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1. A 50‐step walking test for analysis of recovery after decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar disc herniation in dogs

Author:
Suzanne Rosen; Jessica Lynn Grzegorzewski; Stephanie Heath; Cynthia Schocke; Nicholas Jeffery
Source:
Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2022 v.36 no.5 pp. 1733-1741
ISSN:
0891-6640
Subject:
Bayesian theory; anesthesia; animal injuries; dogs; intervertebral disks; pain; surgery; ulna; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Despite its importance, there is no agreed definition of recovery of ambulation in dogs with spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVES: To validate a new walking test in dogs recovering from thoracolumbar spinal cord injury. ANIMALS: Two hundred twenty‐four dogs weighing <20 kg: 120 normally ambulatory dogs, plus 104 dogs undergoing decompressive surgery for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral dis ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvim.16516

2. AMPK-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Phrenic Motoneurons following Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Author:
Pauline Michel-Flutot; Laurie Efthimiadi; Lynda Djerbal; Therese B. Deramaudt; Marcel Bonay; Stéphane Vinit
Source:
Antioxidants 2022 v.11 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
animal injuries; antioxidant activity; diaphragm; homeostasis; motor neurons; oxidative stress; paralysis; spinal cord
Abstract:
... High spinal cord injuries (SCI) induce the deafferentation of phrenic motoneurons, leading to permanent diaphragm paralysis. This involves secondary injury associated with pathologic and inflammatory processes at the site of injury, and at the level of phrenic motoneurons. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant response in phrenic motoneurons involving the AMPK-Nrf2 signaling pathway f ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox11091665

3. Aldehyde-methacrylate-hyaluronan profited hydrogel system integrating aligned and viscoelastic cues for neurogenesis

Author:
Suping Chen; Chengheng Wu; Ting Zhou; Kai Wu; Nini Xin; Xiaoyin Liu; Zi Qiao; Dan Wei; Jing Sun; Hongrong Luo; Liangxue Zhou; Hongsong Fan
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2022 v.278 pp. 118961
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
animal injuries; biofabrication; extracellular matrix; hyaluronic acid; hydrogels; imines; nerve tissue; neurites; neurogenesis; therapeutics; viscoelasticity
Abstract:
... Either oriented architecture or viscoelasticity is pivotal to neurogenesis, thus, native neural extracellular matrix derived-hyaluronan hydrogels with nano-orientation and viscoelasticity recapitulated might be instructive for neurogenesis, however it is still unexploited. Herein, based on aldehyde-methacrylate difunctionalized hyaluronan, by integrating imine kinetic modulation and microfluidic b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118961

4. Autophagy induced by Schwann cell-derived exosomes promotes recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

Author:
Dayu Pan; Shibo Zhu; Weixin Zhang; Zhijian Wei; Fuhan Yang; Zhenglong Guo; Guangzhi Ning; Shiqing Feng
Source:
Biotechnology letters 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 129-142
ISSN:
0141-5492
Subject:
acetylation; animal injuries; apoptosis; autophagy; biotechnology; exosomes; microtubules; polymerization
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is catastrophic to humans and society. However, there is currently no effective treatment for SCI. Autophagy is known to serve critical roles in both the physiological and pathological processes of the body, but its facilitatory and/or deleterious effects in SCI are yet to be completely elucidated. This study aimed to use primary Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) to tr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10529-021-03198-8

5. Cannabidiol-loaded injectable chitosan-based hydrogels promote spinal cord injury repair by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis

Author:
Hongyan Zhang; Tian Hu; Mingxin Xiong; Shanshan Li; Wei-Xiong Li; Jinwen Liu; Xiang Zhou; Jian Qi; Gang-Biao Jiang
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2022 v.221 pp. 1259-1270
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
animal injuries; apoptosis; biocompatible materials; biogenesis; cannabidiol; carboxymethylcellulose; chitosan; electrolytes; gelation; hydrogels; mitochondria; neurogenesis; neurons; spinal cord; syringes
Abstract:
... The treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains challenging as the neuron regeneration is impaired by irregular cavity and apoptosis. An injectable in situ gelling hydrogel is therefore developed for the local delivery of cannabidiol (CBD) through a novel method based on polyelectrolyte (PEC) interaction of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS). It can be injected into ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.013

6. Clinical and Histopathological Findings of Hemorrhagic Progressive Myelomalacia after Lumbar Tap in 2 Dogs: Case Report

Author:
Marcelo Luís Schwab; Dênis Antonio Ferrarin; Mathias Reginatto Wrzesinski; Júlia da Silva Rauber; Angel Ripplinger; Eryca Ceolin Lamego; Mariana Martins Flores; Alexandre Mazzanti
Source:
Topics in companion animal medicine 2022 v.50 pp. 100681
ISSN:
1938-9736
Subject:
Bichon Frise; anesthesia; animal injuries; astrocytoma; case studies; cerebrospinal fluid; coma; dogs; epilepsy; histopathology; medicine; necropsy; pets
Abstract:
... Bichon frise (1) and Boxer (2), both with epileptic seizures, underwent lumbar taps for cerebrospinal fluid collection. After the procedure, the first dog became paraplegic, and the second dog did not recover from anesthesia and remained in a coma. Both dogs were euthanatized 12 h after the examination. The dogs were diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and fibrillar astrocytoma, respectively, after ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100681

