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You searched for: Subject term aerosols Remove constraint Subject term: aerosols Subject term cellulose Remove constraint Subject term: cellulose
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1. A review of biomarker compounds as source indicators and tracers for air pollution

Author:
Bernd R. T. Simoneit
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 1999 v.6 no.3 pp. 159-169
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
aerosols; air pollution; airshed; atmospheric chemistry; biomarkers; biomass; biopolymers; burning; cellulose; chemical structure; combustion; conifers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; geochemistry; lipids; microorganisms; oils; organic matter; particulate emissions; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; solvents; soot; steam; temperature; tracer techniques; volatilization
Abstract:
... An overview of the application of organic geochemistry to the analysis of organic matter on aerosol particles is presented here. This organic matter is analyzed as solvent extractable bitumen/ lipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The organic geochemical approach assesses the origin, the environmental history and the nature of secondary products of organic matter by using the data derive ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02987621

2. Saccharification of cellulose by dry pyrolysis

Author:
Gu-Joong Kwon; Shigenori Kuga; Keko Hori; Mitsuyoshi Yatagai; Keisuke Ando; Nobuaki Hattori
Source:
Journal of wood science 2006 v.52 no.5 pp. 461-465
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
temperature; traps; lasers; nitrogen; aerosols; glass; cellulose; bottles; pyrolysis; heat treatment; drying; saccharification
Abstract:
... Pyrolysis of cellulose was studied for the purpose of practical production of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranoside (levoglucosan, LG). To minimize secondary degradation of levoglucosan, two methods were examined: (1) conductive heating by glass bottle, and (2) radiation heating from the surface by CO₂ laser beam, both under vacuum and in a nitrogen atmosphere. Glass-bottle pyrolysis under vacuum gave l ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-005-0784-x

3. Determination of water-soluble and insoluble (dilute-HCl-extractable) fractions of Cd, Pb and Cu in Antarctic aerosol by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry: distribution and summer seasonal evolution at Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land)

Author:
Annibaldi, A.; Truzzi, C.; Illuminati, S.; Bassotti, E.; Scarponi, G.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2007 v.387 no.3 pp. 977-998
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; cadmium; cellulose; copper; filters; lead; pollution; summer; Antarctic region
Abstract:
... Eight PM10 aerosol samples were collected in the vicinity of the “Mario Zucchelli” Italian Antarctic Station (formerly Terra Nova Bay Station) during the 2000-2001 austral summer using a high-volume sampler and precleaned cellulose filters. The aerosol mass was determined by differential weighing of filters carried out in a clean chemistry laboratory under controlled temperature and humidity. A tw ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-006-0994-0
PubMed:
17200845

4. Analysis of gross alpha, gross beta activities and beryllium-7 concentrations in surface air: their variations and statistical prediction model

Author:
Arkian, Foroozan; Salahinejad, Maryam; Bidokhti, Ali Akbar; Meshkatee, Amir
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.140 no.1-3 pp. 325-330
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
aerosols; air; air filters; cellulose; counters; glass; meteorological data; samplers; semiconductors; spectrometers; statistical models
Abstract:
... Measurement of gross α, gross β activities and cosmogenic beryllium-7 (⁷Be) concentrations were made both daily and weekly during the years 2001-2004 from samples of atmospheric aerosols filtered from the air at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (35 41' N) and Zahedan (28 29' N). Weekly aerosol samples collected with the high-volume air samplers on cellulose filters were used to determine the ⁷Be con ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9870-4

5. Determination of total and non-water soluble iodine in atmospheric aerosols by thermal extraction and spectrometric detection (TESI)

Author:
Gilfedder, B. S.; Chance, R.; Dettmann, U.; Lai, S. C.; Baker, A. R.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2010 v.398 no.1 pp. 519-526
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; atmospheric chemistry; cellulose; combustion; filters; gases; iodine; naphthaleneacetic acid; neutron activation analysis; ozone depletion; quartz; spectroscopy; troposphere
Abstract:
... Iodine has recently been of interest in atmospheric chemistry due to its role in tropospheric ozone depletion, modification of the HO/HO₂ ratio and aerosol nucleation. Gas-phase iodine chemistry is tightly coupled to the aerosol phase through heterogeneous reactions, which are dependent on iodine concentrations and speciation in the aerosol. To date, the only method available for total iodine dete ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-010-3923-1

6. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan in atmospheric fine particulate matter

Author:
Saarnio, Karri; Teinilä, Kimmo; Aurela, Minna; Timonen, Hilkka; Hillamo, Risto
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2010 v.398 no.5 pp. 2253-2264
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
aerosols; anhydrides; anion exchange; anion exchange chromatography; biomass; burning; cellulose; detection limit; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; emissions; hemicellulose; isomers; particulates; soot; spring; sugar alcohols; tracer techniques; Finland
Abstract:
... Biomass burning has a strong influence on the atmospheric aerosol composition through particulate organic, inorganic, and soot emissions. When biomass burns, cellulose and hemicelluloses degrade, producing monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) such as levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan. Therefore, these compounds have been commonly used as tracers for biomass burning. In this study, a fast water-bas ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-010-4151-4

7. Composition of structural carbohydrates in biomass: Precision of a liquid chromatography method using a neutral detergent extraction and a charged aerosol detector

Author:
Bruno Godin; Richard Agneessens; Patrick A. Gerin; Jérôme Delcarte
Source:
Talanta 2011 v.85 no.4 pp. 2014-2026
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
thermal stability; Festuca arundinacea; dispersions; lignocellulose; Cannabis sativa; fiber content; galactose; sulfuric acid; uncertainty; xylan; aerosols; starch; cellulose; hemp; liquid chromatography; Sorghum bicolor; acid hydrolysis; biomass; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... We adapted and optimized a method to quantify the cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, mannan, galactan contents in lignocellulosic biomass. This method is based on a neutral detergent extraction (NDE) of the interfering biomass components, followed by a sulfuric acid hydrolysis (SAH) of the structural polysaccharides, and a liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (LC-CAD) to an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.044

8. Emission of trace gases and organic components in smoke particles from a wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest in Portugal

Author:
Célia A. Alves; Ana Vicente; Cristina Monteiro; Cátia Gonçalves; Margarita Evtyugina; Casimiro Pio
Source:
Science of the total environment 2011 v.409 no.8 pp. 1466-1475
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
acids; aerosols; alkanes; biomarkers; biopolymers; burning; carbon; carbon dioxide; cellulose; detectors; forests; fuels; gas chromatography; gas emissions; gases; ionization; lignin; mass spectrometry; monoacylglycerols; monosaccharides; particulate emissions; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; smoke; steroids; wildfires; Portugal
Abstract:
... On May 2009, both the gas and particulate fractions of smoke from a wildfire in Sever do Vouga, central Portugal, were sampled. Total hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO₂ and CO) were measured using automatic analysers with flame ionisation and non-dispersive infrared detectors, respectively. Fine (PM₂.₅) and coarse (PM₂.₅–₁₀) particles from the smoke plume were analysed by a thermal–optical transm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.025
PubMed:
21277615

9. Hyphenation of a carbon analyzer to photo-ionization mass spectrometry to unravel the organic composition of particulate matter on a molecular level

Author:
Jana Grabowsky; Thorsten Streibel; Martin Sklorz; Judith C. Chow; John G. Watson; Athanasios Mamakos; Ralf Zimmermann
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2011 v.401 no.10 pp. 3153-3164
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
adverse effects; aerosols; biodiesel; carbon; cellulose; combustion; emissions; gasoline; heat; ionization; ions; lignin; lignocellulose; mass spectrometry; particulates; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; spectrometers; temperature; thermal degradation; wood
Abstract:
... The carbonaceous fraction of airborne particulate matter (PM) is of increasing interest due to the adverse health effects they are linked to. Its analytical ascertainment on a molecular level is still challenging. Hence, analysis of carbonaceous fractions is often carried out by determining bulk parameters such as the overall content of organic compounds (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) as well as t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-011-5425-1

10. Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India

Author:
Khem Singh; D. P. Singh; C. K. Dixit; Nahar Singh; C. Sharma; S. Sahai; Arvind K. Jha; Z. H. Khan; Prabhat K. Gupta
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2012 v.184 no.7 pp. 4553-4564
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; anions; cations; cellulose; forests; gases; heavy metals; nitrogen dioxide; physicochemical properties; quartz; rural areas; sulfur dioxide; temporal variation; India
Abstract:
... A field campaign on aerosol chemical properties and trace gases measurements was carried out along the Delhi–Hyderabad–Delhi road corridor (spanning about 3,200 km) in India, during February 1–29, 2004. Aerosol particles were collected on quartz and cellulose filters using high volume (PM10) sampler at various locations along the route (i.e., urban, semi-urban, rural, and forest areas) and have be ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-011-2284-3
PubMed:
21956335

