; polymers; risk; streams; toxicity; toxicology; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of the chlorocarbon pesticide mirex (C₁₀Cl₁₂), the imported fire ant (Solenopsis richteri Forel and Solenopsis Invicta Buren) which it controls, and the programs designed to effect this control are described. The systematic name of mirex is dodecachloropentacyclo [5.3.0².⁶.0³.⁹.0⁴.⁸] decane. The nomenclature utilized in Chemical Abstracts is dod ...
Imperata cylindrica; coasts; pests; potassium nitrate; seed germination; storage time; temperature; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) was introduced into the southeastern United States and has become a pest in the Gulf Coast area. An efficient seed germination procedure would aid the study of control of this species. Seed were germinated in the laboratory to determine the effects of light, KNO₃ temperature, and storage time on germination. Cogongrass germinated at temperatures ranging ...
... Autumn-planted tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the lower southeastern United States results in low establishment-year forage production. Rye (Secale cereale L.) as a companion crop should improve winter forage yield but may be harmful to stands of the perennial grasses. To study this problem, ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue and ‘Perla’ koleagrass (Phalaris aquatica L., previously classified ...
soybean oil; soybeans; postharvest injuries; extraction; free fatty acids; iron; phosphorus; food processing equipment; stainless steel; mineral content; copper; quantitative analysis; oil refining; deodorization; bleaching; degumming; oxidative stability; food processing quality; phosphatidylcholines; Midwestern United States; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Analyses of commercial crude soybean oils showed a highly significant correlation of 0.74 between free fatty acid and Fe content. Poor flavour characteristics exhibited by finished oils extracted from damaged beans may be caused in part by a higher free fatty acid and related higher Fe content in crude oils. Source of the increased Fe appears to be both damaged beans and steel processing equipment ...
Glycine max; beans; crop yield; irrigation; plant growth; plant height; sandy loam soils; soil water; soil water regimes; soybeans; water stress; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) yields in the past have varied considerably from year to year in the southeastern United States. Many factors are important in soybean production, but water stress at critical growth periods appears to be one of the most frequently limiting factors. Soybeans were grown on a Lucedale fine sandy loam soil to determine the effects of three soil water regimes at two ...
... In the southeastern United States, millet (Pennisetum glacum) often produces more forage than sorghum ✕ sudangrass crosses [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on sandy soils, while the reverse is often true on clay soils. Based on the hypothesis that difference in production may be related to different Mg requirements of the two crops, a study was made to (a) determine the critical levels of Mg for grow ...
Dactylis glomerata; Festuca arundinacea; Phalaris aquatica; Phalaris arundinacea; breeding; carbohydrates; cool season grasses; forage; forage production; genotype; growth chambers; leaf development; leaves; photosynthesis; temperature; winter; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Improved winter forage production is a major objective in breeding phalaris (Phalaris tuberosa L.) varieties for the southeastern United States. The purpose of our study was to determine morphological and physiological parameters accounting for winter forage productivity. Winter-productive phalaris genotypes in field and growth chamber experiments responded rapidly to increasing temperatures with ...
... Smutgrass (Sporobolus poiretii Roem and Schult.), a prevalent and increasingly serious weed problem in pasture areas of the southeastern United States, cannot be selectively controlled in swards containing desirable forage species with the available recommended procedures. Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.).bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) pasture swards, the most prevalent type of p ...
aflatoxin B1; grain elevators; grain inspection; Aspergillus flavus; fluorescence; postharvest diseases; postharvest losses; secondary metabolites; incidence; harvest date; Zea mays; corn; water content; molds (fungi); toxigenic strains; food contamination; microbial contamination; water activity; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Freshly harvested corn from a region of northeastern S. Carolina was examined for field occurence of aflatoxin. A collection of 297 samples (10 lb each) was made (184 collected at field sites and 113 at elevator delivery points during harvest). Corn samples were dried to 13% moisture or below within 5-7 h of collection. In 91 of 184 field samples (49%) and in 61 of 113 elevator samples (54%), afla ...
