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... Three groups of bacteria capable of decomposing chloro-substituted aliphatic acids were isolated from soil by means of selective media. A group of Pseudomonas-like bacteria (A) decomposed monochloroacetate (and monobromoacetate) readily in media with yeast extract, peptone, or amino acids. They also decomposed α-monochloropropionate with moderate vigor, but had little effect on dichloro-acetate an ...
... A comparison has been made of the actinomycete populations of acid podzol and neutral mull soils under forest cover. In both soils, numbers decreased with depth though less rapidly than did the combined bacteria and fungi; consequently the actinomycetes were, proportionately, slightly more numerous in the lower mineral horizons. The actinomycetes in the podzol were more acid tolerant than those fr ...
... A procedure using a 20% solution of H₂O₂ as the sterilizing. agent was developed which allowed the isolation of a Streptomyces sp. from the root nodules of C. velutinus. This was repeated 17 times and a total of 136 similar streptomyces sp. were isolated from the nodules of this nonleguminous, nitrogen-fixing plant. Further characterization by standard bacteriological procedures suggested that the ...
... Microbial degradation of cotton indigenous to the Bombay region of India was investi gated, with particular emphasis on cellulolytic nonfungal micro-organisms. About 76 bacteria, 49 actinomycetes, and 38 fungi were isolated by the enrichment culture technique from a arge number of cotton and fabric samples suspected of micro biological damage. Well known cellulolytic fungi belonging to genera Myro ...
... Interrelations among temperature, moisture, and viability of grain, and mites, insects, and fungi were studied from 8,135 samples collected at monthly intervals from two 13.6—ton wheat bulks stored in a granary at Winnipeg, Manitoba for 8 years during 1959—67. The bins were fumigated once with phospine (PH₃) in August 1965, to determine the effect of the chemical on the existing relationships in t ...
... Properties were determined of the glucose isomerase from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes NRRL B-3559. The enzyme exhibited a temperature optimum of 80 C and a pH optimum of about 8. The effect of various buffers on activity of the enzyme and the optimum pH were studied. Michaelis constants for glucose and Mg(2+) were 0.25 and 0.025 m, respectively. Co(2+) enhanced enzyme activity. A functional polya ...
... With a view toward the disposal of large quantities of pesticides in the soil, the biodegradation and the effects on the soil microflora of 20 single analytical grade and formulated pesticides and 7 mixtures of formulations were investigated in a calcareous West Point loam. The soil was amended with 11,227 kg/ha (5 tons/acre) of the respective active ingredient(s) and subsequently incubated for 56 ...
... The soluble and dispersed nitrogen and carbon components in the filtrate fraction of cattle feedlot waste are a potential nutrient source from which single-cell protein could be produced for animal feeds. The ability of more than 200 fungi and streptomycetes to grow in this liquid was determined; these included isolates from the waste and associated sources, as well as organisms maintained in the ...
... Filtrates from feedlot waste were incubated under aerobic conditions to evaluate the availability of nutrients for cell production and to assess the capacity of indigenous flora to produce stabilized effluents. Incubation was carried out in 9-liter aerated jar fermentors. Three-fourths of the organic material and one-third of the nitrogen were taken up in 4 days; 90% utilization of organic materia ...
... This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of three microbial species on soil erodibility. Sterilized Ames (a Typic Albaqualf) and Nicollet (an Aquic Hapludoll) soils were inoculated with species of Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Penicillium. After 15 days of incubation, both treated and untreated soils were subjected to artificial rainfall to measure their erodibility. The Ames soil averag ...
... Changes in number and types of microorganisms in fermenting wild rice were studied. The effect of various microorganisms on keeping quality of wild rice during fermentation and on flavor of wild rice was also determined. Addition of microbial cultures and/or nutrient solutions did not increase the storage life of fermenting wild rice held at 21 or 5°C. Refrigeration of rice greatly increased the e ...
... Topsoil is usually respread over strip-mined land during reclamation. In some instances, spoil could be used as a medium for revegetation. The objectives of this study were to compare microbial parameters in spoil and soil and determine the effect of spoil amendment on these microbial parameters. Representative samples from a topsoil stockpile, a nonvegetated spoil, a reclaimed area, and an adjace ...
