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... Leaf area estimation is an important biometrical observation one has to do for comparing plant growth in field and greenhouse experiments. Determining the individual leaf area (LA) of watermelon (Citrillus lanatus Thunb.) involves measurements of leaf parameters such as length (L) and width (W), or some combinations of these parameters. Two-year investigation was carried out during 2006 (on six cu ...
Enno Uhl; Peter Biber; Matthias Ulbricht; Michael Heym; Tamás Horváth; Ferenc Lakatos; Janós Gál; Leonhard Steinacker; Giustino Tonon; Maurizio Ventura; Hans Pretzsch
... BACKGROUND: Most current approaches in forest science and practice require information about structure and growth of individual trees rather than - or in addition to - sum and mean values of growth and yield at forest stand level as provided by classic experimental designs. By inventing the wheel design, Nelder provided the possibility to turn to the individual tree as basic information unit. Such ...
allometry; biofuels; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon markets; carbon sequestration; cities; climate change; composts; design for environment; ecosystem services; equations; forests; green waste; greenhouse gas emissions; grounds maintenance; issues and policy; models; trees; Alps region; Italy
Abstract:
... Recent climate change, environmental design, and ecological conservation policies require new and existing urban developments to mitigate and offset carbon dioxide emissions and for cities to become carbon neutral. Some North American models and tools are available and can be used to quantify the carbon offset function of urban trees. But, little information on urban tree carbon storage and seques ...
... Biomass allocation in seedlings and saplings at different stages of growth is important information for studying the response of species to site conditions. The objectives of the paper are: (a) to analyse the relationship between height and biomass in young Norway spruce and European beech trees, (b) to study the influence of the leaf area on ontogenetic growth stages and biomass sequestration cap ...
Antonio Brunori; Francesca Dini; Claudio Cantini; Giovanna Sala; Tommaso La Mantia; Tiziano Caruso; Francesco Paolo Marra; Carlo Trotta; Luigi Nasini; Luca Regni; Primo Proietti
Olea europaea; allometry; basins; belowground biomass; biomass production; cultivars; data collection; dry environmental conditions; equations; forest trees; fruit trees; groves; leaf area index; models; olives; rainfed farming; roots; shoots; Italy
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : This work demonstrates that the Olive tree, which is managed and pruned as a fruit tree, can be treated as a forest tree using allometric equations, to estimate both biomass production and volumes. The Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree that can grow and accumulate a relatively high amount of dry matter, even in dry environmental conditions common in the Mediterranean ...
pork; gilts; beans; feeds; swine breeds; extensive farming; grazing; animal morphology; estimation; carcass yield; linear models; boars; pastures; slaughter weight; traditional farming; small cereal grains; feed conversion; dressing percentage; body measurements; castration; backfat; age at slaughter; free stalls; animal growth; allometry; farrowing pens; Italy
Abstract:
... A total of 78 female and male Nero Siciliano pigs were used. Forty-one pigs were reared following the traditional management system, 37 pigs were reared in pens with a small outdoor paddock and fed to appetite using commercial rations according to the growing period. Both male and female pigs were castrated. All pigs were weighed and measured periodically. Body measurements included height at with ...
Populus; allometry; canopy; data collection; inventories; leaf area index; leaves; photography; porosity; research; satellites; tree and stand measurements; trees; unmanned aerial vehicles; Italy
Abstract:
... The dataset reports data collected in 38 square (50 x 50m) 0.25 ha plots representative of poplar plantations in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy), which were used to calibrate optical information derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite (Sentinel-2) sensors. In each plot, the diameter at breast height was measured using a caliper; height, stem and crown volume of each tree were the ...
allometry; biomass; data collection; flight; land restoration; models; orthophotography; riparian areas; riparian vegetation; rivers; streams; unmanned aerial vehicles; wood; Italy
Abstract:
... The need to rely on accurate information about the wood biomass available in riparian zones under management, inspired the land reclamation authority of southern Tuscany to develop a research based on the new remote sensing technologies. With this aim, a series of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight campaigns flanked by ground-data collection were carried out on 5 zones and 15 stream reaches belo ...
Pseudotsuga menziesii; aboveground biomass; allometry; biomass production; carbon; carbon sinks; dry matter partitioning; emissions; equations; global warming; long term effects; Italy
Abstract:
... We investigated the effects of a long-term thinning experiment on the distribution of above-ground biomass of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) in a plantation in southern Italy. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and partitioning to stem and crown compartments. Variation in biomass stock estimated with allometric equations were evaluated according t ...