... Several million hectares of soils of the southeastern United States are subject to inundation by tidal action. The influence of seawater is reflected in the higher proportions of Na and Mg in these soils than in surrounding upland soils or soils in fresh water marshes. Rise in sea level and subsidence of some coastal areas have combined to submerge soils. Diagnostic features such as argillic and s ...
sandy soils; corn silage; crop yield; coastal plain soils; subsurface drainage; water table; South Carolina
Abstract:
... A field study of water table control through subsurface conduits on a Southern Coastal Plains soil showed that in these sandy soils the water table must be kept at 42 inches or less from the surface. Corn silage yields from a field under controlled drainage were greater than those from a nondrained field. For each additional day, between 25 and 55 days, that the water table was less than 42 inches ...
seed germination; seed coat; heat; legumes; prescribed burning; heat treatment; quails; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Prescribed burning is used in southeastern USA to promote growth of leguminous plants which produce seed important as quail food. These seed are characterized by a hard seed coat and the ability to remain dormant but viable for a long time. This study was conducted to determine the effect of heat on germination of seed from several of these legume species. Seeds of 18 species and two varieties wer ...
... Susceptibility of developing ears of several corn hybrids (Zea mays L.) to infection by Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. determined by aflatoxin production was studied. Five experimental single-cross hybrids (SC) adapted for growth in the South and a single-cross hybrid (A) adapted to the Corn Belt were grown in South Carolina and Florida. Treatments consisted of: (a) periodic spraying with an insec ...
Bufo; Pantherophis guttatus; energy flow; excretion; ingestion; metabolism; models; reproduction; snakes; toads; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Comparisons were made of the energy budgets of three ectothermic vertebrates found in the Southeastern United States. The three species studied were Elaphe guttata (corn snakes), Heterodon platyrhinos (eastern hognose snakes), and Bufo terrestris (southern toads). Values for assimilation efficiency, ingestion, excretion, growth, shedding, metabolism, and reproduction were converted to caloric unit ...
soil water storage; Zea mays; sandy soils; soil nutrients; nitrogen; water use efficiency; subsurface irrigation; frequency; nitrate nitrogen; microirrigation; leaching; potassium; fertigation; soil matric potential; irrigation scheduling; yields; nutrient use efficiency; nutrient management; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A water-nutrient management method was designed to prevent plant-water and nutrient stresses while maximizing the available soil water storage to accommodate rainfall. This method minimized the need for the soil as a storage reservoir for water and nutrients by frequently irrigating a portion of the root zone with small amounts of water and nutrients. The optimal range of soil matric potential, ba ...
... Several triticale cultlvars are being used as supplemental wintergrazing in the southeastern United States. This experiment was conducted to provide comparative data on the yield and quality of forage of triticale (Tritic, de hexaploide Lart.), rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat(Trticum aestivum L.) and oats (Arena sativa L.). Triticale cultivars ‘Fasgro 385’ and ‘Fasgro 514’ produced as much forage a ...
... A technique was desired that would permit screening of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] cultivars for differential tolerance of Al in the root environment. Such a technique would be desirable to identify cultivars which would be adapted to acid soils where AI toxicity was a problem, or to identify A1 resistant cultivars for use in a plant breeding program. A solution culture technique w ...
Amynothrips andersoni; weed control; insect pests; aquatic weeds; biological control agents; plant pests; Alternanthera philoxeroides; Agasicles hygrophila; natural enemies; introduced plants; biological control; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The history of the introduction of alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) into the United States from South America, its spread, the difficulties caused by it in waterways of the southern states, and the research on and practical measures for its biological control by means of insects are reviewed from the literature. The principal species introduced into the USA were: the chrysomelid Agasicl ...
weed control; insect pests; no-tillage; pastures; fertilizer application; chiseling; tires; subsoiling; tractors; crop damage; pest control; soil compaction; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Crop rotations, economics, fertilization, insect management and weed control in zero tillage systems in the southeastern States are reviewed. Traffic pans are a widespread problem in many soils of this region. They can be disrupted by subsoiling or chiselling, and their recurrence avoided by minimizing the passage of traffic. ...
Securigera varia; calves; cold season; continuous grazing; cows; forage; legumes; nutrients; pastures; piedmont; pure stands; seedlings; spring; stand establishment; summer; vigor; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) has been observed to be somewhat less sensitive to midsummer stress in the Piedmont region of the Southeastern USA than other cool season legumes and has produced good ruminant daily gains. These factors suggest that crownvetch offers potential as a grazing forage, yet quantitative data on animal responses and stand persistence are lacking. The objective of this stu ...
