U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject Zea mays Remove constraint Subject: Zea mays Subject hardness Remove constraint Subject: hardness
Start Over

Search

67  Search Results

1 - 67 of 67
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Effects of corn kernel hardness and grain drying temperature on particle size and pellet durability when grinding using a roller mill or hammermill

Author:
Córdova-Noboa, Hernan A.; Oviedo-Rondón, Edgar O.; Ortiz, Andrés; Matta, Yilmar; Hoyos, Jose Sebastian; Buitrago, Gherly Daniela; Martinez, Juan Daivd; Yanquen, Jose Jonatan; Chico, Miguel; Martin, Viviana Edita San; Fahrenholz, Adam; Ospina-Rojas, Ivan Camilo; Peñuela, Lina
Source:
Animal feed science and technology 2021 v.271 pp. 114715
ISSN:
0377-8401
Subject:
Zea mays; animal performance; corn; data analysis; diet; drying; drying temperature; durability; feed mills; feeds; grinding; hardness; hybrids; milling; particle size; regression analysis; seeds; standard deviation; storage time; t-test
Abstract:
... Corn kernel hardness and drying temperature may affect particle size and distribution after grinding, impacting feed mill productivity and animal performance. In the present study, the effects of two corn hybrids with different kernel hardness (average and hard respectively) and three-grain drying temperatures (35, 80, and 120 °C) on the geometric mean (dgw) and standard deviation (Sgw) of particl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114715

2. Varietal-hosts attractance and repellence to larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera; Bostrichidae) and role played by grains morphophysical and biochemical characteristics

Author:
Ngom, Déthié; Sembène, Mbacké
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2020 v.40 no.4 pp. 877-885
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
Prostephanus truncatus; Zea mays; adults; color; corn; females; grain crops; hardness; males; oviposition; palmitic acid; phenolic compounds; progeny; storage pests; stored grain; varietal resistance; weight loss; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, is stored in Sub-Saharan Africa to ensure the food resource availability throughout the year. However, maize stored often encounters losses in excess of 20% due to pests such as the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera; Bostrichidae), a major pest of stored maize in tropical countries. This study ...
DOI:
10.1007/s42690-020-00145-4

3. Genotype selection influences the quality of gluten-free bread from maize

Author:
Ekpa, Onu; Palacios-Rojas, Natalia; Rosales, Aldo; Renzetti, Stefano; Fogliano, Vincenzo; Linnemann, Anita R.
Source:
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [i.e. und] Technologie 2020 v.125 pp. 109214
ISSN:
0023-6438
Subject:
Zea mays; breadmaking; breadmaking quality; corn; dough; flour; genotype; germplasm; gluten-free bread; hardness; hybrids; landraces; seeds; texture; viscoelasticity; wheat; zinc; Mexico
Abstract:
... Making bread from maize is a technological challenge due to the poor viscoelastic properties of the dough. Maize germplasm as well as the thermoalkaline processing technique commonly used in Mexico can be harnessed for bread making purposes. We assessed the bread making performance of two maize hybrids, two landraces, and their thermoalkaline processed flour in addition to their blend with high zi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109214

4. Maize kernel color depends on the interaction between hardness and carotenoid concentration

Author:
Saenz, Ezequiel; Abdala, Lucas J.; Borrás, Lucas; Gerde, José A.
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2020 v.91 pp. 102901
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Zea mays; carotenoids; color; corn; endosperm; flour; food industry; genotype; hardness; hybrids
Abstract:
... Maize kernel color and carotenoid concentration are traits valued by the food industry to ensure the quality of their products. Correlations between color and carotenoid concentration have been extensively reported. Based on the concept that chromaticity is modified differently by opaque and translucent materials, we tested the hypothesis that maize kernel color is not only the result of total car ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102901

5. Damage resistance and compressive properties of bulk maize kernels at varying pressing factors: Experiments and modeling

Author:
Su, Yuan; Cui, Tao; Zhang, Dongxing; Xia, Guoyi; Gao, Xiaojun; He, Xiaowei; Xu, Yang
Source:
Journal of food process engineering 2019 v.42 no.7 pp. e13267
ISSN:
0145-8876
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; cultivars; deformation; energy; food industry; forage; grain crops; handling machinery; hardness; mechanical properties; pharmaceutical industry; pressing; processing equipment; regression analysis; seeds; water content
Abstract:
... The physical and mechanical properties of two maize cultivars, ZD 958 and SR 999, were determined. Compression testing of bulk corn kernels was performed using a universal compression testing machine and a transparent device with a plunger. The purpose of the research was to describe damage resistance and compression properties of bulk maize kernels by measuring the broken rate, deformation, defor ...
DOI:
10.1111/jfpe.13267

6. MLR and experimental testing for characterization and classification of damage resistance of maize hybrids based on mechanical properties

Author:
Su, Yuan; Cui, Tao; Zhang, Dongxing; Xia, Guoyi; Gao, Xiaojun; He, Xiaowei; Xu, Yang
Source:
Journal of food process engineering 2019 v.42 no.7 pp. e13262
ISSN:
0145-8876
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; endosperm; food processing; hardness; harvesting; hybrids; mechanical damage; mechanical properties; planting; processing technology; seeds
Abstract:
... The mechanical properties of kernels and ears are important factors affecting the resistance of maize hybrids of mechanical impact. The mechanical properties of kernels and ears and broken rate (BR) of 28 hybrids were determined by uniaxial compression, shear, and hardness tests under standard operating conditions. A strong correlation was found between the BR and the mechanical properties of all ...
DOI:
10.1111/jfpe.13262

7. Effects of high amylopectin (waxy1) and high-quality protein (opaque2) maize mutants in agronomic performance and bakery quality

Author:
Revilla, Pedro; Garzón, Raquel; Rosell, Cristina M.; Malvar, Rosa A.
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2019 v.89 pp. 102796
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; alleles; amylopectin; breadmaking quality; breads; chewiness; cohesion; color; dough; genotype; gluten-free foods; hardness; hybrids; mutants; pasting properties; patients; temperature; viscosity; water binding capacity; waxy corn
Abstract:
... Maize is used in bakery and gluten free food for celiac patients. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of maize mutants with high-amylopectin (waxy1) or quality protein (opaque2) in dough bread by using near-isogenic maize hybrids for waxy1 (wx1) and opaque2 (o2). Differences between wx1 and its wild type allele (Wx1) were significant more often than for o2. Agronomic performance ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102796

8. Tamales texture properties as a function of corn endosperm type

Author:
Cruz-Vazquez, Celia; Villanueva-Carvajal, Adriana; Estrada-Campuzano, Gaspar; Dominguez-Lopez, Aurelio
Source:
International journal of gastronomy and food science 2019 v.16 pp. 100153
ISSN:
1878-4518
Subject:
pork; hardness; steam; texture; corn cobs; gastronomy; cakes; lard; corn meal; Zea mays; amylose; bracts; corn; flavor; adhesion; nixtamalization; races; dough; sauces; particle size; endosperm; Latin America; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Tamales are a kind of steam cooked small cakes usually made with nixtamalized cornmeal, pork lard, salt and wrapped in corn cob bracts. Nowadays, tamales could be considered as an essential dish for cuisines of almost all Latin America and even the Southern United States. Tamales' flavour is simple and quite neutral as they can be filled with different sauces and fillings give them their typical o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100153

