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1. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Determination of the Iodine Value in Biodiesel Produced from Algal and Vegetable Oils

Author:
Kumar Ravindra; Bansal Veena; Patel M. B.; Sarpal A. S.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.11 pp. 7005-7008
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; vegetable oil; algae; algal oils; iodine value; fatty acid methyl esters; oxidative stability; biodiesel; feedstocks
Abstract:
... A method for the determination of the iodine value in biodiesel produced from algal and vegetable oils has been developed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The determination of the iodine value is based on the average molecular weight of the fatty acid methyl esters and the number of double bond, which are calculated from ¹H NMR spectra. The total methyl ester content (% ME) was es ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef300991n

2. Advances in algal biomass pretreatment and its valorisation into biochemical and bioenergy by the microbial processes

Author:
Shashi Kant Bhatia; Vishal Ahuja; Neha Chandel; Ranjit Gurav; Ravi Kant Bhatia; Muthusamy Govarthanan; Vinay Kumar Tyagi; Vinod Kumar; Arivalagan Pugazendhi; J. Rajesh Banu; Yung-Hun Yang
Source:
Bioresource technology 2022 v.358 pp. 127437
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
air quality; algae; alkaline hydrolysis; ammonia; biogas; biohydrogen; biomass; energy; feedstocks; fermentation; greenhouse gases; hydrolysates; ionic liquids; lignocellulose; methane; pollution; polyhydroxyalkanoates; sugars; urbanization
Abstract:
... Urbanization and pollution are the major issues of the current time own to the exhaustive consumption of fossil fuels which have a detrimental effect on the nation's economies and air quality due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and shortage of energy reserves. Algae, an autotrophic organism provides a green substitute for energy as well as commercial products. Algal extracts become an efficient ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127437

3. Advances in plant materials, food by-products, and algae conversion into biofuels: use of environmentally friendly technologies

Author:
Mohammad Hassan KamaniThese authors contributed equally in this work.; Ismail Eş; Jose M. Lorenzo; Fabienne Remize; Elena Roselló-Soto; Francisco J. Barba; James Clark; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Source:
Green chemistry 2019 v.21 no.12 pp. 3213-3231
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
agricultural wastes; algae; anthropogenic activities; biofuels; biomass; byproducts; cellulose; clean fuels; feedstocks; fractionation; fuel production; gene editing; green chemistry; hemicellulose; hydrocarbons; lignin; metabolic engineering; petroleum; sustainable technology; technology
Abstract:
... Green technologies have emerged as useful tools for the generation of clean fuels with the potential to minimize the effect of human activity on the environment. Currently, these fuels are mainly composed of hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil. Over the past two decades, biomass has gained significant attention as a renewable feedstock for more sustainable biofuel production and has been a great ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8gc03860k

4. Algae as a source of renewable chemicals: opportunities and challenges

Author:
Patrick M. Foley; Evan S. Beach; Julie B. Zimmerman
Source:
Green chemistry 2011 v.13 no.6 pp. 1399-1405
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
algae; biofuels; biomass production; chemical composition; coproducts; design for environment; energy crops; feedstocks; green chemistry; greenhouse gas emissions; industry; lignocellulose; markets; new products; nutrients; value added
Abstract:
... Algae are being explored as a sustainable energy feedstock, having potential to reduce dependence on petrofuels and offset greenhouse gas emissions. Economic considerations and principles of green design suggest that if algae-to-fuel technology is to be successful, biofuels must be produced simultaneously with value-added co-products. At present, the algae industry is centered around a limited num ...
DOI:
10.1039/c1gc00015b

5. Algae as green energy reserve: Technological outlook on biofuel production

Author:
Susaimanickam Anto; Subhra Sankha Mukherjee; Rhea Muthappa; Thangavel Mathimani; Garlapati Deviram; Smita S. Kumar; Tikendra Nath Verma; Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.242 pp. 125079
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
algae; algae culture; biodiesel; bioethanol; biogas; biohydrogen; biomass production; carbon dioxide; cell membranes; cooking fats and oils; economic sustainability; emissions; feedstocks; fuel production; harvesting; hot water treatment; inoculum; light intensity; lipids; mixing; nutrient content; photobioreactors; risk; temperature
Abstract:
... Depletion of fossil fuel sources and their emissions have triggered a vigorous research in finding alternative and renewable energy sources. In this regard, algae are being exploited as a third generation feedstock for the production of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biohydrogen. However, algal based biofuel does not reach successful peak due to the higher cost issues in culti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125079

