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1. Fluorescence Characteristics of Modified Wool

Author:
G. M. Bhatnagar; L. C. Gruen
Source:
Textile research journal v.39 no.10 pp. 938-942
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
acylation; alcohols; alkylation; disulfide bonds; esterification; fabrics; fluorescence; temperature; textile fibers; wool
Abstract:
... The reduction of disulfide bonds in wool by tri-n-butylphosphine enhances the fluorescence. Subsequent S-alkylation also affects the fluorescence intensity and charge in the neighborhood of the chromophoric group. In acylation of wool, short-chain and bifunctional acylating agents exert a greater quenching effect on the fluorescence than do long-chain acylating agents. Esterification of wool is ac ...
DOI:
10.1177/004051756903901006

2. Autoacylation of soy proteins

Author:
Nishimura, T.; Utsumi, S.; Kito, M.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1989 v.37 no.5 pp. 1266-1270
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
soy protein; glycinin; acetylation; coenzymes; palmitoleic acid
DOI:
10.1021/jf00089a014

3. Functional and nutritional properties of acylated rapeseed proteins

Author:
Ponnampalam, R.; Delisle, J.; Gagne, Y.; Amiot, J.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1990 v.67 no.8 pp. 531-536
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
nutritive value; physicochemical properties; flour; rapeseed protein concentrate; acetylation; rapeseed protein; chemical treatment; rapeseed; Canada
DOI:
10.1007/BF02540761

4. Properties of the glycerol acylating enzymes in microsomal preparations from the developing seeds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and turnip rape (Brassica campestris) and their ability to assemble cocoa-butter type fats

Author:
Bafor, M.; Stobart, A.K.; Stymne, S.
Source:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1990 v.67 no.4 pp. 217-225
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
fatty acids; Carthamus tinctorius; biosynthesis; seeds; triacylglycerols; microsomes; acylation; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; acyltransferases
DOI:
10.1007/BF02540647

5. Improvement of functional properties of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. toria) preparations by chemical modification

Author:
Dua, S.; Mahajan, A.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1996 v.44 no.3 pp. 706-710
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma; rapeseed meal; chemical treatment; succinic acid; acetic acid; foaming; emulsifying; antinutritional factors; acylation
Abstract:
... Rapeseed freeze-dried meal and water-soluble fraction were acylated with succinic and acetic anhydride and methylated with formaldehyde at different concentrations of these reagents, and changes in physic acid, phenols, glucosinolate content, and functional properties were determined. In general, the greater was the extent of acetylation, the lesser was the extractability of phytic acid, phenols, ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf950289h

6. Stability of anthocyanins of Sambucus canadensis and Sambucus nigra

Author:
Inami, O.; Tamura, I.; Kikuzaki, H.; Nakatani, N.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1996 v.44 no.10 pp. 3090-3096
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Sambucus canadensis; Sambucus nigra; acylation; anthocyanins; beverages; cyanidin; elderberries; heat; irradiation; photostability
Abstract:
... Elderberry anthocyanins (Sambucus nigra) including acylated derivatives (Sambucus canadensis) were studied for use as beverage pigments. Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-E-p-coumaroyl-2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl) beta-D-glucopyranoside-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside from S. canadensis was more stable than cyanidin 3-sambubioside from S. nigra. Acylation improved both heat and light stability, whereas glycosidation only ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf9507809

7. Synthesis of phenyl 6'-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Facile preparation of malonylated glycoconjugates

Author:
Roscher, R.; Steffen, J.P.; Herderich, M.; Schwab, W.; Schreier, P.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1996 v.44 no.7 pp. 1626-1629
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
synthesis; acylation; spectral analysis; malonic acid; separation; glycosides; chemical structure
Abstract:
... Regioselective acylation of glycoconjugates with malonic acid was achieved by using phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as a model glycoside, malonic acid, and tert-butyl isocyanide in aprotic solvents. Structural elucidation of phenyl 6'-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside was performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tande ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf950827q

8. Synthesis of sn-1,2-diacylglycerols by monoacylglycerol acyltransferase from Manduca sexta fat body

Author:
Arrese, E.L.; Rojas-Rivas, B.I.; Wells, M.A.
Source:
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 1996 v.31 no.3 pp. 325-335
ISSN:
0739-4462
Subject:
biosynthesis; Manduca sexta; diacylglycerols; monoacylglycerols; fat body; microsomes; hormonal regulation; acylation; lipid metabolism; enzyme activity; acyltransferases
Abstract:
... The pathway for the synthesis of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol stimulated by the action of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) in the insect fat body is unknown. Previous results from this laboratory suggested that the hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerol to sn-2-monoacylglycerol followed by the stereospecific acylation of sn-2-monoacylglycerol catalyzed by a monoacylglycerol-acyltransferase (MGAT) could be the ma ...
DOI:
10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)31:3<325::AID-ARCH7>3.0.CO;2-W
PubMed:
8742828

9. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants

Author:
Valivety, Rao; Jauregi, Paula; Gill, Iqbal; Vulfson, Evgeny
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.7 pp. 879-886
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
acylation; amides; amino acid derivatives; amino acids; copper; esters; free amino acids; glycerol; myristic acid; surfactants
Abstract:
... The application of lipases to the synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants was investigated. Low yields (2-9%) were obtained in the acylation of free amino acids, such as l-serine and l-lysine, as well as their ethyl esters and amides with fatty acids, owing in part to low miscibility of the reactants. When the N-carbobenzyloxy (Cbz)-l-amino acids were used in an effort to improve miscibility of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0232-8

10. Chemoenzymatic approaches to SCH 56592, a new azole antifungal

Author:
Morgan, Brian; Stockwell, Brent R.; Dodds, David R.; Andrews, David R.; Sudhakar, Anantha R.; Nielsen, Christopher M.; Mergelsberg, Ingrid; Zumbach, Arne
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.11 pp. 1361-1370
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
Candida rugosa; Rhizomucor miehei; acylation; hydrolysis
Abstract:
... Chemoenzymatic approaches to the synthesis of two key chiral-precursors of a new azole antifungal agent, SCH 56592, are described. In particular, the enzymatic diastereoselective acylation of 2-benzyloxy-3-pentanol (7) was developed to produce (2S;3R)-7 in >97% diastereomeric excess (de) from otherwise unusable mixtures of (2S,3R)/(2S,3S)-7 (40-80% de). The selectivity and reactivity of commercial ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0238-2

11. Increased hepatic β-oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid, elongation of eicosapentaenoic acid, and acylation of lysophosphatidate in rats fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched diet

Author:
Ayako Kanazawa; Yuri Shirota; Kenshiro Fujimoto
Source:
Lipids 1997 v.32 no.7 pp. 737-744
ISSN:
0024-4201
Subject:
acylation; beta oxidation; corn oil; dephosphorylation; diet; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; liver; rats; soybean oil
Abstract:
... Rats were fed a diet supplemented with corn oil (n-3 deficient), soy oil, or a mixture containing 8% 22∶6n-3 ethyl ester for 6 wk. The hepatic capacities for the β-oxidation and synthesis of 22∶6n-3, in addition to the acylation of lysophosphatidate, were tested in vitro. In rats that were fed a 22∶6n-3-enriched diet, both the β-oxidation of 22∶6n-3 and elongation of 20∶5n-3 were enhanced compared ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11745-997-0094-0

12. Structural analysis of wheat straw lignin by quantative 31P and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The occurrence of ester bonds and alpha-O-4 substructures

Author:
Crestini, C.; Argyropoulos, D.S.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.4 pp. 1212-1219
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
acylation; alkaline hydrolysis; esterification; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; lignin; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; p-coumaric acid; wheat straw
Abstract:
... By combining mild alkaline hydrolysis with quantitative 31P NMR we have been able to arrive at a protocol for determining the various ester linkages and their relative contributions to the overall structure of wheat straw lignin. Additional information on the identity and location of these bonds was sought by the application of GC/MS and two-dimensional 13C-1H heterocorrelation NMR experiments. Mi ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf960568k

13. Biochemical Synthesis of Several Chiral Insecticide Intermediates and Mechanisms of Action of Relevant Enzymes

Author:
Hideo HIROHARA; Masako NISHIZAWA
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 1998 v.62 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
Arthrobacter globiformis; Burkholderia cepacia; Lewis bases; active sites; acylation; alcohols; biotechnology; carboxylic ester hydrolases; insecticides; mechanism of action; moieties; reaction kinetics; site-directed mutagenesis; stereoisomers; stereoselectivity; stereospecificity
Abstract:
... Efficient biochemical processes were developed for the synthesis of several chiral alcohol and acid intermediates of insecticides by a combination of strictly stereoselective hydrolytic enzyme-catalyzed reactions and subsequent chemical transformations with inversion or racemization of the chiral center of the undesired antipodes. The whole amounts of starting racemic mixtures are converted to des ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.62.1

14. Biogenesis of the Escherichia coli haemolysin toxin

Author:
Koronakis
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 1998 v.84 no.S1 pp. 151S
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Escherichia coli; acylation; adenosine triphosphate; biogenesis; hydrolysis; image analysis; lipid bilayers; lysine; microbiology; operon; polypeptides; secretion; transcription (genetics); transport proteins
Abstract:
... The synthesis, maturation and export of haemolysin by Escherichia coli are each remarkable mechanisms. Transcription of the hlyCABD operon is dependent upon a short 5′operon polarity suppressor (ops) element and the NusG‐related RfaH protein, which in‐vitro transcription studies show act together to determine a novel regulatory mechanism that suppresses transcription polarity. Other in‐vit ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.0840s1151S.x