7. Coding and long non-coding gene expression changes in the CNS traumatic injuries

Author:
Xizi Wu; Haichao Wei; Jia Qian Wu
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.2 pp. 123
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
animal injuries; apoptosis; brain damage; gene expression; inflammation; loss-of-function mutation; microRNA; nucleotides; prognosis; quality of life; sequence analysis; therapeutics; transcriptome
Abstract:
... Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are two main central nervous system (CNS) traumas, caused by external physical insults. Both injuries have devastating effects on the quality of life, and there is no effective therapy at present. Notably, gene expression profiling using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) have revealed significant changes in m ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-04092-2

8. Comprehensive Review of Bioactive and Molecular Aspects of Moringa Oleifera Lam

Author:
Kaushal H. Shah; Manisha J. Oza
Source:
Food reviews international 2022 v.38 no.7 pp. 1427-1460
ISSN:
1525-6103
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; DNA; Moringa oleifera; Toll-like receptor 4; alkaloids; anemia; animal injuries; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; arthritis; ascites; ascorbic acid; asthma; atherosclerosis; atopic dermatitis; calcium; carcinoma; cardiac glycosides; carotenoids; caspase-3; chemical constituents of plants; cyclophosphamide; diabetes; ethanol; flavonoids; glucosinolates; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing); high fat diet; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inflammation; interleukins; iron; isothiocyanates; leaves; lipopolysaccharides; lymphoma; malaria; mitogen-activated protein kinase; perennials; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; polyphenols; potassium; prostaglandin synthase; prostaglandins; protein content; saponins; seed extracts; tumor necrosis factors; typhoid fever; ulcerative colitis; vascular endothelial growth factors
Abstract:
... Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multi-purpose perennial plant belonging to family Moringaceae. Traditionally, it has been used to cure diabetes, anaemia, asthma, typhoid fever, arthritis, malaria and skin disease. M. oleifera is rich in various phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, carotenoids, isothiocyanates, polyphenol, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and glucosinolates. All pa ...
DOI:
10.1080/87559129.2020.1813755

9. Cornifelin expression during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis and in response to spinal cord injury

Author:
Sol Torruella-Gonzalez; Paula G. Slater; Dasfne Lee-Liu; Juan Larraín
Source:
Gene expression patterns 2022 v.43 pp. 119234
ISSN:
1567-133X
Subject:
RNA; Xenopus laevis; animal injuries; cornea; early development; ganglia; gene expression; gene expression regulation; meninges; metamorphosis; retina; spinal cord; tissue repair; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... In a high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis, comparing the transcriptional response between Xenopus laevis regenerative and non-regenerative stages to spinal cord injury, cornifelin was found among the most highly differentially expressed genes. Cornifelin is mainly expressed in stratified squamous epithelia, but its expression in the spinal cord and other central nervous structures has only been ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gep.2022.119234

10. A DAMP-scavenging, IL-10-releasing hydrogel promotes neural regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury

Author:
He Shen; Bai Xu; Chao Yang; Weiwei Xue; Zhifeng You; Xianming Wu; Dezun Ma; Dan Shao; Kam Leong; Jianwu Dai
Source:
Biomaterials 2022 v.280 pp. 121279
ISSN:
0142-9612
Subject:
animal injuries; axons; biocompatible materials; gelatin; hydrogels; immunomodulation; interleukin-10; macrophages; mice; neuroglia; phenotype; polymers; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) creates an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and immune cell activation that exacerbate secondary damage and impair neurological recovery. Here we develop an immunoregulatory hydrogel scaffold for treating SCI that scavenges DAMPs and slowly releases the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). We created ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121279

11. Depleted histone deacetylase 3 or restored microRNA-19b-1-5p facilitates recovery of spinal cord injury via inactivating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Author:
Honghua Niu; Wenchao Song; Dongyang Pei; Chen Ma; Fudong Liu; Yan Li; Shuaiwei Han
Source:
Genomics 2022 v.114 no.2 pp. 110262
ISSN:
0888-7543
Subject:
animal injuries; animal models; apoptosis; astrocytes; blood serum; genomics; histone deacetylase; inflammation; non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase; spinal cord; transactivators
Abstract:
... We intended to discuss the influence of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on spinal cord injury (SCI) by regulating microRNA-19b-1-5p (miR-19b-1-5p) and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway. In a rat model, the role of HDAC3 and miR-19b-1-5p in SCI was identified through detecting motor function, serum inflammation, pathological damage, cell apoptosis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.019

12. Developing a predictive model for spinal shock in dogs with spinal cord injury

Author:
Rebecca McBride; Elizabeth Parker; Rebecca B. Garabed; Natasha J. Olby; Andrea Tipold; Veronika Maria Stein; Nicolas Granger; Ashley C. Hechler; Page E. Yaxley; Sarah A. Moore; CANSORT‐SCI study investigators
Source:
Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2022 v.36 no.2 pp. 663-671
ISSN:
0891-6640
Subject:
animal injuries; confidence interval; dogs; odds ratio; paresis; pelvis; regression analysis; spinal cord; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Reduced pelvic limb reflexes in dogs with spinal cord injury typically suggests a lesion of the L4‐S3 spinal cord segments. However, pelvic limb reflexes might also be reduced in dogs with a T3‐L3 myelopathy and concurrent spinal shock. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that statistical models could be used to identify clinical variables associated with spinal shock in dogs with s ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvim.16352

13. Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning for evaluation of C-spine injury from lateral neck radiographs

Author:
Arunnit Boonrod; Artit Boonrod; Atthaphon Meethawolgul; Prin Twinprai
Source:
Heliyon 2022 v.8 no.8 pp. e10372
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
animal injuries; cervical spine; computed tomography; models; morbidity; mortality; neck; risk
Abstract:
... Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the cervical spine being the most affected. Delayed diagnosis carries a risk of morbidity and mortality. However, cervical spine CT scans are time-consuming, costly, and not always available in general care. In this study, deep learning was used to assess and improve the detection of cervical spine inj ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10372

14. Distinct Glycosylation Responses to Spinal Cord Injury in Regenerative and Nonregenerative Models

Author:
Rachel Ronan; Aniket Kshirsagar; Ana Lúcia Rebelo; Abbah Sunny; Michelle Kilcoyne; Roisin O’ Flaherty; Pauline M. Rudd; Gerhard Schlosser; Radka Saldova; Abhay Pandit; Siobhan S. McMahon
Source:
Journal of proteome research 2022 v.21 no.6 pp. 1449-1466
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
Xenopus laevis; animal injuries; biocompatible materials; collagen; glycosylation; histochemistry; hybrids; hydrogels; lectins; macrophages; neuroglia; polysaccharides; proteome; rats; research; sialic acid; spinal cord; ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in disruption of tissue integrity and loss of function. We hypothesize that glycosylation has a role in determining the occurrence of regeneration and that biomaterial treatment can influence this glycosylation response. We investigated the glycosylation response to spinal cord transection in Xenopus laevis and rat. Transected rats received an aligned col ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00043

15. Dopamine-modified chitosan hydrogel for spinal cord injury

Author:
Kun Liu; Xianzhen Dong; Yue Wang; Xiaopei Wu; Honglian Dai
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2022 v.298 pp. 120047
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
animal injuries; antioxidants; cell adhesion; cell viability; chitosan; citric acid; crosslinking; dopamine; hydrogels; immunity; macrophages; phenotype; rats; spinal cord
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) decreases people's both physical and psychological levels. The rehabilitation of SCI is still a clinical challenging process owing to the inflammatory environment for cell survival. Herein, we designed a dopamine-modified chitosan hydrogel to improve poor microenvironment of spinal cord injury. Dopamine modified chitosan hydrogel was fabricated by crosslinking with citric ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120047

16. Effect of Implantation of a Fibrin Matrix Associated with Neonatal Brain Cells on the Course of an Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Author:
V. V. Medvediev; N. P. Oleksenko; L. D. Pichkur; S. A. Verbovska; S. I. Savosko; N. G. Draguntsova; Yu. A. Lontkovskiy; V. V. Vaslovych; V. I. Tsymbalyuk
Source:
Cytology and genetics 2022 v.56 no.2 pp. 125-138
ISSN:
0095-4527
Subject:
adults; animal injuries; brain; cell biology; fibrin; genetics; hindlimbs; humans; rats; silver; spinal cord; viability
Abstract:
... The effect of immediate implantation of a fibrin matrix associated with allogeneic neonatal rat brain cells on their motor function recovery after a spinal cord injury (SCI) was studied. The cohorts of animals selected for the study were represented by white adult outbred rats (approximately 260 g each, 4 or 5 months old). The SCI simulation was based on a left-side hemisection of the spinal cord ...
DOI:
10.3103/S0095452722020086

17. Effect of morroniside on the transcriptome profiles of rat in injured spinal cords

Author:
Yu-Jiao Shi; Wen-Jie Sheng; Meng-Tong Xue; Fei-Xiang Duan; Lin Shen; Shu-Qin Ding; Qi-Yi Wang; Rui Wang; He-Zuo Lü; Jian-Guo Hu
Source:
Gene 2022 v.823 pp. 146338
ISSN:
0378-1119
Subject:
RNA; animal injuries; bioinformatics; gene expression regulation; gene ontology; genes; principal component analysis; rats; sequence analysis; spinal cord; transcription (genetics); transcriptome
Abstract:
... We have previously reported that morroniside promoted motor activity after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. However, the mechanism by which morroniside induces recovery of injured spinal cord (SC) remains unknown. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to evaluate changes of gene expressions at the transcriptional level of the injured spinal cords in morroniside-administrated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2022.146338

18. Effects of electroacupuncture combined with hydrogel on the formation and changes in the glial scar in rats with spinal cord injury

Author:
Kaitan Yang; Yushan Gao; Yongdong Yang; Chuanhong Li; Zheng Cao; Xiumei Wang; Zaibo Li; Xing Yu
Source:
Journal of traditional Chinese medical sciences 2022 v.9 no.2 pp. 197-205
ISSN:
2095-7548
Subject:
animal injuries; animal models; astrocytes; complement; electroacupuncture; females; fluorescent antibody technique; hydrogels; inflammation; nerve tissue; spinal cord
Abstract:
... To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with oriented conductive bioprotein hydrogel (OCBH) on the recovery of nerve function in rats with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and to explore its effect and mechanism on the formation and changes of glial scars. A total of 72 female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups according to the treatment received. A rat model ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.04.002

19. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury patients

Author:
Fatemeh Tahmasebi; Shirin Barati
Source:
Cell and tissue research 2022 v.389 no.3 pp. 373-384
ISSN:
0302-766X
Subject:
animal injuries; cell transplantation; mesenchymal stromal cells; patients; research; secretion; stem cells
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury with sensory and motor deficits that more than 1 million patients worldwide suffer from disability due to it. Many pharmacological therapies help reduce SCI-related injury and protect CNS from more damage but no current therapy could improve the axonal repair. In this regard, stem cell therapy is considered a regenerative method for SCI patient treatm ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00441-022-03648-3

20. Energy expenditure and nutrient intake after spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review and practical recommendations

Author:
Gary J. Farkas; Alicia Sneij; David W. McMillan; Eduard Tiozzo; Mark S. Nash; David R. Gater
Source:
British journal of nutrition 2022 v.128 no.5 pp. 863-887
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
Dietary Reference Intakes; animal injuries; appetite; body composition; eating habits; energy expenditure; healthy diet; medicine; nutrient intake; nutritional status; England
Abstract:
... Many persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have one or more preventable chronic diseases related to excessive energetic intake and poor eating patterns. Appropriate nutrient consumption relative to need becomes a concern despite authoritative dietary recommendations from around the world. These recommendations were developed for the non-disabled population and do not account for the injury-induced ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114521003822

21. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) functions in the hypoxic injury of microglial cells

Author:
Chao-Yang Deng; Ting-Ting Zhu; Shuai Lian; Jian-Fa Wang; Rui Wu; Jia-San Zheng
Source:
Journal of Veterinary Research 2022 v.66 no.1 pp. 131-140
ISSN:
2450-8608
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; agonists; animal injuries; autophagy; chlorides; cobalt; energy metabolism; fibronectins; homeostasis; hypoxia; mitochondria; mitogen-activated protein kinase; models; nerve tissue; neuroglia; spinal cord; veterinary medicine
Abstract:
... Hypoxia is a common pathological condition after spinal cord injury. Oestrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), as a key regulator of energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions, plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis. However, its role in hypoxic spinal microglia has not been fully elaborated. This study investigated the receptor’s activity when these cells are hypoxic and used a ...
DOI:
10.2478/jvetres-2022-0009

22. Excess intracellular ATP causes neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

Author:
Nobuhiko Nakajima; Yuichiro Ohnishi; Masamichi Yamamoto; Daiki Setoyama; Hirohiko Imai; Tomofumi Takenaka; Mari Matsumoto; Koichi Hosomi; Yoichi Saitoh; Hidemasa Furue; Haruhiko Kishima
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.9 pp. 483
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
animal injuries; body weight; extracellular space; metabolomics; pain; patients; purinergic receptors; quality of life
Abstract:
... Intractable neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (NP-SCI) reduces a patient’s quality of life. Excessive release of ATP into the extracellular space evokes neuroinflammation via purinergic receptor. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of NP. However, little is known about whether or not extracellular ATP cause NP-SCI. We found in the present study t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04510-z

23. Exosomal miR-9-5p derived from BMSCs alleviates apoptosis, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in spinal cord injury by regulating the HDAC5/FGF2 axis

Author:
Xin He; Jianan Zhang; Yunshan Guo; Xiaowei Yang; Yunfei Huang; Dingjun Hao
Source:
Molecular immunology 2022 v.145 pp. 97-108
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Western blotting; animal injuries; animal models; apoptosis; bone marrow; cytokines; data collection; endoplasmic reticulum stress; exosomes; fibroblast growth factor 2; histone deacetylase; histopathology; humans; inflammation; lipopolysaccharides; neurons; reporter genes; therapeutics; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play potential protective roles in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. Herein, we isolated exosomes from BMSCs, and exosome morphology and marker protein levels were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot, respectively. PC12 cells were treated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.007

24. FTO knockdown alleviates hypoxia-induced PC12 cell injury by stabilizing GADD45B in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner

Author:
Dan Wang; Yu Li; Xiaoxiao Xu; Shixin Zhao; Zhen Wang; Jiahao Yang; Xi Zhang; Junwei Pan; Yisheng Wang; Ming Liu
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2022 v.619 pp. 166-172
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
RNA; animal injuries; hypoxia; methyltransferases; models; neurodevelopment; obesity; research; spinal cord
Abstract:
... RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level is closely associated with neurodevelopment and central nervous system dysfunctions including spinal cord injury (SCI). M6A level can be dynamically regulated by m6A methyltransferases and demethylases. In this text, the roles of m6A demethylase FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (FTO) in SCI development along with its m6A-dependent regulatory mechanis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.039

25. Fault diagnosis of tractor auxiliary gearbox using vibration analysis and random forest classifier

Author:
Mohammad Hosseinpour-Zarnaq; Mahmoud Omid; Ebrahim Biabani-Aghdam
Source:
Information processing in agriculture 2022 v.9 no.1 pp. 60-67
ISSN:
2214-3173
Subject:
agriculture; animal injuries; information; neural networks; probability; tractors; transmission systems; vibration; wavelet
Abstract:
... Accurate detection of mechanical components faults is an essential step for reduction of repair cost, human injury probability and loss of production. Using intelligent fault diagnosis systems in tractor could prevent secondary damage, thereby avoiding heavy consequences. In this study, fault diagnosis of tractor auxiliary gearbox is presented. Vibration signals of healthy and faulty pinions gear ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.inpa.2021.01.002