Cynodon dactylon; burning; dry matter accumulation; forage; grasses; hay; paraquat; pastures; regrowth; summer; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Paraquat (l, l'-dimethyl-4-4-bypyridinium ion) has been utilized as a pasture renovation tool and to provide “cured” standing forage for later utilization. This study was undertaken to determine the amount of standing ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) forage that can be successfully desiccated with paraquat. Subsequent effects on yield and quality of the grass were assessed. Accumulated ...
Phalaris aquatica; agronomy; alkaloids; cattle; drought; forage; greenhouses; leaves; nitrogen; pastures; probability; sandy loam soils; sheep; toxicity; water stress; Australia; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Phalaris aquatica L. (also referred to as P. tuberosa L.), a species widely grown in Australia, may have forage potential in the southeastern U.S. and, therefore, has been made the subject of an Auburn University breeding program. In Australia, however, livestock toxicities have been reported from alkaloids in the forage. Field, greenhouse, and environmental chamber experiments were conducted to d ...
Eremochloa ophiuroides; embryo sac; flowering; megasporogenesis; meiosis; metaphase; microsporocytes; open pollination; pollen; reproductive behavior; sexual development; turf grasses; China; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack., is an excellent lawn grass in the southeastern U.S. but information is limited on its cytology, reproductive characteristics, and fertility. Cytological observations on several introductions from China and on local sources of common centipedegrass showed that metaphase I meiosis was regular with nine bivalents; however, eight bivalents + two un ...
Phalaris aquatica; autumn; carbohydrates; cold season; corms; cutting; defoliation; fertilizer rates; forage; forage yield; growing season; harvesting; hay; in vitro digestibility; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizers; perennial grasses; ruminants; total nitrogen; toxicity; winter; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L., also referred to as P. tuberosa L.) is a winter productive cool-season perennial grass species having potential in the southeastern U.S. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of N fertilization rates and defoliation on forage yield, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total forage N and NO₃-N, and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) stored ...
agitation; air; color; drying; iron oxides; landscapes; soil taxonomy; water table; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Plinthite is defined in Soil Taxonomy as an iron-rich material that hardens on repeated wetting and drying, especially when exposed to the sun. Many morphologically similar materials rich in iron oxides do not harden on repeated wetting and drying and are misidentified as plinthite. We propose that the following field-tested criteria be used to distinguish plinthite from similar materials that wil ...
B horizons; Hapludults; X-radiation; aluminum; clay; clay minerals; color; gibbsite; goethite; hematite; iron; magnetic fields; piedmont; saprolite; silicates; spectral analysis; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Soils of the Appling series (Typic Hapludults; clayey, kaolinitic, thermic) are extensive in the Piedmont Province of the southeastern United States. Typically, these soils exhibit colors grading from brown (7.5YR) in the upper B horizons to red (2.5YR) in the saprolite. Fine clay separates (<0.2µm) from the brown (B21t horizon) and red (C2 borizon) zones of a representative pedon of the Appling s ...
... Occasionally rice (Oryza sativa L.) herbicide drift or accidental overspray to adjacent growing soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] occurs in the southeastern U.S. Therefore, five current, or potential, rice herbicides, either alone or in combination with propanil (3',4'-dichloropropionanilide), were applied in the field for 2 years to the soybean cultivar ‘Davis’ when either three (V3) or eight (V8 ...
... Relatively few fields in the southern USA contain sufficient numbers of Rhizobium trifolii to nodulate Trifolium species adequately. Thus, it is essential to know the extent to which current inoculation practices provide rhizobia for adequate nodulation. The nodulation of white clover (T. repens L.) grown from seed inoculated with a peat base inoculant using water or gum arabic as the adhesive was ...
... Availability of ²⁴¹Am to bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), a major forage crop in the southeastern U.S., was studied under greenhouse conditions using two soil types, two rates of lime, and four rates of organic matter. The plants were grown in pots until three clippings were obtained. Americium-241 concentrations in plant tissues from the unlimed Dothan (24% clay) soil were, on the average, approxim ...
drainage; drainage systems; subsurface irrigation; water table; agricultural soils; agricultural land; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Controlled and Reversible Drainage (CaRD) is a new name for an old system. Controlled drainage is managing water whereby only that which will hinder crop production is allowed to leave the land. Reversible drainage (subirrigation) means placing a positive head of water on the tile or ditch system to maintain the water table at the desired elevation. CaRD systems is a term used to denote that drain ...