9. Role of yield genetic progress on the biochemical determinants of maize kernel hardness

Author:
Caballero-Rothar, Nancy N.; Abdala, Lucas J.; Borrás, Lucas; Gerde, José A.
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2019 v.87 pp. 301-310
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Zea mays; amylose; breeding; corn; genotype; hardness; hybrids; seeds; zein; Argentina
Abstract:
... Maize kernel hardness is a key attribute for the global maize processing industry. Breeding for on-farm yield has decreased kernel hardness. However, the underlying changes in zeins and starch composition, mechanistically related to kernel hardness, are unknown. We evaluated changes in zein and starch composition of 32 commercial hybrids released from 1965 to 2016 in Argentina. Kernel protein conc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2019.04.019

10. Quality Parameters of Masa and Tortillas Produced from Blue Maize (Zea mays sp. mays) Landraces

Author:
Chimimba, Justin; Pratt, Richard; Cuellar, Maria; Delgado, Efren
Source:
Journal of food science 2019 v.84 no.2 pp. 213-223
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
hardness; loss modulus; flour; traditional foods; cooking; extensibility; enthalpy; landraces; starch; gelatinization temperature; denaturation; Zea mays; storage modulus; tortillas; corn; masa; nixtamalization; endosperm; color; functional properties; gelatinization
Abstract:
... There is increasing interest in the production of landrace blue maize varieties for the production of traditional foods and for specialty (noncommodity) products. Most varieties have soft (floury) endosperm and their suitability for thermo‐alkaline processing is not known. We examined the physical and functional properties of eight floury varieties with those of three dent and one flint variety fo ...
DOI:
10.1111/1750-3841.14442

11. Physicochemical properties of ready‐to‐eat extruded nixtamalized maize‐based snacks enriched with grasshopper

Author:
Cuj‐Laines, Rubí; Hernández‐Santos, Betsabé; Reyes‐Jaquez, Damian; Delgado‐Licon, Efren; Juárez‐Barrientos, José M.; Rodríguez‐Miranda, Jesús
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2018 v.53 no.8 pp. 1889-1895
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
Zea mays; bulk density; color; corn flour; experimental design; extrusion; grasshoppers; hardness; nixtamalization; ready-to-eat foods; snacks; temperature; water content; water uptake
Abstract:
... The aim of this research was to prepare an extruded snack based on nixtamalized maize flour (Zea mays L.) (NMF) enriched with grasshopper meal (Sphenarium purpurascens Ch.) (GM) using a single screw extruder with a compression screw ratio of 3:1. A central experimental design comprising three independent variables, namely, extrusion temperature (T = 120–180 °C), feed moisture content (FMC = 18–22  ...
DOI:
10.1111/ijfs.13774

12. Fungicide Applications and Grain Dry Milling Quality in Late-Sown Maize

Author:
Abdala, Lucas J.; Gerde, José A.; Gambin, Brenda L.; Borrás, Lucas
Source:
Crop science 2018 v.58 no.2 pp. 892-899
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; application timing; corn; crop management; dry milling; fumonisins; fungicides; genotype; grain composition; grain quality; hardness; milling quality; oils; pesticide application; starch
Abstract:
... Argentinean maize (Zea mays L.) is known for its grain hardness, and exporting grain lots are subject to strict regulations regarding physical characteristics and mycotoxin concentrations. Our production system is changing to later sowings, and the use of foliar fungicides is becoming more common due to positive yield responses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fungicide treatments at di ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2017.08.0510

13. Maize Kernel Hardness, Endosperm Zein Profiles, and Ethanol Production

Author:
Gerde, Jose A.; Spinozzi, Joel I.; Borrás, Lucas
Source:
BioEnergy research 2017 v.10 no.3 pp. 760-771
ISSN:
1939-1234
Subject:
correlation; Zea mays; beta-zein; nitrogen; fertilizer rates; hardness; industry; corn; crop yield; endosperm; ethanol production; genetic engineering; genotype; grain quality; feedstocks; crop management; ethanol; protein composition; nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) grain is an important feedstock for the ethanol-producing industry. However, little is known about the optimum grain quality for optimizing ethanol yielding efficiencies. We specifically investigated the response of ethanol yields (L Mg⁻¹) to kernel hardness, and its physiological determinant endosperm zein protein profiles, as affected by genotype selection, field nitrogen (N) ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12155-017-9837-4

14. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Popping Traits and Kernel Characteristics in Sorghum Grain

Author:
Pugh, N. Ace; Rodriguez-Herrera, Raul; Klein, Robert R.; Klein, Patricia E.; Rooney, William L.
Source:
Crop science 2017 v.57 no.4 pp. 1999-2006
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; chromosome mapping; genome; genotyping; grain sorghum; hardness; loci; popcorn; popping; popping quality; quantitative trait loci; seeds; selective breeding; snack foods
Abstract:
... Popped grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has developed a niche among specialty snack-food consumers. In contrast with popcorn (Zea mays L.), sorghum has not benefitted from persistent selective breeding for popping efficiency and kernel expansion ratio. Although recent studies have already demonstrated that popping characteristics are heritable in sorghum, the discovery of quantitative t ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2017.01.0029

15. Influence of maize kernel state and type on life history of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Author:
Predojević, Dragana Z.; Vukajlović, Filip N.; Tanasković, Snežana T.; Gvozdenac, Sonja M.; Pešić, Snežana B.
Source:
Journal of stored products research 2017 v.72 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
0022-474X
Subject:
Plodia interpunctella; Zea mays; adults; corn; eggs; fecundity; females; hardness; hybrids; larvae; larval development; life history; rearing; seeds; storage insects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different mechanical states (whole, broken and ground kernels) and types (dent, semi-flint and flint) of maize kernels on life history parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), the Indian meal moth. These parameters included larval development and its dynamics, adult emergence, mean development duration (MDD) and fecundity. Since ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jspr.2017.04.010

16. Crop Management Options for Maximizing Maize Kernel Hardness

Author:
Tamagno, Santiago; Greco, Ignacio A.; Almeida, Helbert; Di Paola, Juan C.; Ribes, Francisco Martí; Borrás, Lucas
Source:
Agronomy journal 2016 v.108 no.4 pp. 1561-1570
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; crop management; dry milling; endosperm; environmental factors; farmers; fertilizer rates; filling period; flint corn; genotype; grain quality; hardness; milling industry; nitrogen fertilizers; oils; stand density; starch
Abstract:
... Special hard endosperm maize (Zea mays L.) adapted for optimum dry milling yields is produced worldwide. Argentine flint maize is internationally known, and specific values for grain vitreousness, floaters, and test weight are demanded by the industry. Agricultural practices aimed to reach these standards, however, are not clear for farmers. Our general objective was to identify possible managemen ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj2015.0590