26. Fibrosis in the central nervous system: from the meninges to the vasculature

Author:
Corey R. Fehlberg; Jae K. Lee
Source:
Cell and tissue research 2022 v.387 no.3 pp. 351-360
ISSN:
0302-766X
Subject:
animal injuries; axons; brain; fibroblasts; fibrosis; meninges; research; spinal cord
Abstract:
... Formation of a collagenous connective tissue scar after penetrating injuries to the brain or spinal cord has been described and investigated for well over 100 years. However, it was studied almost exclusively in the context of penetrating injuries that resulted in infiltration of meningeal fibroblasts, which raised doubts about translational applicability to most CNS injuries where the meninges re ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00441-021-03491-y

27. Fluid Balance and Thermoregulatory Responses during Wheelchair Basketball Games in Hot vs. Temperate Conditions

Author:
Fabian Grossmann; Claudio Perret; Bart Roelands; Romain Meeusen; Joelle Leonie Flueck
Source:
Nutrients 2022 v.14 no.14 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
animal injuries; body weight; males; risk; sensation; sweat; temperature
Abstract:
... The impaired vaso- and sudomotor functions limit sweat capacity in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) and might increase the risk for heat-related illness and decreased performance, especially in hot conditions (HOT). This study investigated the differences in fluid balance and thermal responses between wheelchair basketball (WCB) games in HOT and temperate conditions (TMP). Eleven male W ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu14142930

28. Forced Sedentariness and Sports Activity as Factors Differentiating Anthropometric Characteristics, Indices, and Body Composition in People with Disabilities

Author:
Anna Zwierzchowska; Barbara Rosołek; Marcin Sikora; Diana Celebańska
Source:
Biology 2022 v.11 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
adiposity; animal injuries; body length; body weight; hip circumference; sports; visceral fat; waist circumference
Abstract:
... Introduction: Although the assessment of physique and body composition poses methodological, technical, and interpretative difficulties, it is of great importance for the health of people with disabilities. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that sedentariness and sports activity are factors differentiating anthropometric characteristics, indices, and body composition in people with physical ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology11060906

29. Ginseng extract and ginsenosides improve neurological function and promote antioxidant effects in rats with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Author:
Kim Sia Sng; Gan Li; Long-yun Zhou; Yong-jia Song; Xu-qing Chen; Yong-jun Wang; Min Yao; Xue-jun Cui
Source:
Journal of Ginseng Research 2022 v.46 no.1 pp. 11-22
ISSN:
1226-8453
Subject:
Panax; animal injuries; antioxidants; ginsenosides; malondialdehyde; mechanism of action; meta-analysis; protective effect; rats; research; spinal cord; superoxide dismutase; systematic review
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as damage to the spinal cord that temporarily or permanently changes its function. There is no definite treatment established for neurological complete injury patients. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract and ginsenosides on neurological recovery and antioxidant efficacies in rat models following SCI and explore the appropriate dosage. Searches ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.009

30. Gold nanodots with stable red fluorescence for rapid dual-mode imaging of spinal cord and injury monitoring

Author:
Yangliu Lin; Yueqi Zhao; Zhe Yang; Zhubin Shen; Junran Ke; Fei Yin; Linan Fang; Andrei V. Zvyagin; Bai Yang; Quan Lin
Source:
Talanta 2022 v.241 pp. 123241
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
animal injuries; biocompatibility; bioimaging; cerebrospinal fluid; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; glutathione; iodine; ischemia; necrosis; pain; paralysis; photoluminescence; prognosis; spinal cord; surgery; toxicity; water solubility
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating complications of spinal surgery, often resulting in numbness, pain or paralysis. Minor injuries in the spinal cord are hard to be identified and existing imaging modalities are unable to provide intraoperative monitoring. Monitoring pathological change at the site of injury is a key factor in staging and treatment decision making as well as prognos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123241

31. Highly bioactive iridium metal-complex alleviates spinal cord injury via ROS scavenging and inflammation reduction

Author:
Zhi-Sheng Ji; Gui-Bin Gao; Yan-Ming Ma; Jian-Xian Luo; Guo-Wei Zhang; Hua Yang; Nan Li; Qing-Yu He; Hong-Sheng Lin
Source:
Biomaterials 2022 v.284 pp. 121481
ISSN:
0142-9612
Subject:
animal injuries; axons; biocompatibility; biocompatible materials; drugs; inflammation; iridium; myelin sheath; oxidative stress; spinal cord; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Generation of a promising antioxidative reagent with superior biocompatibility is urgently needed to remedy spinal cord injuries (SCI), repair the damaged neurons and restrain the secondary injuries caused by inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Inhibitory elements in the injury sites and necessitous inherent neural regeneration ability were major challenges for functional recovery after spinal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121481

32. Human umbilical cord blood-derived platelet -rich plasma: a new window for motor function recovery and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