6. Algae as potential feedstock for the production of biofuels and value-added products: Opportunities and challenges

Author:
Manish Kumar; Yuqing Sun; Rashmi Rathour; Ashok Pandey; Indu Shekhar Thakur; Daniel C.W. Tsang
Source:
Science of the total environment 2020 v.716 pp. 137116
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
algae; anaerobic digestion; biochar; biodiesel; biogas; biohydrogen; biomass; biorefining; cost effectiveness; feedstocks; fermentation; fuel production; gasification; hydrothermal liquefaction; lipids; methane; models; pyrolysis; saccharification; transesterification; value-added products
Abstract:
... The current review explores the potential application of algal biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-based products. The variety of processes and pathways through which bio-valorization of algal biomass can be performed are described in this review. Various lipid extraction techniques from algal biomass along with transesterification reactions for biodiesel production are briefly discusse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137116

7. Algal biofuels: impact significance and implications for EU multi-level governance

Author:
David Benson; Katherine Kerry; Gill Malin
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2014 v.72 pp. 4-13
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
European Union; algae; biofuels; bioreactors; carbon; dietary supplements; energy; environmental governance; environmental impact; environmental protection; feedstocks; pharmaceutical industry; politics; research policy; wastewater
Abstract:
... Recent years have witnessed significant worldwide growth in research into the production of algal biomass for fuel, food and food supplements, nutrient recovery from wastewater and feedstocks for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. While there appear to be considerable future benefits, especially in terms of sustainable low carbon energy biofuels, emerging evidence suggests that large-scale al ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.060

8. Algal biotechnology in Australia and Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges

Author:
Narasinga Rao Hanumanth Rao; Bojan Tamburic; Yen Thi Thai Doan; Bach Duc Nguyen; Rita Kay Henderson
Source:
Algal research 2021 v.56 pp. 102335
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
algae; aquaculture; biofuels; bioplastics; biosynthesis; biotechnology; business enterprises; capital; commercialization; energy industry; feedstocks; markets; politics; research; risk; Australia; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Algae have enormous potential to contribute to the water-energy-food-climate nexus, with key opportunities as food products in agriculture and aquaculture, and as a feedstock for biofuels and bioplastics. However, globally, commercialisation of algal biotechnology has been limited to the biosynthesis of pigments, antioxidants and other high-value products with limited market size. In this report, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2021.102335

9. Algal cellulose, production and potential use in plastics: Challenges and opportunities

Author:
Enio Zanchetta; Eya Damergi; Bhavish Patel; Tobias Borgmeyer; Horst Pick; Adrian Pulgarin; Christian Ludwig
Source:
Algal research 2021 v.56 pp. 102288
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
algae; biodegradability; biomass; bioplastics; cellulose; feedstocks; life cycle assessment; petroleum; photosynthesis; research
Abstract:
... The development of new biodegradable plastic materials from renewable sources is a major challenge for plastic industries to provide sustainable alternatives to petroleum plastic. Bio-based plastics are generally obtained from photosynthetic biomass such as higher plants, crops and more recently algae. This review aims to summarise the current state of bioplastic production in general with particu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2021.102288

10. Algal-microbial community collaboration for energy recovery and nutrient remediation from wastewater in integrated photobioelectrochemical systems

Author:
Shuai Luo; John A. Berges; Zhen He; Erica B. Young
Source:
Algal research 2017 v.24 pp. 527-539
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
Cyanobacteria; algae; anodes; bacteria; bioelectrochemistry; bioenergy; biologists; carbon; cathodes; energy recovery; feedstocks; hyperaccumulators; microbial fuel cells; microbial growth; oxygen; pH; photosynthesis; remediation; wastewater; wastewater treatment; weeds
Abstract:
... Integration of algae and cyanobacteria with microbial fuel cell bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can significantly improve energy recovery and nutrient remediation in wastewater treatment. One innovative option is an integrated photobioelectrochemical system (IPB). Algae can contribute to BES function as an organic feedstock to support bacterial growth, by assisting anode bacteria to generate elec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.006

11. Application of image analysis for algal biomass quantification: a low-cost and non-destructive method based on HSI color space

