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1. Microbiology of Mayonnaise and Salad Dressing: A Review

Author:
Smittle, Richard B.
Source:
Journal of food protection 1977 v.40 no.6 pp. 415-422
ISSN:
0362-028X
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Lactobacillus; Staphylococcus; acetic acid; bacteria; food pathogens; health hazards; mayonnaise; microbial growth; public health; salads; spoilage; sugars; yeasts; United States
Abstract:
... Mayonnaise and salad dressing commercially produced in the United States are defined in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration Standard of Identity. The microbiological content of these products is dictated primarily by the high acetic acid concentration found in their aqueous phase. The overall microbiological content of mayonnaise and salad dressing is low with a very low incidence of ...
DOI:
10.4315/0362-028X-40.6.415

2. Update on control of olive oil adulteration and misbranding in the United States

Author:
Firestone, D.; Carson, K.L.; Reina, R.J.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1988 v.65 no.5 pp. 788-792
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
olive oil; adulterated products; surveys; esterification; food inspection; laws and regulations; Food and Drug Administration; United States
DOI:
10.1007/BF02542533

3. Mutagenic potential of ammonia-related aflatoxin reaction products in a model system

Author:
Haworth, S.R.; Lawlor, T.E.; Zeiger, E.; Lee, L.S.; Park, D.L.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1989 v.66 no.1 pp. 102-104
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
mutagenicity; cottonseed meal; Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins; decontamination; pressure treatment; Food and Drug Administration; USDA; United States
DOI:
10.1007/BF02661794

4. Update on migration research and regulatory initiatives

Author:
Schwartz, P.S.
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 1994 v.11 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
0265-203X
Subject:
laws and regulations; food analysis; Food and Drug Administration; food contamination; food packaging; food policy; heat treatment; food additives; United States
Abstract:
... The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) current research programme on migration from food packaging materials focuses on high-temperature packaging applications. Results from two studies conducted by Arthur D. Little, Inc., under contract to the FDA, are presented as well as highlights of the FDA's research programme on migration from microwave heat susceptor packaging. Some regulatory policy iss ...
DOI:
10.1080/02652039409374224
PubMed:
8039586

5. Regulation of Medical Foods: Toward a Rational Policy

Author:
Mueller, Charles; Nestle, Marion
Source:
Nutrition in clinical practice 1995 v.10 no.1 pp. 8-15
ISSN:
0884-5336
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; adults; clinical trials; health foods; infant formulas; issues and policy; medical foods; morbidity; mortality; nutrients; nutrition; patients; processed foods; therapeutics; United States
Abstract:
... Medical foods are enterally administered formulas used as complete or supplemental nutrition support in the treatment of diseases and clinical disorders of hospitalized or incapacitated adult patients. Because clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of these products on morbidity and mortality rates, it has been difficult to reach consensus on their primary role. Are medica ...
DOI:
10.1177/011542659501000108

6. Herbal and Related Remedies

Author:
Bartels, Cathy L.; Miller, Sarah J.
Source:
Nutrition in clinical practice 1998 v.13 no.1 pp. 5-19
ISSN:
0884-5336
Subject:
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994; Food and Drug Administration; dietary supplements; drugs; United States
Abstract:
... Herbal and related remedies are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Although some of these products have been promoted as panaceas with little scientific data to support their use, clinical data are starting to accumulate showing the benefit of specific products. For the herbal products, English translation of the German Commission E monographs greatly increases the availability of ...
DOI:
10.1177/088453369801300102

7. U.S. Regulatory Oversight of Agricultural and Food-Related Biotechnology

Author:
UCHTMANN, DONALD L.; NELSON, GERALD C.
Source:
TheAmerican behavioral scientist 2000 v.44 no.3 pp. 350-377
ISSN:
0002-7642
Subject:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Food and Drug Administration; biotechnology; environmental protection; farmers; genetic engineering; industry; risk; United States
Abstract:
... Genetic engineering has both risks and the potential to provide significant benefits. The Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology relies on existing federal laws and agencies to assure that genetically engineered products are safe. The goal is to balance the need for safety with the need to avoid impeding the biotech industry. This article reviews U.S. laws of greatest significance t ...
DOI:
10.1177/00027640021956251

8. Folic Acid Intake from Fortification in United States Exceeds Predictions

Author:
Choumenkovich, Silvina F.; Selhub, Jacob; Wilson, Peter W.F.; Rader, Jeanne I.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.; Jacques, Paul F.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2002 v.132 no.9 pp. 2792-2798
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Estimated Average Requirement; Food and Drug Administration; Tolerable Upper Intake Level; cohort studies; confidence interval; folic acid; foods; nutrient intake; progeny; United States
Abstract:
... In 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a regulation requiring that all enriched cereal-grain products be fortified with folic acid by January 1998. An average increase in folic acid intake of 100 μg/d was projected as a result of this fortification. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of this fortification on the intake of folic acid and total folate, and o ...
PubMed:
12221247