Author:
Zahra Behroozi; Fatemeh Ramezani; Farinaz Nasirinezhad
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2022 v.252 pp. 113840
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
Western blotting; adults; animal injuries; behavior; computer software; hindlimbs; humans; immunohistochemistry; laminectomy; males; neurons; spinal cord; umbilical cord
Abstract:
... There are complex mechanisms for reducing intrinsic repairability and neuronal regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a rich source of growth factors and has been used to motivate the regeneration of peripheral nerves in neurodegenerative disorders. However, only a few studies have shown the effects of PRP on the SCI models. We investigated whether PRP deriv ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113840

33. Hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded by adhesive hydrogel for effective angiogenic treatment of spinal cord injury

Author:
Jiafu Mu; Liming Li; Jiahe Wu; Tianchen Huang; Yu Zhang; Jian Cao; Teng Ma; Jiachen Chen; Chenyang Zhang; Xunqi Zhang; Tinghao Lu; Xianglei Kong; Jihong Sun; Jianqing Gao
Source:
Biomaterials science 2022 v.10 no.7 pp. 1803-1811
ISSN:
2047-4849
Subject:
angiogenesis; animal injuries; biocompatible materials; cell communication; encapsulation; exosomes; hyaluronic acid; hydrogels; hypoxia; hypoxia-inducible factor 1; ischemia; peptides; spinal cord; therapeutics; tissue repair; vascular endothelial growth factors
Abstract:
... Due to the limited efficacy of current clinical treatment strategies, functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a knotty problem to be solved. Apart from anti-inflammation and cell replenishing treatments, accumulating evidence implies that promoting angiogenesis would also potentially benefit tissue regeneration after SCI. In this research, inspired by the role of exoso ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1bm01722e

34. Identification of hub genes related to the innate immune response activated during spinal cord injury

Author:
Jianfeng Li; Xizhe Liu; Huachuan Wu; Peng Guo; Baoliang Li; Jianmin Wang; Wei Tian; Dafu Chen; Manman Gao; Zhiyu Zhou; Shaoyu Liu
Source:
FEBS Open Bio 2022 v.12 no.10 pp. 1839-1856
ISSN:
2211-5463
Subject:
algorithms; animal injuries; blood; complement; data collection; immunotherapy; inflammation; innate immunity; ligands; protein-protein interactions; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; spinal cord
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to sensory and motor dysfunction. Two major factors that hinder spinal cord repair are local inflammation and glial scar formation after SCI, and thus appropriate immunotherapy may alleviate damage. To characterize changes in gene expression that occur during SCI and thereby identify putative targets for immunotherapy, here we analyzed the dataset GSE5296 (cont ...
DOI:
10.1002/2211-5463.13472

35. The Inflammatory Response after Moderate Contusion Spinal Cord Injury: A Time Study

Author:
Minna Christiansen Lund; Ditte Gry Ellman; Maiken Nissen; Pernille Sveistrup Nielsen; Pernille Vinther Nielsen; Carina Jørgensen; Ditte Caroline Andersen; Han Gao; Roberta Brambilla; Matilda Degn; Bettina Hjelm Clausen; Kate Lykke Lambertsen
Source:
Biology 2022 v.11 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
animal injuries; astrocytes; granulocytes; inflammation; macrophages; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates detrimental cellular and molecular events that lead to acute and delayed neuroinflammation. Understanding the role of the inflammatory response in SCI requires insight into the temporal and cellular synthesis of inflammatory mediators. We subjected C57BL/6J mice to SCI and investigated inflammatory reactions. We examined activation, recruitment, and polarization ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology11060939

36. Injectable and fast gelling hyaluronate hydrogels with rapid self-healing ability for spinal cord injury repair

Author:
Shangzhi Li; Zhiqiang Ke; Xiaotong Peng; Penghui Fan; Jiayi Chao; Ping Wu; Pu Xiao; Yingshan Zhou
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2022 v.298 pp. 120081
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
angiogenesis; animal injuries; biocompatibility; gelation; hyaluronic acid; hydrogels; nerve tissue; neurons
Abstract:
... Self-healing natural hydrogels still suffer from some issues such as unfit stiffness, poor healing efficiency, and lack of biocompatibility and hydrolytic stability, although they have been used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, we develop the injectable, self-healing hyaluronate hydrogels based on multiple dynamic covalent bonds. The hydrogels exhibit fast gelation and excellent self-hea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120081

37. Internal injuries in whiting (Merlangius merlangus) caught by tickler-chain and pulse-trawl gears

Author:
Pim G. Boute; Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp; Johan L. van Leeuwen; W. Sarina M. Versteeg; Remco P.M. Pieters; Martin J. Lankheet
Source:
Fisheries research 2022 v.253 pp. 106351
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Gadus morhua; Merlangius merlangus; Solea solea; animal injuries; dissection; economic sustainability; hemorrhage; mortality; research; North Sea
Abstract:
... Electrical pulse fishing has been widely adopted by Dutch fishers as an economically viable alternative to tickler-chain trawling for common sole (Solea solea) in the North Sea. Concerns exist, however, that the use of electrical pulses may cause spinal injuries and haemorrhages, as previously shown for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). To find out whether other gadoids are similarly affected, we studi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106351