Author:
Mengqi Jiang; Shin-ichi Nakano
Source:
Journal of applied phycology 2021 v.33 no.6 pp. 3709-3717
ISSN:
0921-8971
Subject:
algae; algology; bioenergy; biomass; color; cost effectiveness; feedstocks; image analysis; nondestructive methods; quantitative analysis
Abstract:
... Algal biomass has been utilized as a potential feedstock for bioenergy and a variety of other bioprocesses. At the core of this topic, there is a general demand for rapid, cost-effective, and accurate methods for algal biomass quantification. Here, we present a simple, low-cost, and non-destructive method to estimate algal biomass concentrations by image analysis based on the hue, saturation, inte ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10811-021-02571-4

12. Application of magnesium sulfate and its nanoparticles for enhanced lipid production by mixotrophic cultivation of algae using biodiesel waste

Author:
Saurabh Jyoti Sarma; Ratul Kumar Das; Satinder Kaur Brar; Yann Le Bihan; Gerardo Buelna; Mausam Verma; Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Source:
Energy 2014 v.78 pp. 16-22
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
Chlorella vulgaris; algae; biodiesel; chlorophyll; feedstocks; fuel production; glycerol; lipids; magnesium; magnesium sulfate; nanoparticles; physiology; wastes
Abstract:
... CG (Crude glycerol) is one of the major wastes of biodiesel production process. It can be used as a substrate for lipid production by algae and the produced lipid can be recycled as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In order to avoid substrate inhibition, lipid production media are prepared by diluting the CG with distilled water. However, CG contains only a small amount of Mg (57.41 ± 18 ppm) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.112

13. Aqueous Extraction of the Sulfated Polysaccharide Ulvan from the Green Alga Ulva rigida—Kinetics and Modeling

Author:
Ricardo Pezoa-Conte; Allison Leyton; Andrea Baccini; María Cristina Ravanal; Päivi Mäki-Arvela; Henrik Grénman; Chunlin Xu; Stefan Willför; María Elena Lienqueo; Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
Source:
BioEnergy research 2017 v.10 no.3 pp. 915-928
ISSN:
1939-1234
Subject:
Ulva; activation energy; algae; ethanol; feedstocks; fermentation; fractionation; industry; models; polysaccharides; saccharification; sugars; temperature
Abstract:
... The incentives for utilizing a versatile range of renewable feedstocks in novel ways are continuously increasing. Sulfated polysaccharides from green algae, such as ulvan, are interesting due to the rare sugar constituents which can be utilized for new materials and chemicals in industry. However, before valorization fractionation needs to be performed in a controlled way. In the current work, the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12155-017-9853-4

14. Aqueous phase recycling in catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biomass and the effect on elemental accumulation and energy efficiency

Author:
Alireza Taghipour; Ursel Hornung; Jerome Atillo Ramirez; Richard John Brown; Thomas James Rainey
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2021 v.289 pp. 125582
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
Arthrospira platensis; algae; biofuels; biomass; catalysts; diesel engines; emissions; energy efficiency; feedstocks; fossil fuels; hydrothermal liquefaction; liquids; nitrogen content; nitrogen oxides; phosphates; recycling; temperature
Abstract:
... Generating green-based liquid fuels using hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising method for fossil fuel replacement. This study investigates the impact of recycling the aqueous phase in hydrothermal liquefaction processing on fuel yield, quality and energy efficiency using algae as the feedstock. Recycling the aqueous phase in algal hydrothermal liquefaction increased biocrude production yield b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125582

15. Ash behavior during hydrothermal treatment for solid fuel applications. Part 1: Overview of different feedstock

Author:
Mikko Mäkelä; Andrés Fullana; Kunio Yoshikawa
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2016 v.121 pp. 402-408
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
Miscanthus; Panicum virgatum; algae; aluminum; anaerobic digestion; artichokes; ash content; bark; biomass; calcium; composts; corn stover; data collection; feces; feedstocks; fruits; fuels; grasses; hot water treatment; iron; magnesium; multivariate analysis; municipal solid waste; olives; oranges; potassium; rice hulls; silicon; sludge; solubility; spent grains; sulfur; wood
Abstract:
... Differences in ash behavior during hydrothermal treatment were identified based on multivariate data analysis of literature information on 29 different feedstock. In addition, the solubility of individual elements was evaluated based on a smaller data set. As a result two different groups were distinguished based on char ash content and ash yield. Virgin terrestrial and aquatic biomass, such as di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.016