... We validated, by means of allometric relationships and root severing experiments, the modified earth impedance method developed for measuring absorbing root surfaces. For the allometric studies, a series of 350 small and large trees of six broadleaf and coniferous species in several experimental sites was examined. We found a good linear ln-ln fit between absorbing root surface area and basal area ...
... BACKGROUND: Estimation of forest biomass on the regional and global scale is of great importance. Many studies have demonstrated that lidar is an accurate tool for estimating forest aboveground biomass. However, results vary with forest types, terrain conditions and the quality of the lidar data. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the utility of low density lidar data (<2 points∙m⁻²) for esti ...
allometry; aquaculture; chlorophyll; coasts; growth performance; juveniles; oxygen; scallops; specific growth rate; water; water temperature; Italy; Mediterranean Sea
Abstract:
... The present study examines the juvenile growth of nine cohorts of Mimachlamys varia in a coastal area of the Ionian Sea, from January 2014 to May 2015. The results showed that M. varia could reach commercial size in less than one year of cultivation, but significant differences in absolute growth rate (AGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were found among cohorts (p < 0.05). Relationships between s ...
... Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. is a troublesome weed of maize which reproduces through seeds and rhizomes. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides due to a target-site mutation Ile-Asn in position 2041 of the ACCase gene was confirmed in several populations in Italy. The presence of fitness costs related to the allelic variant Ile2041Asn has never been investigated in ACCase-resistant S. halepens ...
... Carbon sequestration is suggested as a low-cost option for climate change mitigation, the functioning of which can be threatened by pathogen infestation. This study calculates the effects of infectious pathogens on the cost of achieving the EU’s 2050 climate targets by combining the so-called production function method with the replacement cost method. Pathogens are then assumed to affect ca ...
Pinus pinea; aboveground biomass; allometry; belowground biomass; branches; data collection; databases; ecosystems; equations; forests; global carbon budget; intraspecific variation; provenance; stand management; statistical models; tree and stand measurements; trees; Italy; Mediterranean region; Portugal; Spain
Abstract:
... Accurate estimates of tree biomass are strongly required for forest carbon budget estimates and to understand ecosystem dynamics for a sustainable management. Existing biomass equations for Mediterranean species are scarce, stand- and site-specific and therefore are not suitable for large scale application.In this study, biomass allometric equations were developed for stone pine (Pinus pinea L.), ...
... We investigate for the first time allometric vs. non-allometric shape variation in sea turtles through a geometric morphometrics approach. Five body parts (carapace, plastron, top and lateral sides of the head, dorsal side of front flippers) were considered in a sample of 58 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) collected in the waters around Lampedusa island, Italy, the central Mediterranean. The ...
... This study examined the hydrodynamic behaviour of European black poplar (Populus nigra L.) under coppice management in riparian areas with a multidisciplinary approach. An innovative procedure on the basis of the combination of plant allometric relations and hydrodynamic models was applied to assess drag forces and plant hydrodynamic bending as function of the basal diameter and module of elastici ...
... Five published indirect methods to estimate benthic secondary production of intertidal mudflats and a new proposed formulation based on quarter-power allometric scaling and the “Universal Temperature Dependence” of biological processes (UTD) were compared. For this purpose, a dataset consisting of an annual series of samples, taken from the Lagoon of Venice from March 1996 to March 1997, at sites ...
... Tree species differences in crown size and shape are often highlighted as key characteristics determining light interception strategies and successional dynamics. The phenotypic plasticity of species in response to light and space availability suggests that intraspecific variability can have potential consequences on light interception and community dynamics. Species crown size varies depending on ...
Abies alba; allometry; forests; models; tree age; tree and stand measurements; tree growth; tree height; trees; Italy
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: Conventional methods for estimating the current annual increment of stand volume are based on the uncertain assumption that height increment decreases with tree age. Conversely, size, rather than age, should be accounted for the observed senescence-related declines in relative growth rate and, consequently, implemented in silvicultural manuals. Results stem from a study on Abies alba ...
allometry; biometry; carbon sinks; forest land; forests; land cover; land use change; orthophotography; research and development; surface area; Italy
Abstract:
... In this study, we analyzed the variation of forest land cover in a mountain area of Veneto Region in northeast Italy. The analysis was done by comparing orthorectified aerial photographs taken in 1991 with orthophotos dated 2003, using photo interpretation of points with casual distribution on sample areas, according to a stratified sampling. The study yielded a statistically relevant increment of ...