17. Healthy Ready-to-Eat Expanded Snack with High Nutritional and Antioxidant Value Produced from Whole Amarantin Transgenic Maize and Black Common Bean

Author:
Espinoza-Moreno, Ramona J.; Reyes-Moreno, Cuauhtémoc; Milán-Carrillo, Jorge; López-Valenzuela, José A.; Paredes-López, Octavio; Gutiérrez-Dorado, Roberto
Source:
Plant foods for human nutrition 2016 v.71 no.2 pp. 218-224
ISSN:
0921-9668
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; beans; bulk density; chronic diseases; corn; dietary fiber; disease prevention; energy; energy density; extrusion; functional foods; hardness; health promotion; markets; phenolic compounds; protein content; ready-to-eat foods; response surface methodology; snack foods; snacks; temperature; transgenic plants; water content; whole grain foods
Abstract:
... The snack foods market is currently demanding healthier products. A ready-to-eat expanded snack with high nutritional and antioxidant value was developed from a mixture (70:30) of whole amarantin transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) and black common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by optimizing the extrusion process. Extruder operation conditions were: feed moisture content (FMC, 15–25 %, wet basis), barre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11130-016-0551-8

18. A high-throughput X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) approach for measuring single kernel maize (Zea mays L.) volumes and densities

Author:
Guelpa, Anina; du Plessis, Anton; Manley, Marena
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2016 v.69 pp. 321-328
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Zea mays; dry milling; hybrids; statistics; staple foods; micro-computed tomography; hardness; developing countries; corn; milling quality; endosperm; X-radiation
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) meal, which is industrially produced using dry-milling, is an important staple food in many developing countries. Kernel hardness is often the characteristic that is measured to select hybrids desirable for milling. Conventional hardness methods present challenges and limitations. Therefore, high-throughput methodology was developed, using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT), ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2016.04.009

19. Evaluation of White Maize Populations for Quality and Agronomic Performance

Author:
Samayoa, Luis Fernando; Malvar, Rosa Ana; Moreno-González, Jesús; Ordás, Amando; Revilla, Pedro
Source:
Crop science 2016 v.56 no.3 pp. 1173-1178
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; breeding programs; corn; flowering date; genotype-environment interaction; germplasm; hardness; open pollination; Spain
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) used for food is mostly white, but studies involving white maize varieties are scarce. Furthermore, limited efforts have been devoted to improve white maize. We evaluated a wide collection of open-pollinated white maize populations to identify the most suitable populations as base germplasm for a breeding program for bakery aptitude. There was large variability for growth cycle ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2015.08.0497

20. Blue corn (Zea mays L.) with added orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit bagasse: novel ingredients for extruded snacks

Author:
Navarro Cortez, Ricardo Omar; Gómez-Aldapa, Carlos Alberto; Aguilar-Palazuelos, Ernesto; Delgado-Licon, Efren; Castro Rosas, Javier; Hernández-Ávila, Juan; Solís-Soto, Aquiles; Ochoa-Martínez, Luz Araceli; Medrano-Roldán, Hiram
Source:
CyTA: journal of food 2016 v.14 no.2 pp. 349-358
ISSN:
1947-6345
Subject:
Citrus sinensis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Zea mays; absorption; bagasse; corn; crude fiber; endosperm; hardness; ingredients; scanning electron microscopy; snacks; starch; temperature; water solubility
Abstract:
... Physicochemical and structural analyses were done of extruded snacks produced with two types of blue corn (hard and soft endosperm) combined with orange bagasse. Chemical composition, expansion index (EI), penetration force, water absorption index, and water solubility index values were calculated for all treatments. They were also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ...
DOI:
10.1080/19476337.2015.1114026

21. Non-destructive Estimation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernel Hardness by Means of an X-ray Micro-computed Tomography (μCT) Density Calibration

Author:
Guelpa, Anina; du Plessis, Anton; Kidd, Martin; Manley, Marena
Source:
Food and bioprocess technology 2015 v.8 no.7 pp. 1419-1429
ISSN:
1935-5130
Subject:
Zea mays; dry milling; analysis of variance; micro-computed tomography; equations; hardness; milling industry; porosity; corn; raw materials; endosperm; polymers; X-radiation
Abstract:
... An X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) density calibration was constructed for whole maize (Zea mays L.) kernels from polymers ranging in absolute densities from 0.9 to 2.2 g cm⁻³. The resulting linear equation was used to estimate the densities of two regions-of-interest, i.e. vitreous and floury endosperm, as well as that of the entire maize kernel. The sample set comprised 16 maize kernels (e ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11947-015-1502-3

22. Phytochemical and Nutraceutical Changes during Recurrent Selection for Storage Pest Resistance in Tropical Maize

Author:
García-Lara, Silverio; Bergvinson, David J.
Source:
Crop science 2014 v.54 no.6 pp. 2423-2432
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Prostephanus truncatus; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays; antioxidant activity; bioassays; cell walls; chemical constituents of plants; corn; endosperm; farmers; ferulic acid; germplasm; hardness; insect resistance; nutrients; pericarp; phytochemicals; recurrent selection; staple crops; storage pests
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple crop used for subsistence by smallholder farmers around the world, who usually store grain for gradual use. During the course of storage, losses due to storage pests often reach 20%. Over three cycles of recurrent selection, population improvement to develop sources of resistance to the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncates) and the maize weevil (Sitophilus zea ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2014.03.0223

23. Augmented biocontrol action of silica nanoparticles and Pseudomonas fluorescens bioformulant in maize (Zea mays L.)

Author:
Rangaraj, Suriyaprabha; Gopalu, Karunakaran; Muthusamy, Prabhu; Rathinam, Yuvakkumar; Venkatachalam, Rajendran; Narayanasamy, Kannan
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.17 pp. 8461-8465
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Pseudomonas fluorescens; Zea mays; biological control; corn; hardness; leaves; nanoparticles; pathogens; phenols; plant protection; silica; soil; surface roughness
Abstract:
... Nanosilica and Pseudomonas sp. was treated in soil to enhance the biocontrol activity against pathogens in maize. The leaf hardness shows an increase in surface roughness and elevated phenols while treating nanobiocomposites. Higher phenols and hardness induce silica accumulation in leaves and initiate more effective physical barriers for crop protection. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ra46251j

24. The Influence of Carrier Water pH and Hardness on Saflufenacil Efficacy and Solubility

Author:
Roskamp, Jared M.; Turco, Ronald F.; Bischoff, Marianne; Johnson, William G.
Source:
Weed technology 2013 v.27 no.3 pp. 527-533
ISSN:
0890-037X
Subject:
Ambrosia trifida; Chenopodium album; Zea mays; agrochemicals; corn; field experimentation; greenhouse experimentation; greenhouses; hardness; herbicides; pH; solubility; testing; water hardness; weeds
Abstract:
... The pH and hardness of water used as agrochemical carrier can influence herbicide efficacy. The objective of this research was to determine the role of carrier water pH and hardness on saflufenacil efficacy and solubility. Saflufenacil was mixed in eight different carrier waters with one of five pH levels (4.0, 5.2, 6.5, 7.7, 9.0) or one of three hardness levels (0, 310, 620 mg L⁻¹) and applied PO ...
DOI:
10.1614/WT-D-12-00154.1