16. Assessing land-use impacts by clean vehicle systems

Author:
Patricia Pontau; Yi Hou; Hua Cai; Yi Zhen; Xiaoping Jia; Anthony S.F. Chiu; Ming Xu
Source:
Resources, Conservation & Recycling 2015 v.95 pp. 112-119
ISSN:
0921-3449
Subject:
Panicum virgatum; agricultural land; algae; automobiles; biodiesel; climate; closed loop systems; corn; corn starch; electricity; energy; ethanol; feedstocks; fuel production; greenhouse gas emissions; issues and policy; land use; ponds; soil; solar energy; stover; transportation; wind farms; wind speed
Abstract:
... Transition of the current gasoline-based transportation system into a renewable fuel-based clean vehicle system has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve national energy security. However, the realized net environmental benefit or energy security improvement is tightly linked to the electricity fuel mix (for electric cars and plug-in hybrids) and fueling strategy (for cars u ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.008

17. Assessment of Plant and Microalgal Oil-Derived Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Products for Potential Commercialization

Author:
Tao Dong; Ermias Dheressa; Matthew Wiatrowski; Andre Prates Pereira; Ashton Zeller; Lieve M. L. Laurens; Philip T. Pienkos
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2021 v.9 no.38 pp. 12858-12869
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
bicarbonates; carbon dioxide; carbonates; commercialization; cost effectiveness; feedstocks; foams; green chemistry; industrial applications; microalgae; oils; polyamines; polymerization; polyunsaturated fatty acids; polyurethanes; strength (mechanics); triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... Green pathways for nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) production have attracted increasing levels of interest. The reaction between 5-membered cyclic carbonate and polyamines is one of the most promising pathways to produce NIPU polymers. Though promising, major technical hurdles such as slow polymerization rate and poor performance hinder the commercialization of NIPU. In this paper, we screened s ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03653

18. Assessment of algae biodiesel viability based on the area requirement in the European Union, United States and Brazil

Author:
Lais Galileu Speranza; Andrew Ingram; Gary A. Leeke
Source:
Renewable energy 2015 v.78 pp. 406-417
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
European Union; algae; algae culture; biodiesel; carbon dioxide; cities; climate; computer software; cultivation area; feedstocks; fuel production; international organizations; international policy and programs; municipal wastewater; nutrients; politics; viability; wastewater treatment; Brazil; United States
Abstract:
... The replacement of diesel by biofuels is considered unrealistic because of the land used to produce their feedstock. One appointed solution is the use of algae which have higher productivity per unit area when compared with other feedstocks. In light of this, the total area, including water and land required for the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and Brazil was determined using inter ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.059

19. Assessment of algal biofuel resource potential in the United States with consideration of regional water stress

Author:
Hui Xu; Uisung Lee; André M. Coleman; Mark S. Wigmosta; Michael Wang
Source:
Algal research 2019 v.37 pp. 30-39
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
algae; biofuels; biomass production; carbon dioxide; feedstocks; freshwater; fuel production; planning; water shortages; water stress; water use efficiency; United States
Abstract:
... Algae is a promising feedstock for biofuels. Because scaling up the production of algae-based biofuels consumes a significant amount of water, it is important to consider the impact it has on water stress. This study evaluates the potential for algae-derived biofuel production in the United States (US) and considers regional water stress. We used the Biomass Assessment Tool (BAT) to identify poten ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.002

20. Biochar Nanoparticles Induced Distinct Biological Effects on Freshwater Algae via Oxidative Stress, Membrane Damage, and Nutrient Depletion

Author:
Xiaochen Huang; Shishu Zhu; Hongli Zhang; Yichao Huang; Xiaodong Wang; Yan Wang; Da Chen
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2021 v.9 no.32 pp. 10761-10770
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
Chlorella vulgaris; adsorption; algae; aquatic environment; biochar; corn straw; feedstocks; freshwater; green chemistry; oxidative stress; pyrolysis; reactive oxygen species; rice hulls; risk; sawdust; soil; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; wood
Abstract:
... Long-term application of bulk biochar (BC) in soil or water environment could result in physical disintegration of BC into smaller particle sizes, including the formation of BC nanoparticles. The presence of nano-BC may pose a threat to aquatic organisms due to its nanoeffects and unique physicochemical properties. However, reliable assessments of the environmental risk presented by nano-BCs are l ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01814