9. Hazard analysis and critical control point––original “spin”

Author:
Adams, Catherine E.
Source:
Food control 2002 v.13 no.6-7 pp. 355-358
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
Codex Alimentarius; Food and Drug Administration; HACCP; USDA; hazard characterization; juices; poultry meat; seafoods; trade; United States
Abstract:
... It may be a reflection of age, but I hope it is a reflection of age and wisdom that we have been invited to present a "retrospection" on hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) as a regulatory tool. HACCP has become a regulatory tool of choice for many countries, advanced through its adoption by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the early 1990s. HACCP has been defined as a method for ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00041-5

10. Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial

Author:
Jenkins, David J.A.; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Vuksan, Vladimir; Vidgen, Edward; Parker, Tina; Faulkner, Dorothea; Mehling, Christine C.; Garsetti, Marcella; Testolin, Giulio; Cunnane, Stephen C.; Ryan, Mary Ann; Corey, Paul N.
Source:
American journal of clinical nutrition 2002 v.75 no.5 pp. 834-839
ISSN:
0002-9165
Subject:
health claims; dietary fiber; blood lipids; energy; foods; gastrointestinal system; high fiber diet; Food and Drug Administration; soluble fiber; risk factors; fasting; cholesterol; beta-glucans; palatability; risk reduction; blood; blood pressure; adults; United States
Abstract:
... Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, β-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Objective: We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: Sixty-eight hyperlipidemic adults ...
PubMed:
11976156

11. Soy Isoflavones Increase Latency of Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in Mice

Author:
Jin, Zeming; MacDonald, Ruth S.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2002 v.132 no.10 pp. 3186-3190
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Mouse mammary tumor virus; adulthood; breast neoplasms; carcinogenesis; cardioprotective effect; daidzein; foods; gene overexpression; genistein; health claims; hormone replacement therapy; humans; mammary neoplasms (animal); mice; models; oncogenes; perinatal period; plant estrogens; soy protein; women; United States
Abstract:
... Soy protein, with and without isoflavones, is being added to foods by manufacturers in response to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved health claim for cardiovascular protection. Furthermore, soy isoflavones are increasingly consumed by women in the United States as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. The role of these phytoestrogens in breast cancer is controversial. Althou ...
PubMed:
12368416

12. Contaminants and levels of occurrence in washed and shredded poly(ethylene terephthalate) from curbside collection. Part 1: Extraction conditions

Author:
Konkol, L.M.; Cross, R.F.; Harding, I.H.; Kosior, E.
Source:
Food additives and contaminants : Analysis, surveillance, evaluation Control 2003 v.20 no.9 pp. 859-874
ISSN:
1944-0049
Subject:
benzophenones; ethylene; dodecanoic acid; polyethylene terephthalates; monitoring; Food and Drug Administration; methylene chloride; methyl salicylate; particle size; limonene; solvents; food additives; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; United States
Abstract:
... The aim was to determine which contaminants were present in washed and dried shredded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET, flake) obtained from curbside collection and whether the concentrations were above the US FDA threshold of 215 ppb. Thirty-two semivolatile contaminants were extracted from the treated flake by Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane as a PET swelling solvent and gas chromatogr ...
DOI:
10.1080/0265203031000156088

13. Dietary phytoestrogens – a role in women’s health

Author:
Jefferson, Angie
Source:
Nutrition and food science 2003 v.33 no.1 pp. 16-22
ISSN:
0034-6659
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; antioxidant activity; blood; bone density; cholesterol; diet; health claims; health foods; isoflavones; menopause; plant estrogens; women; United Kingdom; United States
Abstract:
... Interest into the role of dietary phytoestrogens and their potential effects on women’s health has dramatically increased over the past decade. Phytoestrogens, and in particular isoflavone-rich soya foods, are now believed to play a role in alleviating symptoms of the menopause, maintaining bone density, reducing blood cholesterol levels, protecting against cancer development. In addition they exh ...
DOI:
10.1108/00346650310459527

14. Effectiveness of polypropylene film as a barrier to migration from recycled paperboard packaging to fatty and high-moisture food

Author:
Song, Y.S.; Begley, T.; Paquette, K.; Komolprasert, V.
Source:
Food additives and contaminants : Analysis, surveillance, evaluation Control 2003 v.20 no.9 pp. 875-883
ISSN:
1944-0049
Subject:
benzophenones; risk; pentachlorophenol; monitoring; Food and Drug Administration; anthracenes; stearic acid; food packaging; food additives; isopropyl alcohol; flame ionization; paper; polypropylenes; recycled paper; solvents; ethanol; paperboard; United States
Abstract:
... The capability of a polypropylene (PP) film barrier to prevent migration of residual contaminants from recycled paperboard into food simulants was studied. Anthracene, benzophenone, methyl stearate and pentachlorophenol were chosen as chemical surrogates to represent classes of contaminants likely to be found in recycled paper/paperboard. Each surrogate was spiked into a test specimen made of seve ...
DOI:
10.1080/02652030310001597592