25. Two Traditional Maize Inbred Lines of Contrasting Technological Abilities Are Discriminated by the Seed Flour Proteome

Author:
Pinheiro, Carla; Sergeant, Kjell; Machado, Cátia M.; Renaut, Jenny; Ricardo, Cândido P.
Source:
Journal of Proteome Research 2013 v.12 no.7 pp. 3152-3165
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
hardness; mass spectrometry; protein solubility; solubilization; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; proteome; trypsin; chymotrypsin; corn flour; multivariate analysis; storage proteins; Zea mays; breadmaking; prolamins; corn; inbred lines; chitin; protein bodies; fractionation; stress response; endosperm; protein content; globulins; cyclophilins
Abstract:
... The seed proteome of two traditional maize inbred lines (pb269 and pb369) contrasting in grain hardness and in preferable use for bread-making was evaluated. The pb269 seeds, of flint type (i.e., hard endosperm), are preferably used by manufacturers, while pb369 (dent, soft endosperm) is rejected. The hypothesis that the content and relative amounts of specific proteins in the maize flour are rele ...
DOI:
10.1021/pr400012t

26. Influence of Water Hardness and Co-applied Herbicides on Saflufenacil Efficacy

Author:
Roskamp, Jared M.; Chahal, Gurinderbir S.; Johnson, William G.
Source:
Crop management 2012 v.11 no.1 pp. 0
ISSN:
1543-7833
Subject:
2,4-D; Chenopodium album; Glycine max; Zea mays; atrazine; broadleaf weeds; clethodim; corn; dicamba; field experimentation; glufosinate; glyphosate; hardness; imazaquin; imazethapyr; isoxaflutole; mesotrione; metribuzin; paraquat; saflufenacil; soybeans; sulfates; water hardness; weed control; Indiana
Abstract:
... Saflufenacil (Sharpen) is a commonly used preplant herbicide for the control of broadleaf weeds in corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). Water hardness can influence the efficacy of some herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in Lafayette, IN, in 2012 to determine the influence of water hardness and co-applied herbicides on the efficacy of saflufenacil. Saflufenacil application with any ...
DOI:
10.1094/CM-2012-1213-01-RS

27. Genetic Architecture Underlying Kernel Quality in Food-Grade Maize

Author:
Lee, E. A.; Young, J.A.; Frégeau-Reid, J.A.; Good, B.G.
Source:
Crop science 2012 v.52 no.4 pp. 1561-1571
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; hybrids; hardness; corn; crossing; endosperm; additive gene effects; inbred lines; cooking
Abstract:
... Kernel quality of food-grade maize (Zea mays L.) impacts the quality of the final product and is related to dry matter loss during the alkaline cooking process. Kernel size, density, and endosperm hardness are the main kernel characteristics that determine kernel quality. Insight into the genetics governing food-grade kernel quality parameters and the influence of environment on them was gained th ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2011.10.0545

28. Changes in kernel characteristics during grain filling in silage-specific and dual-purpose corn hybrids

Author:
Ma, B. L.; Dwyer, L. M.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2012 v.92 no.3 pp. 427-439
ISSN:
1918-1833
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; correlation; decision making; dry matter accumulation; field experimentation; filling period; hardness; harvest date; hybrids; nitrogen; nitrogen content; phosphorus; population density; seeds; water content; whole crop silage
Abstract:
... Ma, B. L. and Dwyer, L. M. 2012. Changes in kernel characteristics during grain filling in silage-specific and dual-purpose corn hybrids. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 427–439. Silage-specific corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids have been gaining in popularity in recent years, but there is a lack of information about the difference in kernel characterization between Leafy silage-specific and dual-purpose hybrids. ...
DOI:
10.4141/cjps2011-071

29. Influence of Growing and Storage Conditions on Bakery Quality of Traditional Maize Varieties under Organic Agriculture

Author:
Revilla, Pedro; Landa, Arsenio; Rodríguez, Almudena; Ordás, Amando; Malvar, Rosa Ana
Source:
Crop science 2012 v.52 no.2 pp. 593-600
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; air; drying; flint corn; freezing; germination; grain quality; grain yield; hardness; harvest date; humans; milling; organic production; pericarp; storage conditions; traditional technology; water content
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) used for human consumption is frequently processed following traditional methods with unknown effects. The objectives of this research consist of studying genotypic and environmental effects on grain quality for human consumption and evaluating traditional grain processing methods. Three maize varieties were evaluated for 2 yr in two locations. Populations were significantly di ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0182

30. Extrusion conditions and zea mays endosperm hardness affecting gluten‐free spaghetti quality

Author:
Merayo, Yanina A.; González, Rolando J.; Drago, Silvina R.; Torres, Roberto L.; De Greef, Dardo M.
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2011 v.46 no.11 pp. 2321-2328
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
Zea mays; cooking; cooking quality; corn; endosperm; energy; experimental design; extrusion; flour; friction; hardness; pasta; physicochemical properties; temperature; water content
Abstract:
... The effects of extrusion temperature (80, 90 and 100 °C) and flour moisture content (27%, 31% and 35%) on corn spaghetti quality were evaluated according to a factorial experimental design. Flours obtained from a soft and hard endosperm were processed in a Brabender single screw extruder. Corn spaghettis with good cooking characteristics and resistance to overcooking were obtained by extrusion ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02752.x

31. Crop management affects dry-milling quality of flint maize kernels

Author:
Cirilo, A.G.; Actis, M.; Andrade, F.H.; Valentinuz, O.R.
Source:
Field crops research 2011 v.122 no.2 pp. 140-150
ISSN:
0378-4290
Subject:
dent corn; Zea mays; dry milling; flint corn; hybrids; sowing date; hardness; plant density; growing season; endosperm; grain yield; yield components; crop management; crops; Argentina
Abstract:
... Dry-milling performance of maize (Zea mays, L.) kernels primarily depends on their hardness. The flint type is harder than the dent and semi-dent maize, yielding a higher proportion of big endosperm pieces in the mill. Nevertheless, crop growing conditions could modify milling properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of different crop environments and management practices o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.007