15. The DFRC method for lignin analysis. 6. A simple modification for identifying natural acetates on lignins

Author:
Ralph, J.; Lu, F.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1998 v.46 no.11 pp. 4616-4619
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
acetates; kenaf; cell walls; chemical analysis; acetylation; Populus; lignin
Abstract:
... By modifying the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) procedure to be completely acetate-free, the presence and regiochemistry of natural acetates on lignins can be determined. Derivatization is conducted with propionyl bromide in propionic acid instead of acetyl bromide in acetic acid; reductive cleavage uses zinc in propionic acid instead of in acetic acid, and the final derivati ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf980680d

16. Effect of fatty acid positional distribution and triacylglycerol composition on lipid by-products formation during heat treatment: I. polymer formation

Author:
Martin, J. C.; Dobarganes, M. C.; Nour, M.; Marquez-Ruiz, G.; Christie, W. W.; Lavillonnière, F.; Sébédio, J.L
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1998 v.75 no.12 pp. 1065-1071
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
acylation; byproducts; canola; canola oil; heat treatment; high performance liquid chromatography; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; lipid composition; models; palmitic acid; polymerization; triacylglycerols; tripalmitin
Abstract:
... Effects of the fatty acid positional distribution and of the triacylglycerol (TG) composition on polymerization of TG during heat treatment were studied. Diacid TG molecules, acylated only with linoleic acid or linolenic acid along with palmitic acid, and positioned either in the central position (PLP and PLnP, respectively) or in one of the two outer positions (PPL and PPLn, respectively) were sy ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-998-0291-5

17. Facile synthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamyl p-coumarates

Author:
Lu, F.; Ralph, J.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1998 v.46 no.8 pp. 2911-2913
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
grasses; lignin; p-coumaric acid; acylation; yields; synthesis
Abstract:
... Coniferyl p-coumarate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) and sinapyl p-coumarate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) were synthesized in high overall yield. In this improved method acetate was used as the phenol protecting group instead of 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether; selective deacetylation, without cinnamate ester hydrolysis, was accomplished with neat pyrrolidine. ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf980440y

18. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan: An extraordinary lipoheteroglycan with profound physiological effects

Author:
Delphi Chatterjee; Kay-Hooi Khoo
Source:
Glycobiology 1998 v.8 no.2 pp. 113-120
ISSN:
1460-2423
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; acylation; arabinans; bioactive properties; biosynthesis; drugs; epitopes; human cell lines; immune response; leprosy; macrophages; major histocompatibility complex; mannose; physiological transport; transferases; tuberculosis
Abstract:
... Detailed structural and functional studies over the last decade have led to current recognition of the mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) as a phosphatidylinositol anchored lipoglycan with diverse biological activities. Fatty acylation has been demonstrated to be essential for LAM to maintain its functional integrity although the focus has largely been on the arabinan motifs and the terminal ca ...
DOI:
10.1093/glycob/8.2.113

19. Syntheses of Sphingomyelins and Ceramides Bearing a Docosahexaenoyl or Arachidonoyl Group

Author:
Eiji MORIGAKI; Miyako NAGAO; Yoshie MIURA; Kyoya TAKAHATA; Mikiro TADA; Shuhei NAKAJIMA; Naomichi BABA; Sakayu SHIMIZU
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 1998 v.62 no.10 pp. 2070-2072
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
acylation; biotechnology; ceramides; sphingomyelins; sphingosine
Abstract:
... Sphingomyelins and ceramides bearing a docosahexaenoyl or arachidonoyl group were synthesized from sphingosylphosphorylcholine and sphingosine, respectively, by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated acylation. ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.62.2070

20. Synthesis of praziquantel derivatives and theirin vitro activity against adultClonorchis sinensis

Author:
Choong Sup Kim; Duk Young Min
Source:
Archives of pharmacal research 1998 v.21 no.6 pp. 744
ISSN:
0253-6269
Subject:
Clonorchis sinensis; Pseudorasbora parva; acylation; adults; intermediate hosts; metacercariae; praziquantel; rabbits; rivers; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Several praziquantel derivatives have been prepared by the acylation of compound5, and examined on their biological activityin vitro against adultClonorchis sinensis collected from rabbits infected with metacercariae which was isolated fromPseudorasbora parva, a second intermediate host, captured in Nakdong river in Korea. ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02976769