11. Salmonella can reach tomato fruits on plants exposed to aerosols formed by rain

Author:
Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos; Ganyu Gu; Michelle D. Danyluk; Nicholas S. Dufault; Ariena H.C. van Bruggen
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2012 v.158 no.2 pp. 140-146
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; aerosols; air; cellulose; fimbriae; food contamination; fruits; humans; lactose; rain; rain intensity; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas but the spread of Salmonella in agricultural fields is still poorly understood. Post-rain Salmonella transfer from a point source to the air and then to tomato plants was evaluated. GFP-labeled kanamycin-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (10⁸CFU/mL) with and without expression of the rda ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.07.009
PubMed:
22831820

12. Strontium isotopes and nutrient sourcing in a semi-arid woodland

Author:
Amanda C. Reynolds; Jay Quade; Julio L. Betancourt
Source:
Geoderma 2012 v.189-190 no. pp. 574-584
ISSN:
0016-7061
Subject:
aerosols; basalt; bedrock; calcium; cellulose; conifers; granite; grasses; inventories; isotopes; leaves; lichens; life history; limestone; minerals; rooting; sandstone; shrubs; strontium; trees; tropical soils; weathering; wood; Hawaii; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Sr isotopes are widely used as a tracer of Sr and Ca in surficial systems. Basalt flows ranging in age from 3ka (kiloyears ago) to>200ka from El Malpais National Monument (EMNM), New Mexico provide an ideal setting to examine strontium, and hence calcium cycling by plants in a semi-arid woodland. To gauge plant dependence on atmospheric dust versus local weathering products for strontium and calci ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.029

13. Determination of airborne wood dust in Button samples by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS)

Author:
Cheol-Woong Kwon; Madalina M. Chirila; Taekhee Lee; Martin Harper; Roy J. Rando
Source:
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2013 v.93 no.13 pp. 1356-1366
ISSN:
1029-0397
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; aerosols; cellulose; detection limit; equations; ethyl acetate; factories; filters; glass fibers; hemicellulose; linear models; reflectance; toxicity; vibration; wood
Abstract:
... Emerging concerns regarding the toxicity of inhaled wood dust support the need for techniques to quantitate wood content of mixed industrial dusts. The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis technique was applied to the determination of wood content of 181 inhalable dust samples (geometric mean concentration: 0.895 mg/m ³; geometric standard deviation: 2.73) ...
DOI:
10.1080/03067319.2012.755619
PubMed:
26526539
PubMed Central:
PMC4626444

14. Molecular Markers of Biomass Burning in Arctic Aerosols

Author:
Zangrando Roberta; Barbaro Elena; Zennaro Piero; Rossi Silvia; Kehrwald Natalie M.; Gabrieli Jacopo; Barbante Carlo; Gambaro Andrea
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.15 pp. 8565-8574
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
absorption; acrylamides; aerosols; air; analytical methods; biomass; burning; cellulose; combustion; ferulic acid; fires; genetic markers; homovanillic acid; ice; organic matter; p-coumaric acid; snow; solar radiation; spring; summer; syringic acid; vanillic acid; Arctic region; Norway
Abstract:
... Biomass burning is one of the most important sources of organic matter in the atmosphere as it affects the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, creates cloud condensation nuclei and possibly influences ice and snow albedo. Here we created and validated an analytical method using HPLC/(−)-ESI-MS/MS to determine phenolic compounds (PCLCs): vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, homovanillic acid, ...
DOI:
10.1021/es400125r

15. Biotransformation of Various Saccharides and Production of Exopolymeric Substances by Cloud-Borne Bacillus sp. 3B6

Author:
Matulová Mária; Husárová Slavomíra; Capek Peter; Sancelme Martine; Delort Anne-Marie
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2014 v.48 no.24 pp. 14238-14247
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Bacillus (bacteria); aerosols; air; alditols; bacteria; biotransformation; cellulose; energy; freeze-thaw cycles; fructose; glucose; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; nutrient availability; osmolarity; polyethylene glycol; starch; sucrose; temperature
Abstract:
... The ability of Bacillus sp. 3B6, a bacterial strain isolated from cloudwaters, to biotransform saccharides present in the atmosphere was evaluated using in situ 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Bacillus is one of the genera most frequently described in the air and in atmospheric waters. Sugars present in these environments have a biogenic origin; they include alditols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, o ...
DOI:
10.1021/es501350s