32. Development of extruded snacks using taro (Colocasia esculenta) and nixtamalized maize (Zea mays) flour blends

Author:
Rodríguez-Miranda, J.; Ruiz-López, I.I.; Herman-Lara, E.; Martínez-Sánchez, C.E.; Delgado-Licon, E.; Vivar-Vera, M.A.
Source:
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [i.e. und] Technologie 2011 v.44 no.3 pp. 673-680
ISSN:
0023-6438
Subject:
Colocasia esculenta; Zea mays; absorption; color; consumer acceptance; corn; corn flour; extrusion; hardness; nixtamalization; proximate composition; resistant starch; sensory evaluation; snacks; taro; temperature; water activity; water solubility
Abstract:
... Extruded snacks were prepared from flour blends made with taro and nixtamalized (TF–NMF) or non-nixtamalized maize (TF–MF) using a single-screw extruder. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of taro flour proportion in formulations (0–100 g/100 g) and extrusion temperatures (140–180 °C) on the following indices: expansion (EI), water solubility (WSI), water absorption (WA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lwt.2010.06.036

33. Genetic Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Endosperm Vitreousness and Related Hardness Traits in the Intermated B73 × Mo17 Recombinant Inbred Line Population

Author:
Gustafson, T. J.; Leon, N. de
Source:
Crop science 2010 v.50 no.6 pp. 2318-2327
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; dent corn; endosperm; hardness; inbred lines; genotype; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; food composition; starch; lysine; essential amino acids; near-infrared spectroscopy; spectral analysis; quantitative trait loci; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Variation for maize (Zea mays L.) kernel vitreousness is of interest in the improvement of maize for human and ruminant nutrition based on its connection with starch degradability in the rumen as well as the concentration of lysine and other essential amino acids. In this trial, 199 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the intermated B73 and Mo17 (IBM) population and 133 testcrosses of the IBM RIL ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2009.12.0726

34. The Temporal Dynamics of Kernel Set in Tropical Sweet Maize Determined by Visual Markers

Author:
Rupitak, Quanjai; Stamp, Peter; Jampatong, Sansern; Chowchong, Surapol; Messmer, Rainer
Source:
Crop science 2010 v.50 no.6 pp. 2499-2505
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; sweetcorn; tropics; seed set; temporal variation; flowering; phenology; pollen; nondestructive methods; recessive genes; dominance (genetics); pollination; hardness; genetic variation
Abstract:
... The initiation of kernels along the maize ear depends on the temporal dynamics of silk emergence and pollen shedding. We conducted a nondestructive examination of the dynamics of silk emergence of tropical sweet maize (Zea mays L.); flint-type grains were the visual markers. The silks were pollinated on consecutive days with pollen of sweet maize (recessive allele) on 6 d and with pollen of flint- ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0196

35. Determination of maize kernel hardness: comparison of different laboratory tests to predict dry-milling performance

Author:
Blandino, Massimo; Mancini, Mattia Ciro; Peila, Alessandro; Rolle, Luca; Vanara, Francesca; Reyneri, Amedeo
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2010 v.90 no.11 pp. 1870-1878
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
dry milling; hardness; milling quality; food composition; analytical methods; hybrids; food analysis; amylopectin; yields; shape; grits (particle size); weight; cultivars; Zea mays; food processing quality; corn starch; amylose; energy use and consumption; corn; prediction; lipid content; testing; food processing; endosperm; ash content; protein content; dimensions; Italy
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Numerous foods are produced from maize, and grain hardness has been described to have an impact on grain end-use value, and in particular for dry-milling performance.RESULTS: Thirty-three samples of commercial hybrids have been analysed for test weight (TW), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), hard:soft endosperm ratio (H/S), milling time (MT) and total milling energy (TME) through the Stenv ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.4027
PubMed:
20602514

36. Technical note: Determination of corn hardness in diverse corn germplasm using near-infrared reflectance baseline shift as a measure of grinding resistance

Author:
Hoffman, P.C.; Ngonyamo-Majee, D.; Shaver, R.D.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2010 v.93 no.4 pp. 1685-1689
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
germplasm; Zea mays; hardness; corn; near-infrared spectroscopy; forage quality; forage evaluation; grinding; measurement
Abstract:
... Vitreousness and Stenvert kernel hardness characteristics in corn germplasm have been related to in situ and in vivo starch digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Because of the tedious nature of determining vitreousness by manual dissection or conducting Stenvert hardness measurements, it is challenging to screen corn germplasm for animal performance potential. The resistance of corn to grinding ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2009-2652
PubMed:
20338446

37. Factors Affecting the Alkaline Cooking Performance of Selected Corn and Sorghum Hybrids

Author:
Johnson, Weston B.; Ratnayake, Wajira S.; Jackson, David S.; Lee, Kyung-Min; Herrman, Timothy J.; Bean, Scott R.; Mason, Stephen C.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 2010 v.87 no.6 pp. 524-531
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; cooking; crystal structure; dent corn; equations; hardness; hulling; hybrids; nixtamalization; pasting properties; pericarp; prolamins; protein content; seeds; starch; water content
Abstract:
... Dent corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) sample sets representative of commonly grown hybrids and diverse physical attributes were analyzed for alkaline cooking performance. The influence of kernel characteristics including hardness, density, starch properties (thermal, pasting, and crystallinity), starch content, protein content, and prolamin content on alkaline cooking per ...
DOI:
10.1094/CCHEM-06-10-0087

38. Seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields

Author:
Zhang, Jinrui; Martin, John M.; Beecher, Brian; Morris, Craig F.; Curtis Hannah, L.; Giroux, Michael J.
Source:
Plant biotechnology journal 2009 v.7 no.8 pp. 733-743
ISSN:
1467-7644
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; adhesion; dent corn; gamma-zein; genes; growing season; hardness; hybrids; lipids; livestock feeds; loci; seed maturation; seeds; starch granules; texture; transgenic plants; wet milling; wheat
Abstract:
... The texture of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds is important to seed processing properties, and soft dent maize is preferred for both wet-milling and livestock feed applications. The puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb) are the functional components of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Hardness locus and together function to create soft grain texture in wheat. The PINs (PINA and PINB) are believed to act by ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00438.x
PubMed:
19702647

39. Hardness Methods for Testing Maize Kernels

Author:
Fox, Glen; Manley, Marena
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2009 v.57 no.13 pp. 5647-5657
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
hardness; food composition; measurement; heritability; calibration; food quality; near-infrared spectroscopy; sieving; genotype; Zea mays; corn starch; corn; grinding; accuracy; measuring devices; particle size; food processing; environmental factors; genetic variation; protein content
Abstract:
... Maize is a highly important crop to many countries around the world, through the sale of the maize crop to domestic processors and subsequent production of maize products and also provides a staple food to subsistance farms in undeveloped countries. In many countries, there have been long-term research efforts to develop a suitable hardness method that could assist the maize industry in improving ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf900623w
PubMed:
19496585

40. Phenotypic Characterization of Quality Protein Maize Endosperm Modification and Amino Acid Contents in a Segregating Recombinant Inbred Population