... If mine spoil areas are not topsoiled in spoil reclamation, microbial numbers and activities may need stimulation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of spoil amendment on microbial parameters and mycorrhizal infection of grass species in the field. Spoil on the San Juan coal mine near Farmington, New Mexico was amended with hay, sludge, or topsoil inoculum, or was covered w ...
... Protoplast fusion was used for the creation of a novel actinomycete capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Protoplasts of Streptomyces griseofuscus, a fast-growing actinomycete, and Frankia, a slow-growing actinomycete which fixes atmospheric nitrogen in culture and in symbiotic association with alders, were allowed to fuse and regenerate on media without supplied nitrogen. Colonies which regener ...
Streptomyces; electron microscopy; phenotype; plasmids; thiostrepton
Abstract:
... The sinefugin producing, pock forming strain Streptomyces incarnatus was shown to be thiostrepton resistant. However, it does not produce thiostrepton and structurally related antibiotics. In this strain, five low copy plasmids of variable sizes were detected with electron microscopy. The strain S. lividans TK24 became thiostrepton resistant upon transformation by one of the plasmids of S. incarna ...
... A bifunctional Streptomyces‐E. coli promoter probe vector, pULJA30, has been developed to isolate and characterize nucleotide sequences involved in transcription initiation and regulation. The vector is derived from plasmid pIJ486 [1], carries the pIJ101 replicon and utilizes the promoterless amoniglycoside phosphotransferase (neo) as indicator gene. Important features of the new vector include: w ...
... The genetic diversity among strains in the phenetically defined 'Streptomyces cyaneus' cluster was evaluated by DNA hybridization. The DNA relatedness data support the reduction of the blue-spored species S. bellus and S. curacoi to synonomy with S. coeruleorubidus, and the red-spored species S. afghaniensis, S. janthinus, S. roseoviolaceus, and S. violatus to synonymy with S. purpurascens. Most o ...
... DNA relatedness among 28 putative strains of Streptomyces ipomoea from geographically diverse locations and the type strain, NRRL B-12321, was determined spectrophotometrically. The data confirm that these 28 strains are not closely related genetically to the plant-pathogenic species Streptomyces scabies (39% DNA relatedness) or Streptomyces acidiscabies (17% DNA relatedness) or any other major bl ...
... Geosmin (1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) is produced by several microbial taxa and can impart musty/earthy off-flavors to food, potable water, and aquaculture-raised fish. The bacterium Streptomyces tendae (ATCC 31160) was grown on Hickey-tresner (HT), Streptomyces (STR), Actinomyces (ACT), and American Type Culture Collection sporulation agar (ATCC). The greatest fresh biomass occurred on AT ...
... A Streptomyces sp. has been isolated from perennial ryegrass seedling tissues from which it emerged in liquid culture after surface sterilization of seed. In submerged fermentation the Streptomyces produced 1-N-methylalbonoursin [1], a fluorescent and weakly antibiotic metabolite which was identified by ms and X-ray crystallography and further characterized by, uv, 1H-, and 13C-nmr spectroscopy. T ...
... Streptomyces olivaceoviridis efficiently degrades chitin. Shotgun cloning of partially Sau3A-cleaved DNA using the multicopy vector pIJ702 and Streptomyces lividans 66 as host resulted in the identification of the plasmid pCHI O1 which harbours an insert of 4.6 kb. In the presence of chitin as sole carbon source, transformants of S. lividans 66 carrying pCHI 01 or its derivatives with smaller inse ...
... DNA relatedness was evaluated among the type strains of Streptomyces lavendulae and the 11 species which were designated as subjective synonyms in volume 4 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Three S. lavendulae subspecies, five putative strains of S. lavendulae, and the type strain of "S. majorciensis" were also included in the present study. The 21 strains studied segregated into 14 c ...
... The actinomycete, Streptomyces hygroscopicus was shown to be capable of producing extracellular cellulase and cell associated beta-glucosidase activity during growth on cellulose containing media. Cell homogenates were shown to contain a beta-glucosidase fraction which was stable for up to 24 h at 30 degrees C and had half-lives of 480 min. and 220 min. at 40 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The en ...