... Molybdenum deficiencies have been noted in the southeastern United States but there is limited information on plant and available soil Mo levels. Also, there has been little research directed toward interpreting these levels. Samples of 20 Coastal Plain and Piedmont soils were extracted with acid ammonium oxalate solution (Grigg Mo) and with anion exchange resin (resin Mo). Grigg Mo levels ranged ...
... Throughout the southeastern United States the hardwood Nyssa sylvatica (sensu lato) is distributed along a soil moisture gradient from upland sites, which are never flooded, to floodplains, which are periodically flooded and drained to permanently flooded swamps. Population differentiation with respect to flood tolerance and related physiological attributes was investigated using 1—year—old seedli ...
crop production; crops; farm income; land classification; land use; markets; minimum tillage; models; nitrogen; pesticides; prices; rain; soil erosion; strip cropping; terracing; water supply; Corn Belt region; Great Plains region; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A national and interregional programming model is developed to evaluate the impact of potential restraints for soil loss and nitrogen on land use, crop production patterns, interregional competition, and economic variables. The model includes 105 producing regions with 5 land classes in each, 51 water supply regions, and 28 market regions. Crop and soil loss activities are defined for each land cl ...
Paleudults; agronomy; coastal plains; leaves; manganese; manganese monoxide; sand; soil analysis; soil pH; soybeans; sulfates; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Manganese deficiencies in soybeans [Gycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on certain southern Coastal Plain soils of southeastern USA have required that supplemental Mn be applied to obtain maximum yields. The objective of this experiment was to determine sources and rates of Mn needed for optimum yields at two soil pH levels. Soybeans (‘Ransom’) were grown for three years on an Olustee-Leefield sand (Ulti ...
Gossypium hirsutum; Hapludults; acid soils; acidity; agronomy; aluminum; cotton; drought; economic feasibility; greenhouses; pH; subsoil; toxicity; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Aluminum toxicity, associated with subsoil acidity, limits rooting depth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in certain soils of the southern U.S. Shallow rooting means greater susceptibility to drought and less effective use of subsoil nutrients. Liming subsoil to detoxify A1 is difficult and often not economically feasible. An alternative or supplemental approach is to select or breed cotton genot ...
Saprolegniaceae; aquatic fungi; biogeography; estuaries; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A preliminary study determined the presence of some Saprolegniaceae in a small estuary in the Tampa Bay Area. Traditional methods of collecting aquatic fungi were employed. The results support the previously noted occurrence of these fungi and extend the geographical range of the species of tlus taxon. These and previously reported results of estuarine studies of Saprolegniaceae suggest that some ...
application rate; coliform bacteria; environmental hazards; fallow; grasslands; microbiological quality; poultry; poultry manure; rain; runoff; soil; soil erosion; topographic slope; water quality; wood residues; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Because large amounts of poultry wastes are often applied to hilly land in the southeastern United States, information is needed on the environmental hazards of this practice. A rainfall simulator was used to study the effect of application of poultry litter (manure plus wood residues) on runoff water quality and soil loss, on moderately sloping (7%) land. Increasing rates of litter were surface-a ...
Gossypium hirsutum; agronomy; cotton; cottonseed; fungicides; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... A fungicide applied to cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has been suspected to protect seed and seedlings in one region of the Cotton Belt but not necessarily in other regions. Fungicides applied to cottonseed have been evaluated in each cotton producing state through the years. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of various fungicides applied to acid-delinted cottonseed at ...
Festuca arundinacea; application rate; cadmium; cation exchange capacity; chromium; copper; fertilizer application; grasses; greenhouse experimentation; heavy metals; lead; loamy sand soils; mineral fertilizers; nickel; nitrogen; pig manure; sandy clay loam soils; sewage sludge; swine; zinc; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Sludge from a swine manure lagoon and municipal sewage sludge were used in a greenhouse study to determine their effects on fescuegrass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) yield, heavy metal concentrations, and N uptake. Four variables were used in the experiment: sludge (swine and municipal), soil (loamy sand and sandy clay loam), application method (surface applied and incorporated), and application r ...