38. LRRK2 Inhibition by PF06447475 Antagonist Modulates Early Neuronal Damage after Spinal Cord Trauma

Author:
Alessia Filippone; Deborah Mannino; Laura Cucinotta; Irene Paterniti; Emanuela Esposito; Michela Campolo
Source:
Antioxidants 2022 v.11 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
animal injuries; antagonists; genes; glycogen; immune system; inflammation; interleukin-1; interleukin-10; interleukin-6; necrosis; neoplasms; neurodegenerative diseases; neurons; oxidative stress; spinal cord
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event followed by neurodegeneration, activation of the inflammatory cascade, and immune system. The leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), moreover, its kinase activity was found to be upregulated after instigated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we aimed to investigate the PF06447475 ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox11091634

39. Magnetic alignment of injectable hydrogel scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair

Author:
Kiet A. Tran; Ying Jin; Julien Bouyer; Brandon J. DeOre; Łukasz Suprewicz; Ana Figel; Hannah Walens; Itzhak Fischer; Peter A. Galie
Source:
Biomaterials science 2022 v.10 no.9 pp. 2237-2247
ISSN:
2047-4849
Subject:
animal injuries; axons; biocompatible materials; electron microscopy; humans; hydrogels; inflammation; magnetic fields; peptides; polymerization; tissue repair; topology
Abstract:
... Injectable hydrogels for cell delivery and tissue regeneration have several advantages over pre-fabricated scaffolds that require more invasive transplantation procedures, but lack the ability to implement tunable topologies. Here, we describe an approach to create patternable and injectable scaffolds using magnetically-responsive (MR) self-assembling peptide hydrogels, and validate their efficacy ...
DOI:
10.1039/d1bm01590g

40. Mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles for sustained release of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species scavenging to synergistically accelerate neurogenesis after spinal cord injury

Author:
Haifei Shi; Lulu Jin; Jinyi Li; Kejiong Liang; Xigong Li; Ziqiang Ye; Xinyue Zhu; Joaquim Miguel Oliveira; Rui L. Reis; Zhengwei Mao; Mengjie Wu
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry B 2022 v.10 no.33 pp. 6351-6359
ISSN:
2050-7518
Subject:
animal injuries; benzene; encapsulation; hindlimbs; hydrogen peroxide; hydrophobicity; inflammation; mammals; nanocarriers; nanoparticles; neurogenesis; porous media; prognosis; rapamycin; tissue repair
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable condition with complex pathological processes and poor prognosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) protein is one of the causes of secondary inflammation of SCI. Rapamycin (Rapa) is a pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, which can inhibit ROS overproduction mediated by abnormal activation of th ...
DOI:
10.1039/d2tb00841f

41. Mitochondrial function in spinal cord injury and regeneration

Author:
Paula G. Slater; Miguel E. Domínguez-Romero; Maximiliano Villarreal; Verónica Eisner; Juan Larraín
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.5 pp. 239
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
animal injuries; axons; cell death; immune response; longevity; mammals; metabolism; mitochondria; paralysis; spinal cord; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Many people around the world suffer from some form of paralysis caused by spinal cord injury (SCI), which has an impact on quality and life expectancy. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system (CNS), which in mammals is unable to regenerate, and to date, there is a lack of full functional recovery therapies for SCI. These injuries start with a rapid and mechanical insult, followed by ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04261-x

42. NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation

Author:
Beatriz Martínez-Rojas; Esther Giraldo; Rubén Grillo-Risco; Marta R. Hidalgo; Eric López-Mocholi; Ana Alastrue-Agudo; Francisco García-García; Victoria Moreno-Manzano
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2022 v.79 no.8 pp. 455
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
adults; animal injuries; inflammation; neural stem cells; neuroglia; neuroprotective effect; phenotype; therapeutics; transcription (genetics); transcriptome
Abstract:
... Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We demonstrate that severe spinal contusion in adult rats causes transcriptional dysregulation, which persists from early subacute to chronic stages of SCI and affects nearly 20,000 genes in total tissue ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w

43. Nerve Growth Factor-Laden Anisotropic Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels to Regulate Neuronal/Astroglial Differentiation for Scarless Spinal Cord Repair

Author:
Xiang Gao; Weinan Cheng; Xiaoyi Zhang; Zhengyu Zhou; Zhaozhao Ding; Xiaozhong Zhou; Qiang Lu; David L. Kaplan
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. 3701-3715
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
angiogenesis; animal injuries; anisotropy; bioactive properties; histology; hydrogels; models; nanofibers; nerve growth factor; nerve tissue; neurons; rats; silk; silk proteins; spinal cord
Abstract:
... Scarless spinal cord regeneration remains a challenge due to the complicated microenvironment at lesion sites. In this study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) was immobilized in silk protein nanofiber hydrogels with hierarchical anisotropic microstructures to fabricate bioactive systems that provide multiple physical and biological cues to address spinal cord injury (SCI). The NGF maintained bioactiv ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.1c19229

44. Nerve growth factor-mediated Na+ channel plasticity of bladder afferent neurons in mice with spinal cord injury

Author:
Jianshu Ni; Takahisa Suzuki; Sergei V. Karnup; Baojun Gu; Naoki Yoshimura
Source:
Life sciences 2022 v.298 pp. 120524
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
animal injuries; bladder; females; ganglia; nerve growth factor; nerve tissue; neutralization; plasticity; sodium channels; spinal cord
Abstract:
... To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) neutralization on Na⁺ channel plasticity of bladder afferent neurons in mice with spinal cord injury (SCI). Female C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into spinal intact (SI) group, SCI group and SCI + NGF-Ab group. SCI was induced by spinal cord transection at the Th8/9 level. In SCI + NGF-Ab group, anti-NGF antibodies (10 μg·kg-1 per hour) we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120524