15. Isoflavone supplements do not affect thyroid function in iodine-replete postmenopausal women

Author:
Bruce, Bonnie; Messina, Mark; Spiller, Gene A.
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2003 v.6 no.4 pp. 309-316
ISSN:
1096-620X
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; animals; blood serum; cholesteremic effect; goiter; health claims; hormone replacement therapy; infants; iodine; isoflavones; postmenopause; soy protein; soybeans; thyroid function; thyrotropin; triiodothyronine; women; United States
Abstract:
... Despite the safety review conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the process of awarding a health claim for the cholesterol-lowering properties of soy protein, concerns about the possible goitrogenic effects of soybean isoflavones persist. Concerns are based primarily on in vitro research, animal studies, and older reports of goiter in infants fed soy formula not fortified with iodi ...
DOI:
10.1089/109662003772519859
PubMed:
14977438

16. Residue Depletion Study and Withdrawal Period for Flunixin-N-methyl Glucamine in Bovine Milk Following Intravenous Administration

Author:
Ngoh, Maureen A.; Wislocki, Peter G.; Thompson, Kenneth; Katz, Terry; Weingarten, Allan; TerHune, Terry; Hurshman, Bret
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2003 v.51 no.16 pp. 4701-4707
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; body weight; dairy cows; drugs; guidelines; intravenous injection; lactation; mass spectrometry; milk; veterinary medicine; United States
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to establish a withdrawal period for flunixin in milk by quantifying 5-hydroxyflunixin, the marker residue, in bovine milk as a function of time, following intravenous treatment of lactating dairy cows with flunixin-N-methyl glucamine (Banamine or Finadyne). Lactating dairy cows were dosed on three consecutive days at 2.2 mg of flunixin free acid/kg of body weight/d ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf026219+

17. Safe food from a consumer perspective

Author:
DeWaal, Caroline Smith
Source:
Food control 2003 v.14 no.2 pp. 75-79
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
foods; public health; Food and Drug Administration; food contamination; HACCP; safety standards; food availability; animal production; food policy; experts; United States
Abstract:
... Food-safety experts believe that contaminated food causes up to 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations and 5000 deaths each year in the US alone. These estimates underline the fact that foodborne-illnesses pose a significant public-health burden. CSPI recommends strengthening the safety of the food supply by setting farm and animal production food-safety standards, by improving Hazard Anal ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00114-7

18. Source of Arsenic in Licorice Confectionery Products

Author:
Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel Antonio; Aracil, Pedro; Garcia, Elena; Burlo, Francisco; Martinez-Sanchez, Francisco
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2003 v.51 no.6 pp. 1749-1752
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; arsenic; atomic absorption spectrometry; glycyrrhizin; high performance liquid chromatography; licorice; pearls; sweets; throat; United States
Abstract:
... Spanish legislation sets a maximum level for total arsenic (As) in confectionery products at 0.1 μg g-1. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration limitations for glycyrrhizic acid in hard and soft candies are 160 and 31 mg g-1, respectively. Arsenic and glycyrrhizic acid were determined in 22 different confectionery products: 9 throat pearls, 4 hard candies, and 9 soft candies. Arsenic and glycyrrhiz ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf026057h

19. Whole grain health claims in the USA and other efforts to increase whole-grain consumption

Author:
Marquart, Len; Wiemer, Kathryn L.; Jones, Julie M.; Jacob, Brenda
Source:
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2003 v.62 no.1 pp. 151-160
ISSN:
0029-6651
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990; chronic diseases; color; diet; dietary recommendations; experts; hardness; health claims; health information; heart diseases; industry; modernization; national surveys; prices; public health; purchasing; risk; taste; texture; value added; water content; whole grain foods; United States
Abstract:
... In response to the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, the Food and Drug Administration approved seven health claims that addressed the relationship between broad food categories and risk of certain chronic diseases. These claims are based on scientific consensus that includes epidemiological, animal and clinical research. The Food and Drug Administration also established a process to petit ...
DOI:
10.1079/PNS2003242

20. The effects of fiber enrichment of pasta and fat content on gastric emptying, GLP-1, glucose, and insulin responses to a meal

Author:
Frost, G.S.; Brynes, A.E.; Dhillo, W.S.; Bloom, S.R.; McBurney, M.I.
Source:
European journal of clinical nutrition 2003 v.57 no.2 pp. 293-298
ISSN:
0954-3007
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Plantago; absorption; acetaminophen; blood; blood sampling; cholesterol; coronary disease; cross-over studies; diabetes; gastric emptying; glucagon-like peptide 1; glucose; health claims; hunger; insulin; lipid content; long term effects; metabolism; nausea; nutrients; pasta; risk factors; saturated fats; sodium propionate; soluble fiber; sunflower oil; tomato sauce; unsaturated fats; United States
Abstract:
... Objective: To assess whether the addition of viscous fiber at an amount recommended by the US FDA to allow a 'low saturated fat, cholesterol, soluble fiber and coronary heart disease', health claim label on a food package (1.7 g psyllium) and/or fat (30 g sunflower oil and 3 g sodium propionate) to a pasta meal would affect gastric emptying, postprandial glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations. ...
DOI:
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601520