Author:
Gutierrez-Rojas, Andres; Scott, M. Paul; Leyva, Otto R.; Menz, Monica; Betrán, Javier
Source:
Crop science 2008 v.48 no.5 pp. 1714
ISSN:
1435-0653
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; food composition; nutritive value; alleles; recessive genes; homozygosity; lysine; tryptophan; grain yield; crop quality; texture; hardness; endosperm; germplasm; inbred lines; clarity; heritability; essential amino acids; methionine; genetic correlation; Texas
Abstract:
... The protein quality of maize (L.) can be improved by replacing normal alleles with nonfunctional recessive alleles (). Homozygous kernels have increased levels of lysine and tryptophan. Unfortunately, the associated soft texture of the kernels causes poor yield and susceptibility to diseases and insects. Breeding has resulted in the development of genotypes with improved endosperm hardness; such g ...
Handle:
10113/21156
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0429

41. Relationship between structural and biochemical characteristics and texture of corn grains

Author:
Pereira, R.C.; Davide, L.C.; Pedrozo, C.A.; Carneiro, N.P.; Souza, I.R.P.; Paiva, E.
Source:
Genetics and molecular research 2008 v.7 no.2 pp. 498-508
ISSN:
1676-5680
Subject:
cultivars; Zea mays; starch granules; hardness; corn; endosperm; zein; phenotypic variation
PubMed:
18561383

42. Wheat flour protein content and water absorption analysis in a doubled haploid population

Author:
Ma, W.; Sutherland, M.W.; Kammholz, S.; Banks, P.; Brennan, P.; Bovill, W.; Daggard, G.
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2007 v.45 no.3 pp. 302-308
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; Zea mays; corn; doubled haploids; wheat flour; protein content; absorption; water; water content; gene segregation; loci; phenotype; linkage (genetics); chromosome mapping; quantitative trait loci; field experimentation; hardness; genetic variance; Queensland
Abstract:
... A wheat x maize induced doubled haploid population that segregates at the Awned locus for awned and awnless phenotypes were studied at two field sites using a genetic linkage map. Interval QTL analysis indicated that significant QTLs for wheat flour water absorption and protein content were located on a linkage group associated with the morphological marker, awns. The QTL peak for flour water abso ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2006.10.005

43. The effect of hybrid and growing environment on the rheological properties of starch and flour from maize (Zea mays L.) grain dried at four temperatures

Author:
Hardacre, Allan Keith; Clark, Suzanne Margaret
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2006 v.41 no.s2 pp. 144-150
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
water content; corn; corn starch; corn flour; milling; temperature; Zea mays; cultivars; hybrids; grain crops; rheological properties; drought; water stress; drying; gels; hardness
Abstract:
... Grain from three maize hybrids was harvested from crops grown at a mildly drought-stressed site and at a non-stressed site. Samples were dried to 14% moisture at temperatures of 25, 58, 80 and 100 °C before being milled to flour or starch extracted. Significant differences in the rheological properties of the flour milled from the grain samples were evident for all of the treatments. Differences i ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01471.x

44. Kernel Microstructure of Latin American Races of Maize and Their Thermal and Rheological Properties

Author:
Narvaez-Gonzalez, E.D.; Figueroa-Cardenas, J. de D.; Taba, S.; Rincon Sanchez, F.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 2006 v.83 no.6 pp. 605-610
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
microstructure; cultivars; Zea mays; starch granules; hardness; corn; corn flour; rheological properties; genotype; endosperm; temperature; density; gelatinization; thermal properties; Latin America
Abstract:
... Seventy-one races of maize representing races from Latin America were analyzed for microstructural features such as the degree of compaction of the endosperm cell bodies, starch granule size and morphology, and hard-soft endosperm relationship. Flours were analyzed using rapid visco analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Compaction grade was the most important microstructural feature of t ...
DOI:
10.1094/CC-83-0605

45. Relationships Between the Microstructure, Physical Features, and Chemical Composition of Different Maize Accessions from Latin America

Author:
Narvaez-Gonzalez, E.D.; Figueroa-Cardenas, J. de D.; Taba, S.; Castano Tostado, E.; Martinez Peniche, R.A.; Rincon Sanchez, F.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 2006 v.83 no.6 pp. 595-604
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
microstructure; cultivars; Zea mays; weight; starch granules; pericarp; amylose; thickness; hardness; corn; lipid composition; endosperm; water content; food composition; genetic variation; protein composition; Latin America
Abstract:
... Chemical composition (moisture, total lipids, protein, and apparent amylose) and some physical features (1,000 kernel weight, hardness, and anatomical composition) were determined in 71 accessions representing races of maize from Latin America. Their microstructural characteristics (size and compaction of endosperm cell bodies, pericarp thickness, horny-floury endosperm ratio, and morphology and s ...
DOI:
10.1094/CC-83-0595

46. Increasing Kernel Density for Two Inbred Lines of Maize

Author:
Thompson, Donald L.; Goodman, Major M.
Source:
Crop science 2006 v.46 no.5 pp. 2179-2182
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
backcrossing; Zea mays; crop quality; plant breeding; hardness; corn; endosperm; inbred lines; specific gravity; density; selfing; selection criteria; artificial selection
Abstract:
... Improving grain quality of maize (Zea mays L.), including endosperm hardness and density, is often a breeding objective. Dense seed is preferred by dry millers and for alkaline processing, and can command a price premium at market. This study attempted to increase kernel density in a backcrossing program for two inbreds of maize using two selection techniques, specific gravity of kernels and the p ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0111

47. Grain quality of Brazilian maize genotypes as influenced by nitrogen level

Author:
Duarte, A.P.; Mason, S.C.; Jackson, D.S.; Kiehl, J. de C.
Source:
Crop science 2005 v.45 no.5 pp. 1958-1964
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; grain crops; nitrogen; nutrient availability; seed quality; application rate; fertilizer application; nutrition-genotype interaction; cultivars; genotype; hardness; strength (mechanics); nitrogen content; grain yield; lipid content; milling quality; Brazil
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in Brazil, and concerns about grain quality are increasingly important with increasing exports and use of grain for specific end-uses. A wide range of genotypes are grown and N application is required to produce high yields. The objectives of these studies were to: (i) determine N application effects on the kernel hardness and breakage susceptibility of a w ...

48. Grain Quality of Brazilian Maize Genotypes as Influenced by Nitrogen Level

Author:
Duarte, Aildson P.; Mason, Stephen C.; Jackson, David S.; de C. Kiehl, Jorge
Source:
Crop science 2005 v.45 no.5 pp. 1958-1964
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; dry milling; fertilizer rates; genotype; grain quality; grain yield; hardness; hybrids; nitrogen; nitrogen content; oils; seeds; water content; Brazil
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in Brazil, and concerns about grain quality are increasingly important with increasing exports and use of grain for specific end-uses. A wide range of genotypes are grown and N application is required to produce high yields. The objectives of these studies were to: (i) determine N application effects on the kernel hardness and breakage susceptibility of a w ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2004.0587