... Animal body size commonly exhibits a remarkable variation in response to environmental conditions. Latitude, when correlated with temperature, rainfall and seasonality, represents one of the main determinants of variation in body size, as well as in allometry. It has long been recognised that populations of larger body size are found in colder environments (Bergmann’s Rule), a cornerstone of evolu ...
... When an alien species is introduced in a new area, the new population may be genetically and phenotypically different from the parent population because of the population bottleneck, increased inbreeding rate and adaptation to the new environment. In this study we investigated the variation in shape and size of the mandible among and within three populations of the invasive Pallas’s squirrel intro ...
... This study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of changes in proportions related to variation in size in freshwater fish, particularly Rutilus rubilio , Squalius lucumonis and Telestes muticellus , from central Italy. The ontogenetic shape variation was described by a multivariate regression where the independent and dependent variables were size and a set of shape variables (the latter ...
... Nematode biomass and allometric attributes (size spectra, body length and width, morphotypes) were measured and related to the environmental quality of sediments of the Genoa-Voltri commercial harbour (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) to investigate their possible use as ecological indicators. The sediment quality was defined by measuring the level of organic enrichment (quantity and biochemical co ...
... Annual C input to soil is a major factor affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. However different types of C-sources can have different behaviour, in relation to their chemical characteristics and how they interact with soil. Root-derived C, in particular, should be more efficient than other organic materials as a result of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the surroundi ...
... The objectives of this paper were (1) to provide general biometry data for an 80-year-old olive (Olea europea L., cv. Coratina) grove in Andria, southern Italy, and (2) to compare different methods for estimating leaf area distributions. Stand biometry was represented by a stocking density of 132 trees ha⁻¹, mean spacing of 8.7 m and mean social area (proportional to spacing and tree size) of abou ...
deciduous forests; canopy; Quercus; forest trees; tree crown; spatial distribution; allometry; equations; leaf area index; regression analysis; drought; forest stands; environmental factors; density; stand structure; leaves; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... We examined vertical foliage distribution (based on destructive harvesting) in the deciduous oak species Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris, at the level of the entire tree and the forest community, in two adjacent stands in Tuscany (central Italy). The study was aimed at characterizing the structure of these stands in a manner suitable as a biometric background for comparison with canopy proces ...
... We analysed ontogenetic shape change in the planorbid limpet Ancylus fluviatilis (Müller, 1774) in two rivers in Southern Italy. We developed a new method to discriminate among different cohorts in Ancylus , based on principal component analysis. The method is useful when shape change during growth is allometric, as in our study model. We discovered that bivoltinism occurs in Ancylus in Southern I ...
... Climate action plans, with goals for carbon neutrality of cities, often rely on estimates of urban forest biomass and related annual carbon sequestration balanced against citywide carbon emissions. For these estimates to be successful, there is a need both for accurate quantification of urban tree populations and structure, and consideration of the net carbon sequestered when the fate of wood wast ...
allometry; carbon dioxide; carbon markets; case studies; climate; energy; equations; greenhouse gas emissions; inventories; population growth; traffic; trees; urban areas; Alps region; Asia; Italy; North America
Abstract:
... Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban areas due to rapid population growth and consequent increased energy use and vehicular traffic is a worldwide problem contributing to an altered global climate. Studies from North America and Asia have reported that urban trees can be used to mitigate these emissions. However, little is known about the role of European urban streetscapes in mitigat ...
accuracy; allometry; calibration; carbon; carbon sinks; classification; deforestation; dominant species; forests; geometry; height; image analysis; information; management systems; models; photogrammetry; planning; remote sensing; species identification; tree and stand measurements; trees; urban areas; Italy
Abstract:
... Recently, the severe intensification of atmospheric carbon has highlighted the importance of urban tree contributions in atmospheric carbon mitigations in city areas considering sustainable urban green planning and management systems. Explicit and timely information on urban trees and their roles in the atmospheric Carbon Stock (CS) are essential for policymakers to take immediate actions to ameli ...