16. Formation of Anhydro-sugars in the Primary Volatiles and Solid Residues from Cellulose Fast Pyrolysis in a Wire-Mesh Reactor

Author:
Gong Xun; Yu Yun; Gao Xiangpeng; Qiao Yu; Xu Minghou; Wu Hongwei
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2014 v.28 no.8 pp. 5204-5211
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
aerosols; carbon; cellulose; evaporation; fuels; oligomerization; pyrolysis; sugars; temperature; vapors
Abstract:
... The unique design of wire-mesh reactors (WMR) enables the collection of primary volatiles with minimized secondary reactions from fast pyrolysis of solid fuels. This paper reports the formation of anhydro-sugars in both primary volatiles and solid residues from the fast pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in a WMR. Under fast pyrolysis, cellulose is rapidly converted into an intermediate phase ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef501112q

17. Sodium fertilization increases termites and enhances decomposition in an Amazonian forest

Author:
Michael Kaspari; Natalie A. Clay; David A. Donoso; Steven P. Yanoviak
Source:
Ecology 2014 v.95 no.4 pp. 795-800
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Isoptera; aerosols; cellulose; coarse woody debris; ecosystem respiration; lignin; microbial biomass; sodium; sodium chloride; soil; temperature; tropical rain forests; Ecuador
Abstract:
... Added Na was used to determine whether litter decomposition and associated fungal biomass and termites are limited by Na availability in a lowland tropical rainforest at Yasuni, Ecuador. This is a partial test of the “sodium ecosystem respiration” (SER) hypothesis that posits Na is critical for consumers but not plants, that Na shortfall is more likely on highly weathered soils inland from oceanic ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-1274.1

18. Thin-layer chromatography combined with diode laser thermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Author:
Antonín Bednařík; Iva Tomalová; Viktor Kanický; Jan Preisler
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2014 v.1364 pp. 271-275
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
aerosols; atomic absorption spectrometry; cellulose; detection limit; diodes; instrumentation; lasers; pyrolysis; thin layer chromatography; volatilization
Abstract:
... Here we present a novel coupling of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to diode laser thermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DLTV ICP MS). DLTV is a new technique of aerosol generation which uses a diode laser to induce pyrolysis of a substrate. In this case the cellulose stationary phase on aluminum-backed TLC sheets overprinted with black ink to absorb laser light. The e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.069

19. Fate of Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerosols Deposited on the Lung Cell Surface In Vitro

Author:
Endes Carola; Mueller Silvana; Kinnear Calum; Vanhecke Dimitri; Foster E. Johan; Petri-Fink Alke; Weder Christoph; Clift Martin J. D.; Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara
Source:
Biomacromolecules 2015 v.16 no.4 pp. 1267-1275
ISSN:
1526-4602
Subject:
aerosols; breathing; cellulose; cotton; epithelium; microscopy; models; nanocrystals; nanofibers; nanoparticles
Abstract:
... When considering the inhalation of high-aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN), the characterization of their specific interaction with lung cells is of fundamental importance to help categorize their potential hazard. The aim of the present study was to assess the interaction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with a multicellular in vitro model of the epithelial airway barrier following realistic aeros ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00055

20. Miniature Flow-Through Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Source for Ambient Ionization of Gases and Aerosols

Author:
Spencer Sandra E.; Santiago Brandon G.; Glish Gary L.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2015 v.87 no.23 pp. 11887-11892
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
aerosols; caffeine; cellulose; gases; ionization; ions; pyrolysis
Abstract:
... The design and operation of an inexpensive, miniature low-temperature plasma ion source is detailed. The miniature low-temperature plasma ion source is operated in a “flow-through” configuration, wherein the gaseous or aerosolized analyte, caffeine or pyrolyzed ethyl cellulose, in a carrier gas is used as the plasma gas. In this flow-through configuration, the sensitivity for the caffeine standard ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03447