49. Two-generation marker-aided backcrossing for rapid conversion of normal maize lines to quality protein maize (QPM)

Author:
Babu, R.; Nair, S.K.; Kumar, A.; Venkatesh, S.; Sekhar, J.C.; Singh, N.N.; Srinvasan, G.; Gupta, H.S.
Source:
Theoretical and applied genetics 2005 v.111 no.5 pp. 888-897
ISSN:
0040-5752
Subject:
backcrossing; Zea mays; plant breeding; microsatellite repeats; protein composition; hardness; corn; tryptophan; genetic markers; genes; inbred lines; chromosome mapping; endosperm; artificial selection
Abstract:
... The low nutritive value of maize endosperm protein is genetically corrected in quality protein maize (QPM), which contains the opaque2 gene along with numerous modifiers for kernel hardness. We report here a two generation marker-based backcross breeding program for incorporation of the opaque2 gene along with phenotypic selection for kernel modification in the background of an early maturing norm ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00122-005-0011-6
PubMed:
16034586

50. Instrumental and sensory textural properties of fura made from different cereal grains

Author:
Jideani, V.A.; Danladi, I.M.
Source:
International journal of food properties 2005 v.8 no.1 pp. 49-59
ISSN:
1094-2912
Subject:
rice flour; millets; corn flour; Sorghum bicolor; food grains; cooked foods; sensory evaluation; texture; hardness; shear stress; mastication; traditional foods; Digitaria exilis; Pennisetum glaucum; Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Nigeria
DOI:
10.1081/JFP-200048095

51. The role of pericarp cell wall components in maize weevil resistance

Author:
Garcia-Lara, S.; Bergvinson, D.J.; Burt, A.J.; Ramputh, A.I.; Diaz-Pontones, D.M.; Arnason, J.T.
Source:
Crop science 2004 v.44 no.5 pp. 1546-1552
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
chemical composition; Zea mays; Sitophilus zeamais; grain crops; pericarp; hardness; host plants; phenolic acids; corn; storage insects; cell wall components; pest resistance; Mexico
Abstract:
... The maize weevil (MW), Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), is a storage pest that causes serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the role of pericarp cell wall components as factors that contribute to MW resistance in nine genotypes of tropical maize. Six susceptibility parameters to MW were measured and related to cell wall components such ...

52. The Role of Pericarp Cell Wall Components in Maize Weevil Resistance

Author:
García-Lara, Silverio; Bergvinson, David J.; Burt, Andrew J.; Ramputh, Al I.; Díaz-Pontones, David M.; Arnason, John T.
Source:
Crop science 2004 v.44 no.5 pp. 1546-1552
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays; cell wall components; cell walls; corn; crosslinking; developing countries; genotype; glycoproteins; hardness; isomers; p-coumaric acid; pericarp; regression analysis; seeds; storage pests
Abstract:
... The maize weevil (MW), Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), is a storage pest that causes serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the role of pericarp cell wall components as factors that contribute to MW resistance in nine genotypes of tropical maize. Six susceptibility parameters to MW were measured and related to cell wall components such ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci2004.1546

53. Modification of cereal grain hardness via expression of puroindoline protein

Author:
Morris, C.F.; Giroux, M.J.
Source:
United States Department of Agriculture patents 2003 no.US 6,596,930 B1
Subject:
plant proteins; transgenes; genetic recombination; gene expression; genetic transformation; genetic vectors; grains; hardness; Triticum aestivum; wheat; food crops; transgenic plants; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides; Sorghum bicolor; Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; Avena sativa; USDA; patents; United States
Abstract:
... This invention provides expression cassettes and vectors comprising a recombinant nucleic acid which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a functional puroindoline B. This invention further provides such cassettes and vectors wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding a functional puroindoline B is operably linked to a promoter. The invention also provides methods of producing plants with so ...
Handle:
10113/7551

54. Effects of maize grain size, shape and hardness on drying rate and the occurrence of stress cracks

Author:
Kim, Tae Hoon; Hampton, John G.; Opara, Linus U.; Hardacre, Allan K.; Mackay, Bruce R.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2002 v.82 no.10 pp. 1232-1239
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
Zea mays; bulk density; dent corn; drying; drying quality; hardness
Abstract:
... The effects of maize (Zea mays L) grain hardness, morphological factors (grain size and shape), drying rate and the development of stress cracking over time were investigated for four hybrids (Hmv565 − 3 × E1386, CF06, CF05 and Furio). The re-parametrised Morgan–Mercer–Flodin (MMF) model successfully predicted the rate (κ) and maximum value (α) of percentage checked stress cracking (checking) in v ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.1166

55. Physicochemical properties of maize starches expressing dull and sugary-2 mutants in different genetic backgrounds

Author:
Li, J.; Corke, H.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1999 v.47 no.12 pp. 4939-4943
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
hardness; gels; genes; texture; viscosity; isogenic lines; Zea mays; food processing quality; corn starch; inbred lines; adhesion; pasting properties; enzyme activity; thermal properties; in vitro digestibility; physicochemical properties; mutants; alpha-amylase; gelatinization; gelation
Abstract:
... Isogenic lines carrying the du or su(2) genes in five different maize inbred lines were developed, and the effect of the starch-modifying genes on general, thermal, pasting, and gel textural properties of starch was studied. Swelling power of du and su(2) starches was significantly lower than that of normal starch. The peak viscosity of du starches was reduced, peaks were sharper, and the setback ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf990238a
PubMed:
10606555

56. Responses to Selection for Endosperm Hardness and Associated Changes in Agronomic Traits after Four Cycles of Recurrent Selection in Maize

Author:
Cavanaugh, K. J.; Zehr, B. E.; Nyquist, W. E.; Hamaker, B. R.; Crane, P. L.
Source:
Crop science 1995 v.35 no.3 pp. 745-748
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; crop quality; hardness; genetic improvement; genetic correlation; recurrent selection; agronomic traits; crop yield; endosperm; grains
Abstract:
... Increased endosperm hardness of grain in maize (Zea mays L.) is desirable for dry milling, storage, and expert purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate changes in endosperm hardness resulting from four cycles of visual recurrent selection for increased hardness in two dent corn synthetics representative of U.S. Corn Belt germplasm, and to determine associated responses in other agronomic tra ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500030018x

57. Phenotypic Recurrent Selection for Increased Endosperm Hardness in Two High-Lysine Maize Synthetics

Author:
Lambert, R. J.; Chung, Ling-chen
Source:
Crop science 1995 v.35 no.2 pp. 451-456
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; correlated responses; lysine; crop quality; synthetic populations; hybrids; hardness; plant characteristics; recurrent selection; height; seed oils; crop yield; endosperm; starch; grains; chemical constituents of plants; protein content; Illinois
Abstract:
... The agronomic problems associated with high lysine opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) could be eliminated with the development of opaque-2 genotypes with harder endosperm texture. Two opaque-2 maize synthetics Illinois Disease Oil Opaque-2 and Illinois Elite Single Cross Opaque-2 were selected for increased endosperm modification or kernel hardness. Phenotypic recurrent selection was used to select for ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500020029x