45. Nerve implants with bioactive interfaces enhance neurite outgrowth and nerve regeneration in vivo

Author:
Zongliang Wang; Yi Zhang; Liqiang Wang; Yoshihiro Ito; Gang Li; Peibiao Zhang
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2022 v.218 pp. 112731
ISSN:
0927-7765
Subject:
animal injuries; bioactive properties; dihydroxyphenylalanine; humans; insulin-like growth factor I; nerve regeneration; nerve tissue; neurites; spinal cord; umbilical cord
Abstract:
... Nerve implants functionalized with growth factors and stem cells are critical to promote neurite outgrowth, regulate neurodifferentiation, and facilitate nerve regeneration. In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and 3,4-hydroxyphenalyalanine (DOPA)-containing insulin-like growth factor 1 (DOPA-IGF-1) were simultaneously applied to enhance the bioactivity of poly(lact ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112731

46. Neuroinduction and neuroprotection co-enhanced spinal cord injury repair based on IL-4@ZIF-8-loaded hyaluronan–collagen hydrogels with nano-aligned and viscoelastic cues

Author:
Nini Xin; Xiaoyin Liu; Suping Chen; Yusheng Zhang; Dan Wei; Jing Sun; Liangxue Zhou; Chengheng Wu; Hongsong Fan
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry B 2022 v.10 no.33 pp. 6315-6327
ISSN:
2050-7518
Subject:
animal injuries; cellular microenvironment; central nervous system; extracellular matrix; hydrogels; inflammation; interleukin-4; macrophages; nanoparticles; nerve regeneration; neurons; neuroprotective effect; organ-on-a-chip; regrowth; synapse; viscoelasticity
Abstract:
... Spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is extremely limited since the severe inflammatory responses lead to secondary damage, and the diseased extracellular matrix (ECM) fails to provide inductive cues for nerve regeneration. To address these dilemmas, herein, we propose a biomaterial-based strategy combining neuroprotection and neuroinduction for SCI repair. Taking advantage of a mic ...
DOI:
10.1039/d2tb01111e

47. Neuroprotective effect of the Nrf2/ARE/miRNA145-5p signaling pathway in the early phase of spinal cord injury

Author:
Nahal Ebrahimy; Natalie Gasterich; Victoria Behrens; Javad Amini; Athanassios Fragoulis; Cordian Beyer; Weiyi Zhao; Nima Sanadgol; Adib Zendedel
Source:
Life sciences 2022 v.304 pp. 120726
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
animal injuries; animal models; astrocytes; microRNA; neuroprotective effect; oxidative stress
Abstract:
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition often associated with chronic neuroinflammation and redox imbalance. Oxidative stress is one of the main hallmark of secondary injury of SCI which is tightly regulated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling. In this study, we aimed at investigating the interplay between inflammation-r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120726

48. New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury

Author:
Amanda Phuong Tran; Philippa Mary Warren; Jerry Silver
Source:
Cell and tissue research 2022 v.387 no.3 pp. 319-336
ISSN:
0302-766X
Subject:
animal injuries; astrocytes; extracellular matrix; neurons; research; sensation; stroke; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Severe spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of pathophysiological processes which ultimately act to form a complex structure, permanently remodeling the cellular architecture and extracellular matrix. This structure is traditionally termed the glial/fibrotic scar. Similar cellular formations occur following ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00441-021-03477-w

49. Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Promotes Spinal Cord Repair by Regulating Mitochondrial Function

Author:
Yi Li; Liangliang Yang; Fei Hu; Ji Xu; Junsong Ye; Shuhua Liu; Lifeng Wang; Ming Zhuo; Bing Ran; Hongyu Zhang; Junming Ye; Jian Xiao
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2022 v.14 no.22 pp. 25155-25172
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
animal injuries; apoptosis; energy; extracellular matrix; fibroblast growth factor 2; hydrogels; metabolism; mitochondria; nerve regeneration; neurons; polymers; sirtuins; spinal cord; therapeutics; thermosensitivity; umbilical cord
Abstract:
... The repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still a tough clinical challenge and needs innovative therapies. Mitochondrial function is significantly compromised after SCI and has emerged as an important factor causing neuronal apoptosis and hindering functional recovery. In this study, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC), which are promising seed cells for nerve regeneration, and basic fib ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.2c04341

50. Numerous nanoparticles as drug delivery system to control secondary immune response and promote spinal cord injury regeneration

Author:
Qian Hong; Huanhuan Song; Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi; Kathirvel Brindhadevi
Source:
Process biochemistry 2022 v.112 pp. 145-153
ISSN:
1359-5113
Subject:
animal injuries; biochemistry; blood flow; brain; drugs; humans; immune response; immune system; medicine; spinal cord; temperature
Abstract:
... Spinal cord is the major communicating system between the brain and the body, injury to the spinal cord will completely cut or damage the information and signal exchanges between brain and different parts of the body. Spinal cord injury (SCI) regulates the physical, cellular, and molecular function of the body. SCI could cause impairment in blood flow, breathing, temperature, body pressure and sen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.025