... The effects of irrigation and S application on soyabean cv. Bragg grown on a Norfolk loamy sand Coastal Plain soil were studied. Precipitation was adequate for growth up to the late flowering stage, after which irrigation increased yields by 86% compared with control plants subjected to drought during pod filling. Irrigation at this stage also increased DM accumulation by 26%. Application of 44.8 ...
USDA; biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; environmental factors; forest inventory; forest types; land management; temperate forests; trees; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Summary maps presented in this paper depict the current distribution patterns of aboveground woody biomass and carbon content of commercial forests in the southeastern United States. Contour maps of dominance of 10 important southeastern tree taxa are included. These maps were complied from growing—stock volume data available from the Continuous Forest Inventories (CFI) of the United States Depart ...
Indigofera hirsuta; chicks; greenhouses; herbaria; indigo; leaves; nitro compounds; nitrogen dioxide; toxicity; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The genus Indigofera consists of approximately 700 species of tropical and subtropical origin. Several of these species are being investigated for possible introduction into the southern United States. Leaves of Indigofera species grown in the field and greenhouse, or sampled from herbarium specimens, were analyzed colorimetrically for aliphatic nitro compounds. Aliphatic nitro compounds were foun ...
Festuca arundinacea; Glycine max; crude protein; cultivars; dry matter accumulation; farmers; forage quality; frost; grasses; grazing; growth and development; harvest date; livestock production; paraquat; pastures; sod strips; soybeans; summer; Corn Belt region; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The availability of quality forage in the mid-summer often limits livestock production in the southern U.S. Corn Belt. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] sod-seeded into grass pastures may give farmers a chance to improve the quantity and quality of forage available for grazing. The objectives of this study were to examine the growth and development patterns of four soybean cultivars grown in grass ...
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Rhizobium leguminosarum; clay loam soils; most probable number technique; pathogenicity; sandy clay loam soils; serotypes; silt; soil texture; soil water; soil water potential; texture; water stress; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Water stress and differences in soil texture are thought to be primary factors in inoculation failure in the southeastern United States. There is, however, a lack of quantitative data relating the effect of soil water potential on rhizobia survival in soils of differing textures. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of soil water potential on the survival of slow- and fast-g ...
... Several “fast fruiting” or “early” genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), have been developed over the past several years to reduce losses associated with adverse autumn weather, allow later planting to escape early season disease problems, reduce insect and weed pests associated problems, and to reduce the inputs required to make and protect an acceptable yield. These earlier maturing types ...
... In recent years climatic fluctuations have been increasingly associated with seasonal variation in yield and quality of forage crops. Although considerable information is available concerning environmental influences on yield and quality of many temperate and tropical grasses, very little is known about these relationships in the major grasses grown in the southern U.S.A. The objectives of this st ...
... Multiple cropping in conjunction with various minimum tillage practices is currently a conspicuous agricultural production method in the southeastern U.S. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of 5 years of various tillage practices on the fertility status of an Ultisol continuously double-cropped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.). The tillage treat ...
Fluvaquents; Glycine max; coasts; crop yield; cultivars; industry; planting date; row spacing; silty clay soils; soybeans; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Previous studies to determine row spacing (RS)-planting date (PD) effects on yield of determinate soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the southern USA have been conducted north of 33° Lat, and have produced conflicting results. Current data on the effects of these planting variables are not available for a large portion of the Gulf Coast area that now supports a large and rapidly expanding soybea ...
Glycine max; broadcast seeding; canopy; cultivars; flowering; herbicides; planting date; pods; row spacing; seed yield; soil water; soybeans; weed control; weeds; wheat; Midwestern United States; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response to narrow rows (less than 50 cm apart) has been inconsistent in the southern United States. However, a more positive response has been documented in the North Central USA. Lack of suitable herbicides for controlling weeds in narrow row soybeans in the South has slowed acceptance of this practice. Development of more effective herbicides has made narrow row ...
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., em Thell) following soybeans (Glycine max L., Merr) is an important cropping system throughout the southeastern United States. In this system, notillage soybean production is becoming a common practice; however, the effects of no-tillage soybean production on yield of double-cropped wheat are not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the effects ...
... This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of N fertilization rate on the P, K, and Mg requirements of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy) and to determine the N fertilization requirements of the two turfgrasses. Information gained through this research will be of particular benefit to producers of cool and warmseason ...