58. Relation of kernel hardness and lysine to alcohol-soluble protein composition in quality protein maize hybrids

Author:
Paulis, J.W.; Peplinski, A.J.; Bietz, J.A.; Nelsen, T.C.; Bergquist, R.R.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1993 v.41 no.12 pp. 2249-2253
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Zea mays; lysine; seeds; hardness; prolamins; corn; crossing; milling quality; density; cytoplasmic inheritance; protein composition
Abstract:
... High-lysine opaque-2 (o2) maize is floury, but quality protein maize (QPM) o2 hybrids have harder endosperm. We related kernel density, vitreosity, weight, grinding time, and lysine content to protein compositions in o2 X QPM crosses. Density distributions of Mo17 o2 X Pool 29 QPM and B73 o2 X Population 61 QPM differed from F2 to F3 and with direction of cross. Kernels with paternal QPM (one dose ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf00036a005

59. Agronomic Practices that Affect Corn Kernel Characteristics

Author:
Ahmadi, M.; Wiebold, W. J.; Beuerlein, J. E.; Eckert, D. J.; Schoper, J.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1993 v.85 no.3 pp. 615-619
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; plant density; crop yield; seeds; nitrogen content; hardness; seed quality; sowing date; grains; Ohio
Abstract:
... Agronomic practices affect corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and may affect physical and chemical characteristics of corn kernels. These characteristics affect feed, food, and industrial uses of corn grain. Four field experiments consisting of planting date and population combinations were conducted to determine the effect of these agronomic practices on grain yield, kernel N concentration, and kerne ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030018x

60. Heterosis and Combining Ability of CIMMYT's Quality Protein Maize Germplasm: II. Subtropical

Author:
Vasal, Surinder K.; Srinivasan, Ganesan; González C., F.; Beck, David L.; Crossa, José
Source:
Crop science 1993 v.33 no.1 pp. 51-57
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
crossing; protein composition; Zea mays; germplasm; heterosis; crop yield; endosperm; hardness; subtropics; grains; Mexico
Abstract:
... Information on the combining ability and heterotic patterns of CIMMYT's maize (Zea mays L.) germ plasm is of great value to maize breeders worldwide, for hybrid development. The objective of this study was to determine the heterosis and combining ability of CIMMYT's subtropical quality protein maize (QPM) germplasm, and to identify suitable germplasm for hybrid development. Six QPM gene pools and ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300010007x

61. Corn Grain Density Characterized by Two Specific Gravity Techniques

Author:
Bergquist, Richard R.; Thompson, Donald L.
Source:
Crop science 1992 v.32 no.5 pp. 1287-1290
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; seed quality; density; measurement; specific gravity; prediction; hardness; seeds; food processing quality; grains
Abstract:
... Grain quality of corn (Zea mays L.) is an important breeding consideration, hindered by the limitations of visual selection. This exploratory laboratory study sought to develop preliminary information on two simple techniques for estimating kernel density, which is assumed to relate to grain hardness. The two are the floater technique (percentage of floating kernels in a salt solution) and the con ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200050045x

62. Planting Date and Moisture Effects on Yield, Quality, and Alkaline-Processing Characteristics of Food-Grade Maize

Author:
Shumway, Calvin R.; Cothren, J. Tom; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio O.; Rooney, Lloyd W.
Source:
Crop science 1992 v.32 no.5 pp. 1265-1269
ISSN:
0011-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; hybrids; seeds; protein content; food processing quality; alkali treatment; dry environmental conditions; irrigated conditions; hardness; sowing date; crop yield; seed quality; grains; density; Texas
Abstract:
... Grain quality specifications for maize (Zea mays L.) have been established for several processing industries. Our objective was to investigate the effects of planting date and moisture level on grain yield, physical grain quality, and alkaline-processing characteristics of food-grade maize. Field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1989 at the Texas A&M University Farm, Burleson County, Texas. ...
DOI:
10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200050040x

63. Corn hardness as related to yield and particle size of fractions from a micro hammer-cutter mill

Author:
Wu, Y.V.
Source:
Cereal chemistry 1992 v.69 no.3 pp. 343
ISSN:
0009-0352
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; seeds; hardness; milling quality; genetic variation; particle size; yields; fractionation; genotype
Abstract:
... Hardness of corn grain can be measured by the percentage yield of large flaking grits from dry milling. Fourteen corn genotypes ranging from soft to very hard were ground in a micro hammer-cutter mill fitted with a 2-mm or 6-mm screen. The ground corn was sieved into seven fractions. Predicted dry-milling grits yield (hardness) from an earlier article was positively, significantly correlated with ...
Handle:
10113/24467

64. Traditional Food-Processing Technology and High-Protein Food Production

Author:
Mensah, E. O.; Sefa-Dedeh, S.
ISSN:
0379-5721
Subject:
Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; cassava; color; corn; cowpeas; flavor; flour; food production; hardness; high protein foods; particle size; roasting; water uptake
Abstract:
... Studies were undertaken on a high-protein gari-like dry product, developed previously, prepared from corn (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) flours and dried by the technique traditionally used for roasting gari, a commonly eaten food made from cassava. The product's water absorption and swelling characteristics were lower than those of gari; but its particle size, crispness, colour, and fl ...
DOI:
10.1177/156482659101300132

65. Effects of Harvest Date, Plant Density, and Hybrid on Corn Grain Quality

Author:
Cloninger, F. D.; Horrocks, R. D.; Zuber, M. S.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1975 v.67 no.5 pp. 693-695
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; environmental factors; grain quality; growers; growing season; hardness; harvest date; lipid content; lodging; models; oils; plant density; planting density; protein content; seasonal variation; seeds
Abstract:
... Corn (Zea mays L.) growers often question the effect of delayed fall harvest on grain quality. Various studies have reported the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the quality of grain, but few have reported on date of harvest. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of harvest date, as well as planting density, hybrid, year, and their interactions on the qu ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700050028x

66. Selection of high-lysine corns with varied kernel characteristics and compositions by a rapid turbidimetric assay for zein

Author:
Paulis, J.W.; Wall, J.S.; Kwolek, W.F.; Donaldson, G.L.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1974 v.22 no.2 pp. 318-323
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
corn meal; estimation; Zea mays; lysine; hardness; turbidity; corn; endosperm; genotype; amino acid composition; zein; protein content; analytical methods
DOI:
10.1021/jf60192a001
PubMed:
4840582

67. Effect of Planting Date on High-Amylose Corn (Zea mays L.)

Author:
Helm, J. L.; Fergason, V. L.; Zuber, M. S.
Source:
Agronomy journal 1968 v.60 no.5 pp. 530-531
ISSN:
0002-1962
Subject:
Zea mays; agronomic traits; amylose; ash content; corn; corn ears; endosperm; growing season; hardness; heat sums; hybrids; nitrogen content; planting date; Missouri
Abstract:
... Four high-amylose single cross hybrids were planted near Columbia, Missouri, for the 4-year period 1962 through 1965 on the following dates: April 20th, May 10th, June 1st, and June 20th. Amylose content of the endosperm and number of degree days during the growing season were inversely correlated with later plantings having higher amylose contents. However, later planted corn had a lower yield, t ...
DOI:
10.2134/agronj1968.00021962006000050025x